2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点18 议论文B卷（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点18 议论文B卷（含解析） |  | |
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2024届新高考英语高频考点专项练习：专题十二 考点18 议论文（B卷）
1. Off the coast of Formentera, an island, lives seagrass that stretches 15 km. The seagrass, covering several kilometers, is made up of a single organism. The grasses are also long-lived, for tens or hundreds of thousands of years. Along with two other kinds of coastal ecosystem—mangrove(红树林) swamps and tidal marshes(潮汐沼泽)—seagrass fields are particularly good at taking carbon dioxide from the air.
This role was highlighted in a report published on March 2nd by UNESCO, on "blue carbon"—the carbon stored by Earth's oceanic and coastal ecosystems. In total around 3300 million tons of carbon dioxide (about three-quarters of the world's emissions in 2019) are locked away in the planet's blue-carbon sinks. Research by Carlos Duarte, the report's author and an ecologist, has shown that one hectare of seagrass can suck as much carbon dioxide each year as 15 hectares of rainforest.
One reason that blue-carbon ecosystems make such effective sinks is that underwater forests are thicker than the land-based woods. They can also trap floating pieces and organic matter, which settles on the sea floor and can double the amount of carbon stored away. They possess another advantage, too. Climate change is leading to more wildfires around the world. As forests burn, their carbon stocks are sent back into the atmosphere. Unlike forests on land, blue-carbon ecosystems do not burn.
Blue-carbon ecosystems may not be fired, but they remain affected to other sorts of disasters. In May 2020 cyclone Amphan destroyed 1200 square kilometres of mangrove forests. A marine heatwave in Australian waters in 2010 and 2011 damaged around one third of the world's largest seagrass field in Shark Bay. Mangrove forests can weaken or control waves and provide natural barriers to storm surges. Protecting and expanding them, then, appears to be a must.
1.What do the blue-carbon ecosystems consist of
A.The carbon stored in coastal ecosystems.
B.Seagrass living off the coast of Formentera.
C.A single organism, seagrass fields and forests on land.
D.Seagrass fields, mangrove swamps and tidal marshes.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A.The concrete role of "blue carbon". B.The special features of the seagrass.
C.The storage ability of the blue-carbon sinks. D.The findings about the blue-carbon ecosystems.
3.Why can the blue-carbon ecosystems make such effective sinks
A.Because they have greater absorbing ability.
B.Because they aren't influenced by disasters.
C.Because their carbon stocks are released back.
D.Because there is more carbon in water than on land.
4.What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A.To add background information. B.To give suggestions.
C.To list influential examples. D.To offer scientific data.
2. One in five children starting primary school in the UK are overweight. By the time they leave school, that figure will rise to one in three. The chance of them being overweight in adulthood, which brings a range of associated health risks, is high, at 50-75%.
The root cause of diet-related fatness is no secret: an energy imbalance between the quantity of food being consumed and the level of physical activity being conducted. Addressing this imbalance needs to be, in part, a review of our diet. More fresh ingredients(原料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet.
The Department of Health has recognized that a collective approach, rather than just individual behavior change, is a successful way of achieving this. Universal adjustments like a blanket decrease in sugar content influence the way we eat through the choices available to us.
Applying this approach to school kitchens makes sense. They have an important role to play in maintaining healthy diets. Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school.
Ifs an area the Soil Association consistently works to handle through its Food for Life program —working with schools to transform food culture, improve food education and encourage lasting changes to the way schools think about food. It works. In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in comparison schools.
One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients. It encourages local seasonal produce and, at silver or gold level, requires a commitment to environmentally friendly produce. At its heart, the award is designed to support health and enhance food understanding.
Over 50% of English primary schools have such an award already, serving around 1.7 million meals each day to over 10,000 schools and it's a figure we'll see grow.
1.What does the underlined word "addressing" in paragraph 2 mean
A.Tackling. B.Ignoring. C.Maintaining. D.Postponing.
2.Which approach will work for students to build a balanced diet
A.Stopping them eating alone in schools.
B.Getting them aware of the harm of fatness.
C.Ensuring healthy recipes on school menus.
D.Increasing the availability and flavor of food.
3.What can we say about the Food for Life program
A.It's a heavy load on schools. B.It's complicated to operate.
C.It's a temporary project. D.It's a fruitful attempt.
4.Which type of food may the Food for Life Served Here award promote
A.Sugary snacks. B.First-class sausages.
C.High-quality imported beef. D.Freshly picked organic beans.
3. When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A.Their target users. B.Their wide popularity.
C.Their major functions. D.Their complex design.
2.What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
3.What can we say about Baby Boomers
A.They like smartphone games. B.They enjoy guessing callers' identity.
C.They keep using landline phones. D.They are attached to their family.
4.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A.It remains a family necessity. B.It will fall out of use some day.
C.It may increase daily expenses. D.It is as important as the gas light.
4. "You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it." This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I'll do it."
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
1. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1
A. She knows little about the club. B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer. D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
2. What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Encourage teamwork. B. Appeal to feelings.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
3. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3
A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She'll work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper.
4. Why does the author like doing volunteer work
A. It gives her a sense of duty. B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard. D. It brings her material rewards.
5.You are a member in a full-time school called "life", Each day here you will have the opportunity to learn lessons. You may like the lessons or hate them, but you have designed them as part of your curriculum.
Why are you here What is your purpose Humans have sought to discover the meaning of life for a very long time. What we and our ancestors have to overlook is that there is no answer. The meaning of life is different for every individual.
Each person has his own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's. As you are travelling your life path, you will be presented with numerous lessons you will need to learn in order to achieve that purpose. The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and achieving the meaning of your own life.
As you are travelling through your lifetime, you may meet challenging lessons that others don't have to face, while others spend years struggling with challenges that you don't need to deal with. You may never know why you are blessed with a wonderful marriage, while your friends suffer painful divorces, just as you cannot be sure why you struggle financially while your peers enjoy abundance. The only thing you can count on is that you will be presented with all the lessons that you specifically need to learn.
The challenge, therefore, is to connect yourself with your own unique path by learning individual lessons. This is one of the most difficult challenges you will face in your lifetime, as sometimes your path will be different from others'. But don't compare your path with that of people around you and focus on the differences between their lessons and yours. You need to remember that you will only face lessons that you can learn and that are specific to your own growth.
Our sense of fairness is the expectation of equality. Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult life path than others around you. Everyone's circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently.
1. According to the passage, how can the meaning of your life be realized
A. Gathering different opinions from others.
B. Taking the distinct path from others'.
C. Learning the lessons presented to you.
D. Doing the different things from others'.
2. From the passage we can conclude _____.
A. everyone has his own track to follow
B. unexpected things usually happen to the peers
C. a painful divorce must lie in financial problems
D. a wealthy man must have a wonderful marriage
3. In your lifetime, the lessons you are faced with _____.
A. are beyond your power
B. stop you from growing
C. limit your development
D. help you with your success
4. Which of the following is TRUE
A. All things are equal.
B. You should learn to deal with specific problems differently from others.
C. One has to fix his mind on the unfairness of circumstances.
D. You can complain life is unfair whenever possible.
6. According to the Study Abroad Trend Report for 2018, conducted by Chinese education website , the number of Chinese students who study abroad to gain a bachelor's degree or below is rising, and the current group of Chinese overseas students is younger than those in the past years.
Du Xiying, a Beijing-based study-abroad agent, has first-hand experience working with this younger crop of students. "When I started this job some 10 years ago, almost all cases were filed by college graduates trying to apply for a master's degree in the US, UK, Australia and Canada," said Du. "Now quite a number of my clients are high school graduates, and my company even employed some experienced consultants to satisfy the increasing need of college-bound Chinese students." However, in the eyes of Du, most of them are not ready to put themselves in a completely different context at such a young age. Although there are no statistics available, according to Du's observations, college-bound high school graduates from China fall into two groups. There is a group of students from well-off families, with good grades and excellent command of English, and there is another group who did not do very well in their college entrance exams, so they seek to study abroad as a solution to their troubles. "In recent years, with the financial ability of Chinese families growing with the country's development, buying into college is very common," said Du.
Complaints come from both destination schools in the US and parents of students. Going abroad at a young age needs a great deal of discipline(自律), and college students don't usually live at home-stays so they are free from management. A considerable quantity of students have ended with being dismissed(开除).
As to the dismissal issue, Du said it's inevitable due to the large number of students crowding abroad. It's just not easy to ensure quality. But she does think both students and parents should be responsible for their own investment of both time and money. "The worst case is that a family throws out 1 million yuan for their child to come home with nothing, not even fluent English," said Du.
1.What change is mentioned in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2？
A. The age of Chinese students studying abroad is getting younger.
B. More Chinese students studying abroad are getting a master's degree.
C. Excellent students prefer studying abroad to taking college entrance exams.
D. Chinese students' grades are improving due to professional consultants' help.
2.Which opinion does Du probably agree with？
A. Most young students are qualified to study abroad.
B. Buying into schools could be a good solution to students' problems.
C. Destination schools should be responsible for the management of students.
D. Parents and students should be cautious about the decision to study abroad.
3.Why do some students fail in their oversea study？
A. They are not financially supported.
B. They are rejected by destination schools.
C. They can't live up to their parents' expectations.
D. They can't live and study abroad independently.
4.What does the underlined word "inevitable" in paragraph 4 mean？
A. Can't be avoided. B. Can't be ignored.
C. Can't be realized. D. Can't be predicted.
7. Climate breakdown threatens to cause a global food production crisis. The UN forecasts that by 2050, feeding the world will require a 20% expansion in global water use for agriculture. It is hard to see how agriculture can feed the population of the planet, let alone toward the end of the century and beyond. Agriculture is a major cause of climate breakdown, and both river and air pollution. Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.
However, at this critical time, farming (a new kind of food technology) is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet. Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions (排放物). It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂). It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right, it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.
We are about to welcome one of the biggest economic transformations, of any kind, for 200 years. Arguments continue about plants against meat-based diets; however, new technologies will soon make these arguments irrelevant. Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms (微生物).
Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier. Due to the fact that farming creates food products built up from simple components rather than broken down from complex ones, hard fats and other unhealthy components can be screened out. Meat will still be meat, but it will be grown in factories rather than in the bodies of animals. Fats will still be fats, but food is likely to be better, cheaper and much less damaging to the living planet.
1.What is the major cause of sea ecological breakdown
A.Food production. B.Global farming.
C.Industrial fishing. D.Climate breakdown.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ferming
A.Its benefits. B.Its security. C.Its research. D.Its limits.
3.What will provide the majority of food in the near future
A.Sea animals. B.Wild plants. C.Micro-organisms. D.Farm products.
4.Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude to ferming
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Unclear.
8. Water keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.
About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced Day Zero—the day when all its dams would be dry.
Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发) from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.
All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.
To address this issue, what can be done First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米). Experts are looking for ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking for ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.
1.What can we know from Paragraph 2
A.A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.
B.Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.
C.Underground water should be used to meet the water demand.
D.Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.
2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A.Rainfall is not as steady as before.
B.Climate change may lead to water shortages.
C.The water supply relies more on rainfall.
D.Hotter weather changes the water demand.
3.What can farmers do to deal with water shortage
A.Plug leaks in the water distribution system.
B.Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.
C.Reduce the number of people in the cities.
D.Grow less-water consumption crops instead.
4.What will be discussed if the passage continues
A.How to prevent from climate change.
B.How to inspire people to save water.
C.How to recycle wastewater in cities.
D.How to make people get access to clean water.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 DCAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"Along with two other kinds of coastal ecosystem—mangrove(红树林) swamps and tidal marshes(潮汐沼泽)—seagrass fields are particularly good at taking carbon dioxide from the air."可知, 海草床, 还有另外两种沿海生态系统—红树林沼泽和潮汐沼泽, 尤其擅长从空气中吸收二氧化碳; 结合第二段第一句中的"on 'blue carbon'—the carbon stored by Earth's oceanic and coastal ecosystems"可知, "蓝碳"是地球海洋和沿海生态系统储存的碳。由此可知, 海草床、红树林沼泽和潮汐沼泽构成了蓝碳生态系统。故选D。
2.段落大意题。根据第二段第二、三句可知, 总共约有330亿吨二氧化碳(约占2019年全球排放量的四分之三)被锁在地球的蓝碳汇中。该报告的作者、海洋生态学家Carlos Duarte的研究表明, 一公顷海草每年吸收的二氧化碳相当于15公顷雨林每年吸收的二氧化碳。由此可知, 本段主要介绍了蓝碳汇的储存能力。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知, 蓝碳生态系统之所以会产生如此有效的碳汇, 其中一个原因是水下森林比陆上森林的密度更大。它们还能捕获漂浮在海底的碎片和有机物, 使碳的储存量增加一倍。由此可推知, 蓝碳生态系统之所以会产生如此有效的碳汇是因为它们有更强大的储存能力。故选A。
4.目的意图题。根据最后一段内容可知, 最后一段先列举了蓝碳生态系统受到的危害; 最后两句表明: 红树林可以削弱或抑制海浪并为风暴潮提供天然屏障。因此, 保护红树林并扩大红树林的(种植)面积似乎是必需的(事)。由此可推知, 最后一段的目的是给出一些建议。故选B。
2.答案：1-4 ACDD
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据后文"More fresh ingredients(原料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet."(更多的新鲜食材,尤其是水果和蔬菜,更少的加工食品和更少的添加剂都是建立均衡饮食的重要因素。)可知,本句是解决不均衡的办法,所以addressing指的是"解决"。A. Tackling解决;B. Ignoring忽视;C. Maintaining维持;D. Postponing推迟。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段"Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school."(提供一份充满新鲜食材和没有人工添加剂的学校菜单对孩子们在学校的饮食有直接和有效的影响。)可知,确保学校菜单上有健康的食谱可以帮助学生建立均衡的饮食。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段"In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in comparison schools."(在"终身饮食"学校,学生不吃水果或蔬菜的可能性比其他学校的学生低三分之一。)可知,关于"生命之粮"计划是一次卓有成效的尝试。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients."(学校参与其中的一种方式是在这里提供终身服务的食物奖,这意味着至少75%的菜肴是现场用新鲜的食材制作的。)可知,终身服务的食物奖推广的是新鲜的食物。故选D。
3.答案：1-4 BACB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.可知, 本段介绍了几乎人人都有手机, 即手机的普及这一现象。故选B。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的they're keeping it as a security blanket可知, 仍然保留座机的澳大利亚人中, 有三分之一是为了将其作为一个安全保障, 所以他们并不是真正使用座机, 因此此处指三分之一的人承认座机的存在不是很有必要。admit意为"承认", 与画线词意思相近。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的...compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.可知, 出生于婴儿潮时期的一代人中有84%的人可能在50年内都使用相同的家庭电话号码, 即他们一直使用座机。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段提及的gas street lamps(煤气路灯)和morning milk deliveries(早晨牛奶递送)并结合常识可知, 作者的言外之意是座机有一天可能会走上与这两者相同的道路, 即逐渐被社会淘汰。故选B。
4.答案：1-4CBDB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的第一句可知,这位家长让作者把她当作最后的备选,也就是她不愿意做志愿者的工作。故选C。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线部分的前后文可知,作者为了劝服这位家长举了两个例子。故可知,画线部分应有 "煽情"之意。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及"the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team"可知,她最终成为了志愿者队伍中重要的一员, 即她成了一个好帮手。故选D。
4.细节理解题。题干问"作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作"。根据第四段最后两句可知,作者认为为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐,参加志愿者活动能让人感到快乐。故选B。
5.答案：1-4CADB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and achieving the meaning of your own life. 可知,你面临的教训是针对你的,学习这些教训是发现和实现你人生意义的关键。所以想要实现自己人生的意义,就要学习呈现在自己面前的种种教训。A项(收集别人的不同意见)在文中没有提及;B项(选择与众不同的道路)和D项(做和别人不一样的事情)不是实现自己人生意义的方式。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Each person has his own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's.可知,每个人都有自己的目标和独特的人生道路,都是独一无二的、不同于其他人的。由此可推断,每个人都有不同于他人的人生道路。B项(意料之外的事情通常会发生在同伴身上)、C项(痛苦的离婚必定在于经济问题)、D项(一个有钱人的婚姻一定很美满)在文中没有提及。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句You need to remember that you will only face lessons that you can learn and that are specific to your own growth.可知,你只会面临你能学到的教训,而且是针对你自身成长的。由此可知,人生中面临的教训可以帮助你成长,从而获得成功。A 项(超出你的能力范围)、B项(阻止你成长)和C项(限制你的发展)在文中都没有提及。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Everyone' circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently.可知,每个人的情况都是独一无二的,每个人都需要以不同的方式处理自己的问题。所以B项(你应该学会以不同于别人的方式处理特定的问题)正确。根据最后一段第二句Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult life path than others around you.可知,事实上,生活是不公平的,你的人生道路也许确实比你周围的人艰难。所以A项(一切事物都是平等的)不正确;C项(人们必须注意情况的不公平) 和D项(只要有可能,你就可以抱怨生活是不公平的)在文中没有提及。故选B。
6.答案:1-4 ADDA
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段大意,尤其是第一段结尾…and the current group of Chinese overseas students is younger than those in the past years. 目前的中国留学生群体比过去几年更年轻。可知近年来去往英美等国家的中国留学生年轻化。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段提到的有些中国留学生无法自律,无法毕业的问题,以及最后一段第三句But she does think both students and parents should be responsible for their own investment of both time and money.但她认为学生和家长都应该为自己的时间和金钱投资负责。可知杜认为,孩子和家长都应该对出国留学的投资负责,应该更谨慎地做决定。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句…most of them are not ready to put themselves in a completely different context at such a young age. 他们中的大多数人还没有准备好在这么小的年纪把自己放在一个完全不同的环境中。和倒数第二句…and there is another group who did not do very well in their college entrance exams, so they seek to study abroad as a solution to their troubles.还有一群高考成绩不好,所以他们寻求出国留学来解决自己的问题。以及第三段提到中国留学生缺乏自律的问题,可知有些中国留学生没有能力独立适应国外的生活和学习。故选D。
4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句As to the dismissal issue, Du said it's inevitable due to the large number of students crowding abroad. It's just not easy to ensure quality. 由于大量的学生涌入国外,保证质量是不容易。可知杜说由于学生数量多,难以保证质量,所以被大学开除的问题是"难以避免的"。A.Can't be avoided. 难以避免;B.Can't be ignored. 不可忽视;C.Can't be realized. 不能意识到;D.Can't be predicted. 不可预测。故选A。
7.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.(类似地,工业捕捞也导致了世界各地海洋生态的破坏。)"可知,造成海洋生态破坏的原因是工业捕捞。故选C。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions(排) It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂)It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right.it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.”(农业将使大片陆地和海洋回归自然,大大减少碳排放。这意味着不再使用动物,停止过度捕捞,大幅减沙砍伐森林和杀虫剂的使用。这是阻止地球毁灭的最好希望,如果做得对,这意味着每个人都能获得廉价而丰富的食物。)可知,本段主要讲述农业的好处。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"可知,作者认为在不久的将来,人们的食物来源主要是微生物。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句However, at this critical time, farming(a new kind of food technology)is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet.(然而,在这个关键时刻,农业(一种新的食品技术)正在创造拯救人类和地球的惊人可能性。)"和第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"以及第四段最后一句Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier.(食物不仅会更便宜,也会更健康。)”可知,作者认为农业可以解决人类面临的粮食危机,而且人们的主要食物来源会改变,同时食物也会更实惠更健康,以上评价都是正向的,因此最能描述作者对农业观点态度的是积极的。故选B。
8.答案:1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.B
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第一句 "About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water." 可知,世界上四分之一的人生活在水资源短缺的环境中。故选A。
2.段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是第一句 "Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages." 可知,气候变化使得水资源短缺问题更加严重。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句 "And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米)." 可知,农民可以通过种植需水量较少的作物以代替需水量大的作物以应对水资源短缺问题。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 "They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and famers to use less water." 可知,科学家们正在寻找能够鼓励人们、工厂和农民节约用水的方法。由此可推知,文章接下来会讨论如何鼓励人们节约水资源。故选B。
2
1. Off the coast of Formentera, an island, lives seagrass that stretches 15 km. The seagrass, covering several kilometers, is made up of a single organism. The grasses are also long-lived, for tens or hundreds of thousands of years. Along with two other kinds of coastal ecosystem—mangrove(红树林) swamps and tidal marshes(潮汐沼泽)—seagrass fields are particularly good at taking carbon dioxide from the air.
This role was highlighted in a report published on March 2nd by UNESCO, on "blue carbon"—the carbon stored by Earth's oceanic and coastal ecosystems. In total around 3300 million tons of carbon dioxide (about three-quarters of the world's emissions in 2019) are locked away in the planet's blue-carbon sinks. Research by Carlos Duarte, the report's author and an ecologist, has shown that one hectare of seagrass can suck as much carbon dioxide each year as 15 hectares of rainforest.
One reason that blue-carbon ecosystems make such effective sinks is that underwater forests are thicker than the land-based woods. They can also trap floating pieces and organic matter, which settles on the sea floor and can double the amount of carbon stored away. They possess another advantage, too. Climate change is leading to more wildfires around the world. As forests burn, their carbon stocks are sent back into the atmosphere. Unlike forests on land, blue-carbon ecosystems do not burn.
Blue-carbon ecosystems may not be fired, but they remain affected to other sorts of disasters. In May 2020 cyclone Amphan destroyed 1200 square kilometres of mangrove forests. A marine heatwave in Australian waters in 2010 and 2011 damaged around one third of the world's largest seagrass field in Shark Bay. Mangrove forests can weaken or control waves and provide natural barriers to storm surges. Protecting and expanding them, then, appears to be a must.
1.What do the blue-carbon ecosystems consist of
A.The carbon stored in coastal ecosystems.
B.Seagrass living off the coast of Formentera.
C.A single organism, seagrass fields and forests on land.
D.Seagrass fields, mangrove swamps and tidal marshes.
2.What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A.The concrete role of "blue carbon". B.The special features of the seagrass.
C.The storage ability of the blue-carbon sinks. D.The findings about the blue-carbon ecosystems.
3.Why can the blue-carbon ecosystems make such effective sinks
A.Because they have greater absorbing ability.
B.Because they aren't influenced by disasters.
C.Because their carbon stocks are released back.
D.Because there is more carbon in water than on land.
4.What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A.To add background information. B.To give suggestions.
C.To list influential examples. D.To offer scientific data.
2. One in five children starting primary school in the UK are overweight. By the time they leave school, that figure will rise to one in three. The chance of them being overweight in adulthood, which brings a range of associated health risks, is high, at 50-75%.
The root cause of diet-related fatness is no secret: an energy imbalance between the quantity of food being consumed and the level of physical activity being conducted. Addressing this imbalance needs to be, in part, a review of our diet. More fresh ingredients(原料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet.
The Department of Health has recognized that a collective approach, rather than just individual behavior change, is a successful way of achieving this. Universal adjustments like a blanket decrease in sugar content influence the way we eat through the choices available to us.
Applying this approach to school kitchens makes sense. They have an important role to play in maintaining healthy diets. Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school.
Ifs an area the Soil Association consistently works to handle through its Food for Life program —working with schools to transform food culture, improve food education and encourage lasting changes to the way schools think about food. It works. In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in comparison schools.
One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients. It encourages local seasonal produce and, at silver or gold level, requires a commitment to environmentally friendly produce. At its heart, the award is designed to support health and enhance food understanding.
Over 50% of English primary schools have such an award already, serving around 1.7 million meals each day to over 10,000 schools and it's a figure we'll see grow.
1.What does the underlined word "addressing" in paragraph 2 mean
A.Tackling. B.Ignoring. C.Maintaining. D.Postponing.
2.Which approach will work for students to build a balanced diet
A.Stopping them eating alone in schools.
B.Getting them aware of the harm of fatness.
C.Ensuring healthy recipes on school menus.
D.Increasing the availability and flavor of food.
3.What can we say about the Food for Life program
A.It's a heavy load on schools. B.It's complicated to operate.
C.It's a temporary project. D.It's a fruitful attempt.
4.Which type of food may the Food for Life Served Here award promote
A.Sugary snacks. B.First-class sausages.
C.High-quality imported beef. D.Freshly picked organic beans.
3. When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline(座机)
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A.Their target users. B.Their wide popularity.
C.Their major functions. D.Their complex design.
2.What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean
A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
3.What can we say about Baby Boomers
A.They like smartphone games. B.They enjoy guessing callers' identity.
C.They keep using landline phones. D.They are attached to their family.
4.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A.It remains a family necessity. B.It will fall out of use some day.
C.It may increase daily expenses. D.It is as important as the gas light.
4. "You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it." This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse(长曲棍球) club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I'll do it."
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
1. What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1
A. She knows little about the club. B. She isn't good at sports.
C. She just doesn't want to volunteer. D. She's unable to meet her schedule.
2. What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean
A. Encourage teamwork. B. Appeal to feelings.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
3. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3
A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She'll work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper.
4. Why does the author like doing volunteer work
A. It gives her a sense of duty. B. It makes her very happy.
C. It enables her to work hard. D. It brings her material rewards.
5.You are a member in a full-time school called "life", Each day here you will have the opportunity to learn lessons. You may like the lessons or hate them, but you have designed them as part of your curriculum.
Why are you here What is your purpose Humans have sought to discover the meaning of life for a very long time. What we and our ancestors have to overlook is that there is no answer. The meaning of life is different for every individual.
Each person has his own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's. As you are travelling your life path, you will be presented with numerous lessons you will need to learn in order to achieve that purpose. The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and achieving the meaning of your own life.
As you are travelling through your lifetime, you may meet challenging lessons that others don't have to face, while others spend years struggling with challenges that you don't need to deal with. You may never know why you are blessed with a wonderful marriage, while your friends suffer painful divorces, just as you cannot be sure why you struggle financially while your peers enjoy abundance. The only thing you can count on is that you will be presented with all the lessons that you specifically need to learn.
The challenge, therefore, is to connect yourself with your own unique path by learning individual lessons. This is one of the most difficult challenges you will face in your lifetime, as sometimes your path will be different from others'. But don't compare your path with that of people around you and focus on the differences between their lessons and yours. You need to remember that you will only face lessons that you can learn and that are specific to your own growth.
Our sense of fairness is the expectation of equality. Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult life path than others around you. Everyone's circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently.
1. According to the passage, how can the meaning of your life be realized
A. Gathering different opinions from others.
B. Taking the distinct path from others'.
C. Learning the lessons presented to you.
D. Doing the different things from others'.
2. From the passage we can conclude _____.
A. everyone has his own track to follow
B. unexpected things usually happen to the peers
C. a painful divorce must lie in financial problems
D. a wealthy man must have a wonderful marriage
3. In your lifetime, the lessons you are faced with _____.
A. are beyond your power
B. stop you from growing
C. limit your development
D. help you with your success
4. Which of the following is TRUE
A. All things are equal.
B. You should learn to deal with specific problems differently from others.
C. One has to fix his mind on the unfairness of circumstances.
D. You can complain life is unfair whenever possible.
6. According to the Study Abroad Trend Report for 2018, conducted by Chinese education website , the number of Chinese students who study abroad to gain a bachelor's degree or below is rising, and the current group of Chinese overseas students is younger than those in the past years.
Du Xiying, a Beijing-based study-abroad agent, has first-hand experience working with this younger crop of students. "When I started this job some 10 years ago, almost all cases were filed by college graduates trying to apply for a master's degree in the US, UK, Australia and Canada," said Du. "Now quite a number of my clients are high school graduates, and my company even employed some experienced consultants to satisfy the increasing need of college-bound Chinese students." However, in the eyes of Du, most of them are not ready to put themselves in a completely different context at such a young age. Although there are no statistics available, according to Du's observations, college-bound high school graduates from China fall into two groups. There is a group of students from well-off families, with good grades and excellent command of English, and there is another group who did not do very well in their college entrance exams, so they seek to study abroad as a solution to their troubles. "In recent years, with the financial ability of Chinese families growing with the country's development, buying into college is very common," said Du.
Complaints come from both destination schools in the US and parents of students. Going abroad at a young age needs a great deal of discipline(自律), and college students don't usually live at home-stays so they are free from management. A considerable quantity of students have ended with being dismissed(开除).
As to the dismissal issue, Du said it's inevitable due to the large number of students crowding abroad. It's just not easy to ensure quality. But she does think both students and parents should be responsible for their own investment of both time and money. "The worst case is that a family throws out 1 million yuan for their child to come home with nothing, not even fluent English," said Du.
1.What change is mentioned in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2？
A. The age of Chinese students studying abroad is getting younger.
B. More Chinese students studying abroad are getting a master's degree.
C. Excellent students prefer studying abroad to taking college entrance exams.
D. Chinese students' grades are improving due to professional consultants' help.
2.Which opinion does Du probably agree with？
A. Most young students are qualified to study abroad.
B. Buying into schools could be a good solution to students' problems.
C. Destination schools should be responsible for the management of students.
D. Parents and students should be cautious about the decision to study abroad.
3.Why do some students fail in their oversea study？
A. They are not financially supported.
B. They are rejected by destination schools.
C. They can't live up to their parents' expectations.
D. They can't live and study abroad independently.
4.What does the underlined word "inevitable" in paragraph 4 mean？
A. Can't be avoided. B. Can't be ignored.
C. Can't be realized. D. Can't be predicted.
7. Climate breakdown threatens to cause a global food production crisis. The UN forecasts that by 2050, feeding the world will require a 20% expansion in global water use for agriculture. It is hard to see how agriculture can feed the population of the planet, let alone toward the end of the century and beyond. Agriculture is a major cause of climate breakdown, and both river and air pollution. Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.
However, at this critical time, farming (a new kind of food technology) is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet. Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions (排放物). It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides (杀虫剂). It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right, it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.
We are about to welcome one of the biggest economic transformations, of any kind, for 200 years. Arguments continue about plants against meat-based diets; however, new technologies will soon make these arguments irrelevant. Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms (微生物).
Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier. Due to the fact that farming creates food products built up from simple components rather than broken down from complex ones, hard fats and other unhealthy components can be screened out. Meat will still be meat, but it will be grown in factories rather than in the bodies of animals. Fats will still be fats, but food is likely to be better, cheaper and much less damaging to the living planet.
1.What is the major cause of sea ecological breakdown
A.Food production. B.Global farming.
C.Industrial fishing. D.Climate breakdown.
2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ferming
A.Its benefits. B.Its security. C.Its research. D.Its limits.
3.What will provide the majority of food in the near future
A.Sea animals. B.Wild plants. C.Micro-organisms. D.Farm products.
4.Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude to ferming
A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Unclear.
8. Water keeps us alive. When it runs out, we have a problem.
About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water. Seventeen countries around the world are dealing with high-water stress. This means they are using almost all the water they have access to. Many are dry countries. Some waste much of their water. Some may currently use too much of their groundwater that they should be saving. Several big cities face acute shortages. These include Sao Paulo, Brazil; Chennai, India; and Cape Town, South Africa. A year ago, Cape Town faced Day Zero—the day when all its dams would be dry.
Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages. Rainfall is less steady. The water supply becomes less reliable. The days grow hotter. More water evaporates(蒸发) from lakes and rivers even as demand for water increases. By 2030, the number of cities in the high-stress category may have risen to 45 and include almost 470 million people.
All over the world, farmers compete with city residents for water. Rich urban places, such as Los Angeles, use too much water for pools and golf courses. But the worst problem is the growth of cities. Bangalore, India, for example, had a few years with little rain. It built over its many lakes or filled them with city waste. The lakes are no longer the rain water storage tanks they once were. Bangalore now imports water. A lot of the imported water, however, gets lost on the way to Bangalore.
To address this issue, what can be done First, cities can plug leaks in their water distribution system. Wastewater can be recycled. Rain can be harvested and saved for hard times. Lakes and wetlands can be cleaned up and old wells can be restored. And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米). Experts are looking for ways to reduce the number of people on the planet. They are looking for ways to reduce the size of cities. They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and farmers to use less water.
1.What can we know from Paragraph 2
A.A quarter of the world's population is living with water shortages.
B.Nearly all countries are facing acute water shortages now.
C.Underground water should be used to meet the water demand.
D.Measures have been taken to deal with the water shortage in India.
2.What is the main idea of the third paragraph
A.Rainfall is not as steady as before.
B.Climate change may lead to water shortages.
C.The water supply relies more on rainfall.
D.Hotter weather changes the water demand.
3.What can farmers do to deal with water shortage
A.Plug leaks in the water distribution system.
B.Clean up lakes and wetlands and restore wells.
C.Reduce the number of people in the cities.
D.Grow less-water consumption crops instead.
4.What will be discussed if the passage continues
A.How to prevent from climate change.
B.How to inspire people to save water.
C.How to recycle wastewater in cities.
D.How to make people get access to clean water.
答案以及解析
1.答案：1-4 DCAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"Along with two other kinds of coastal ecosystem—mangrove(红树林) swamps and tidal marshes(潮汐沼泽)—seagrass fields are particularly good at taking carbon dioxide from the air."可知, 海草床, 还有另外两种沿海生态系统—红树林沼泽和潮汐沼泽, 尤其擅长从空气中吸收二氧化碳; 结合第二段第一句中的"on 'blue carbon'—the carbon stored by Earth's oceanic and coastal ecosystems"可知, "蓝碳"是地球海洋和沿海生态系统储存的碳。由此可知, 海草床、红树林沼泽和潮汐沼泽构成了蓝碳生态系统。故选D。
2.段落大意题。根据第二段第二、三句可知, 总共约有330亿吨二氧化碳(约占2019年全球排放量的四分之三)被锁在地球的蓝碳汇中。该报告的作者、海洋生态学家Carlos Duarte的研究表明, 一公顷海草每年吸收的二氧化碳相当于15公顷雨林每年吸收的二氧化碳。由此可知, 本段主要介绍了蓝碳汇的储存能力。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知, 蓝碳生态系统之所以会产生如此有效的碳汇, 其中一个原因是水下森林比陆上森林的密度更大。它们还能捕获漂浮在海底的碎片和有机物, 使碳的储存量增加一倍。由此可推知, 蓝碳生态系统之所以会产生如此有效的碳汇是因为它们有更强大的储存能力。故选A。
4.目的意图题。根据最后一段内容可知, 最后一段先列举了蓝碳生态系统受到的危害; 最后两句表明: 红树林可以削弱或抑制海浪并为风暴潮提供天然屏障。因此, 保护红树林并扩大红树林的(种植)面积似乎是必需的(事)。由此可推知, 最后一段的目的是给出一些建议。故选B。
2.答案：1-4 ACDD
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据后文"More fresh ingredients(原料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet."(更多的新鲜食材,尤其是水果和蔬菜,更少的加工食品和更少的添加剂都是建立均衡饮食的重要因素。)可知,本句是解决不均衡的办法,所以addressing指的是"解决"。A. Tackling解决;B. Ignoring忽视;C. Maintaining维持;D. Postponing推迟。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段"Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school."(提供一份充满新鲜食材和没有人工添加剂的学校菜单对孩子们在学校的饮食有直接和有效的影响。)可知,确保学校菜单上有健康的食谱可以帮助学生建立均衡的饮食。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第四段"In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in comparison schools."(在"终身饮食"学校,学生不吃水果或蔬菜的可能性比其他学校的学生低三分之一。)可知,关于"生命之粮"计划是一次卓有成效的尝试。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段"One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients."(学校参与其中的一种方式是在这里提供终身服务的食物奖,这意味着至少75%的菜肴是现场用新鲜的食材制作的。)可知,终身服务的食物奖推广的是新鲜的食物。故选D。
3.答案：1-4 BACB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.可知, 本段介绍了几乎人人都有手机, 即手机的普及这一现象。故选B。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的they're keeping it as a security blanket可知, 仍然保留座机的澳大利亚人中, 有三分之一是为了将其作为一个安全保障, 所以他们并不是真正使用座机, 因此此处指三分之一的人承认座机的存在不是很有必要。admit意为"承认", 与画线词意思相近。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的...compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.可知, 出生于婴儿潮时期的一代人中有84%的人可能在50年内都使用相同的家庭电话号码, 即他们一直使用座机。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段提及的gas street lamps(煤气路灯)和morning milk deliveries(早晨牛奶递送)并结合常识可知, 作者的言外之意是座机有一天可能会走上与这两者相同的道路, 即逐渐被社会淘汰。故选B。
4.答案：1-4CBDB
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的第一句可知,这位家长让作者把她当作最后的备选,也就是她不愿意做志愿者的工作。故选C。
2.词义猜测题。根据画线部分的前后文可知,作者为了劝服这位家长举了两个例子。故可知,画线部分应有 "煽情"之意。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段中这位家长作出的贡献及"the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team"可知,她最终成为了志愿者队伍中重要的一员, 即她成了一个好帮手。故选D。
4.细节理解题。题干问"作者为什么喜欢做志愿者工作"。根据第四段最后两句可知,作者认为为社区做贡献可以带来真正的快乐,参加志愿者活动能让人感到快乐。故选B。
5.答案：1-4CADB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The lessons you are presented with are specific to you; learning these lessons is the key to discovering and achieving the meaning of your own life. 可知,你面临的教训是针对你的,学习这些教训是发现和实现你人生意义的关键。所以想要实现自己人生的意义,就要学习呈现在自己面前的种种教训。A项(收集别人的不同意见)在文中没有提及;B项(选择与众不同的道路)和D项(做和别人不一样的事情)不是实现自己人生意义的方式。故选C。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Each person has his own purpose and distinct path, unique and separate from anyone else's.可知,每个人都有自己的目标和独特的人生道路,都是独一无二的、不同于其他人的。由此可推断,每个人都有不同于他人的人生道路。B项(意料之外的事情通常会发生在同伴身上)、C项(痛苦的离婚必定在于经济问题)、D项(一个有钱人的婚姻一定很美满)在文中没有提及。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句You need to remember that you will only face lessons that you can learn and that are specific to your own growth.可知,你只会面临你能学到的教训,而且是针对你自身成长的。由此可知,人生中面临的教训可以帮助你成长,从而获得成功。A 项(超出你的能力范围)、B项(阻止你成长)和C项(限制你的发展)在文中都没有提及。故选D。
4.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Everyone' circumstances are unique, and everyone needs to handle his or her own circumstances differently.可知,每个人的情况都是独一无二的,每个人都需要以不同的方式处理自己的问题。所以B项(你应该学会以不同于别人的方式处理特定的问题)正确。根据最后一段第二句Life is not, in fact, fair, and you may indeed have a more difficult life path than others around you.可知,事实上,生活是不公平的,你的人生道路也许确实比你周围的人艰难。所以A项(一切事物都是平等的)不正确;C项(人们必须注意情况的不公平) 和D项(只要有可能,你就可以抱怨生活是不公平的)在文中没有提及。故选B。
6.答案:1-4 ADDA
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段大意,尤其是第一段结尾…and the current group of Chinese overseas students is younger than those in the past years. 目前的中国留学生群体比过去几年更年轻。可知近年来去往英美等国家的中国留学生年轻化。故选A。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段提到的有些中国留学生无法自律,无法毕业的问题,以及最后一段第三句But she does think both students and parents should be responsible for their own investment of both time and money.但她认为学生和家长都应该为自己的时间和金钱投资负责。可知杜认为,孩子和家长都应该对出国留学的投资负责,应该更谨慎地做决定。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句…most of them are not ready to put themselves in a completely different context at such a young age. 他们中的大多数人还没有准备好在这么小的年纪把自己放在一个完全不同的环境中。和倒数第二句…and there is another group who did not do very well in their college entrance exams, so they seek to study abroad as a solution to their troubles.还有一群高考成绩不好,所以他们寻求出国留学来解决自己的问题。以及第三段提到中国留学生缺乏自律的问题,可知有些中国留学生没有能力独立适应国外的生活和学习。故选D。
4.词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句As to the dismissal issue, Du said it's inevitable due to the large number of students crowding abroad. It's just not easy to ensure quality. 由于大量的学生涌入国外,保证质量是不容易。可知杜说由于学生数量多,难以保证质量,所以被大学开除的问题是"难以避免的"。A.Can't be avoided. 难以避免;B.Can't be ignored. 不可忽视;C.Can't be realized. 不能意识到;D.Can't be predicted. 不可预测。故选A。
7.答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Industrial fishing is similarly driving ecological collapse in seas around the world.(类似地,工业捕捞也导致了世界各地海洋生态的破坏。)"可知,造成海洋生态破坏的原因是工业捕捞。故选C。
2.主旨大意题。根据第二段Farming will enable the return of vast areas of land and sea to nature, greatly reducing carbon emissions(排) It means an end to the employment of animals, a stop to overfishing, and a dramatic reduction in cutting down forests and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂)It is the best hope for stopping the destruction of the planet and, if it is done right.it means cheap and abundant food for everyone.”(农业将使大片陆地和海洋回归自然,大大减少碳排放。这意味着不再使用动物,停止过度捕捞,大幅减沙砍伐森林和杀虫剂的使用。这是阻止地球毁灭的最好希望,如果做得对,这意味着每个人都能获得廉价而丰富的食物。)可知,本段主要讲述农业的好处。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"可知,作者认为在不久的将来,人们的食物来源主要是微生物。故选C。
4.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句However, at this critical time, farming(a new kind of food technology)is creating astonishing possibilities to save both people and the planet.(然而,在这个关键时刻,农业(一种新的食品技术)正在创造拯救人类和地球的惊人可能性。)"和第三段最后一句“Before long, most food will come neither from animals nor plants, but from micro-organisms(微生物)。(不久以后,大多数食品不是来自动物和植物而是微生物。)"以及第四段最后一句Not only will food be cheaper, it will also be healthier.(食物不仅会更便宜,也会更健康。)”可知,作者认为农业可以解决人类面临的粮食危机,而且人们的主要食物来源会改变,同时食物也会更实惠更健康,以上评价都是正向的,因此最能描述作者对农业观点态度的是积极的。故选B。
8.答案:1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.B
解析:1.细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是第一句 "About one out of four people on the planet are facing a shortage of water." 可知,世界上四分之一的人生活在水资源短缺的环境中。故选A。
2.段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是第一句 "Climate change adds to the risk of water shortages." 可知,气候变化使得水资源短缺问题更加严重。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句 "And farmers can switch from water-intensive crops like rice to less-thirsty crops like millet(小米)." 可知,农民可以通过种植需水量较少的作物以代替需水量大的作物以应对水资源短缺问题。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 "They are looking for ways to encourage people, factories and famers to use less water." 可知,科学家们正在寻找能够鼓励人们、工厂和农民节约用水的方法。由此可推知,文章接下来会讨论如何鼓励人们节约水资源。故选B。
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