人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction语法练习（含解析）

2023年新人教版高二英语选择性必修第四册Unit 1 语法练习（被动语态）
单项选择
1.If we use the new recycling method, a large number of trees __________.
A. will be saved B. will save
C. are saved D. have saved
2.The moment she ________ the winner of the English speech competition, she jumped with joy.
A. declared B. is declared
C. declares D. was declared
3.The author's latest book The Evening and The Morning sold millions of copies as soon as it______.
A. had published B. has been published
C. was published D. published
4.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ______ each year.
A.is washing away
B. is being washed away
C. are washing away
D. are being washed away
5.The manager found that his office _________ the day before.
A. had broken in
B. has been broken into
C. had been broken into
D. has been broken in
6.All his attention________ on what the teacher was saying, so he even didn't notice what was happening outside the classroom.
A. fixed B. was fixed
C. was fixing D. has been fixed
7.On the last day of their week-long stay John, as well as his friends, ________ to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
A. invited B. was invited
C. were invited D. had been invited
8.In the past many years, the giant panda ________ out of the lowland areas where it once lived as a result of farming, deforestation and other development.
A. had been driven B. has been driven
C. had driven D. has driven
9.The quality of a processed food largely ________ the raw material and the way it ________.
A. relies on; processes
B. depends on; processes
C. decides on; is processed
D. depends on; is processed
10.--Why don’t you ride your bicycle today
--Oh, it broke down. It ______ now.
A. is being repaired
B. is repaired
C. was repaired
D. will be repaired
11.___________ to compete in the Olympic Games for the first time
A. When do you suppose women were allowed
B. When do you suppose women allowed
C. When do you suppose were women allowed
D. Do you suppose when women were allowed
12.After he retired from office, Rogers _________ painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
A. took up B. saved up
C. kept up D. drew up
13.—Can he get the first prize for running in this sports meeting
—Impossible now. He ______ to do so, but he hurt his leg yesterday.
A. is expected
B. had been expected
C. was expected D. would expect
14.A great number of colleges and universities _____ since 1949.
A. has been establish
B. have been established
C. have established
D. had been established
15.Now a lot of new technology can ________ problems in industry.
A. be applied to solve
B. be applied to solving
C. apply to solve
D. apply to solving
二、完成句子
1.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.（2022浙江1月卷）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane _________ (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
3.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind
4.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _______ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
5.（2021浙江1月卷）It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
6.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect order.
7.（2020新高考）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms.
8.（2020全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
9.（2020北京卷）Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they_________ (throw) away.
10．（2023秋·山东济宁·高三统考期末）The investigation report_______ (write)and it will be finished soon.
11．（2023秋·山东济宁·高三统考期末）It is recommended that detailed eye examination_______ (do)every six months.
12．（2023秋·广东广州·高三广州市第一中学校考阶段练习）So far, most of our export goods _____________(transport) by ship.
13．（2023秋·广东广州·高三广州市第一中学校考阶段练习）According to the latest security reports, millions of PC users don't even know they _____________(threaten).
14．（2023秋·广东广州·高三广州市第一中学校考阶段练习）In recent years, much research _____________(conduct) on the wildlife protection.
15．（2022秋·江苏南通·高三校联考阶段练习）The club _______(regard)as the GHS Green Team, and its aim is to raise awareness about environmental sustainability.
16．（2023秋·吉林长春·高三长春市第六中学校考期末）Over 2200 years ago, Chengdu ________ (threat) by frequent floods.
17．（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）The World Cup is the most watched soccer match in the world. It was first held in 1930 and ________ (organize) every four years by FIFA, the Federation International de Football Association.
18．（2023秋·吉林长春·高三长春市解放大路学校校考期末）In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always ________(approve) of.
19．（2023秋·吉林长春·高三长春市解放大路学校校考期末）A Sichuan restaurant ________(recommend) to us by a friend, and finally, we found it.
20．（2022秋·江苏徐州·高三统考期末）Since the launch of the Chinese Space Station, twelve astronauts ________(send) to work in it.
21．（2022秋·浙江宁波·高三效实中学校考期中）We should advocate that smoking ________ (ban) on campus.
22．（2023秋·北京·高三北京市十一学校校考期末）After graduation, I decided to make a difference to our society, so I became a volunteer teacher and __________ (send) to a remote village.
23．（2023秋·江苏无锡·高三江苏省江阴高级中学校考期末）Everyone ________ (alarm) at the news recently that two lions ran away from the zoo.
24．（2023秋·重庆长寿·高三重庆市长寿中学校校考期末）The manager requested that no one ________ (tell) of his decision until the next meeting.
25．（2022秋·广东东莞·高三东莞市东华高级中学校考期末）Since the project started, nearly 500,000 high-quality digital photographs ________ (produce).
26．（2023秋·吉林长春·高三校考期末）Right now the road ahead is________(repair), so we have to take another way.
27．（2023秋·山东淄博·高三山东省淄博实验中学校考期末）The International Day of Families, which ________ (set) by the United Nations in 1993, is held on 15 May every year.
28．（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）Is it possible that human workers ______ (replace) by robots in the near future
29．（2023·广东广州·高三执信中学校考期末）The company ________(found) in 1997, mainly engaged in digging machine repair.
30．（2023秋·北京西城·高三统考期末）Last year, hundreds of companies ______ (attract) to the International Import Expo.
三、语法填空
（2023·黑龙江大庆·统考二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“There is no place like it on the planet. The large amount of ____1____ (creative) we find in Dunhuang spans (跨越) a thousand-year period,” said Neil Schmid, resident scholar at the Dunhuang Academy.
Due to its great significance, China has recently launched ____2____ cultural heritage platform supported by blockchain technology to share digital materials of the Dunhuang Grottoes (石窟).
The platform was ____3____ (joint) developed by the Dunhuang Academy and Chinese tech giant Tencent. On this platform, people around the world can ____4____ (permit) to use more than 6,500 pieces of high-definition materials in real-time.
Previously, visitors ____5____ (need) to wait for a week to get such permission. But the establishment of the digital platform helps online visitors get out of otherwise complex procedures and have ____6____ (easy) access to Dunhuang.
In addition, online visitors are welcome to use these digital materials ____7____ (design) their own cultural and creative products. In this way, designers can not only receive profit ____8____ their work, but also spread awareness of Dunhuang in creative ways.
“This is a pioneering project for ____9____ (offer) digital resources services in the cultural relic field, ____10____ could promote sustainable development of resource use,” said Luo Jing, an official with the National Cultural Heritage Administration.
参考答案：
一、1.答案：A
解析：本题考查时态。从句用一般现在时代替的是将来时态, 主句用一般将来时, 再根据树是被拯救, 故用被动。选A。
2.答案：D
解析：the moment为连词，意为"一……就"，分析句子可知declare为从句的谓语动词，且she与declare为被动关系，故应为be declared;根据主句的jumped可知，此句为一般过去时，应用was declared。故选：D。
3.答案：C
解析：根据句意"这位作家的新书《黄昏与晨曦》一出版就卖出了几百万本"以及sold可知用一般过去时，且book与publish是被动关系，因此用was published。故选：C。
4.答案：D
解析：根据句义可以知道大量的肥沃土壤正在被冲走，所以用现在进行时态的被动语态，当huge quantities of good earth做主语时，谓语用复数，所以答案是D. are being washed away.其他选项中，AC表示主动；B与主语不符。
5.答案：C
解析：本题考查时态和语态。found是过去,break into应是过去的过去,故过去完成时。break in是不及物动词,不用被动语态。
6.答案：B
解析：根据下文中didn't notice可知，前文要用一般过去时，排除D项，且attention与fix之间是动宾关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态，排除A、C项，只有B项正确。故选：B。
7.答案：B
解析：考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在他们为期一周的逗留的最后一天，约翰和他的朋友们被邀请到北岸一个美丽的农场，在星空下听一场私人音乐会。当主语后接介词短语as well as并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和介词短语前的主语保持一致。本句中主语John，as well as his friends与谓语invite构成被动关系，结合语境可知为一般过去时的被动语态，且与John保持一致，用单数。故选B。
8.答案：B
解析：考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的许多年里，由于农业、森林砍伐和其他发展，大熊猫被赶出了曾经生活过的低地。分析可知，空格处为谓语，动词drive和主语the giant panda之间是被动关系，根据句意和时间状语In the past many years，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B项。
9.答案：D
解析：考查词组辨析和被动语态,第一空填depend on“取决于”,第二空填is processed,因为食品是被加工,句意是:加工食品的质量主要取决于原材料和加工过程。选D。
10.答案：A
解析：此题考查动词的时态。It指代bicycle，与repair之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，表被动，所以选用被动语态。根据时间状语now可知使用现在进行时的被动语态，所以答案为A项。
11.答案：A
解析：首先排除D项，疑问词应当放在句首。do you suppose为插入语，其后语序为陈述句语序；而且， women和allow之间为动宾关系，故使用被动语态，排除B和C项。
12.答案：A
解析：由后置语境"but soon lost interest"可知,A项正确。take up开始做;save up储蓄;keep up使处于高水平;draw up起草,拟定。
13.答案：B
解析：首先确定是被动语态;由句意可知在他腿受伤之前他"被希望",发生在过去,所以用一般过去时。
14.答案：B
解析：根据句中时间状语since1949可知应使用现在完成时，a number of修饰可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数，colleges and universities和establish是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动。故选B.
15.答案：B
解析：考查被动语态和短语用法的用法。句意：现在有很多新技术可以被运用到解决工业问题中。根据句意可知， apply to n./doing，是固定搭配，意为“运用于”，又因为a lot of new technology和apply是被动关系，故构成被动语态的结构，故选B。
二、1. is designed
【解析】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
2. is viewed或has been viewed
【解析】
考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
3. be appreciated
【解析】
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。
4. was built
【解析】
句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
5. is considered
【解析】
考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析，前面有and连接，所以and 后面的句子是需要有完整谓语的，BMI属于专有名词，用谓语is considered 即可。
6. was painted
【解析】
考查被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据上文的was built可知，此处为一般过去时态；一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以要用was，提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
7. are called
【解析】
考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用，应使用一般现在时；主语与call是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
8. be chosen
【解析】
考查动词时态及语态。句意：画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词choose构成被动关系，且would后跟动词原形。故填be chosen。
9. are thrown
【解析】
考查时态语态。句意：一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语they（Single-use plastic bags ）和谓语动词throw之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
10．is being written
【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：调查报告正在撰写中，很快就会完成。分析句意可知，此处用现在进行时的被动语态表示报告“正在被撰写”符合语境。故答案为is being written。
11．be done##should be done
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：建议每六个月做一次详细的眼部检查。分析句子结构可知，此处是It is recommended that句型中，主语从句中应该用虚拟语气，动词形式为（should)+ 动词原形， should 可以省略，又从句中主语是eye examination和do之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。故填(should)be done。
12．have been transported
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，我们的大部分出口货物都是用船运输的。设空处为谓语，和主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语So far可知应用现在完成时，主语是most of our export goods，谓语用复数形式，故填have been transported。
13．are being threatened
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：根据最新的安全报告，数以百万计的PC用户甚至不知道他们正在受到威胁。分析可知设空处为谓语，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据主句时态和语境，可知强调目前的状态，应用现在进行时，主语是they，谓语用复数，故填are being threatened。
14．has been conducted
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：近年来，人们对野生动物保护进行了大量的研究。分析句子可知，conduct作谓语，与主语research是被动关系，由时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，且主语much research是不可数名词，故填has been conducted。
15．is regarded
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：该俱乐部被视为GHS绿色团队，其目标是提高对环境可持续性的认识。分析句子结构可知，此处应填谓语动词，根据and后面句子中的is可知，此处应为一般现在时态，regard意为“认为”与主语club之间为被动关系，主语club为单数，所以谓语动词应为单数。故填is regarded。
16．was threatened
【详解】考查谓语动词时态和语态。句意：2200多年前，成都经常遭受洪水的威胁。分析句子可知，本句缺谓语，因此先将所给名词threat改为动词threaten“威胁”；根据时间状语Over 2200 years ago可知，时态用一般过去时；Chengdu与threaten之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词应用was。故填was threatened。
17．is organized
【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：世界杯是世界上观看人数最多的足球比赛。它于1930年首次举办，由国际足联每四年举办一次。分析句子结构可知，本句含有两个句子，空格处是第二个句子中谓语部分，第二句中有两个谓语，第一个是用的一般过去时的被动语态，第二空后面的时间状语是every four years，所以用一般现在时，主语和organize之间是被动关系，主语是it，是单数，所以后面被动语态中的be动词用is。故填is organized。
18．approved
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：相比之下，在其他国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可的。分析句子可知，本句谓语不完整，结合句意，需使用被动语态，即“be done”结构，因此填approved，is approved是谓语动词一般现在时的被动语态。故填approved。
19．had been recommended
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一个朋友向我们推荐了一家四川餐馆，最后我们找到了。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been recommended。
20．have been sent
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：自从中国空间站发射以来，已经有12名宇航员被送往空间站工作。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以send做本句谓语，主语是astronauts，为复数，和send构成被动关系，应该用被动语态，根据标志词since，应该用现在完成时，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been sent。
21．should be banned##be banned
【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：我们应该提倡校园内禁止吸烟。advocate意为“提倡”，在其后的宾语从句中应用（should）do的虚拟语气。动词ban意为“禁止”，和主语smoking构成被动关系。故填(should) be banned。
22．was sent
【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：毕业后，我决定改变我们的社会，所以我成为了一名志愿者教师，并被派往一个偏远的村庄。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词形式与became并列，主语I为单数，根据became可知，此处使用一般过去时态，结合句意，主语与send之间为被动关系。故填was sent。
23．was alarmed
【详解】考查谓语的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：最近两只狮子从动物园跑了的消息使每个人都感到震惊。分析句子可知，主句缺谓语，everyone与alarm“使不安，使恐慌”之间是被动关系，且当everyone做主语时，谓语用单数；结合句意和从句谓语ran可知，主句谓语用一般过去时，因此填was alarmed。也可将alarmed看作形容词化的分词，be alarmed at是固定短语，意为“被……吓一跳，对……感到恐慌”。故填was alarmed。
24．be told##should be told
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理要求在下次会议之前不要告诉任何人他的决定。分析句子结构和意思可知，that引导的是requested的宾语从句，从句谓语要用should+动词原形的虚拟语气结构，should可以省略。从句主语no one和动词tell是被动的关系，所以谓语动词要用被动结构。故填(should) be told。
25．have been produced
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：自项目启动以来，已经制作了近50万张高质量的数码照片。根据Since the project started可知，主句用现在完成时。主语digital photographs与produce之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been produced。
26．being repaired
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：前面那条路现在正在被维修，所以我们必须走另外一条路。分析句意可知，因为时间状语right now“现在”表示现在，而主语the road“那条路”与谓语动词repair为被动关系。谓语动词repair“修复”应该使用现在进行时的被动语态，即is being done；故填being repairing。
27．was set
【详解】考查时态语态。句意：国际家庭日是联合国在1993年设立的，定于每年5月15日。根据“which”可知，非限制性定语从句缺谓语动词，时间状语是“ in 1993”，用一般过去时，从句中作主语的which指代先行词“The International Day of Families”和“set”之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填was set。
28．will be replaced
【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：有没有可能在不久的将来人类工人将会被机器人取代？分析句意可知此处主语human workers “人类工人”和谓语动词replace“取代”构成被动关系，且时间状语in the near future表明谓语动词使用一般将来时，故谓语动词需要使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be replaced。
29．was founded
【详解】考查动词语态。句意：公司成立于1997年，主要从事挖掘机维修。此处作谓语动词，与主语company是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，由in 1997可知，动作发生在过去，应用被动语态。故填was founded。
30．were attracted
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：去年，数百家公司被吸引去参加国际进口博览会。根据句意可知，此处需要谓语动词，时间状语是“Last year”，要用一般过去时。主语“hundreds of companies ”和“attract”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态be done, 主语是复数,所以be动词用were。故填were attracted。
三、1．creativity 2．a 3．jointly 4．be permitted 5．needed 6．easier
7．to design 8．from 9．offering 10．which
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是鉴于敦煌石窟的重大意义，中国最近推出了一个以区块链技术为支撑的文化遗产平台，共享敦煌石窟的数字资料。
1．考查名词。句意：“地球上没有这样的地方。我们在敦煌发现的大量创造力跨越了一千年的时间，”敦煌研究院常驻学者Neil Schmid说。空格处用名词作宾语，根据语境可知，此处表示“我们在敦煌发现的大量创造力跨越了一千年的时间”，空格处意为“创造力”，名词是creativity，是不可数名词，故填creativity。
2．考查冠词。句意：鉴于敦煌石窟的重大意义，中国最近推出了一个以区块链技术为支撑的文化遗产平台，共享敦煌石窟的数字资料。platform是可数名词，表泛指“一个平台”，前面加不定冠词，cultural是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a，故填a。
3．考查副词。句意：该平台由敦煌研究院和中国科技巨头腾讯联合开发。空格处用副词修饰动词developed，joint的副词是jointly，意为“共同地”，故填jointly。
4．考查动词语态。句意：在这个平台上，世界各地的人们可以实时使用6500多件高清材料。人们是被允许使用6500多件高清材料，句子用被动语态，空前有情态动词can，因此空格处是be done，故填be permitted。
5．考查动词时态。句意：此前，访客需要等待一周才能获得此类许可。由“Previously”可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填needed。
6．考查比较级。句意：但数字平台的建立帮助在线游客摆脱了其他复杂的程序，更容易地访问敦煌。根据语境可知，句子表示“但数字平台的建立帮助在线游客摆脱了其他复杂的程序，更容易地访问敦煌”，空格处表示“更容易的”，用比较级easier。故填easier。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，欢迎网上访客利用这些数码材料设计自己的文创产品。use sth. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“用某物做某事”，因此空格处是不定式，故填to design。
8．考查介词。句意：通过这种方式，设计师不仅可以从他们的作品中获得利润，还可以以创造性的方式传播敦煌的意识。profit from是固定短语，意为“从……中获得利润”，因此空格处是介词from，故填from。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：“这是在文物领域提供数字资源服务的一个开创性项目，可以促进资源利用的可持续发展，”国家文物局官员Luo Jing表示。for是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，故填offering。
10．考查定语从句。句意：“这是在文物领域提供数字资源服务的一个开创性项目，可以促进资源利用的可持续发展，”国家文物局官员Luo Jing表示。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词project是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。