Unit2 Topic2 单元知识梳理+话题过关检测（带答案详解）（九年级英语上册仁爱版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024年九年级英语上册单元知识梳理+话题过关检测（仁爱版）
Unit2 topic2
一、单词过关
1 ________________ n.沙，沙子
2 ________________ 转换成，把……变成
3 ________________ n.沙漠v.舍弃,遗弃
4 ________________ conj.虽然，尽管
5 ________________ v.减少；减轻
6 ________________ adv.彻底地；完整地
7 ________________ n.使用者；用户
8 ________________ pron.没有一个；毫无
9 ________________ 在各处；到处
10 ________________ v.吐，唾
11 ________________ adj.野的，野生的
12 ________________ adj.不整洁的,凌乱的
13 ________________ adj.无理的，粗鲁的
14 ________________ n.行为，举止
15 ________________ n.状况;形势;局面
16 ________________ v.处罚,惩罚
17 ________________ adv.可能,大概
18 ________________ pron.人人,每个人
19 ________________ 拿走
20 ________________ n.氧气
21 ________________ n.洞,坑
22 ________________ 臭氧层
23 ________________ n.放射，放射物
24 ________________ adv.直接地
25 ________________ 二氧化碳
26 ________________ n.毛毯，毯子
27 ________________ n.&v.逃跑；逃脱 (from)
28 ________________ v.上升，上涨
29 ________________ 温室效应
30 ________________ 提到，涉及，有关
31 ________________ n.不足;缺少;短缺
32 ________________ v.防止,避免
33 ________________ n.资源,财力
34 ________________ v.发现,找到
35 ________________ adj.缺水的,渴的
36 ________________ n.法律，法令；定律
二、课本知识点梳理
Section A
1. The wind outside is blowing strongly.
blow strongly/hard 刮大风
rain/snow heavily/hard
2. While I was walking down the street just now, I couldn’t see anything.
(1) while 引导时间状语从句只能是延续性动词。
when引导的从句动词可以使延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词
while sb.be doing, sb. be doing.
while然而
(2) walk down the street 沿着街道走
(3) not anything = nothing, 即not any = no
3. A lot of rich land has changed into desert.
change into = turn into 把…变成
4. Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
(1) stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth.
prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth.
keep sb./sth. from doing sth. (from不能省略)
protect sb./sth. from doing sth. (from不能省略)
(2) earth着重指与天空相对的“土地”，还泛指泥土
soil 指用于种植庄稼的“土壤”
ground指大地表面
land指与河、湖、海洋相对的陆地
(3) blow sth. away 把…吹/刮走 blow-blew-blown
wash sth. away 把…冲走，把…洗掉
拓展：blow out吹灭
put out 扑灭
5. And a lot of water can be saved by forests.
be saved by 为被动语态结构
被动态结构：动作承受者+ be + V（过去分词）+by 动作实施者
save v. 贮存；挽救；节约
6. Although we have built “The Green Great Wall”, we still need to do something to protect the environment.
(1) although conj. “虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though, although比较正式。
eg: Although/Though he is very tired, he goes on with his work.
【注意】 在句中使用although或though时，不能同时使用but, 但although/though后可与yet或still连用。
加强语气时， 可用even though.
(2) need v. 实意动词, need to do sth. , 否定：don’t need to do sth.
情态动词, need do sth., 否定：needn’t do sth.
need n.需要，需求
7. People have cut down such a large number of trees that the land change into desert.
a number of “许多，大量”
a number of + 可数名词复数 + 谓语动词复数
the number of “数目”
the number of + 可数名词复数 + 谓语动词单数
eg: There are a number of cars in the parking lot. The number of the cars is about 200.
停车场停了大量的车。车的数量大约是200。
巩固：such+a(n)+形容词+单数名词+that从句。“如此……以致于……”
such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句。
a lot of /lots of 和plenty of 都可修饰可数与不可数名词。“许多”
8. Some animals are in danger of dying out.
in danger of 处于…的危险中
die out 灭绝
come into being 产生，开始存在，诞生
巩固：die -died -died v. 死亡 death n. dying 现在分词
9. Humans have come to realize the importance of protecting animals.
come to realize逐渐意识到
come to do 逐渐…
Section B
1. It says that China become the world’s largest producer and user of coal.
producer 生产者 user 使用者
2. As a result, air pollution has become a serious problem.
as a result 结果是
as a result of ... 由于...
3. But the government is doing something useful to protect the environment.
do something useful to do sth = take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
something useful adj修饰不定代词时，放在后面，作后置定语。
somewhere warm 一些暖和的地方； nothing serious 没什么严重的
4. None of us likes pollution.
none of (三者及三者以上) +可数n复数+谓v单或复
none of (三者及三者以上) +不可数n+谓v单
none of (三者及三者以上) +代词复数+谓v单或复
拓展：neither 表示两者 “都不”
How many/much 引导的特殊疑问句，否定回答用none
Who引导的特殊疑问句，否定回答用no one
everyone 每个人，只指人不指物，后不加of，强调整体。谓语单数。
every one +表范围的of短语
5. We shouldn’t leave rubbish here and there.
here and there = everywhere 到处，处处
6. We should do everything we can to protect the environment.
we can 作everything的定语+ to do sth.
7. Worst of all, so of them are quite rude...
worse 为bad的最高级
worst of all 最糟糕的是，用来引出最坏的事。
8. I think we should make rules to change the situation.
make rules 制定规章 break/disobey rules 违反规则 follow/obey rules 遵守规则
9. None of us would like to see dirty water and rubbish lying around.
没有人想看见四处是脏水和垃圾。
lie 躺/位于 lie-lay-lain lying现在分词
Section C
1. We have changed our planet a lot in many ways.
a lot
作副词短语，表程度，“很，非常”。Do you wear your new watch a lot
前可被such，what，quite，rather修饰。I like him quite a lot.
a lot of = lots of ＋ 可n./不可n. There’s a lot of work to do and a lot of people have been sent there.
2. Some things we have done are very good for the earth while others are bad.
3. All over the world, people have cut down millions of trees.
cut down 砍下
cut过去式和过去分词均为cut；现在分词：cutting
拓展：cut off 切断（电源，水），中断 The phone line was cut off during the storm.
cut up 切碎 He cut the old tree up
cut sth. into pieces 把某物切碎
4. Too much harmful radiation from the sun passes through the hole and reaches the earth directly.
（1）
易混词辨析：though 尽管=although thought 想法（think的过去式）
（2）direct adj.直接的
v. 指挥，指示.
directly adv. 直接地 = direct ＋ly
拓展 director 导演 direction 方向，指导
5. It mainly comes from burning oil, coal and wood.
burning 燃烧的，现在分词做定语
6. This has formed a blanket around the earth.
form
7. This is called “the greenhouse effect”.
greenhouse effect 温室效应
ozone 臭氧
ozone layer 臭氧层
radiation 射线
carbon dioxcide 二氧化碳
the level of the oceans. 海平面 ＝ sea level
8. In the passage, blanket refers to carbon dioxide around the world.
refer to 指的是……
Section D
1. The sea seems to have the best answer.
seem + adj. （详情参考系表结构）
+ to do sth
It seems that + 从句
2. We can solve the problem of the shortage of water.
① 解决问题：solve / deal with the problem
② the shortage of 缺乏 be short of 缺乏
拓展 be short for… 是……的缩写 = for short
Eg. TV is short for television = We call television TV for short.
3. How can we avoid a serious water shortage
avoid 避免 v. + sth. / doing sth.
后接动名词的动词？
avoid practice finish discourage enjoy imagine keep mind prevent regret spend consider(考虑)
4. Third, we should discover ways to reuse water.
① discover 发现 探索 v. discovery 探索 发现 n.
拓展：find, discover ( http: / / www. / s wd=discover&hl_tag=textlink&tn=SE_hldp01350_v6v6zkg6" \t "_blank ) 及invent的区别
A. find是较非正式用词,表示找到或发现的意思。
Eg. Please find my hat for me.
B. discover ( http: / / www. / s wd=discover&hl_tag=textlink&tn=SE_hldp01350_v6v6zkg6" \t "_blank )指通过有意识地寻找或查询,发现某种已经存在的现象或事物。
Eg. It was Columbus who discovered America in 1492.
C. invent则表示发明以前不存在的东西。
Eg. Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
② reuse 重复使用 v. re- 为构词法中的前缀，意为“再一次……”
类似用法：recycle(再循环) retell(重述) return (返回) reform(重整，改革)
5. This is because about 97% of the water on the earth is sea water.
主可数，谓复数主不可数，谓单数
百分比+ of + 主语 + 谓语动词
6. 其他短语串烧
① take away from 从……带走
② in this field / area / world 在这个领域
③ day by day 一天又一天地
④ use sth. for doing sth. 用某物做某事
⑤ be covered with 被……覆盖
⑥ natural resources 自然资源
三、话题过关检测
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
1．—I have to tell you, I’m new to this kind of work. (complete)
—I believe you can deal with it.
2．—Why does your house look (tidy)
—Because I had a party with my friends just now.
3．More new energy cars are produced (reduce) the air pollution.
4．We were very excited to see the red sun (rise) from the sea.
5．Tom is good at physics, but his math is the (bad) of all.
6．The actor and the actress left after the performance yesterday. (direct)
7．Tom was shaking (wild) from side to side.
8．You never know how much difficulty people have (discover) a useful method to deal with cancer.
9．It’s very (importance) to protect our environment.
10．Remember (turn ) off lights when you leave your room.
二、单项选择
11．Zhang Hua, our monitor, is organized and thoughtful enough to ________ time well.
A．reduce B．manage C．control D．influence
12．Your aunt has found time to see you twice ________ she is very busy.
A．if B．unless C．because D．though
13．—Don’t look through your mobile phone, Jimmy. The car ________ hit you.
—Sorry, I was just checking an important email.
A．suddenly B．nearly C．clearly D．quickly
14．—Jack, when are we going to buy a birthday gift for our grandma, today or tomorrow
— ___________ are OK. I am available.
A．All B．Both C．Neither D．None
15．How about ________ these old books to those in need They take up too much room.
A．giving away B．putting away C．taking away D．throwing away
16．—May I have a cup of coffee, please
—Coffee Sorry, there’s _______ left. We only have some juice now.
A．none B．something C．neither D．nothing
17．—How much difficulty did you have________ this problem
—_______.
A．to solve; Nothing B．to solve; None
C．solving; Nothing D．solving; None
18．Hearing the 19th Asian Games would be held in Hangzhou, China, we could ________ control our feeling of pride.
A．really B．hardly C．nearly D．clearly
19．Read the text aloud ________ the whole class can hear you clearly.
A．so that B．if C．when D．although
20．The price of the houses in major cities in China ________ in the last 20 years.
A．rose B．has risen C．raised D．has raised
三、完形填空
从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的正确选项，并将所选答案涂到答题卡的相应位置上。
Ben and his classmates are watching a film about the environment. A long time ago, most towns and villages were very small. The 21 of people that lived in every country was much smaller than it is today, too. There were 22 heavy industries. People did not use chemicals. There were no motor vehicles and there were no factories. So there was 23 pollution.
Sadly, our environment is much dirtier than 24 was in the past. This is a 25 because the best way for us to be healthy is to live in a clean environment.
The air and water are much dirtier than they 26 be. The chemical factories and cars 27 terrible gas. The water 28 by chemicals from the factories and ships. This means we are destroying our home little by little.
In the film we will try to find ways to 29 our environment cleaner and find ways to stop future pollution. We hope you will try 30 you can do to help make the world a cleaner and healthier place.
21．A．place B．number C．environment D．land
22．A．not B．no C．some D．a few
23．A．much B．many C．a little D．little
24．A．he B．she C．one D．it
25．A．question B．bridge C．problem D．difficulty
26．A．used to B．are used to C．were used to D．was used to
27．A．reach B．afford C．take D．produce
28．A．pollutes B．polluted C．is polluted D．has polluted
29．A．consider B．make C．give D．develop
30．A．what B．how C．when D．why
四、阅读理解
A
A record of 1,101 manatees(海牛) died in Florida last year, many from hunger. So last December, government wildlife experts thought up a plan to give food to the manatees. They decided to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Ron Mezich, an expert, said, “We’re making a difference.” So far, they have served up more than 193,000 pounds of lettuce to hungry manatees. But as the weather is getting warm, the program is expected to end soon.
Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”. Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals. Most dangers to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the animals are boats. Manatees are curious (好奇的) and fairly slow. That has led to thousands of manatees being hit or killed by boats. At one point, there were only about 2,000 manatees left in Florida. With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees.
However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again. Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. The algae blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow. For example, in Indian River Lagoon, where manatees often go in the winter, about 90% of the sea grass beds there have died off. Long term, Florida will work to help restore (恢复) sea grass beds. But that will take time. Scientists still worry that hundreds more manatees could starve this winter.
31．Why are manatees sometimes called “sea cows”
A．They are as big as cows. B．They can swim like cows.
C．They have tails like cows. D．They feed on plants like cows.
32．How has the number of manatees changed over years
A． B．
C． D．
33．Which shows the correct order of the causes of manatees’ death
A．sea pollution→growth of algae→death of see grass→death of manatees
B．growth of algae→sea pollution→death of see grass→death of manatees
C．sea pollution→death of see grass→growth of algae→death of manatees
D．growth of algae→death of see grass→sea pollution→death of manatees
34．What is the meaning of the underlined word “block”
A．provide B．prevent C．help D．attract
35．Which is the best title for this passage
A．Manatees Feeding Program B．Money Given to Save Manatees
C．Sea Grass Bed Restored for Manatees D．Reasons for Manatees’ Death Still Unclear
B
As we all know, environmental pollution is still serious nowadays. Our group wanted to know how many students knew about each kind of the pollution and we wanted to learn how often they sorted (分类) rubbish. So we did a survey among the students in our school. Here are the results of our questionnaire (问卷).
36．What is the survey mainly about
A．Scientific research. B．Environmental protection. C．Everyday habit. D．Sports life.
37．How many parts are there in the questionnaire
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
38．What is known by the fewest students
A．Air pollution. B．Water pollution. C．Noise pollution. D．Global warming.
39．What percent of the students have begun to sort rubbish according to the chart (图表)
A．75%. B．20%. C．5%. D．25%.
40．What can we learn from the results of the questionnaire
A．Environmental pollution is not serious nowadays.
B．Air pollution is noticed by a large number of students.
C．The students don’t realize the situation of the environment at all.
D．Five kinds of environmental pollution are mentioned in the questionnaire.
C
You might not expect it, but cows can lead to air pollution. Now scientists have shown that the pollution from cows can be cut by adding a little seaweed (海草) to their food.
Cows have one stomach, but it has four separate parts. This allows them to process grass and other foods that humans can’t digest (消化). One of their stomach parts has a special chemical. It helps break down the grass into something the cow’s body can use. But the process produces lots of methane (甲烷), the world’s second worst greenhouse gas.
Scientists first discovered that seaweed could help control methane from cows several years ago. But that work was done in a laboratory, and there were many questions about whether the idea could work in real life. In the lab studies, the cows were given some seaweed, and they ended up losing weight. That wasn’t helpful, since cows are often sold by weight. It also wasn’t clear if the seaweed would stop working if it was used for a longer period of time.
Now, scientists studied 21 cows on a farm for about five months. They mixed a little seaweed with the cows’ food. The results were surprisingly good. Some cows produced 82% less methane. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane. Over the five months, the scientists didn’t see any signs that the cows’ stomachs were getting used to the seaweed and starting to produce more methane again. Another good news came when they looked at the weight of the cows. The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows, but they didn’t need as much food.
Although there are still some problems with the idea, it’s very good news that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution.
41．Why can cows digest grass Because ________.
A．they have seaweed as their food
B．they have bigger stomachs than humans
C．their body can produce methane
D．their stomachs have four separate parts
42．What happened to the cows after eating seaweed in laboratory studies
A．They got thinner than before. B．They produced no methane.
C．They ate less food than usual. D．They were sold by weight.
43．What are the good results of the studies on a farm
① The cows’ stomachs get used to the seaweed.
② The cows that eat seaweed gain weight like other cows.
③ The cows produce more methane five months later.
④ The seaweed helps control methane even after a long time.
A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④
44．The writer probably thinks the idea of feeding cows seaweed is ________.
A．meaningless B．great C．surprising D．touching
45．Which of the following is the best title of the passage
A．Cows That Eat Seaweed Pollute Less
B．Scientists Discover a Way to Feed Cows
C．Cows Are Harmful to the Environment
D．Seaweed Becomes Cows’ Favorite Food
D
Terrible weather events are harming the planet, and experts warn of even greater results to come. The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting（融化）caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.
According to the data from the WMO, temperatures on the Antarctica（南极洲）just hit 18.3℃, which is higher than the record of 17.59℃ in March, 2015. Moreover, temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years. Although such temperatures might be considered pleasant for a picnic or a hiking trip, this is the Antarctica we are talking about. It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place. In fact, the average temperature of the continent’s central area is -57℃.
Besides, many places are experiencing the extreme weather this summer. Australia is undergoing its worst drought（干旱）since the 1930s, leaving bush fires burning so long and causing many deaths. Meanwhile in Europe, crops in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years. Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while floods have hit Eastern and Southern China.
“Climate change is bad for us human beings, which causes direct health problems. I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30, 000 to 50, 000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there.” Professor Schwartz said. “It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”
46．What doesn’t bring down the number of polar bears according to this passage
A．Hunting. B．Climate change. C．The sea ice loss. D．The Arctic ice melting.
47．What can you learn from this passage
A．The Antarctica is pleasant for a hiking trip.
B．Extreme weather led to wildfires burning in Europe.
C．Climate change will cause air pollution and diseases.
D．The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March, 2015.
48．What does the underlined word “inhospitable” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．无医院的 B．不好客的 C．不优美的 D．不宜居的
49．Which place didn’t experience drought this year
A．Europe. B．Australia. C．America. D．China.
50．What is the main idea for this passage
A．The whole planet is drier and drier. B．The Antarctica is warmer and warmer.
C．Climate change is getting worse and worse. D．The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller.
五、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词， 或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
There are many kinds of pollution around us, such 51 air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution. They are bad for our 52 （healthy）in many ways.
Burning gas, oil and coal creates air pollution. It can cause sore eyes and 53 （breathe）problems.
With the increase of pollution and the 54 （develop）of industry, litter is everywhere. It makes our environment dirty. People put lots of rubbish in the land. Farmers use too many chemicals in the fields. They destroy（破坏）the soil, 55 soil pollution has become serious.
Noise pollution can make people deaf. For example, people may lose their hearing 56 they work in a 57 （noise）place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure as well.
Working for 58 long time in strong, changeable light may cause some kinds of 59 （ill）. It makes people feel terrible and is especially bad for the eyes.
With 60 （little）pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people.
六、补全对话
根据下面对话的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话意思完整。
A: What are you going to do tomorrow 61
B: Oh, yes. Tomorrow is Tree Planting Day.
A: That’s right.
B: 62
A: Yes, I know a little about it. Must we dig a hole first
B: Yes, it should be neither too deep nor too big. Is it right
A: You’re right. 63
B: Certainly. Many Green Walls should be built in China. They can stop the sand from moving t towards the rich farmland in the south.
A: 64
B: Yes. But it’s very important to us. More and more mountains will be covered with trees in a few years.
A: 65
七、书面表达
你将参加学校英文报“How to Cut Down Pollution”主题征文活动，请根据以下内容提示问题用英文从各方面来描述你如何帮忙减少污染，保护环境。
内容提示问题：
Do you often bring a bag to go shopping
Do you use wooden chopsticks or plastic forks when you buy takeaway food
What will you do to help to protect the environment
...
注意：文中不得透露个人真实信息；词数60—80；标题已给出，不计入总词数。
How to Cut Down Pollution
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
单词过关
1 sand n.沙，沙子
2 change…into… 转换成，把……变成
3 desert n.沙漠v.舍弃,遗弃
4 although conj.虽然，尽管
5 reduce v.减少；减轻
6 completely adv.彻底地；完整地
7 user n.使用者；用户
8 none [n n] pron.没有一个；毫无
9 here and there 在各处；到处
10 spit v.吐，唾
11 wild adj.野的，野生的
12 untidy adj.不整洁的,凌乱的
13 rude adj.无理的，粗鲁的
14 behavior n.行为，举止
15 situation n.状况;形势;局面
16 punish v.处罚,惩罚
17 perhaps adv.可能,大概
18 everybody pron.人人,每个人
19 take away 拿走
20 oxygen n.氧气
21 hole n.洞,坑
22 ozone layer 臭氧层
23 radiation n.放射，放射物
24 directly adv.直接地
25 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
26 blanket n.毛毯，毯子
27 escape n.&v.逃跑；逃脱 (from)
28 raise v.上升，上涨
29 the greenhouse effect 温室效应
30 refer 提到，涉及，有关
31 shortage n.不足;缺少;短缺
32 avoid v.防止,避免
33 resource n.资源,财力
34 discover v.发现,找到
35 thirsty adj.缺水的,渴的
36 law n.法律，法令；定律
参考答案：
1．completely
【详解】句意：——我必须告诉你，我干这活完全是个新手。——我相信你能应付得了。new为形容词，应用complete的副词completely来修饰形容词。故填completely。
2．untidy
【详解】句意：——为什么你的房子看起来不整洁？ ——因为我刚才和我的朋友们开了个派对。根据“I had a party with my friends just now”可知刚才我和朋友开了个派对，因此房间不整洁，untidy“不整洁的”，形容词。故填untidy。
3．to reduce
【详解】句意：生产更多的新能源汽车以减少空气污染。根据“More new energy cars are produced…the air pollution.”可知空处应填非谓语，生产更多的新能源汽车是为了减少空气污染，此处用不定式表目的，故填to reduce。
4．rising
【详解】句意：看到红色的太阳正从海面升起我们是非常激动的。see“看见”，感官动词，后接动词的现在分词作宾语补足语时，表示看见某事正在发生，故填rising。
5．worst
【详解】句意：汤姆的物理很好，但他的数学最差。根据“of all”可知，是三者及以上的比较，应使用最高级worst，故填worst。
6．directly
【详解】句意：昨天表演结束后男女演员就直接离开了。句中需要副词修饰动词left，direct的副词形式directly，意为“直接地”。故填directly。
7．wildly
【详解】句意：汤姆左右摇晃得厉害。wild意为“狂热的”（形容词）。观察句子结构，这里需要一个副词来修饰动词shake，wild的副词形式是wildly。故填wildly。
8．discovering
【详解】句意：你从来不知道人们发现一种有用的应对癌症的方法有多困难。根据“how much difficulty people have”可知此处应用“have difficulty doing sth”表示“做某事有困难”，因此此空用“discover”的动名词“discovering”。故填discovering。
9．important
【详解】句意：保护我们的环境是非常重要的。此句是“It is adj to do sth”句型，表示“做某事是……的”，形容词作表语，importance为名词，形容词为important，表示“重要的”。故填important。
10．to turn
【详解】句意：当你离开屋时，记得关灯。remember 后面常跟doing 或 to do，跟 doing 表示“记得以前做过某事”，跟 to do 表示“记得要去做某事”。此处指记得要做某事。故填to turn。
11．B
【详解】句意：张华，我们的班长，有条理，有思想，能很好地管理时间。
考查动词辨析。reduce减少；manage管理；control控制；influence影响。根据“Zhang Hua, our monitor, is organized and thoughtful enough to...time well.”可知，有条理，所以能很好地管理自己的时间，故选B。
12．D
【详解】句意：你的姑姑已经两次找时间来看望你了，尽管她很忙。
考查连词辨析。if是否，如果；unless除非；because因为；though尽管。根据“found time to see you twice”和“she is very busy”可知，此处应使用表示转折关系的连词。故选D。
13．B
【详解】句意：——吉米，别刷手机了。那辆车差点撞到你了。——抱歉，我刚刚正在查看一封重要的电子邮件。
考查副词辨析。suddenly突然；nearly差一点；clearly明显地；quickly快速地。根据“The car…hit you.”可知此处指那辆车差一点撞到了，应用副词nearly来表示。故选B。
14．B
【详解】句意：——杰克，我们什么时候给奶奶买生日礼物，今天还是明天？——都可以。我有空。
考查代词。all全部（三者及以上）；both两者都；neither两者都不；none没有一个（三者及以上）。根据“ today or tomorrow ”可知是指两者，结合“I am available.”可知今天和明天都可以，应用both，故选B。
15．A
【详解】句意：把这些旧书捐赠给那些有需要的人怎么样？它们占据太多空间了。
考查动词词组辨析。give away捐赠；put away收拾；take away拿走；throw away扔掉。根据“…these old books to those in need”可知，此处表达的是把书捐给有需要的人。故选A。
16．A
【详解】句意：——请给我一杯咖啡好吗？——咖啡吗？对不起，没有了。我们现在只有一些果汁了。
考查代词辨析。none没有一个；something某事；neither两者都不；nothing没有什么。根据“We only have some juice now.”可知没有咖啡了，结合语境可知，此处是强调数量上的没有，应用none，故选A。
17．D
【详解】句意：——你解决这个问题的时候遇到了多少困难？——没有困难。
考查非谓语和代词辨析。have difficulty doing表示“做某事有困难”，动词solve要用solving形式。nothing没什么东西；none一个都没有。“how much”询问不可数名词“difficulty”的数量，其对应答语是none。故选D。
18．B
【详解】句意：听说第19届亚运会将在中国杭州举行，我们不禁感到骄傲。
考查副词辨析。really真地；hardly几乎不；nearly接近；差不多；clearly清晰地。根据“Hearing the 19th Asian Games would be held in Hangzhou”可知听到好消息，应该难以控制感情，表否定含义，用hardly。故选B。
19．A
【详解】句意：大声朗读课文，使全班同学都能听得清楚。
考查从属连词辨析。so that以便；if如果；when当……时；although虽然。根据“Read the text aloud”可知大声朗读的目的是为了全班听清楚，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故选A。
20．B
【详解】句意：在过去的20年里，中国主要城市的房价上涨了。
考查现在完成时和动词辨析。rise上涨，不及物动词；raise升高，及物动词。根据“in last years(在过去的20年里) ”可知，此短语是现在完成时的标志，且谓语动词后无宾语。故乡B。
21．B 22．B 23．D 24．D 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了现在的环境被严重污染，并呼吁大家尽自己所能保护环境。
21．句意：居住在每个国家的人数要比如今小的多。
place地点；number数量；environment环境；land土地。根据上文“most towns and villages were very small”可知，以前居住在每个国家的人口数量都比现在小很多，the number of“……的数量”，固定短语。故选B。
22．句意：没有重工业。
not不；no没有；some一些；a few一些，后接可数名词复数。根据下文“There were no motor vehicles and there were no factories”可知，没有机动车和工厂，所以那时也没有重工业。故选B。
23．句意：所以没有污染。
much许多，后接不可数名词；many许多，后接可数名词复数；a little一些，后接不可数名词；little几乎没有，后接不可数名词。根据“People did not use chemicals. There were no motor vehicles and there were no factories”可知，那时人们不使用化学物质，由此推测以前很少有污染。故选D。
24．句意：遗憾的是，我们现在的环境要比以前的环境更脏。
he他；she她；one一个，表示泛指；it它。根据“our environment is much dirtier ”可知我们的环境变得更脏了，由此推测此处指代的是环境，用it。故选D。
25．句意：这是一个难题，因为让我们变得健康的最好办法是住在一个干净的环境中。
question问题；bridge桥；problem难题；difficulty困难。根据“...the best way for us to be healthy is to live in a clean environment.”可知，我们保持健康的最好方式是生活在清洁的环境中，由此推测现在环境变得糟糕对我们来说是一个难题。problem指等待解决的难题，question指对某事疑惑不解而提出的问题，此处用problem更好。故选C。
26．句意：空气和水比过去更脏了。
used to过去常常；are used to被用来，主语是复数；were used to被用来做，主语是复数(一般过去时)；was used to被用来做，主语是单数(一般过去时)。根据“The air and water are much dirtier...”可知，是和以前比更脏了，句子不存在被动关系。故选A。
27．句意：化工厂和汽车产生糟糕的气体。
reach到达；afford负担得起；take拿走；produce产生。根据“The air and water are much dirtier”可知，是化工厂和汽车排放产生了有害气体。故选D。
28．句意：水被来自工厂和轮船的化学品污染。
pollutes污染（第三人称单数形式）；polluted污染（过去式）；is polluted被污染（一般现在时的被动语态）；has polluted已经污染（现在完成时）。根据主语“The water”及动词“pollute”可知，此处是被动关系，且表示事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
29．句意：在电影里，我们会努力寻找方法使我们的环境变得干净，找到方式阻止未来的污染。
consider考虑；make使，让；give给；develop发展。根据“...find ways to stop future pollution”可知，是寻找让我们的环境变得更干净的方法，make sth/sb. +adj.“使……怎么样”，是固定短语。故选B。
30．句意：我们希望你能做你所能做到的来帮助这个世界成为一个更干净更健康的地方。
what什么；how如何；when什么时候；why为什么。根据“...you can do”可知，此处在do后面做宾语，选项中只有疑问代词what能作宾语，what sb. can do“某人所能做的”。故选A。
31．D 32．B 33．A 34．B 35．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了海牛所面临的问题以及政府的保护措施。
31．细节理解题。根据“Manatees are huge sea animals that only eat sea grass and other plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason why they’re sometimes called “sea cows”可知，因为它们像牛一样以植物为食，故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据“Since 1967, Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals”“With protection, the number increased. In 2016, there were more than 6,000 manatees”可知，1967年海牛的数量是比较低的，在政府的保护下，2016年数量有所增长，结合“However, as sea grass began to disappear, the number of manatees keeps going down again”可知，现在又因为海草的问题，海牛的数量又下降了，B选项符合，故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据“Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface”可知，海水的污染造成了海藻的生长，所以先是sea pollution，再是growth of algae，A选项符合，故选A。
34．词义猜测题。根据前文“Warming seas with polluted water have created huge growths of algae (藻) on the ocean’s surface. ”可知，藻类生长在海洋表面，可以推测，它们会阻挡阳光。所以这里block意思是“阻挡，阻止”，和prevent意思相同。故选B。
35．最佳标题题。本文通过描述海牛所面临的问题，来介绍政府为此想出的拯救计划，所以最合适本文的标题是“Manatees Feeding Program”，故选A。
36．B 37．A 38．C 39．D 40．B
【导语】本文呈现了一份调查问卷的结果，调查对象是学生群体，问卷内容是关于环境污染和垃圾分类的问题。
36．主旨大意题。根据“Our group wanted to know how many students knew about each kind of the pollution and we wanted to learn how often they sorted (分类) rubbish.”可知，问卷是关于环境污染和垃圾分类的问题，因此调查内容与环境保护相关。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据“Do you know about these questions”及“How often do you sort rubbish”可知，问卷有两部分，故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据问卷结果中的柱状图可知，了解噪声污染的学生最少。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据问卷结果中的饼状图可知，5%的学生总是对垃圾进行分类，20%的学生有时对垃圾进行分类，因此已经开始垃圾分类的学生共占25%。故选D。
40．细节理解题。根据问卷结果中的柱状图可知，90%的学生，即大量学生都注意到了空气污染，B项正确。故选B。
41．D 42．A 43．C 44．B 45．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。奶牛是导致气候变化的温室气体的主要来源，然而科学家已经证明，只要在牛的食物中添加一点海藻，就可以减少来自牛的污染。本文介绍了研究开展的过程，研究发现以及这一方法仍然存在的问题。
41．细节理解题。根据“Cows have one stomach, but it has four separate parts. This allows them to process grass”可知，因为它的胃有四个部分，故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据“In the lab studies, the cows were given some seaweed, and they ended up losing weight”可知，最终体重变轻了，故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据“The results were surprisingly good. Some cows produced 82% less methane. Even the worst-polluting cows produced 33% less methane…”及“The cows that were fed seaweed gained just as much weight as the other cows, but they didn’t need as much food.”可知，一个好消息是海藻在牛的身体里起了作用，帮助控制减少甲烷的产生，另一个好消息是喂食海藻的奶牛和其他奶牛一样增重，故选C。
44．推理判断题。根据“Although there are still some problems with the idea, it’s very good news that something as simple as feeding cows seaweed can help reduce some of the pollution”可知，作者认为这是一个好主意，故选B。
45．最佳标题题。本文通过实验证明，在牛的食物中添加一点海藻，就可以减少来自牛的污染，所以最适合本文的标题是A选项“吃海藻的牛污染更少”，故选A。
46．A 47．C 48．D 49．D 50．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了越来越严重的气候变化造成的一系列危害。
46．细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have...while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.”可知选项B、C、D都有提及，故选A。
47．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Climate change is bad for us human beings, which causes direct health problems.”及最后一句“It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”可知气候变化将导致空气污染和疾病。故选C。
48．词义猜测题。根据下文中“because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place”及前文中“It is home to the most...”可知，这个地方极其寒冷，是最不适宜居住的地方，故选D。
49．细节理解题。倒数第二段先后提到了澳大利亚经历了20世纪30年代以来最严重的旱灾、欧洲西北部发生了80年来最严重的旱灾、美国得克萨斯州西部也经历了70多年来最严重的旱灾。本段最后一句中“while floods have hit Eastern and Southern China”提到的是中国东部及南部的洪涝灾害。故选D。
50．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要通过介绍因天气变暖，南极冰川融化加剧以及许多地方经历的更加严重的旱涝灾害的情况，说明气候变化日趋严峻的形势。故选C。
51．as 52．health 53．breathing 54．development 55．so 56．if 57．noisy 58．a 59．illnesses 60．less
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了我们身边的很多种类的污染，对于我们的健康非常不好。只有减少污染，我们的地球才能更加绿色环保。
51．句意：我们周围有很多种类的污染，例如，空气污染，土壤污染，噪音污染和光污染。根据“...such...air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution...”可知，后面开始举例各种污染，“例如”译为“such as”，故填as。
52．句意：它们在很多方面对于我们的健康有坏处。根据“They are bad for our...in many ways.”可知，对于我们的“健康”不好，“健康”译为“health”，是一个名词，“healthy”译为“健康的”，是一个形容词，这里“our”译为“我们的”，后面加名词，故填health。
53．句意：它会引起我们眼睛疼和呼吸问题。根据“ It can cause sore eyes and...problems.”可知，引起“呼吸的”问题，这是一个形容词，作定语，修饰后面的名词，“breathe”译为“呼吸”，动词，要“去e+ing”变成形容词，故填breathing。
54．句意：随着污染的增加和工业的发展，垃圾到处都是。根据“With the increase of pollution and the...of industry...”可知，随着污染增加以及工业的“发展”，定冠词“the”后面加名词，“develop”译为“发展”，是一个动词，要加“ment”变成名词，故填development。
55．句意：他们破坏土壤，所以土壤污染已经变得很严重了。根据“They destroy（破坏）the soil...soil pollution has become serious.”可知，破坏土壤，“所以”土壤污染严重，构成因果关系，故填so。
56．句意：例如，如果人们在一个吵闹的地方工作很长时间，人们也许会失去他们的听力。根据“For example, people may lose their hearing...they work in a...”可知，“如果”在一个吵闹的地方工作时间很长，就会失去听力。“if”译为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，故填if。 　　　　　
57．句意：例如，如果人们在一个吵闹的地方工作很长时间，人们也许会失去他们的听力。根据“For example, people may lose their hearing...they work in a...place for a long time.”可知，在“吵闹”的环境中工作很久，就会有可能失去听力。“noise”译为“噪音”，是一个名词，这里需要用形容词作定语修饰名词，“noisy”译为“吵闹的”，是一个形容词，故填noisy。
58．句意：在强光，易变化的灯光下工作很长一段时间也可能引起一些种类的疾病。根据“Working for...long time in strong, changeable light may cause some kinds of ...”可知，在强光，易变化的灯光下工作很长“一段”时间，会引起疾病。“for a long time”译为“持续一段时间”，故填a。
59．句意：在强光，易变化的灯光下工作很长一段时间也可能引起一些种类的疾病。根据“Working for...long time in strong, changeable light may cause some kinds of ...”可知，在强光，易变化的灯光下工作很长一段时间，会引起“疾病”。“ill”译为“病的”，是一个形容词，“of”介词后面加名词，“illness”译为“疾病”，故填illness。
60．句意：污染更少，我们的地球变得更加绿色，我们的健康也会更好。根据“With...pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better.”可知，“更少”的污染，地球才会更绿，人们才会更健康，前后都是比较级，“little”的比较级是“less”，故填less。
61．Shall we go to plant trees 62．Do you know how to plant trees 63．Do you know why so many trees must be planted 64．Is it hard to work on the Green Wall 65．Great./Wonderful.
【导语】本文是一篇对话，内容主要是关于植树。
61．根据“Oh, yes. Tomorrow is Tree Planting Day.”可知此处是建议我们一起去植树。故填Shall we go to plant trees
62．根据“Yes, I know a little about it. Must we dig a hole first”可知是问对方是否知道怎样植树。故填Do you know how to plant trees
63．根据“Certainly. Many Green Walls should be built in China. They can stop the sand from moving t towards the rich farmland in the south.”可知这是解释种植这么多树的原因，所以此处应该询问植树的原因。故填Do you know why so many trees must be planted
64．根据“Yes. But it’s very important to us.”可推知此处应该是问致力于绿色城墙难不难，故填Is it hard to work on the Green Wall
65．根据“More and more mountains will be covered with trees in a few years.”可知应该是对于对方说的话作评价，可以是“非常好”。故填Great./Wonderful.
66．例文
How to Cut Down Pollution
As we all know, the pollution is getting worse and worse. So it is important to take measures to cut down pollution.
First, I often bring a bag when I go shopping. Besides, I also never use wooden chopsticks or plastic forks when I buy takeaway food. I use the ones at home. Second, I always ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. Third, I always throw rubbish in the bins. And when I leave the room, I never forget to turn off the lights.
I think these small things can become big things which can improve our environment. Let’s start from small things.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇材料作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：根据要点提示介绍如何帮助减少污染，保护环境的，可适当增添发挥，以使行文连贯。
[写作步骤]
第一步，引出话题，通过讲述环境问题越来越严重引出保护环境；
第二步，介绍如何帮助减少污染，保护环境的；
第三步，书写结语，号召大家行动起来。
[亮点词汇]
①take measures采取措施
②ride a bike骑自行车
③worse and worse越来越糟
[高分句型]
①I often bring a bag when I go shopping.（when引导时间状语从句）
②So it is important to take measures to cut down pollution.（it作形式主语）
作主语，There is a lot to see at the party.
作宾语，He’s given her a lot to eat.
作表语，This is a lot.
常＋to do 作后置定语。
作名词短语
并列连词，“但是，而，然而”，表示转折关系.
引导时间状语从句，“当……时候”，所引导的从句只表示时间段。
while
through prep.穿越，从……中间穿过 The two friends were walking through the forest.
across prep.横跨……，横穿 The Great Green Wall is across the northwest of China.
cross v. 横穿，如横过马路、过桥、过河等。Be careful when you cross the street.
n. 表格，形式
v. 形成，构成
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)