语法-2023-2024年九年级英语上册语法知识梳理+过关检测（仁爱版）（带答案详解）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023-2024年九年级英语上册语法知识梳理+过关检测（仁爱版）（带答案详解）
语法归纳
一．现在完成时
现在完成时基本结构：
主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语.
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词)+宾语.
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(have/has+主语+过去分词(V-ed)+其他)
过去分词变化规则如下：
1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。变化规则有四点：
(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加＂-ed ＂。
work→worked→worked visit→visited→visited
(2)以＂ e ＂结尾的动词，只在词尾加＂-d ＂。 　　
live→lived→lived
(3)以＂辅音字母 + y ＂结尾的动词，将 ＂y＂ 变为 ＂i＂ ，再加＂-ed ＂。
study→studied→studied cry→cried→cried
(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加＂-ed ＂。
stop→stopped→stopped drop→dropped→dropped
2. 不规则动词变化需参看不规则动词表逐一熟记。
cut→cut→cut it→hit→hit
现在完成时用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
I have already posted the photo.
我已经把照片寄走了。强调post对现在的影响＂照片不在这里＂。
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：
He has lived here since 1978.
自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
注意：for和since的用法。
①for + 时间段 译为：……时间
②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来)
③since + 时间段 + ago
④since + 从句(过去时)
⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时)
注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　
come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　
open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　
Fall ill→be ill 　　 Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　
Worry→be worried 　　 Catch a cold→have a cold
现在完成时连用的时间状语
现在完成时是一个与过去和现在都有关系的时态，因此，具有这样时间特点的状语都可以与现在完成时连用。
1. 与表示一段时间的状语连用，如＂for+时间段＂，＂since+时间点＂。如：
We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市已生活了40多年。
We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958年起就住在这个城市里。
从以上两个例句我们可以看出，与表示一段时间的状语连用时，谓语动词常为stay, live, teach, learn, work, sleep, read, wait, keep等具有延续意义的动词。
2. 与笼统地表示过去的时间状语连用，如already, never, ever, just等。如：
I’ve just found this library book. 我刚刚找到这本图书馆的书。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
她唱得多美啊！我还从来没听到过比这更优美的嗓音。
3. 与表示包含过去和现在的一整段时间的状语连用，如lately, recently, in the past few years, these few years, these days, up to now, so far等。如：
How have you been recently 你近来状况如何？
The famous writer has written a new book in the past two years.
那位著名的作家在过去两年的时间里写了一本新书。
Have you seen her parents these days 这些天你看见她的父母了吗？
The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far.
迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。
注意：现在完成时不能与单纯表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, in 2002, three days ago等
现在完成时与一般过去时区别
1. 侧重点不同
现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如：
I have seen the film.
我看过这部电影。(现在我仍记得电影的内容)
I saw the film three days ago.
三天前我看了这部电影。(强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影)
Mr Green has bought a new computer.
格林先生买了一台新电脑。(着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑)
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.
格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天)
2. 时间状语不同
现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。
She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。
He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。
二．被动语态
句型 构成 例句
肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。
否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。
一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...) —Was Tom asked to come early 汤姆被要求早点来吗
—Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...) Why was this bridge destroyed by the government 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥
考向一：被动语态的句型
考向二：被动语态的各种时态形式
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。
These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。
一般过去时 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。
The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。
一般将来时 主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他 Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。
When will the work be finished 这项工作什么时候完成？
现在进行时 主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他 A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。
Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。
过去进行时 主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他 The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。
The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。
现在完成时 主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他 He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。
Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？
过去完成时 主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他 The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。
A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。
情态动词 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他 Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。
If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。
考向三：被动语态的用法
用法 例句
不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者 How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？
The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。
强调动作的承受者 School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。
当动作的执行者是泛指时 He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。
表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者 I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。
句法修饰的需要 The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。
有些动词习惯上常用被动语态 He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。
It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。
考向四：主动语态变被动语态
说明 例句
含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表(被动语态的各种时态形式)谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语(人称代词宾格)＂。 The famous professor gave two lectures in English.
→Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English.
那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。
They often ask some questions after class.
→Some questions are often asked (by them) after class.
他们经常在课后问一些问题。
含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。 The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.
→I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.
→Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.
老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。
含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。 We call him Li Hua.
→He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。
They painted the room white.
→The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。
【易错警示】
感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。
They saw her enter the meeting room just now.
→She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。
含有动词短语(作谓语)的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。 They take good care of these children.
→These children are taken good care of.
他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。
We should make full use of the good chance.
→The good chance should be made full use of.
我们应该充分利用这次好机会。
【易错警示】
动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。
考向五：主动形式表示被动意义
情况 例句
说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.
A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。
表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。 This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。
Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。
某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。 The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。
Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。
【知识拓展】
常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：
be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路
be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着
三．不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词，表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法功能
不定代词 成分
all，both，each，neither，either，much，little，many，few，other，some，any，one 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语
everyone，everybody，everything，someone， somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，no one，nobody，nothing，none 在句中可作主语、宾语和表语
every，no 在句中只能作定语
1.不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
用法 例句
some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词 Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词)
Do you have any brothers or sisters 你有兄弟姐妹吗？(修饰可数名词)
some多用于肯定句；在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。
Will you give me some water 请给我一些水好吗
any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中；用于肯定句中，表示＂任何＂ If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题，可以问我。
Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。
some和any可以用来修饰单数名词，some表示＂某一＂；any表示＂任何的＂ Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。
(2)few，a few，little，a little的用法
用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词
表示肯定概念 a few虽少，但有几个 a little虽少，但有一点
表示否定概念 few不多，几乎没有 little不多，没有什么
【知识拓展】
1. 这四个词或词组在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。
Few of us have been to Beijing. 我们中几乎没有人去过北京。(主语)
I know little about the book. 我几乎不知道这本书的内容。(宾语)
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。(定语)
He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。(定语)
2. a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示＂有点，稍微＂，little表示＂很少＂。
I’ m a little hungry. 我有点俄。(修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. 让他睡一会儿。(修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. 玛丽，请走快一点儿。(修饰副词比较级)
(3)other，the other，others，the others，another的用法
用法 例句
other 某一个，另一些，其他的。不能单独使用，后面要跟单数名词或复数名词，泛指别的 Where are his other books 他的另一些书在哪里
others 其他。必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西，常用于＂some... others＂结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的，另一些是黑的。
the other 两个中的另一个，剩下的一个。特指，常用于＂one... the other...＂结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐，一个是护士，另一个是老师。
the others 其他全部，其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外，其他都是中国人。
another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个)，可单独用，也可接单数名词或名词复数，表示＂另几个，再几个＂ You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you 你能看见另一艘船在海里，不是吗
(4)all，both，none，either，neither的用法
用法 例句
all ①侧重指三者或三者以上＂都，全部，一切＂，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语；
all于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定使用none。 All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。
Not all books are good.(= All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。
【知识拓展】all作主语，指代人时，谓语动词使用复数形式，指代事情时，谓语动词一般使用单数；作同位语时，all在句中的位置与both相同。
All goes very well. 一切进展非常顺利。
both ①表示＂两者都＂，可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语；
②用于否定句表示部分否定，全部否定使用neither；
③both... and＂两者都，既……又……＂。 They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。
Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球
【知识拓展】both作主语时，谓语动词使用复数形式；作主语的同位语时，位于be动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。
Both of them have been to Beijing. 他们两人都去过北京。
They all enjoyed it. 他们都喜欢它。
none ①意为＂没有人，没有一个，一点儿也没有，作主语和宾语，不作定语；
②none指代可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可，而指代不可数名词时，谓语动词必须使用单数形式。 None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。
None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。
【易错警示】none与no one的区别：none既可指人，又可指物，而no one意为＂没有人＂，只能用于指人。作主语时，谓语用单数；none可以与of搭配，而no one无此用法；none用于回答how many或how much引出的特殊疑问句，而no one用于回答who引出的特殊疑问句。
—How many students are there in the classroom now 现在教室里有多少学生？
—None. 没有一个人。
—Who is in the classroom now 现在谁在教室呢？
—No one. 没人。
either ①表示＂两者中任何一个＂，可作主语、宾语和定语；
②either作主语时，谓语动词应使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。 You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。
The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了，而且都受欢迎。
【知识拓展】
(1)either可用于搭配＂either... or...＂，意为＂或者……或者……；要么……要么……＂。
Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。
(2)either可作为副词，意为＂也＂，用于否定句的句末。
He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去，我也不去。
neither ①意为＂两者都不＂，可作主语、宾语和定语；
②neither... nor...＂既不……也不……＂。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。
【易错警示】neither作主语时，谓语动词使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some，any，every，no与one，body，thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词，如something，everybody，anyone，nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法 例句
复合不定代词一般用作单数，在句中作主语、宾语或表语 Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语)
Do you need anything 你需要点什么吗 (宾语)
Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
复合不定代词被定语修饰时，定语须放在它们后面 There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似，而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时，常表示＂无论什么东西，随便什么东西/事情＂ There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。
Is there anything interesting in the newspaper 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗？
四．定语从句
定语从句在整个句子中担任定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
1. 关系词
关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as(句子中缺主要成分：主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语、补语时)。关系副词：when, where, why（句子中缺次要成分：状语时）。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是想见你的那个人吗？
She is the woman whom/ that I saw yesterday. 她就是我昨天见的那个女人。
China is a country which / that has a large population. 中国是一个拥有很多人口的国家。
The e-mail that /which I received yesterday was from my sister. 昨天我收到的电子邮件是我姐姐寄来的。
I know a doctor whose son is my classmate. 我认识一位医生，他的儿子是我的同班同学。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
I shall never forget the days when (on which) we worked on the farm. 我永远也不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那些日子。
Qingdao is the place where (in which) I was born. 青岛是我的出生地。
This is the reason why (for which) he refused our offer. 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由。
2. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词引导定语从句，代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等主要成分。
He is the man who/whom/ that I saw yesterday.（who/whom/that在从句中作宾语）他是昨天我见到的那个人。
2）whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换。
1）who, whom, that 指代人，who, that在从句中可作主语、宾语；whom在从句中作宾语。
Is he the man who/that wants to see you （who/that在从句中作主语）他是你想要见的
Please pass me the book whose cover is green/the cover of which is green.请递给我那本封面是绿色的书。
3）which, that指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语。
The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你正在搬的那个包裹快要散开了。
4）关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
Is he the man who wants to see you 他是想要见你的那个人吗？
3. 只能用that不能用which的情况。
1）先行词是everything, nothing, something, anything, all, little, much等不定代词时。
He never read anything that was not worth reading. 他从不读任何不值得阅读的书。
2）先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very等词修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that you lent me.我已经读完了你借给我的所有书。
3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
It is the first American film of this kind that I’ve ever seen.这是我看过的第一部这个种类的美国电影。[]
4）先行词由人和物共同组成时。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们都羡慕你和我谈论过的这个科学家和他的成就
4. 关系代词as 和which的用法区别。
1. as一般放在句首或句中，which置于句中。
2. as可引导非限制性定语从句，常常有＂正如＂之意；which可以表主从句之间的因果关系。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
He was always late, which made his teacher very angry. 他总是迟到，这让他的老师非常生气。
过关检测
一、单项选择
1．（2022秋·广东广州·九年级华南师大附中校考期末）Not only my parents but the head teacher ________ me since I failed the final exam.
A．will encourage B．encouraged C．has encouraged D．have encouraged
2．（2022秋·辽宁沈阳·九年级统考期末）Lily’s parents works in China and she ________ in China since she was born here.
A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．had lived
3．（2022秋·辽宁沈阳·九年级统考期末）Shenyang ________ an important industrial city in China since the PRC was founded.
A．is B．was C．will be D．has been
4．（2023秋·湖北武汉·九年级武汉一初慧泉中学校考期末）—What a pity! You missed the most wonderful part of the film.
—It’s OK. I __________ the film with my parents since it was on show.
A．saw B．had seen C．am seen D．have seen
5．（2022秋·湖北武汉·九年级校考期末）—How time flies! We haven’t seen each other for twenty years.
—Yeah. Your black hair ________ completely grey.
A．turned B．has turned C．was turned D．is turning
6．（2023秋·甘肃兰州·九年级校考期末）— He says he ________ Kate for 2 years.
— Really Kate has never told us anything about her marriage.
A．has married to B．has got married with C．has been married to D．had been married with
7．（2021秋·河北石家庄·九年级统考期末）Thanks to the kind person, the little dog ________ from the hole successfully.
A．was saving B．will be saved C．saved D．was saved
8．（2021秋·河北石家庄·九年级统考期末）The government ________ the factory that burns coal. It doesn’t cause air pollution anymore.
A．closed B．will close C．has closed D．was closing
9．（2022秋·山东青岛·九年级校考期末）The plane ________ safely, so none of us feels uneasy any more.
A．landed B．will land C．lands D．has landed
10．（2022秋·北京门头沟·九年级统考期末）Mr. Smith came to Mentougou in 2012. He ________ here for 10 years now.
A．lives B．lived C．has lived D．will live
11．（2023·新疆·中考真题）The Wandering Earth II ___________ with the public since it came out.
A．has been successful B．is successful
C．was successful D．will be successful
12．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）— What do you think of Ezhou, Li Ming
— It ________ a lot since we started to build Huahu Airport.
A．changed B．has changed C．changes D．is changing
13．（2023·云南·统考中考真题）— ________ you ________ about Naxi Ancient Music yet
—Yes, I have. It is a part of Naxi culture.
A．Has; heard B．Have; heard C．Did; hear D．Do; hear
14．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Mum, where is Tony
—He ________ to watch a football match. He will be back later.
A．has gone B．went C．goes
15．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）— What do you think of the novel, Journey to the West
— It’s so exciting that I ________ it for three times.
A．read B．will read C．have read D．was reading
16．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Hanfu lovers ________ walking down the street in many cities.
—Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture.
A．can be found B．can find
C．must be found D．must find
17．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）The 19th Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou from September 23 to October 8, 2023.
A．was held B．will hold C．will be held
18．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Some photos of the moon ________ in the Space Club next week.
A．shows B．is showing C．were shown D．will be shown
19．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Students ________ a few open questions in Ms. Li’s class, did you notice that
—Yes, I think she wanted to train their ability of creative thinking.
A．are asked B．were asked
C．will be asked D．should be asked
20．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）—The environment of this town is better now.
—That’s because lots of trees ________ here many years ago.
A．are planted B．were planted C．will be planted
21．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year.
A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted
22．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—We’re so proud that China is getting stronger and stronger.
—Yes. As you can see, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners.
A．learns B．is learned C．was learned
23．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday.
A．eats B．is eaten C．was eaten
24．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days
—He won’t, unless he ________.
A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites
25．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）Hou Yi ________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it.
A．gives B．has given C．gave D．was given
26．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Jack, when are we going to buy a birthday gift for our grandma, today or tomorrow
— ___________ are OK. I am available.
A．All B．Both C．Neither D．None
27．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）I tried to buy the dictionary in two bookstores, but ________ of them had it.
A．both B．all C．neither D．none
28．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Daming is happy today because he helped ________ look for a set of keys on his way home.
A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody D．everybody
29．（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）I like those books! When I get my pocket money, I will buy ________.
A．it B．that C．them D．ones
30．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Chinese chess player Ding Liren has done he can in chess and has put all that he has into the games.
—Yes, and he has become chess world champion (冠军) recently.
A．everything B．nothing C．something D．none
31．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Lucy has two brothers. One is a worker, ________ is a teacher.
A．other B．others C．the others D．the other
32．（2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题）— Coffee or milk, Jeff
— ________ is OK. I care little about it.
A．Both B．None C．Either D．Neither
33．（2022·统考中考真题）Make sure _______ has the textbooks when the new term starts.
A．nobody B．anybody C．somebody D．everybody
34．（2016·广西来宾·中考真题）Dear classmates, may I have your attention, please I have ________ to tell you.
A．anything important B．something important
C．important something D．important anything
35．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）John and his brother are ________ friendly and like to help others.
A．none B．all C．neither D．both
36．（2022秋·广东广州·九年级华南师大附中校考期末）There is a doctor at the front desk ________ would like to talk with you.
A．which B．that C．whom D．/
37．（2022秋·广东广州·九年级华南师大附中校考期末）When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing ________ he did was to look for some food.
A．which B．who C．what D．that
38．（2023秋·贵州黔南·九年级统考期末）I prefer music ________ has great lyrics.
A．what B．who C．how D．that
39．（2023秋·甘肃兰州·九年级校考期末）— Where did you get these old doors
— From the old buildings ________ were pulled down by the workers.
A．which B．where C．/ D．what
40．（2021秋·河北石家庄·九年级统考期末）A friend is someone ________ you know well and like spending time with.
A．who B．which C．whose D．what
41．（2021秋·河北沧州·九年级校考期末）I hate people ________ kill animals.
A．who B．when C．which D．whose
42．（2022秋·云南昆明·九年级统考期末）一Which musician are you going to report about, Candy
一Nie’er. I prefer musicians ___________ can write great music.
A．who B．what C．how D．which
43．（2022秋·辽宁沈阳·九年级统考期末）Jim Smiley was the man ________ filled the frog with lead.
A．who B．whom C．whose D．whoever
44．（2022秋·江苏宿迁·九年级校考期末）—What does “mother” mean to you, Sandy
—Mother is the person ________ always loves me no matter how I am.
A．which B．who C．whom D．what
45．（2022秋·河北保定·九年级校考期末）Look! That man is the hero ________ dove into the river to save the child yesterday.
A．what B．who C．which D．why
二、语法填空
（2022秋·广东清远·九年级统考期末）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。
E-book is short for electronic book. It is usually read on personal computers. Some mobile phones can also 46 to read e-books.
Earlier e-books were written for a small group of readers and were about only 47 subjects.With the 48 of the Internet, knowledge and answers to a lot of questions mainly come from e-books. This is why the e-book business is increasing 49 .
E-books have many advantages. First, they save time. We don’t need to go to a bookstore 50 books. Besides, we can find the topic we want to know about on the Internet, and then we can quickly get many e-books on similar topics. Second, e-books save money. Some e-books cost a little money, and there are millions of e-books on the Internet which we can get for free. Third, more trees 51 because e-books don’t need to be printed on paper. Fourth, e-books make reading more convenient. We can carry a whole library of hundreds of books with 52 in a small computer or any e-book reader (电子阅读器) without worrying about their weight.
53 e-books have certain disadvantages. They need a personal computer or 54 e-book reader and the information can be lost if its file format (文件格式) is not supported or changed in the reader’s computer.
However, e-books provide us 55 a new way of reading. That is good.
46．A．use B．uses C．used D．be used
47．A．few B．a few C．little D．a little
48．A．develop B．developed C．developing D．development
49．A．quickly B．more quickly C．most quickly D．the most quickly
50．A．to buy B．buying C．bought D．buy
51．A．save B．saved C．are saved D．are saving
52．A．us B．our C．ours D．ourselves
53．A．But B．And C．So D．Because
54．A．a B．an C．the D．/
55．A．as B．to C．for D．with
三、阅读理解
A
（2022秋·广东东莞·九年级统考期末）New Energy in the Twenty-First Century
Energy from the windAll over the world, people use the power of the wind. It is a clean source of energy, and there is lots of it in nature. But if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy.
Energy from the waterWhen water moves from a high place to a lower place it has the power to make electricity. In Britain, water-power produces enough energy to power a town with 40,000 people. Water-power gives energy without pollution, but using this kind of power needs oceans of water, so people have to build dams to intercept (拦截) water, but building dams is very expensive.
Energy from the earthThere is heat in the rocks under the earth. Scientists use the heat to make geothermal (地热的) energy. San Francisco gets half of the energy that it needs from geothermal power. This kind of energy is cheap, but it is only possible in a few places in the world.
Energy from the sunSolar panels (太阳能电池板) on the roofs of houses and buildings can turn energy from the sun into electricity. These panels can create enough energy to heat the whole house during winter. Solar power is clean and plentiful, but when the weather is bad, it can’t produce power.
56．How many kinds of energy does the passage talk about
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
57．What kind of energy depend much on the weather according to the passage
A．Energy from the water and energy from the wind.
B．Energy from the water and energy from the earth.
C．Energy from the earth and energy from the sun.
D．Energy from the wind and energy from the sun.
58．All these kinds of energies in the passage are ________.
A．expensive B．clean C．easy to get D．difficult to get
59．What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “dams”
A．大坝 B．发电机 C．铲车 D．抽水泵
60．According to the passage, we can know all these kinds of energies ________.
A．have advantages and disadvantages B．are widely used in China
C．are widely used in America D．are widely used in the world
B
（2022秋·广东江门·九年级统考期末）For more than 300,000 years, human beings have paid much attention to developing technology to make our life easier, faster and more comfortable with the help of machines and tools.
Thanks to the modern technology, humans live longer and more healthily, and are able to get better food, medicine and shelter. We can be proud of this progress. In the past, many poor people died from hunger and diseases. But now many diseases can be cured successfully.
We need “more”, more food, more shelters, more medicines, etc. And up to now, technology has been used in various fields in the city, including intelligent(智能的) education, intelligent medical treatment, intelligent tourism, smart transportation and especially the field of 5G. Recently, Central China’s Hubei province has built more than 300 5G base stations(基站) and achieved full 5G signal coverage(信号覆盖) in some of its cities. A dozen 5G experience centers have been completed in cities including Xiaogan, Yichang and Jingmen.
With the development of the high technology, our living conditions have already been improved a lot. But we still have a long way to go. So, we ought to face all the challenges positively to make it serve us better.
61．Why do people develop technology according to the passage
A．To get more food and medicine B．To make transportation quicker.
C．To make our life easier, faster and more comfortable. D．To get a better education.
62．What does the underlined word “cured” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．corrected B．solved C．ended D．treated
63．Which field has the technology not been used in from the passage
A．Intelligent education. B．Intelligent medical treatment.
C．Intelligent games. D．Intelligent tourism.
64．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage
A．Hubei has built over 300 5G base stations.
B．Xiaogan, Yichang, Enshi and Jingmen have all set up 5G experience centers.
C．There has been full 5G signal coverage in some cities of Hubei.
D．There are a dozen 5G experience centers in Hubei.
65．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．What technology can bring for us.
B．How people develop technology.
C．Why Hubei has built so many 5G base stations.
D．What challenges we should face to develop technology.
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Robots have built a big house in Switzerland using 3D-printed materials. It is the first house made by robots for people to live 66 . It is environmentally friendlier and 67 (safe) than man-made houses.
The creators say the future of building will 68 (influence) by the big house. “This is a new way of seeing architecture（建筑）,” said one of the creators. “How you build is important.”
The big house was built 69 (complete) from robot-made materials. It used 60% less cement（水泥）than a man-made house. There are 35 parts in the house, but some 70 (wise) robots built each one in 60 to 90 minutes. It means 71 the robots built the full house in just 48 hours.
It is not the first time for robots 72 (build) houses. The Chinese used 3D printers to build 10 houses in a day in 2014. And also 73 created a building the next year. Last year, 74 (Italian) built a house in just 48 hours.
Scientists say one day they could send robots to build houses on 75 moon. We are curious about how we're building for the future.
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】句意：自从我期末考试不及格以来，不仅我的父母而且班主任都鼓励我。
考查现在完成时和主谓一致。根据“Not only my parents but the head teacher...me since I failed the final exam.”可知，此处是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，排除AB；not only...but (also)...连接并列主语需满足“就近原则”，“the head teacher”是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故选C。
2．C
【详解】句意：丽丽的父母在中国工作。并且自从她出生在这里，她就一直生活在中国。
考查现在完成时用法。since引导时间状语从句，主句应该用现在完成时。现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”，故选C。
3．D
【详解】句意：新中国成立以来，沈阳一直是中国重要的工业城市。
考查现在完成时。根据“since the PRC was founded”可知句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：has/have+过去分词。故选D。
4．D
【详解】句意：——真遗憾！你错过了电影中最精彩的部分。——没关系。这部电影上映后我就和父母一起看了。
考查现在完成时。根据“since it was on show”可知句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词。故选D。
5．B
【详解】句意：——时光飞逝！我们已经二十年没见面了。——是的。你的黑头发完全变成灰白色了。
考查时态和语态。turn“变得”，属于系动词，没有被动语态，排除C项；根据“We haven’t seen each other for twenty years.”可知，表示再次见面时头发已经都白了，时态用现在完成时（have/has done）。故选B。
6．C
【详解】句意：——他说他和凯特结婚两年了。——真的吗？凯特从来没跟我们说过她的婚姻。
考查动词短语和现在完成时。sb be/get married to sb表示“与某人结婚”，是固定短语；结合“for 2 years”可知和一段时间连用，谓语动词应是延续性动词，故选C。
7．D
【详解】句意：多亏了这个善良的人，小狗被成功地从山洞里解救出来。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Thanks to the kind person”可知时态为一般过去时，而主语the little dog和谓语动词save之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态的谓语结构为“was/were+done”，故选D。
8．C
【详解】句意：政府关闭了烧煤的工厂。它不再造成空气污染了。
考查现在完成时态。closed一般过去时；will close一般将来时；has closed现在完成时；was closing过去进行时。根据“It doesn’t cause air pollution anymore.”可知此处表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，所以时态用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+动词的过去分词。故选C。
9．D
【详解】句意：飞机已经安全着陆，所以我们都不再感到不安。
考查现在完成时。根据下文“so none of us feels uneasy any more.”可知，飞机已经安全着陆（此事发生在过去，对现在的影响是“我”们不在害怕了），应用现在完成时，故选D。
10．C
【详解】句意：史密斯2012年来到门头沟。他已经在这里住了10年了。
考查动词时态。根据“for 10 years ”可知，此处强调动作从过去持续到现在，对现在造成了影响，所以用现在完成时（have/has done），故选C。
11．A
【详解】句意：《流浪地球2》自上映以来就大获成功。
考查动词的时态。根据“since it came out”可知，句子应该用现在完成时。故选A。
12．B
【详解】句意：——李明，你认为鄂州怎么样？——自从我们开始建造花湖机场，它变化了很多。
考查时态。根据“since we started to build Huahu Airport”可知要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选B。
13．B
【详解】句意：——听说过纳西族古代音乐吗？——是的，我有。它是纳西族文化的一部分。
考查动词时态。根据“Yes, I have.”和“yet”可知问句也是现在完成时，且主语是you，助动词用have。故选B。
14．A
【详解】句意：——妈妈，托尼在哪里？——他去看足球比赛了。他一会儿就回来。
考查动词时态。根据“He will be back later.”可知，托尼去看足球比赛了，还没有回来，应用现在完成时，have gone to“去了（未回）”，故选A。
15．C
【详解】句意：——你觉得这部小说《西游记》怎么样？——它太令人兴奋了，我已经读了三遍了。
考查时态。根据“It’s so exciting”及“for three times”可知，表示已经看过三次，此处应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为I，助动词用have，故选C。
16．A
【详解】句意：——在许多城市的大街上都能找到汉服爱好者。——嗯，穿汉服有助于了解中国文化。
考查被动语态。can能够；must必须。“Hanfu lovers”与find是被动关系，所以此处用被动语态，排除B和D选项。此处表示能在大街上找到汉服爱好者，故选A。
17．C
【详解】句意：第十九届亚运会将于2023年9月23日至10月8日在杭州举行。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“from September 23 to October 8, 2023.”可知，句子时态用一般将来时，且主语“The 19th Asian Games”和谓语动词hold之间是被动关系，因此应用一般将来时的被动语态，结构为：will be+动词的过去分词。故选C。
18．D
【详解】句意：一些月球的照片将于下周在太空俱乐部展出。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next week”可知句子应用一般将来时，主语Some photos of the moon与动词show存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般将来时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：will be+过去分词。故选D。
19．B
【详解】句意：——在李老师的课上，学生们被问了几个开放性的问题，你注意到了么？——是的，我想她是想培养他们的创造性思维能力。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“did you notice that”可知前面句子是一般过去时，主语“Students”和动词“ask”之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语结构是was/were done。故选B。
20．B
【详解】句意：——这个城镇的环境现在好多了。——那是因为许多年前这里种了许多树。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“many years ago”可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
21．D
【详解】句意：为了使环境更好，明年将种植更多的树。
考查一般将来时被动语态。主语more trees与动词plant之间被动关系，结合next year可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故选D。
22．B
【详解】句意：——我们为中国越来越强大感到骄傲。——是的。正如你所看到的，越来越多的外国人学习汉语。
考查被动语态。主语Chinese和动词learn之间是被动关系，结合语境可知现在汉语被越来越多的外国人学习，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
23．C
【详解】句意：昨天，那个蛋糕被饥饿的学生们很快吃完了。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知句子应用一般过去时，主语The cake与动词eat存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选C。
24．A
【详解】句意：——你介意告诉我他两天后是否会参加会议吗？——除非有人邀请，否则他不会参加的。
考查时态和语态。第一处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，结合“in two days”可知，用一般将来时“will do”，排除B；分析“He won’t, unless he...”可知，该句是以unless引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”，从句主语he是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时被动语态“is done”，故选A。
25．D
【详解】句意：后羿因为射下了九个太阳而得到了神药，然后逄蒙想偷走它。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语Hou Yi与谓语动词give是被动关系，又根据“then Pang Meng tried to steal it”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选D。
26．B
【详解】句意：——杰克，我们什么时候给奶奶买生日礼物，今天还是明天？——都可以。我有空。
考查代词。all全部（三者及以上）；both两者都；neither两者都不；none没有一个（三者及以上）。根据“ today or tomorrow ”可知是指两者，结合“I am available.”可知今天和明天都可以，应用both，故选B。
27．C
【详解】句意：我试着在两家书店买这本字典，但它们都没有卖。
考查代词辨析。both（两者）都；all（三者及以上）都；neither（两者）都不；none（三者及以上）都不。根据“I tried to buy the dictionary in two bookstores, but…”可知，这两家书店都没有我想买的书。故选C。
28．C
【详解】句意：大明今天很高兴，因为他在回家的路上帮别人找了一串钥匙。
考查复合不定代词辨析。nobody没有人；anybody任何人；somebody某人；everybody每个人。根据“Daming is happy today because he helped...look for a set of keys on his way home.”可知，本句是肯定句，表示帮助某人找钥匙。故选C。
29．C
【详解】句意：我喜欢那些书！当我有零花钱的时候，我就会买一些。
考查代词辨析。it它；that那个；them它们；ones一些。根据“I like those books! When I get my pocket money, I will buy…”可知，此处指“我”有钱时会买上文中提到的those books“那些书”，books是复数，故用them指代。故选C。
30．A
【详解】句意：——中国棋手丁立人已经在国际象棋上尽了最大的努力，并把他所有的一切都投入到比赛中。——是的，他最近已经成为了国际象棋冠军。
考查代词辨析。everything每件事；nothing没什么；something一些事；none没有。根据“he can in chess and has put all that he has into the games.”可知此处指尽一切努力，做每件事。故选A。
31．D
【详解】句意：露西有两个兄弟。一个是工人，另一个是教师。
考查代词辨析。other其他的，后跟名词；others复数，相当于other+名词复数，代指其他的人或物，作名词使用；the others= the other+名词复数；the other指两者中的另一个，常用于“One...the other...”结构。根据“One is a worker”可知，此处是“One...the other...”结构，意为“一个……，另一个……”。故选D。
32．C
【详解】句意：——咖啡还是牛奶，杰夫？——两个都可以。我不太在乎。
考查代词辨析。Both两者都；None三者及三者以上都不；Either两者中任一个；Neither两者都不。根据“Coffee or milk”可知，在两者中作选择，结合“…is OK. I care little about it.”可知，两者中任意一个都行，故用Either。故选C。
33．D
【详解】句意：新学期开始时，要确保每个人都有课本。
考查代词辨析。nobody没有人；anybody任何人；somebody某人；everybody每个人。根据“when the new term starts.”可知，新学期开始要确保每个人都有课本。故选D。
34．B
【详解】句意：亲爱的同学们，请注意！我有重要的事告诉你们。
考查不定代词和定语后置。something某事，用在肯定句中；anything任何事，用在否定句和疑问句中；两个都是不定代词，形容词修饰不定代词要后置，故排除C、D；根据“may I have your attention”可知，应是有事要说，且是肯定句，故选B。
35．D
【详解】句意：约翰和他的兄弟都很友好，喜欢帮助别人。
考查不定代词。none都不（三者以上）；all都（三者以上）；neither都不（两者之间）；both都（两者之间）。根据“like to help others”可知，此处表示肯定，都很友好，排除A和C选项。结合“John and his brother”可知，此处指两个人，故选D。
36．B
【详解】句意：前台有一位医生想和您谈谈。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“a doctor at the front desk ... would like to talk with you”可知此处是定语从句，先行词a doctor指人，且在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句。故选B。
37．D
【详解】句意：当鲁滨逊·克鲁索到达这个岛时，他做的第一件事是寻找食物。
考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物； who关系代词，指人；what疑问代词，不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，指人，也可指物；分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句。先行词为thing，指物，关系代词应用that或which，此处先行词thing被序数词修饰，故只能用that引导定语从句。故选D。
38．D
【详解】句意：我更喜欢有美妙的歌词的音乐。
考查定语从句。先行词为music“音乐”，指物，关系词用that，且在从句中作主语不能省。故选D。
39．A
【详解】句意：——你从哪儿弄来的这些旧门？——从工人们拆掉的老房子里。
考查定语从句。分析题干可知，本句是定语从句，先行词buildings是物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句，故选A。
40．A
【详解】句意：朋友就是你很了解并且喜欢与之共度时光的人。
考查定语从句。who是关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which哪一个，指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whose谁的，指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语；what不能引导定语从句。根据题干可知本题考查定语从句，先行词是“someone”，指人，此处作宾语，因此关系代词用who。故选A。
41．A
【详解】句意：我憎恨那些捕杀动物的人。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语；when关系副词，先行词为时间，在从句中作时间状语；which关系代词，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，先行词为人或物，在从句中作定语。根据“I hate people…kill animals.”可知，空后为定语从句，先行词people“人们”，为人，要用关系代词who。故选A。
42．A
【详解】句意：——Candy，你将要报道哪位音乐家？——聂耳。我更喜欢能写出伟大音乐的音乐家。
考查定语从句关系词辨析。who用于先行词为“人”的定语从句；what不能用于定语从句；how不能用于定语从句；which用于先行词为“物”的定语从句。根据“I prefer musicians”可知此处应填定语从句的关系词，先行词musicians“音乐家”为“人”，故选A。
43．A
【详解】句意：吉姆·斯迈利是给青蛙灌铅的人。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语；whom关系代词，先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；whoever无论谁。句子是定语从句，先行词是指人的名词man，且在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句，故选A。
44．B
【详解】句意：——桑迪，“妈妈”对你意味着什么？——无论我怎样，母亲都是那个永远爱我的人。
考查定语从句。分析“Mother is the person…always loves me no matter how I am.”可知此处考查定语从句，先行词是“person”指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选B。
45．B
【详解】句意：看！那个人是昨天跳入河中救孩子的英雄。
考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是人hero，关系词在从句中作主语，用who/that引导定语从句。故选B。
46．D 47．B 48．D 49．A 50．A 51．C 52．A 53．A 54．B 55．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了电子书的优势和劣势。
46．句意：一些手机也可以用来阅读电子书。
use使用，动词原形；uses动词单三；used动词过去式或过去分词；be used被动语态。主语Some mobile phones和谓语use之间是被动关系，此处用含有情态动词的被动语态can be done。故选D。
47．句意：早期的电子书是为一小群读者编写的，只涉及少数主题。
few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a few几个，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词。根据“were about only...subjects”可知是只有几个主题，修饰可数名词复数 用a few。故选B。
48．句意：随着互联网的发展，许多问题的知识和答案主要来自电子书。
develop发展，动词原形；developed动词过去式或过去分词；developing动名词或现在分词；development发展，名词。with the development of“随着……的发展”。故选D。
49．句意：这就是为什么电子书业务增长迅速的原因。
quickly快速地，原级；more quickly比较级；most quickly最高级；the most quickly定冠词加最高级。由语境可知，此处无比较之意，故此处用副词的原级。故选A。
50．句意：我们不需要去书店买书。
to buy买，动词不定式；buying动名词或现在分词；bought动词过去式或过去分词；buy动词原形。“go to a bookstore”的目的是“buy books”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故选A。
51．句意：第三，因为电子书不需要打印在纸上，所以节省了更多的树木。
save节约，动词原形；saved动词过去式或过去分词；are saved被动语态；are saving现在进行时。主语 more trees和谓语之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选C。
52．句意：我们可以在一台小型电脑或任何电子书阅读器中携带数百本书，而不用担心它们的重量。
us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词；ourselves我们自己，反身代词。此处作介词with的宾语用代词宾格，表示“我们”。故选A。
53．句意：但是电子书也有一些缺点。
but但是；and和；so所以；because因为。此处和前文是转折关系，用but连接。故选A。
54．句意：他们需要一台个人电脑或电子书阅读器。
a不定冠词，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，修饰以元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词；/零冠词。此处泛指“一个电子书阅读器”，e-book以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选B。
55．句意：电子书为我们提供了一种新的阅读方式。
as作为；to到；for为了；with和。provide sb. with sth.“给某人提供某物”。故选D。
56．C 57．D 58．B 59．A 60．A
【导语】文章是一篇说明文，主要介绍了四种清洁能源。
56．细节理解题。根据“Energy from the wind”、“Energy from the water”、“Energy from the earth”以及“Energy from the sun”可知，文章介绍了四种能源。故选C。
57．细节理解题。根据“But if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy.”以及“Solar power is clean and plentiful, but when the weather is bad, it can’t produce power.”可知，风能和太阳能依赖天气。故选D。
58．细节理解题。根据“It is a clean source of energy”、“Water-power gives energy without pollution”、“ Scientists use the heat to make geothermal (地热的) energy.”和“Solar power is clean”并结合常识可知，风能、水能、地热能和太阳能都是清洁能源。故选B。
59．词句猜测题。根据“so people have to build dams to intercept water”可知，此处指利用水能需要修建大坝来拦截水，因此dams的意思为“大坝”。故选A。
60．细节理解题。根据“But if the wind does not blow, there is no wind energy.”、“but building dams is very expensive.”、“This kind of energy is cheap, but it is only possible in a few places in the world.”以及“Solar power is clean and plentiful, but when the weather is bad, it can't produce power.”可知，这些能源有优点也有缺点。故选A。
61．C 62．D 63．C 64．B 65．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了科技的发展使得人们的生活变得更加便利、舒适。但我们还需要更加的努力，让科技更好的服务于人类。
61．细节理解题。根据“human beings have paid much attention to developing technology to make our life easier, faster and more comfortable with the help of machines and tools”可知，人类发展科技为的是，使我们的生活更容易、更快捷以及更舒适。故选C。
62．词句猜测题。根据“In the past, many poor people died from hunger and diseases. But now many diseases can be cured successfully.”可知，过去，许多穷人死于饥饿和疾病。但现在许多疾病都可以成功治愈。故划线词“cured”意为“治愈”。故选D。
63．细节理解题。根据“And up to now, technology has been used in various fields in the city, including intelligent(智能的) education, intelligent medical treatment, intelligent tourism, smart transportation and especially the field of 5G.”可知，目前为止，技术已经被应用于城市的各个领域，包括智能教育、智能医疗、智能旅游、智能交通，特别是5G领域。故选C。
64．细节理解题。根据“A dozen 5G experience centers have been completed in cities including Xiaogan, Yichang and Jingmen.”可知，孝感、宜昌和荆门等城市已经建成了十几个5G体验中心，而恩施没有建立5G体验中心。故选B。
65．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了科技的发展使得人们的生活变得更加便利、舒适。但我们还需要更加的努力，让科技更好的服务于人类。故选A。
66．in 67．safer 68．be influenced 69．completely 70．wise 71．that 72．to build 73．they 74．Italians 75．the
【分析】文章介绍了机器人利用3D打印技术在很短的时间就能打印出不同的建筑，比起人类修建的建筑，3D打印出来的建筑不仅环保而且安全。
66．句意：这是第一座由机器人建造的供人们居住的房子。此处指的是供人们居住的房子，live in“居住在”，故填in。
67．句意：它比人造房屋更环保、更安全。根据“than”可知，形容词要用比较级形式，故填safer。
68．句意：创造者说，未来的建筑物将受到大房子的影响。句子主语“the future of building”与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，空格前有助动词will，应用一般将来时的被动，结构是“will be+过去分词”，故填be influenced。
69．句意：这座大房子完全是用机器人制造的材料建造的。空格修饰动词“built”，应用副词，故填completely。
70．句意：房子里有35个零件，但是一些聪明的机器人在60到90分钟内就完成了每一个。空格修饰的是名词“robots”，应用形容词作定语，故填wise。
71．句意：这意味着机器人在48小时内就建造了整个房子。此处是宾语从句，从句是陈述句用that引导，故填that。
72．句意：机器人造房子已经不是第一次了。此处是结构It is the+序数词+for sb to do sth，空格应用不定式形式，故填to build。
73．句意：第二年他们还建造了一座大楼。根据“The Chinese used 3D printers to build 10 houses in a day in 2014.”可知，此处说的是中国人还利用3D打印技术建造了一座大楼，指代前面提到的复数名词“The Chinese”，应用they，在句中作主语，故填they。
74．句意：去年，意大利人只用了48小时就建成了一座房子。此处指的是“意大利人”，此处应用复数形式，表示多名意大利人，故填Italians。
75．句意：科学家说有一天他们可以派机器人在月球上建造房屋。此处指的是“在月球上”，英语是on the moon，故填the。
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