2024届高考英语二轮复习语法:代词课件(共38张PPT)

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名称 2024届高考英语二轮复习语法:代词课件(共38张PPT)
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更新时间 2023-07-18 16:14:29

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(共38张PPT)
词法讲解
1.英语十大词类
分类 名称 缩写 意义
实词 名词 n.
代词 pron.
动词 v.
形容词 adj.
副词 adv.
数词 num.
虚词 介词 prep.
连词 conj.
冠词 art.
感叹词 int.
英语词类口诀:名代动形副,介连冠感数
命名万事万物
表动作或状态
修饰名词/代词
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
表数量/顺序
表位置、时间、关系等
表并列、递进、转折等
表泛指/特指
表语气
代名词
实词可以单独作句子成分,有词形变化;虚词不可以单独作句子成分,没有变形
三、代词代词是代替名词或名词短语以及相当于名词或名词短语的词或句子的词。一、人称代词人称代词不仅指人也可指物,有人称、数和格的变化,其分类如下表所示:人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格形式在句中作主语、表语、同位语等成分,宾格形式在句中作宾语、同位语等,有时也作表语。单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称IMeWeUs第二人称YouYouYouYou第三人称He,she,itHim,her,itTheythem1、we、you、they、he表示泛指的用法We、you、they可以泛指人们,意为“我们”“你们”“他们”,单数用he。We all get into trouble sometimes.我们每个人偶尔都会遇到麻烦。You should finish the work this afternoon.你今天下午应该完成工作。They say that honesty is the best policy.人们说诚实是上策。He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。2、he、she的用法He指代男性,she指代男性。在一些特殊情况中,he和she可以用来指代事物或动物。指代宠爱的动物、通人性的动物往往用he、she;不带情感色彩时用itGo and find the dog and put him out.去把狗找到,放他出去。Would you please take care of my little parrot She needs good care.你能不能照顾一下我的小鹦鹉 她需要悉心照料。This little beast is a lemur and it lives Madagascar.这小东西是孤猴,生活在马达加斯加。She可以用来指代国家、船只、大地、月亮等China will always do what she has promised to do.中国一向遵守自己的承诺。Titanic was the greatest ship of the time but she sank down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.泰坦尼克号是当时最好的船,但是她沉到大西洋底了。Nice car-how much did she cost 好车——花了多少钱?在诗歌、寓言和故事中,温柔、善良的动物(鹿、猫、熊猫、小鸟等)常用she指代;凶猛、具有野性的动物(老虎、狮子、狼、熊、狐狸等)常用he指代Panda Lily is a new member of the circus. She needs time to get used to the new life.熊猫莉莉是马戏团的新成员。她需要时间适应新的生活。Thefierce tiger came at the monkey but the monkey quickly escaped him into the thick trees.凶猛的老虎向猴子扑来,但猴子迅速的逃到茂密的树林里去了。I chased the cat and she climbed the tree.我追猫,她爬上了树。3、it的用法It可作人称代词,主要指某样东西、抽象事物、不知性别的孩子或用来表明身份。也可在谈论时间、距离、天气等时用作主语或作形式主语、形式宾语。指代上文提到的某样东西Where is my dictionary I put it on the table just now.我的词典去哪了?我刚才把它放桌子上了。指代抽象的事物I tried my best to persuade him, but it didn’t help.我尽力劝说他,可是没有用。指代不知性别的孩子Her baby’s due next month. She hopes it will be a boy.她的孩子下个月出生,她希望是个男孩。指代身份不明确的人—Who is it knocking at the door 是谁在敲门?—It might be the postman.可能是邮递员。指代时间、天气、距离等What time is it now by your watch 你的手表现在几点了?It was raining when I arrived home.我回到家时正在下雨。It’s about 15 minutes’ walk from here to the bar.从这里到酒吧大约有15分钟的步行路程。作形式主语或形式宾语,代替句子中的不定式短语、动名词或从句等。It is important for us to master the skills of computers.对于我们来说掌握计算机技能是十分重要的。It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.独居而不和他人来往没有好处。It is very important that the data be verified.对数据进行核实是很重要的。I feel it necessary to learn every day.我觉得每天学习很有必要。I think it no use getting cross with him.我认为和他生气没有用。I’d appreciate it if you pay in cash.如果你用现金付帐我会很感激的。二、物主代词1、物主代词的分类物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,是人称代词的属格形式。与人称代词一样,它也有人称和数的变化。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。物主代词的分类如下表所示:词义类型我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/它们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishers/oursyourstheirs2、物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词只能作定语,后面跟被修饰的词;名词性物主代词起名词作用,只能单独使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、表语、宾语成分。It is not my mobile phone. Mine is on the desk.那不是我的手机,我的在桌子上。Parents always expert too much of their children.父母总是对他们的孩子寄予太多的期望。Hercoming added to our pleasure.他的到来增加了我们的快乐。Would you mind my taking this seat 你介意我坐这个位置吗?The red pen is yours and the blue one is mine.红色的钢笔是你的,蓝色的是我的。I didn’t borrow his book. I borrowed hers.我没借他的书,我借的是她的。三、反身代词表示“我(们)自己”“你(们)自己”“他/她/它(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词。第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加-self或-selves构成,第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加-self或selves构成人称数第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself,herself,itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves1、反身代词的句法功能反身代词使动作的发出者把动作反射回自己身上,因此反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系,在人称、性、数上保持一致。反身代词可在句中作宾语、表语、同位语等。First of all, you should respect yourself, or no one would respect you.首先你得尊重自己,否则没人会尊重你。You don’t have to warry, I can look after myself.你们不必担心,我会照顾好自己。Look at the girl in the middle. That is myself.看中间那个小姑娘,那个就是我。I’m not feeling myself today.我今天感觉不舒服。You yourself can do it well.你可以把这件事做好。The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。2、反身代词的用法反身代词作同位语反身代词作同位语用来加强名词或代词的语气,通常跟在名词、代词之后,有时也可位于句尾。The boss himself answered the phone, not his secretary.老板亲自接的电话,而不是他的秘书。You’d better ask the doctor himself about it.这件事你最好问医生本人。反身代词可与其他词搭配构成固定短语You’ll have to see if he has come for yourself.你得亲自去看看他是否已经来了。The computer can shut out off of itself.这台计算机会自动关机。You shouldn’t leave the child by himself at home.你不应该把孩子独自一个人留在家里。Are you enjoying yourself 你玩的开心吗?When he came to himself, he was lying alone in the dark.他醒来时发现自己一个人躺在黑暗中。3、不用反身代词的情况作主语时不用反身代词Herself called you up last night.(×)She called you up last night herself.(√)她昨晚亲自给你打的电话。Myself drove the car.(×)I myself drove the car.(√)我自己开车。并列宾语中的一个为名词或反身代词,另一个不能用反身代词作宾语The tickets are for you, Mr wang and myself.(×)The tickets are for you, Mr wang and me.(√)这些票是给你、王先生和我的。The chairman invited my wife and myself to the meeting.(×)The chairman invited my wife and me to the meeting.(√)主席邀请了我和我妻子参加这次会议。在介词about(到处)、after等后的宾语即使和主语指同一对象,宾语也不能用反身代词I looked about myself, hoping to find the lost keys.(×)I looked about me, hoping to find the lost keys.(√)我环顾四周,希望能找到丢失的钥匙。He closed the door after himself.(×)He closed the door after him.(√)他随手关上了门。4、省略反身代词的情况“日常”的行为返回到自己身上时,代表自己的反身代词常常可以省略。I don’t need to shave (myself) every day.我没有必要每天都刮胡子。The child can dress (himself) now.那个孩子现在可以自己穿衣服了。I usually wash (myself) in cold water in winter.冬天我通常用冷水洗脸。You mustn’t overeat (yourself).你一定不要吃得太多。四、指示代词指示代词是用来指代或标记人或事物的代词,表示“这个(些)”“那个(些)”。常用的指示代词有this、that、these、those。This、that是单数,these、those是复数,在句中可以作定语、主语、表语、宾语、补足语等成分。另外such、so、thesame也可起指示代词作用。1、the same的用法The same作指示代词用时,往往指刚刚提到过的同一个或同样的人或事物,可单独使用,也可修饰名词。—Merry Christmas!圣诞快乐!—the same to you and your family!也祝你和你的家人圣诞快乐!I think the same of her as you do.我对她的看法和你对她的看法一样。I would do the same again.我愿意再做同样的事。I find my book at the same place where I had left it.我在丢书的地方找到了书。五、不定代词不明确指代某个(些)人、某个(些)事物的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词可以代替名词和形容词,没有主格和宾格之分,在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语等。不定代词根据不同的标准可有若干分类,具体如下表:分类标准代 词按句法作用分类起指代作用everybody,everyone, everything, someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, none, nobody, nothing, one起限定作用every,no指代与限定作用兼有each,other,another, either, neither, all, both, many, much, some,any, few, little, a few, a little接上表分类标准代 词按可数性类可数every, each, one, another, either, neither, both, many, few, a few, no one不可数much, little, a little可数与不可数兼有no, all, none, some, any, other按构成分类普通不定代词every, each, one, other, another, either, neither, no, none, all, both, many, much, few, little, a few, a little复合不定代词Some-类someone,somebody,somethingAny-类anyone,anyone,anythingEvery-类everyone,everybody,everythingNo-类no one,none,nobody,nothing1、one的用法One指代可数名词单数,既可指人也可指物。其复数形式为ones,所有格形式为one’s,反身代词为oneself。单独使用,泛指“人”“一个人”“人们”One often fails to see one’s/his own faults.人往往看不见自己的缺点。One should do one’s/his best at all times.一个人无论何时都应该尽最大努力。One should love one’s/his neighbour as oneself/himself.人人都应该爱邻居如爱己。表示具体的“一个人”或“一个事物”He is not one who is easy to work with.他不是一个容易合作的人。This is the one you are looking for.这就是你正在找的那个人。指代上文已出现过的可数名词单数,表示泛指意义,以避免重复,ones指代可数名词复数This problem is harder than that one.这个问题比那个更难。Miss Green is a strict but kind teacher, one who cares for every pupil.格林小姐是一位严格而又和蔼的老师,她能照顾到每个学生。I prefer red roses to white ones.我喜欢红玫瑰胜过白玫瑰。2、either、neither的用法Either指两者中的“任意一个”,可作主语、宾语、定语。作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。—Do you want tea or coffee 你想喝茶还是喝咖啡?—Oh,Idon’tmind.Either will do.噢,无所谓,哪一种都行。(主语)There are two apples. You may take either.桌上有两个苹果,你可以随便拿一个。(宾语)Theofficesoneithersideareempty.两边的办公室都是空的。(定语)neither指两者中的任何一个“都不”,其结构、用法与either相同Neither of my parents allows me to study medicine.我父母都不允许我学医。(主语)You talked about Bill and Fagan, but I know neither.你谈到比尔和摩根,但这两个人我都不认识。(宾语)Neither statement you provide holds water.你所陈述的两个观点没有一个能站得住脚。(定语)3、all、both的用法All可指代或修饰可数名词复数,表示三个或三个以上的人或事物全部“都”,也可指代或修饰不可数名词;both仅指代或修饰可数名词复数,指两个人或事物“都”。All of/both of后为名词时,of可省略,但其后为宾格代词时of不可省略。二者均可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、同位语等。All were present at the meeting.所有人都出席了这次会议。Almost all of the music was from Italian operas.几乎所有的音乐都选自意大利歌剧。(主语)Both of us are non-smokers.我们俩都不抽烟。(主语)Both women are French.两名妇女都是法国人。(定语)She invited both of us to her birthday party.她邀请了我们两个参加她的生日派对。(宾语)They both accepted my invitation.他们两个人都接受了我的邀请。(同位语)All、both作同位语时应位于实义动词之前,连系动词、助动词或情态动词之后They both like water lilies very much.他们两个人都很喜欢睡莲。You should all hand in your homework by tomorrow.到明天你们都必须把作业交上。在简略答语中,二者都不可置于句尾。—Were you all present at the meeting 你们都出席会议了吗?—Yes, we all were.是的,我们都出席了。(不可以说Yes,we were all.)4、each、every的用法Each和every的用法如下表所示:They both came on time , but each left ahead of time.他们两个都按时到达了,但又都提前走了(主语)Tokyo and London are two large cities. I really love each.东京和伦敦是两个大城市。两个我都喜欢。(宾语)We send each other an e-mail each/every week.我们每周给对方发一封电子邮件。(定语)We each hope to have free weekends.我们每一个人都希望有空闲的周末。(同位语)Every student needs to be careful with their studies.每个学生学习都需要细心。(定语)代词意义句法功能使用范围与of搭配each每个(强调个体)作主语、宾语、定语、同位语两者或两者以上可every每个(强调整体)只能作定语三者或三者以上不可5、another、other的用法Another“另外的,另外一个”,表示泛指,即没有整体范围。可单独使用,也可后接可数名词单数Buytwo CDs and get another completely free.购买两张激光唱片即可免费获赠一张。If you don’t like this dress, let me show you another.如果你不喜欢这件裙子,我再给你看另外一件。Will you please show me another shirt 能不能拿另一件衬衫给我看看?We need another person to help us to finish the work.我们还需要一个人帮我们完成这项工作。Other可与the连用,单独使用或修饰可数名词单数,表示“(两者中的)另一个”或修饰可数名词复数,相当于the others,意为“其余的”;也可不与the连用,直接修饰名词,相当于others,表示泛指意义,常用于some…others…结构I have two brothers. One is a soldier and the other is a singer.我有两个哥哥,一个是士兵,另一个是歌手。Theothershoecan’tbefound.另一只鞋找不到了。The old ma have three sons. One is a doctor , another is a lawyer, and the other is a worker.这位老人有三个儿子,一个是医生,一个是律师,还有一个是工人Old John has four children. Lily is a silly, and Lucy is a little lazy and the other two are very bright.老约翰有四个孩子,莉莉有点傻,露西有点懒另外两个很聪明。I often have different ideas from the others in my class.我的观点总是和我们班上的其余人不同。We should not speak ill of other people behind their backs.我们不应该在他人背后说他们坏话。Some children are cleaning the windows, and others are mopping the floor.一些孩子正在擦窗户,另外一些正在拖地。6、little、a little、few、a few的用法Little和a little用来指代或修饰不可数名词,few和a few用来指代或修饰可数名词;little和few表示否定意义,a little和a few表示肯定意义。We usually have little rain in spring.春天我们这里几乎不下雨。—Can you speak English 你会说英语吗?—Yes,but a little.是的,不过只会一点点。Please add a little sugar to the coffee.请往咖啡里加点糖。Heatelittleofthefood.他几乎没吃饭。A lot of friends were invited, but few came.邀请了很多朋友,但几乎没有人来。I have read all of his works, but only a few are as good as his first one.我读过他所有的作品,但只有几本能与他的第一本媲美。It was too late, but I could still see a few people in the street.已经很晚了,但我还是看见街上有一些人。Very few students learn Latin now.现在几乎没有学生学拉丁语。7、many、much的用法Many和much是表示数量的不定代词,many修饰或指代可数名词复数,而much修饰或指代不可数名词Many don’t agree to this plan.很多人不同意这个计划。He didn’t say much about his trip.关于他的旅行他说的不多。Many hands makes light work.人多好办事。Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got much work to do.对不起,恐怕不能和你一起去了,我有很多工作要做。Many作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,much作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Many和much后可跟of短语,但of后的词要有修饰语或表示特质意义Many ofmy friends live abroad.我的很多朋友生活在国外。Much of the work has been done.这项工作的大部分已经完成。8、some、any的用法Some和any表示“一些”时既可修饰或指代可数名词复数,也可修饰或指代不可数名词。一般some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑问句中Some say it was an accident, but I don’t believe it.有些人说那是个意外,但我不相信。Many of the buildings were damaged in the earthquake and some were totally destroyed.很多建筑物在地震中遭到损坏,有的被完全破坏。There are still some wine in the bottle.瓶子里还有一些葡萄酒。Have you got any money with you If you have any, please lend me some.你带钱了吗?如果带了,请借一点给我。Are any of the paintings for sale 这些画有没有要卖的?I didn’t eat any meat.我一点肉也没吃。Some有时也用于疑问句,表示说话者肯定的语气或希望得到对方肯定的回答。Any有时也用于肯定句中,表示“任何一个,任何一些”Weren’t you looking for some of those 你不是在找那些东西吧?I’ve just made a pot of coffee. Would you like some?我刚煮了一壶咖啡,你要不要来点?I’ll take any you don’t like.我会随便拿一个你不喜欢的。作主语时,谓语动词要根据some和any指代或修饰的名词的单复数而定Some food has gone bad.有些食品变质了。Some agree, and some of them don’t.他们中有些人同意,有些人不同意.I don’t think any of them are coming.我认为他们没人会来。Any of time is to be made full use of.任何时间都会被充分利用。9、复合不定代词的用法Some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中或预料会得到肯定的的回答的问句中;any-类复合不定代词主要用于否定句和疑问句中,也用于肯定句,表示“任何……”之意由-one和-body构成的不定代词可以相互换用,但前者比较文雅Someone、somebody、anyone、anybody、everyone、everybody、no one等词后一般不跟of短语;若需跟of短语通常用some one,any one,every one,none等复合不定代词后可加-‘s构成所有格None、no one的用法:none在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,可指代可数名词,表示三者或三者以上范围中“没有一个”,也可指代不可数名词,表示“没有一点儿”;后可接表示范围的of短语。No one只能指人,不能指物,其后一般不接of短语。Every one、everyone的用法:Every one可单独使用,也可用于of短语之前,表示在一定范围内的每一个人或每个事物;everyone等同于everybody,只指人不指物,常单独使用其后一般不跟of短语。六、相互代词相互代词是表示相互关系的代词,主要有each other,one another,意为“互相,相互”。Each other主要用于两者之间,one another主要用于三者或三者以上,但在现在英语中eachother也可用于三者或三者以上。相互代词在句中只能做宾语,有所有格形式,分别为each other’s和one another’s。We often help each other when in trouble.遇到麻烦时我们常常相互帮助。Jeffery and I often send e-mails to each other.我和杰弗里经常给彼此发电子邮件。They seem to love one another very much.他们似乎彼此爱的很深。We said hello to each other’s/one another’s family.我们相互向对方的家长问好。七、疑问代词用来表达疑问或构成特殊疑问句的代词叫作疑问代词。疑问代词有主格、宾格和属格之分,在句中所作的成分也不相同。疑问代词各有其不同的含义,选用疑问代词时需根据其具体含义而定。主要的疑问代词及其功能如下表所示:句法功能疑问代词主语宾语表语定语指人主格who√√√宾格whom√属格whose√√√√指物主格which√√√宾格what√√√√1、who、whom的用法
Who意为“谁”,既可指单数,也可指复数。在句中主要作主语、宾语和表语。Whom在句中只能作动词或介词的宾语。作动词的宾语时可与who互换使用,在介词后作宾语时只能用whom,但如果不出现在介词后,也可用who代替。
Who will be the leader of the team 谁将是这个队的领队?(主语)
Who/Whom did you meet just now 你刚才碰见谁了?(动词的宾语)
Who/Whom were you talking about when I came in 我进来时你们在谈论谁?(介词的宾语)
With whom did you go to the concert 你和谁去听的音乐会?(介词的宾语,跟在介词后,whom不可用who代替)
2、whose的用法
Whose表示“谁的”,既可指人也可指物,可置于名词前起修饰限定作用,也可单独使用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
They each draw a picture, but whose is best 他们每个人画了一幅画,但谁的最好呢 (主语)
Whose do you like better, Jack’s or Sally’s 你更喜欢谁的呢,杰克的还是萨丽的?(宾语)
Helen has already taken her bag away. Whose is this 海伦已经把书包拿走了,这是谁的呢?(表语)
Both Jim and Jack speak English. Whose pronunciation is better 吉姆和杰克都说英语,谁的发音更好呢?(定语)
3、which的用法
Which指在明确的、已知的范围中进行选择,既可指人也可指物,既可指单数也可指复数,在句子中一般作主语、宾语、定语等。其后有of…时,of后的名词或代词需有the,those等修饰或表示特指意义。
Which is more interesting, this book or that 哪一本书更有趣,这本还是那本?(主语)
I don’t know which to choose.我不知道该选哪个?(宾语)
Which cities are you going to visit this summer 今年夏天你打算游览哪些城市?(定语)
Which of the seven colors do you prefer 这七种颜色你比较喜欢哪一种?
Which of the patients have recovered 哪些患者已经康复了?
4、what的用法
What意为“什么”,代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词,在句中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语
What makes you love your hometown so much 是什么使你这么热爱你的家乡 ?(主语)
What do you usually do on Sunday 星期天你通常做什么?(宾语)
What are you parents 你父母是做什么的?(表语)
What interests do you have 你有什么爱好?(定语)
“what be +主语?”和“what do +主语+do?”用于询问职业
What is your mother 你妈妈是做什么工作的?
What do you do for a living 你做什么工作为生?
“what be +主语+like?”用于询问品行、性格、状况等
What is the weather like 天气怎么样?
—What is Lucy like 露西这个人怎么样?
—She is very diligent, friendly and lovely.她很勤奋、友善、可爱。
“what do +主语+look like?”用于询问外貌、长相
—What does Mary look like 玛丽长得怎么样?
—She is tall and thin. 她又高又瘦。
“what(…)for?”用于询问原因和用处
—What did she put the book away for 她把书整理好干什么?
—She wanted to play. 她想出去玩。
—I should get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我得早起。
—what for 为什么?
What’s this gadget for 这个小玩意是干什么用的?
What if…… 用于提出疑虑或建议,意为“如果……怎么办?如果……将会怎样?如果……怎么样?”What if it rains tomorrow 明天下雨怎么办?What if we go together 我们一块去怎么样?“what about…?”用来提出建议或情况—What time shall we meet 我们什么时候见面?—What about 7:00 tomorrow morning 明天早上七点怎么样?I’ll stay here for another week. What about you 我在这里还要呆一周,你呢?八、关系代词This is an old computer. It works much slower.这是一台老式电脑,它工作起来速度较慢。(这是两个简单句,其中后一句中的it代替的是an old computer)This is an old computer which/that works much slower.这是一台工作起来较慢的老式电脑。(这是一个主从复合句,which/that代替an old computer,引导定语从句)普通代词只起替代作用,如在上例中it替代an old computer,而关系代词除了可以起替代作用外还可以引导定语从句。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语,常用的关系代词有who、whose、whom、which、that、as等。1、who/whom的用法
二者都可指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语,whom在定语从句中作宾语。
The boy who was in the office yesterday is my brother.昨天在办公室的男孩是我弟弟。
He is the person to whom you ought to address the request.
他就是那个你应该向其提出要求的人。
Do you know the man (who/whom) they are talking with 你认识正在和他们说话的那个人吗?
Desperate for money, she called her sister, whom she hadn’t spoken to in 20 years.
因为急需用钱,她就给姐姐打了电话,她们已经二十年没有说过话了。
2、whose的用法
Whose既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。
You’re the only one whose advice he might listen to.你是唯一一个他可能会听从建议的人。
This house whose windows face the street is my uncle’s. 这所窗户朝街的房子是我叔叔的。
3、which的用法
Which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,偶尔作定语。
The river which runs through the centre of the city has been polluted seriously.
穿过市中心的那条河已经被严重污染了。
They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drank all the wine I had.
他们和我一起待了三周,这期间他们喝光了我所有的酒。
The train which has just left is for Shenzhen. 刚开走的火车是开往深圳的。
4、that的用法
That可指人或物,指人时,可与who、whom互换;指物时,可与which互换。That在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等。作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that之前。
The train ran over and killed a boy and his dog that were just crossing the track.
火车飞驰而过,轧死了正在穿过轨道的男孩和他的狗。
The picture (that) we are looking at was drawn by a fifteen-year-old student.
我们正在看的这幅画是一位十五岁的学生画的。
Views that/which are entirely new or foreign may not also be hard to accept.
那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。
提示:关系副词在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副词有where、when、why等。
九、连接代词
连接代词指引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的代词.主要分为表示疑问的连接代词和不表示疑问的连接代词。连接代词主要包括who、whom、whose、which、what、whoever、whomever、whosever、whichever、whatever等。
1、表示疑问的连接代词
这类词引导名词性从句时,除在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语外还表示疑问意义。
Who will be elected president of the company won’t be known until late this afternoon.
直到今天下午晚些时候,我们才知道谁将被选为公司的总裁。
He didn’t tell me whose computer this was.他没有告诉我这台电脑是谁的。
I have no idea whomever I should invite to the get-together.
我不知道究竟应该邀请谁参加这次聚会。
2、不表示疑问的连接代词这类词在名词性从句中也作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,但表示“……事,任何……”之意。I’ll tell you what we’re planning to do in the coming days.我会告诉你我们在接下来的日子里将要做的事情。Whoever can’t afford to go to school shall be sponsored by our company.上不起学的人都将受到我们公司的资助。She will buy whichever is cheapest.哪个最便宜他就买哪个。You can buy whatever you need in this supermarket.你可以在这家超市买到你需要的任何东西。Ihaveinvitedwhomever you rang this morning.我已经邀请了你今天打电话的人Whosever books are overdue will be fined.不管谁的书延期都要罚款。