2024届高三英语复习：阅读理解之词义猜测题型解题技巧课件(共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
猜 测 词 义
Guessing meanings of words
If you come across new words when reading,
What will you do
Ignore them
and continue reading
Look them up in the dictionary
Guess the meaning
How to guess the meanings of words
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______.
2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ___.
3. What do you think the expression “…”
stands for
4. The underlined word “…” means ____.
5. The word “ ...” in Paragraph 3 is closest
in meaning to_____
1. Definition 定义法
3. Similarity 相似法
2. Contrast 对比法
4. Cause and effect 因果法
5. Example 例举法
8. Common Sense 普通常识
6. Word Formation 构词法
猜测词义
7. Context 上下文
三
字
经
寻 定 义
找 关 系
读 例 子
锁 两 句
同 近 反
文 逻 辑
构 词 法
断 词 义
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义 解释 概念、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(n. 牧羊人)
2. Contrast 对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有 but while however otherwise unlike instead on the other hand 等等
Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
A
(v. 不同意)
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。
Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
(adj. 大的)
With the help of conjunctions like:
because as since for so thus as a result therefore
so that etc.
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例提示词。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
6. Word Formation 构词法：
英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。
With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.
unconditional:
无条件的,
绝对的 adj.
condition
conditional
情况，条件 n.
有条件的 adj.
unconditional:
nonjudgmental:
没有判断力的
judge
judgment
judgmental
判断 v.
判断 n.
adj.
nonjudgmental:
前缀和后缀辨析：
super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的)
micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复）
mis-（误，恶） im-（不）
un-（不，非） in-（不，非）
non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ）
-less（不，无） -wards (向)
superman microwave
(超人)
nonnatural mispronouce
(非自然的)
homeless nonsmoker
(无家可归的)
rebuild eastwards
(重建)
Can you guess the right meanings
(微波)
(非烟民)
(发错音)
(向东)
1) He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.
A. see clearly B. understand C. expect
B
7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后文的提示。
Tom saw an owl in a tree last night．
A．a bird B．an animal C. a star
2）Tom saw an owl last night．
A．a bird B．an animal C. a star
Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got near．
A．a bird B．an animal C. a star
A
A
B
(n. 猫头鹰)
3）The children are looking at an ape.
A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree
C．a kind of bird
The children are looking at an ape at the zoo．
A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree
C．a kind of bird
The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo．
A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of tree
C．a kind of bird
A
A
C
(n. 猿)
8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。
在阅读的过程中 有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等。
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，
he usually gives an anesthetic to make him
unconscious，because he does not want his
patient to feel pain or to know what
is happening to him.
n. 麻醉剂(药)
Inquiry-based Activities (I)
探究活动 (1)
Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words
----------------------------------------------------
1. There are some glaciers which is a river of ice.
moving down the mountain valleys，
A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰
2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his
mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.
A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever
3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University
far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a
room near the office where he works.
A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 购买 D. 参观
C
A
B
4. The official asked the man what his
occupation was. The man told him that
he worked as an engineer.
A. work B. study C. name D. interest
5. The old woman has a strange habit to
keep over 100 cats in her house. Her
neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.
A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的
C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者
6. In many countries there are two financial
extremes, from penury to great wealth.
A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱
A
B
C
7. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is
the silent type.
A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C.爱说话的 D. 可爱的
8. Those new comers were not used to the life in
the suburbs which was so different from that
inside the city.
A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house
9. This boy is not stupid, on the contrary, no one
could be more intelligent.
A. 勤奋的 B. 愚蠢的 C. 聪明的 D. 情报
C
C
C
10. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dad’s car is bigger than your Dad’s,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”
The word “boasting” means _____.
A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚
B
Inquiry-based Activities (II)
探究活动 (2)
Passage 1.
We can not feel speed. But our sense let us know that we are moving. We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken.
We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed. But we notice it for only a short time. For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.
1. Acceleration is the name for _______.
A. any kind of movement
B. the movement of a plane
C. a steady speed D. an increase in speed
Passage 2.
All the athletes try to be at the closing ceremony. They have forgotten all their fears and worries. It does not matter whether they have done well or not. All the teams walk round the stadium together. Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave. Everyone is hunting for local products. People exchange track suits, hats, running vest and so on. There is a last chance to take photographs and get addresses of new friends. Then each team starts its journey home.
5. The underline phrase “clears up” in the paragraph means______.
A. packs up B. goes away
C. makes clear D. does the cleaning
Passage 3
The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever.
The underlined word “banished” mean_______.
A. killed by stoning B. sent away
C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping
B
Passage 4
My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a stick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.
What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean
A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. challenging
B
Passage 5
Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future.
The word “jeopardize” means _____ in this text.
A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop
B
方法总结与例析探究
湘乡市第三中学　周洪敦 主讲例 析 与 探 究【例】The modern age of medicine began with thestethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing.【悟】由生词后的_______(从句)或定语从句可猜词义，也就是_____猜词法。常见信息词____________________________________________________听病人心脏跳动和呼吸【析】同位语部分意思是，stethoscope是用来_______________________的仪器，也即__________。“听诊器”mean,the same as, that is to say, in other words, ...同位语定义湘乡市第三中学　周洪敦 主讲例 析 与 探 究【悟】根据对比关系猜测词义。句中有__________________________________________________________等表转折的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可猜测生词词义。【析】in contrast表示_____，supercilious与modest意义相对应，可猜出supercilious意为__________________。对比“傲慢的；目空一切的”but, however,yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead【例】Andrew is one of the mostsuperciliousmen I knew. His brother in contrast, is quite modest.例 析 与 探 究
【悟】根据______关系猜测词义。表示_____关系的信息词有：___________________________________等。
【析】 thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此_______________________，这样可知sacrifice意思应该为“______________”。
失去了许多学习的时间
牺牲；失去
因果
因果
because, so, therefore, thus, so...that
【例】 I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time.
湘乡市第三中学　周洪敦 主讲例 析 与 探 究【例】 His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized—noalcohol, no cigarette and no anger.【悟】根据________关系猜测词义。表______关系的信息词有and, or, namely, that is to say, in other words等。【析】由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推知，alcohol意为_________。“酒精”同等同等湘乡市第三中学　周洪敦 主讲例 析 与 探 究【例】In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting orfilteringrole.【悟】根据_______________________猜测词义。这类_______________________往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。【析】句中_________与filtering含义相近，由________推测filtering意为______________。selectingselecting“筛选；选拔”同义词、近义词或反义词同义词、近义词或反义词湘乡市第三中学　周洪敦 主讲例 析 与 探 究【例】The pupilsassembledin front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.【悟】俗话说，“词不离句，句不离文”。特定的________往往是推测词义不可忽视的重要因素。【析】第二句有_______________________，很明显学生们是____________学校大厅前听校长宣布运动会的成绩。came together(聚到一起)“聚集到”上下文GOOD-BYE