2024届高考英语语法专题突破 专题1第1讲动词的时态和语态课件 (1)(共29张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语语法专题突破 专题1第1讲动词的时态和语态课件 (1)(共29张PPT) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-07-20 18:08:05 | ||
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(共29张PPT)
语法专题突破
第1讲 动词的时态和语态
英 语
内容索引
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
情境导入
I am Li Fan,chairman of the Students’ Union.I am writing① to draw your attention to some improper behaviour in our campus:littering and scribbling.It has been making② our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel③ ashamed whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.Recently,the Students’ Union has set④ up specific rules against such behaviour.I believe that,with the joint efforts of both teachers and students,our school will become⑤ a more enjoyable place in the near future.
用法感悟
①是 时,结构为: 。
②是 时,结构为: 。
③是 时,结构为: 。
④是 时,结构为: 。
⑤是 时,结构为: 。
现在进行
am/is/are+现在分词
现在完成进行
have/has been+现在分词
一般现在
谓语动词为动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式
现在完成
have/has+过去分词
一般将来
will+动词原形
考点解读
考点1 动词的时态
1.一般现在时
用法 例句
常常表示人的习惯或经常性发生的动作。常用的时间状语有always,usually,often,sometimes, every day等。 I usually do my homework in the evening every day.
我通常每天晚上做作业。
在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。
表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。 Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧。
2.一般过去时
用法 例句
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,three years ago,the other day等时间状语连用。 He arrived at school at 9:00 am yesterday.
他昨天上午九点到学校。
3.一般将来时
用法 例句
表示将来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定,常用“will/shall+动词原形”或者is/am/are going to do,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,next week等连用。 It is said that he will retire next month.
据说他将于下个月退休。
4.现在进行时
用法 例句
表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 He is playing basketball on the playground.
他正在操场上打篮球。
某些表示位置移动的动词,如go,come,leave,arrive,start,move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 John as well as his sister is setting off for Tokyo tomorrow morning.
约翰和他的姐姐明天早上要动身去东京。
5.过去进行时
用法 例句
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,three years ago,the other day等时间状语连用。 Mrs Green was preparing lunch at eleven this morning.
格林太太今天上午11点在准备午餐。
表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。 The teacher came in while the boy was reading a novel.
那个男孩正在读小说时老师进来了。
6.将来进行时
用法 例句
表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。 Don’t phone me between 5 and 6.We’ll be having dinner then.
五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。
7.现在完成时
用法 例句
表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间,但现在已经完成,且结果仍对现在有影响。 In the last few years,great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
表示一个动作从过去开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。
用法 例句
下列句型中常用现在完成时: It has been+一段时间+since从句 This/That/It is the first/second/...time that+现在完成时 This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting/...+名词+that+现在完成时 This is the first time that I have made a speech.
这是我第一次做演讲。
It is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.
这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。
8.过去完成时
用法 例句
表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。常见的时间状语有by,by the end of,by the time,until,before,since,后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。 I had put away my cellphone before my father came back.
在我爸爸回来之前我已经把我的手机收起来了。
在hardly/scarcely...when...,no sooner...than...等表示“一……就……”的句式中,主句常用过去完成时。当hardly,scarcely,no sooner置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。 No sooner had they rushed out of the house than it burnt down.
他们刚从房子里冲出去房子就烧塌了。
9.过去将来时
用法 例句
表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 She said she would retire the next year.
她说她明年就退休了。
I wondered what my son would say the next moment.
我想知道儿子紧接着会说什么。
10.现在完成进行时
用法 例句
常用来表示开始于过去某个时间,一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
这些年来,他们一直向我们杂志投稿。
表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.
最近我们常常见面。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.
2.This cycle (go) day after day:the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.
searched
考查时态。but后面的turned up nothing使用了一般过去时,search是与之并列的谓语动词,根据语境可知,此处描述的是过去发生的行为,故也要用一般过去时。
goes
考查时态。此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去,由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观性陈述,故用一般现在时。
3.Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year.
4.It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours earlier,I (be) at home in Hong Kong,with its choking smog.
was working
考查时态。根据句意可知,此处强调在过去的时间点正在进行的动作,因此用过去进行时。
had been
考查时态。根据前文的时态及时间状语A few hours earlier可知,本句应用过去完成时。
考点2 动词的语态
被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
Attention,please!A meeting will be held in the office at 8:00 am tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time.
请注意!明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
2.强调或突出动作的承受者
The woman was taken to hospital.
那位女士被送进了医院。
3.动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
[名师点津]含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态,由“情态动词(can,may,must,have to 等)+be+过去分词”构成。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals.Organic meat
(produce) without the use of drugs.
2.Confucius is honoured for setting the tone for much traditional Chinese music for thousands of years.He (think) to be a great educator.
is produced
考查时态和语态。根据上一句“Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals.”可知,此处应使用一般现在时,再根据主语Organic meat与谓语produce之间的被动关系可知,此处应使用被动语态。
is thought
考查时态和语态。该句表示孔子现在被认为是一位伟大的教育家。根据语境可知此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
3.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.
4.My washing machine (repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
had been trapped
考查时态和语态。游客被困发生在被救之前,表示过去的过去,因此要用过去完成时的被动语态。
is being repaired
考查时态和语态。洗衣机正在被修理,因此用现在进行时的被动语态。
技法图解
1.时态图解
【例1】 On Mondays and Fridays,she worked at a college giving students guidance so that they could have a good choice of career.On Tuesdays and Thursdays she helped out as a volunteer to give first aid to people without homes.And on weekends she (teach) local kids who needed extra help with their schoolwork.
分析:解本题时要运用语境综合判断法。根据上文“On Mondays and Fridays,she worked at a college giving students guidance so that they could have a good choice of career.On Tuesdays and Thursdays she helped out as a volunteer to give first aid to people without homes.”中的谓语动词可知此处应用一般过去时。
taught
【例2】 In the last 10 years or so,however,Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (get) more popular all over the world.
分析:考查时态。解本题时要运用时间状语判断法。根据时间状语“In the last 10 years or so”可知,本句应用现在完成时。
has got
2.语态图解
【例1】 As the construction goes on,more roads (build) and the metro system will be expanded which can reduce traffic jams.
分析:解本题时要运用主谓关系判断法。根据“the metro system will be expanded”可知此处应用一般将来时。more roads与build之间为被动关系,因此用被动语态。
【例2】 Owing to the vast areas and large population of China,diverse dialects can (find) in this great land,such as the Wu dialect in Shanghai,Hakka and Cantonese.
分析:解本题时要注意句中的情态动词,且dialects与find之间为被动关系,根据“含有情态动词的被动语态”的结构可知答案。
will be built
be found
语法专题突破
第1讲 动词的时态和语态
英 语
内容索引
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
情境导入
I am Li Fan,chairman of the Students’ Union.I am writing① to draw your attention to some improper behaviour in our campus:littering and scribbling.It has been making② our school dirty and unpleasant.I always feel③ ashamed whenever I see this.It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.Recently,the Students’ Union has set④ up specific rules against such behaviour.I believe that,with the joint efforts of both teachers and students,our school will become⑤ a more enjoyable place in the near future.
用法感悟
①是 时,结构为: 。
②是 时,结构为: 。
③是 时,结构为: 。
④是 时,结构为: 。
⑤是 时,结构为: 。
现在进行
am/is/are+现在分词
现在完成进行
have/has been+现在分词
一般现在
谓语动词为动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式
现在完成
have/has+过去分词
一般将来
will+动词原形
考点解读
考点1 动词的时态
1.一般现在时
用法 例句
常常表示人的习惯或经常性发生的动作。常用的时间状语有always,usually,often,sometimes, every day等。 I usually do my homework in the evening every day.
我通常每天晚上做作业。
在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
即使你不成功,他们也会支持你。
表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。 Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧。
2.一般过去时
用法 例句
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,three years ago,the other day等时间状语连用。 He arrived at school at 9:00 am yesterday.
他昨天上午九点到学校。
3.一般将来时
用法 例句
表示将来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定,常用“will/shall+动词原形”或者is/am/are going to do,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow,next week等连用。 It is said that he will retire next month.
据说他将于下个月退休。
4.现在进行时
用法 例句
表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 He is playing basketball on the playground.
他正在操场上打篮球。
某些表示位置移动的动词,如go,come,leave,arrive,start,move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 John as well as his sister is setting off for Tokyo tomorrow morning.
约翰和他的姐姐明天早上要动身去东京。
5.过去进行时
用法 例句
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,three years ago,the other day等时间状语连用。 Mrs Green was preparing lunch at eleven this morning.
格林太太今天上午11点在准备午餐。
表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。 The teacher came in while the boy was reading a novel.
那个男孩正在读小说时老师进来了。
6.将来进行时
用法 例句
表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。 Don’t phone me between 5 and 6.We’ll be having dinner then.
五点至六点之间不要给我打电话,那时我们在吃饭。
7.现在完成时
用法 例句
表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间,但现在已经完成,且结果仍对现在有影响。 In the last few years,great changes have taken place in my hometown.
在过去的几年里,我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
表示一个动作从过去开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。
用法 例句
下列句型中常用现在完成时: It has been+一段时间+since从句 This/That/It is the first/second/...time that+现在完成时 This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting/...+名词+that+现在完成时 This is the first time that I have made a speech.
这是我第一次做演讲。
It is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.
这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。
8.过去完成时
用法 例句
表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。常见的时间状语有by,by the end of,by the time,until,before,since,后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句。 I had put away my cellphone before my father came back.
在我爸爸回来之前我已经把我的手机收起来了。
在hardly/scarcely...when...,no sooner...than...等表示“一……就……”的句式中,主句常用过去完成时。当hardly,scarcely,no sooner置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。 No sooner had they rushed out of the house than it burnt down.
他们刚从房子里冲出去房子就烧塌了。
9.过去将来时
用法 例句
表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。 She said she would retire the next year.
她说她明年就退休了。
I wondered what my son would say the next moment.
我想知道儿子紧接着会说什么。
10.现在完成进行时
用法 例句
常用来表示开始于过去某个时间,一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.
这些年来,他们一直向我们杂志投稿。
表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.
最近我们常常见面。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.Pahlsson and her husband (search) the kitchen,checking every corner,but turned up nothing.
2.This cycle (go) day after day:the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.
searched
考查时态。but后面的turned up nothing使用了一般过去时,search是与之并列的谓语动词,根据语境可知,此处描述的是过去发生的行为,故也要用一般过去时。
goes
考查时态。此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去,由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观性陈述,故用一般现在时。
3.Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year.
4.It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours earlier,I (be) at home in Hong Kong,with its choking smog.
was working
考查时态。根据句意可知,此处强调在过去的时间点正在进行的动作,因此用过去进行时。
had been
考查时态。根据前文的时态及时间状语A few hours earlier可知,本句应用过去完成时。
考点2 动词的语态
被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
Attention,please!A meeting will be held in the office at 8:00 am tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time.
请注意!明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
2.强调或突出动作的承受者
The woman was taken to hospital.
那位女士被送进了医院。
3.动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
[名师点津]含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态,由“情态动词(can,may,must,have to 等)+be+过去分词”构成。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals.Organic meat
(produce) without the use of drugs.
2.Confucius is honoured for setting the tone for much traditional Chinese music for thousands of years.He (think) to be a great educator.
is produced
考查时态和语态。根据上一句“Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals.”可知,此处应使用一般现在时,再根据主语Organic meat与谓语produce之间的被动关系可知,此处应使用被动语态。
is thought
考查时态和语态。该句表示孔子现在被认为是一位伟大的教育家。根据语境可知此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。
3.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.
4.My washing machine (repair) this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
had been trapped
考查时态和语态。游客被困发生在被救之前,表示过去的过去,因此要用过去完成时的被动语态。
is being repaired
考查时态和语态。洗衣机正在被修理,因此用现在进行时的被动语态。
技法图解
1.时态图解
【例1】 On Mondays and Fridays,she worked at a college giving students guidance so that they could have a good choice of career.On Tuesdays and Thursdays she helped out as a volunteer to give first aid to people without homes.And on weekends she (teach) local kids who needed extra help with their schoolwork.
分析:解本题时要运用语境综合判断法。根据上文“On Mondays and Fridays,she worked at a college giving students guidance so that they could have a good choice of career.On Tuesdays and Thursdays she helped out as a volunteer to give first aid to people without homes.”中的谓语动词可知此处应用一般过去时。
taught
【例2】 In the last 10 years or so,however,Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) (get) more popular all over the world.
分析:考查时态。解本题时要运用时间状语判断法。根据时间状语“In the last 10 years or so”可知,本句应用现在完成时。
has got
2.语态图解
【例1】 As the construction goes on,more roads (build) and the metro system will be expanded which can reduce traffic jams.
分析:解本题时要运用主谓关系判断法。根据“the metro system will be expanded”可知此处应用一般将来时。more roads与build之间为被动关系,因此用被动语态。
【例2】 Owing to the vast areas and large population of China,diverse dialects can (find) in this great land,such as the Wu dialect in Shanghai,Hakka and Cantonese.
分析:解本题时要注意句中的情态动词,且dialects与find之间为被动关系,根据“含有情态动词的被动语态”的结构可知答案。
will be built
be found