张家口市2022－2023学年度高三年级第一学期期末考试
英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the weather like now
A. Warm. B. Cold. C. Windy.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I’d better take off this coat. It’s rather warm.
M: This is an incredible season. It was cold and windy when we left home this morning.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman do next
A. Look for a job. B. Hold an interview. C. Take a test.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: How is your job hunting
W: I’ve got shortlisted for Inova. But I will be tested before I can take an interview.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s wrong with John
A. He is badly ill.
B. He is under pressure.
C. He missed an appointment.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: Do you have an appointment with the doctor Aren’t you feeling well
M: No. I don’t need to see a doctor. I have an appointment with John, my friend, who is a doctor. He is under great pressure these days. So we’ll go swimming together to get him refreshed.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How will the woman get to Star Road
A. By subway. B. By car. C. By bus.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: It’s too late for the subway service. I can give you a lift.
W: It will be nice if you can just drive me to Star Road, where I can take the bus home.
M: No problem.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where will the speakers go
A. To their home. B. To the doctor’s. C. To the school.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: Maybe you need to stay home for another day.
W: I kept coughing but my temperature is OK now. Please drive me to school. I don’t want to miss too many lessons.
M: All right.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What has gone wrong
A. The washing machine. B. The electricity supply. C. The car.
7. How is the man feeling
A. Embarrassed. B. Relieved. C. Unhappy.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】M: What’s wrong with the washing machine I just can’t get it started.
W: It’s not the washing machine. It’s the power failure.
M: Power failure What can we do without electricity
W: I called the electricity service just now but the line is occupied. Maybe we should drive there to report this.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Why is the man calling
A. To confirm a reservation.
B. To apologize for a misunderstanding.
C. To make a change about the booking.
9. What does the woman promise to do for the man
A. To keep the table for him.
B. To arrange a table for more people.
C. To change the booking for another day.
10. When will the man arrive at the restaurant
A. By 7:00 p.m. B. By 7:45 p.m. C. By 9:30 p.m.
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Good evening. Is that the Ivy Restaurant
W: Good evening, sir. Yes. How may I help you
M: My name is Loid Smith and I have a booking at 7 p.m. this evening for 8 people.
W: Just give me one moment. OK, I find your reservation.
M: Well, I’m just calling to apologize and say that unfortunately we are running around 45 minutes late this evening. Are you OK to hold the table for me, please
W: Yes, that’s not a problem. Please don’t arrive any later than 7：45 p.m. as we do have another booking for that table at 9:30 p.m.
M: OK, brilliant. Thank you very much. See you soon.
W: See you.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. Where are the speakers
A. In a café. B. In a bakery. C. In a supermarket.
12. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Husband and wife. B. Friends. C. Workmates.
13. What does the woman recommend
A. A kind of bread. B. Some biscuits. C. Tea packets.
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Simon!
M: Oh, hi, Laura! I haven’t seen you for a while.
W: It has been ages, hasn’t it
M: How are things
W: All good. Thanks. I’m just picking up a few bits for dinner. It has been a long day for me so I don’t fancy cooking tonight.
M: I know the feeling. I have picked up some biscuits but I should probably go and get some meat and vegetables as well.
W: Have you tried Waitrose bread It’s perfect with a cup of tea.
M: No, but that sounds delicious. I will get some of them.
W: Hey, we should get a coffee together soon. Are you free next week
M: Yes, sure. I’ll be in touch. I’ll invite James, too.
W: Good idea. OK. Chat soon and enjoy those biscuits.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What’s the man’s suggestion
A. Wearing a necklace. B. Giving up black shoes. C. Choosing a formal dress.
15. Why does the man suggest the woman go without a scarf
A. It’s too informal.
B. It’s not necessary.
C. It doesn’t go with the dress.
16. How does the man sound
A. Uneasy. B. Bored. C. Patient.
【答案】14. A 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【原文】M: Are you ready for the party tonight
W: Yeah, almost. Can I get your advice on my dress It feels a bit too informal.
M: It looks lovely. But I see what you mean. Why not wear a necklace to dress it up a bit
W: Yeah, good plan. And what do you think about wearing a scarf
M: You can go without that. I think it’s going to be sunny today.
W: OK. And what about shoes
M: I suggest black heels. They go with everything.
W: Great! Can you wait a few more minutes
M: Sure. I can wait all my life.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What will be replaced by thicker ones
A. Some plastic cups. B. Some plastic bags. C. Some ice cream sticks.
18. Which is covered by the ban
A. Plastic cups. B. Water bottles. C. Bags of snacks.
19. What is the appeal of plastic producers
A. Putting off the ban.
B. Providing alternatives.
C. Creating job opportunities.
20. What is the concern of many people regarding the ban
A. Waste of wood.
B. Profits of their businesses.
C. Lack of government support.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【原文】M: India banned some single-use plastic products. For the first stage, it has identified 19 plastic items that aren’t very useful but have a high potential to become litter and makes it illegal to produce or sell them. These items range from plastic cups and straws to ice cream sticks. Some single-use plastic bags will also be replaced with thicker ones that can be reused. Thousands of other plastic products—like bottles for water or soda or bags of snacks—aren’t covered by the ban. But the government has set targets for producers to be responsible for recycling them after their use. Plastic producers had appealed to the government to delay the ban, saying it may cause potential job losses. But India’s environment minister said that the banned items were identified while keeping in mind the availability of alternatives like bamboo spoons and wooden ice cream sticks. But in the days leading up to the ban, many people said if plastic bags are stopped without a readily available and equally cost-effective replacement, their business will be affected.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Some under-30 travelers prefer to get around with people their own age. If that’s you, you’re in the right place! Follow us to South America and cover all of the highlights.
Start Lima, Peru
Finish Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Destinations Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru
Group size Min 1, Max 16
Why you’ll love this trip
·Wander in the Amazon jungle at night. Float (漂浮) down the river, keeping an eye out for the frightening eyes of jaguars and caimans.
·Tour the floating islands of Uros on Lake Titicaca. Spend the night under the stars in a traditional island village.
·Whether you trek (跋涉) the classic Inca Trail, the Inca Quarry Trail or take the scenic train route to Machu Picchu, trust us, this is going to be one of the highlights of your life.
·Don’t worry. We won’t occupy all of your time. You’ll have plenty of opportunity to bounce around Cusco, digging deep into the pockets of Inca history.
·Go to the strangely wonderful La Paz, from the wines of the Witches’ Market to the tasty treats of Mercado Lanza.
·Ever dreamt of walking on water Now’s your chance. The sprawling salt lakes of Bolivia serve up special photo opportunities.
·The Iguazu Falls is on the border between Argentina and Brazil, and you’ll be able to see it from both sides.
·Rio de Janeiro is a great place to end the trip. Party down with the locals and experience a culture at the beating heart of Brazil.
21. Where can the tourists learn about Inca history
A. In Lima. B. In Machu Picchu. C. In Cusco. D. In Rio de Janeiro.
22. What is the trip like
A. Relaxing and interesting. B. Adventurous and exciting.
C. Comfortable and refreshing. D. Educational and economical.
23. Which site can be admired from two different countries
A. The floating islands of Uros. B. The Inca Quarry Trail.
C. The Witches’ Market. D. The Iguazu Falls.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了一条去南美洲的青年旅行路线。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第五段“You’ll have plenty of opportunity to bounce around Cusco, digging deep into the pockets of Inca history.(你将有很多机会在Cusco到处转转，深入挖掘印加历史。)”可知，游客在Cusco可以了解印加历史。故选C。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据Why you’ll love this trip部分中“·Wander in the Amazon jungle at night. Float (漂浮) down the river, keeping an eye out for the frightening eyes of jaguars and caimans.(·晚上在亚马逊丛林中漫步。顺河而下，留意美洲虎和凯门鳄可怕的眼睛。)”以及“·Ever dreamt of walking on water Now’s your chance. The sprawling salt lakes of Bolivia serve up special photo opportunities.(梦想过在水上行走吗？现在是你的机会。玻利维亚广阔的盐湖提供了特殊的拍照机会。)”可推知，这次旅行冒险又刺激。故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“·The Iguazu Falls is on the border between Argentina and Brazil, and you’ll be able to see it from both sides.(·伊瓜苏瀑布位于阿根廷和巴西的边境，你可以从两边都看到它。)”可知，伊瓜苏瀑布可以从两个不同的国家欣赏。故选D。
B
Nenad Bach, an American composer and singer who lives with Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病) is the founder of “Ping-pong Parkinson”, a movement that promotes ping-pong as a therapy (疗法) to improve the lives of Parkinson’s patients worldwide.
After being diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease in 2010, Bach found that his tremors (颤抖) and other symptoms were keeping him from playing his guitar. But a friend introduced him to ping-pong, also known as table tennis, and he soon found that both his motor skills and his mood seemed to improve when he played. Bach’s doctor confirmed his improved state. And that’s when the idea for “Ping-pong Parkinson” took root.
In 2017, Bach worked with well-known New York Times crossword puzzle editor Will Shortz. Shortz also happens to be the owner of the Westchester Table Tennis Center. In October of 2019, the first Parkinson’s World Table Tennis Championship was held at the Center, attracting people with Parkinson’s disease from as far away as Sweden, Japan, Brazil, Croatia, England, and China.
Recently, a small study was conducted by scientists at Fukuoka University in Japan. People with Parkinson’s disease participated in a table tennis exercise program once a week for six months. Participants experienced significant improvements in facial expression, posture rigidity, speed of movement and hand tremors. They also experienced improvements in speech, handwriting, getting dressed, getting out of bed and walking.
Dr. Ken-ichi Inoue, the study’s author, comments, “While this study was small, with twelve participants, the results are encouraging because they show ping-pong, a relatively inexpensive form of therapy, may improve some symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.” Dr. Inoue is planning a much larger study to confirm his findings.
24. Why did Bach pick up ping-pong
A. He found it great fun.
B. He followed his doctor’s advice.
C. He wanted to improve his conditions.
D. His friend needed someone to play it with.
25. What can be inferred from the text
A. “Ping-pong Parkinson” met with wide objections.
B. Doing word puzzles benefits people living with Parkinson’s disease.
C. Bach taught people living with Parkinson’s disease to play the guitar.
D. The first Parkinson’s World Table Tennis Championship was held in the US.
26. What is a limitation of Dr. Inoue’s research
A. Small subject number. B. Short studying period.
C. Incomplete study aspects. D. Limited subject performances.
27. What’s the author’s intention in writing the text
A. To promote a sports event.
B. To tell the story of Nenad Bach’s struggle.
C. To introduce a therapy for Parkinson’s disease.
D. To present the findings of Nenad Bach’s research.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍Nenad Bach推广治疗帕金森病的乒乓球疗法，并且也介绍了一项这方面的研究成果。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But a friend introduced him to ping-pong, also known as table tennis, and he soon found that both his motor skills and his mood seemed to improve when he played. Bach’s doctor confirmed his improved state. ”（但一位朋友向他介绍了乒乓球，他很快发现，打乒乓球时，他的运动技能和情绪似乎都有所改善。巴赫的医生证实他的病情有所好转。）可知， Bach发现，打乒乓球可以改善他的运动技能和情绪，即巴赫学乒乓球是因为想改善自己的身体状况，故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“In 2017, Bach worked with well-known New York Times crossword puzzle editor Will Shortz. Shortz also happens to be the owner of the Westchester Table Tennis Center. In October of 2019, the first Parkinson’s World Table Tennis Championship was held at the Center, attracting people with Parkinson’s disease from as far away as Sweden, Japan, Brazil, Croatia, England, and China.”（2017年，巴赫与著名的《纽约时报》填字游戏编辑威尔·肖特兹合作。肖特兹碰巧也是威彻斯特乒乓球中心的老板。2019年10月，首届帕金森病世界乒乓球锦标赛在中心举行，吸引了来自瑞典、日本、巴西、克罗地亚、英国和中国的帕金森病患者。）可知，首届帕金森病世界乒乓球锦标赛是在美国举办，吸引了来自瑞典、日本、巴西、克罗地亚、英国和中国的帕金森病患者。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Dr. Ken-ichi Inoue, the study’s author, comments, “While this study was small, with twelve participants, the results are encouraging because they show ping-pong, a relatively inexpensive form of therapy, may improve some symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.” Dr. Inoue is planning a much larger study to confirm his findings.”（该研究的作者kenichi Inoue博士评论说：“虽然这项研究的规模很小，只有12名参与者，但结果令人鼓舞，因为它们表明乒乓球这种相对便宜的治疗方式可能会改善帕金森病的一些症状。”井上博士正计划进行一项规模大得多的研究，以证实他的发现。）可知，本次实验参与的人少，但是结果令人鼓舞。实验还需要大规模研究来确认研究结果。因此本次研究的局限是研究对象少。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。通读文章，根据第一段“Nenad Bach, an American composer and singer who lives with Parkinson’s disease(帕金森病) is the founder of “Ping-pong Parkinson”, a movement that promotes ping-pong as a therapy (疗法) to improve the lives of Parkinson’s patients worldwide.”（患有帕金森病的美国作曲家和歌手内纳德·巴赫是“乒乓帕金森”运动的创始人，该运动旨在促进乒乓球作为一种治疗方法来改善全球帕金森患者的生活。）介绍了治疗帕金森病的“乒乓帕金森”运动的创始人及其运动宗旨。同时结合第三段“In 2017, Bach worked with well-known New York Times crossword puzzle editor Will Shortz. Shortz also happens to be the owner of the Westchester Table Tennis Center. In October of 2019, the first Parkinson’s World Table Tennis Championship was held at the Center, attracting people with Parkinson’s disease from as far away as Sweden, Japan, Brazil, Croatia, England, and China.”（2017年，巴赫与著名的《纽约时报》填字游戏编辑威尔·肖特兹合作。肖特兹碰巧也是威彻斯特乒乓球中心的老板。2019年10月，首届帕金森病世界乒乓球锦标赛在中心举行，吸引了来自瑞典、日本、巴西、克罗地亚、英国和中国的帕金森病患者。）讲述了首届帕金森病世界乒乓球锦标赛的影响；倒数第二段中“Recently, a small study was conducted by scientists at Fukuoka University in Japan. People with Parkinson’s disease participated in a table tennis exercise program once a week for six months. Participants experienced significant improvements in facial expression, posture rigidity, speed of movement and hand tremors. They also experienced improvements in speech, handwriting, getting dressed, getting out of bed and walking.”（最近，日本福冈大学的科学家进行了一项小型研究。帕金森氏症患者每周参加一次乒乓球锻炼项目，持续6个月。参与者在面部表情、姿势僵硬、运动速度和手部颤抖方面都有了显著改善。他们在语言、书写、穿衣、起床和走路方面也有了改善。）提到了一项和治疗帕金森病的研究成果。因此，本文介绍Nenad Bach推广治疗帕金森病的乒乓球疗法，并且也介绍了一项这方面的研究成果。故选C。
C
At present, research shows that when employees reach the age of 50, they keep quiet about their age. They see fewer promotion prospects compared to younger employees. It’s also harder to get a new job after the age of 50.
But that is set to change. There is already skills shortage in the world with not enough younger people coming into the workforce. Employers will have to work harder at hiring seniors with the skills they need.
The Center for Ageing Better notes that we already have an older workforce and the qualities of older people are being more recognized. When teams mix older and younger workers, productivity goes up and complex problems find more novel solutions because the strengths and weaknesses of both groups are balanced. Age-diversity helps solve complex problems by bringing together a mix of ideas, skill strengths, and experiences. Older workers can draw on a lifetime of experience while younger workers may challenge outdated strategies and bring fresh perspective. Also, seniors’ greater life experience makes them better placed to manage themselves and others in the workplace compared with younger employees.
There are five recommendations the Center for Ageing Better makes, including minimizing age bias (偏见) in taking in employees and encouraging career development at all ages. The really big change that needs to come is to stop seeing older people as “other”, as different…
There are many people in their 80s and 90s who have never stopped working. They enjoy what they do and like the social aspect of work. But most, from 55 onwards choose to retire—with 25% regretting it, according to a recent study.
28. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Competition in the job market.
B. Worldwide skills shortage in the workforce.
C. Younger people’s declining promotion prospects.
D. Older people being at a disadvantage in workplaces.
29. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Qualities of older employees.
B. The advantages of age-diversity.
C. The challenges faced by an older workforce.
D. The complex problems that call for solutions.
30. What is the key to workforce composition
A. Minimizing age bias.
B. Giving up outdated strategies.
C. Launching career development programs.
D. Employing people from different backgrounds.
31. What can be learned about older people from the last paragraph
A. Some regret after retirement.
B. Some remain social after retirement.
C. Most don’t retire until their 80s or 90s.
D. Most keep updating their working skills.
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. A 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了老年人在生产力队伍中的作用正在获得更多认可的社会现象。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“At present, research shows that when employees reach the age of 50, they keep quiet about their age. They see fewer promotion prospects compared to younger employees. It’s also harder to get a new job after the age of 50.”(目前，研究表明，当员工达到50岁时，他们对自己的年龄保持沉默。与年轻员工相比，他们的晋升机会更少。50岁以后找新工作也更难了。)可知，人们到50岁后晋升前景黯淡，找工作难。所以第二段首句中“that”便是指代50岁以后找工作难的这种现象。故选D。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中“When teams mix older and younger workers, productivity goes up and complex problems find more novel solutions because the strengths and weaknesses of both groups are balanced. Age-diversity helps solve complex problems by bringing together a mix of ideas, skill strengths, and experiences. Older workers can draw on a lifetime of experience while younger workers may challenge outdated strategies and bring fresh perspective. Also, seniors’ greater life experience makes them better placed to manage themselves and others in the workplace compared with younger employees.”（当团队中年长和年轻的员工混合在一起时，生产力会提高，复杂的问题也会找到更新颖的解决方案，因为两个团队的优势和劣势都得到了平衡。年龄多样性通过汇集各种想法、技能优势和经验，帮助解决复杂的问题。年长的员工可以利用一生的经验，而年轻的员工可以挑战过时的策略，带来新的视角。此外，与年轻员工相比，老年人更丰富的生活经验使他们更有能力在工作场所管理自己和他人。）可知，年龄结构多样化有利于提高工作效率，解决工作中的复杂问题，且与年轻员工相比，老年人更丰富的生活经验使他们更有能力在工作场所管理自己和他人，因此本段主要讲述年龄多样化的好处。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“There are five recommendations the Center for Ageing Better makes, including minimizing age bias (偏见) in taking in employees and encouraging career development at all ages. The really big change that needs to come is to stop seeing older people as “other”, as different…”（老龄改善中心提出了5条建议，包括在录用员工时尽量减少年龄偏见，以及鼓励各年龄段员工的职业发展。真正需要做出的重大改变是，不要再把老年人视为“异类”，视为与众不同……）可知，提出的5条建议的关注点是“消除职场中的年龄偏见。”故选A。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But most, from 55 onwards choose to retire—with 25% regretting it, according to a recent study.”（但根据最近的一项研究，大多数人在55岁以后选择退休——25%的人对此感到后悔。）可知，多数人会选择55岁退休，其中的四分之一人会感到后悔。故选A。
D
Chemicals taken from sawdust (锯屑) and water can knock out more than 99 percent of some disease-causing microbes (微生物). That makes the sawdust mix a potential alternative to current microbe-killing chemicals.
Many disinfectants (消毒剂) used today can harm the environment. They form poisonous by-products when they get washed. Some potentially greener disinfectants exist. They rely on a chemical called “phenol (苯酚)”. But these cleaners can be costly and take a lot of energy to make.
Shicheng Zhang went searching for a better option. He’s an environmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Wood contains many molecules (分子) that look like phenol. So Zhang wondered if microbe-killing chemicals could be obtained from sawdust through a low-cost and low-energy process.
He and his fellow researchers cooked mixtures of water and sawdust for one hour. They heated this sawdust soup under pressure, and then filtered it. Later, they tested how well the liquid killed off microbes. This liquid wiped out E.coli bacteria—microbes that can cause food poisoning. The liquid also killed anthrax bacteria. These microbes cause dangerous infections. What’s more, the disinfectant stopped flu viruses from being infectious.
The researchers also added different amounts of water to the sawdust soup. That let them test how concentrated it had to be to knock out microbes. Depending on its concentration, the mix could kill more than 99 percent of the microbes.
Looking at killed microbes under a microscope revealed some of the ways the sawdust mix kills. The disinfectant damaged the microbes’ cell walls. It also may have messed with the microbes’ proteins and DNA.
Zhang and his fellow researchers didn’t stop at a sawdust disinfectant. They made disinfectants from other plant materials, too. Some of these started as bamboo powder. Others were made using rice plant. Plant materials that are richer in molecules that release phenol-like compounds are best at killing microbes. One example is corn straw.
32. What may be an advantage of Zhang’s sawdust disinfectant over existing ones
A. Being safer and more effective.
B. Being environment-friendly and less expensive.
C. Being less expensive and having more lasting effect.
D. Being more effective and having more lasting effect.
33. What gave Zhang the idea of the sawdust disinfectant
A. The absence of microbes in sawdust. B. The phenol-like molecules in wood.
C. The existence of a greener disinfectant. D. The possibility of being food poisoned.
34 How was Zhang’s research further carried out
A. By analyzing data from previous studies.
B. By identifying the ways different disinfectants kill.
C. By improving the process of dealing with by-products.
D. By comparing the effects of different concentrations of the mix.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. A Public Drive Aims to Greener Disinfectants
B. A Chinese University Grows Microbe-killing Plants
C. A Disinfectant Made from Sawdust Knocks out Microbes
D. A Chinese Team Made Breakthroughs in Disease Research
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国复旦大学张教授团队从锯屑水中提取消毒剂的一项研究。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Many disinfectants (消毒剂) used today can harm the environment. They form poisonous by-products when they get washed. Some potentially greener disinfectants exist. They rely on a chemical called “phenol (苯酚)”. But these cleaners can be costly and take a lot of energy to make.(今天使用的许多消毒剂会危害环境。当它们被清洗时，会形成有毒的副产品。存在一些可能更环保的消毒剂。它们依赖于一种叫做“苯酚”的化学物质。但这些清洁剂价格昂贵，需要大量的能源来制造)”以及第三段“Shicheng Zhang went searching for a better option. He’s an environmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Wood contains many molecules (分子) that look like phenol. So Zhang wondered if microbe-killing chemicals could be obtained from sawdust through a low-cost and low-energy process.(张士成开始寻找更好的选择。他是中国上海复旦大学的环境工程师。木材含有许多看起来像苯酚的分子。因此，张想知道是否可以通过低成本、低能耗的方法从锯末中获得杀死微生物的化学物质)”可知，与现有的木屑消毒剂相比，张的木屑消毒剂既环保又便宜。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Wood contains many molecules (分子) that look like phenol. So Zhang wondered if microbe-killing chemicals could be obtained from sawdust through a low-cost and low-energy process.(木材含有许多看起来像苯酚的分子。因此，张想知道是否可以通过低成本、低能耗的方法从锯末中获得杀死微生物的化学物质)”可知，木材中的苯酚分子让张产生了木屑消毒剂的想法。故选B。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“The researchers also added different amounts of water to the sawdust soup. That let them test how concentrated it had to be to knock out microbes. Depending on its concentration, the mix could kill more than 99 percent of the microbes.(研究人员还在木屑汤中加入了不同量的水。这样他们就可以测试出杀灭微生物所需的浓度。根据其浓度的不同，这种混合物可以杀死99%以上的微生物)”可知，张的研究通过比较不同浓度混合物的效果进一步开展。故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Shicheng Zhang went searching for a better option. He’s an environmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Wood contains many molecules (分子) that look like phenol. So Zhang wondered if microbe-killing chemicals could be obtained from sawdust through a low-cost and low-energy process.(张士成开始寻找更好的选择。他是中国上海复旦大学的环境工程师。木材含有许多看起来像苯酚的分子。因此，张想知道是否可以通过低成本、低能耗的方法从锯末中获得杀死微生物的化学物质)”结合文章主要介绍了中国复旦大学张教授团队从锯屑水中提取消毒剂的一项研究。可知，C选项“由锯末制成的消毒剂可以消灭微生物”最符合文章标题。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Revenge bedtime procrastination (报复性睡眠拖延症) refers to the decision to delay sleep in response to stress or a lack of free time earlier in the day. The addition of the word “revenge”, by the Chinese, to the concept of bedtime procrastination became popular on social media. ___36___ Both language versions reflect frustration tied to long, stressful work hours that left little time for personal enjoyment.
People who engage in bedtime procrastination know and generally want to receive enough sleep. ___37___ This is known as an intention-behavior gap.
Bedtime procrastination can cause sleep deprivation (缺乏). ___38___ Not getting enough sleep affects thinking, memory, and decision-making. Sleep deprivation also raises the risk of daytime sleepiness, which can harm productivity and academic achievement while increasing the risks of sleeping driving.
___39___ It causes difficulties in regulating emotions. It’s also been connected to mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It is also discovered that sleep deprivation worsens physical health, making people more easily to suffer from illnesses. Ongoing sleep loss consequences can build up over time. ___40___
The best solution for bedtime procrastination is creating good sleep patterns and a good sleeping environment. But remember that it will take more than one night to truly get into good sleep habits.
A. But they fail to actually do so.
B. The Chinese are noted for working long hours.
C. A lack of sleep is tied to mental and physical health.
D. Therefore, it contributes to significant long-term health problems.
E. We struggle to stay productive during the day to make up for the loss.
F. Without enough hours of sleep, the mind and body can’t properly recharge.
G. The English term “revenge bedtime procrastination” appeared from a translation of this expression.
【答案】36 G 37. A 38. F 39. C 40. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“报复性睡眠拖延”这个概念及其危害。
【36题详解】
下文“Both language versions reflect frustration tied to long, stressful work hours that left little time for personal enjoyment.(两种语言版本都反映了与长时间、压力大的工作时间有关的挫折感，这些工作时间几乎没有留给个人享受的时间)”说明前文用两种解释说明报复性睡眠拖延症的定义。空处用另一种语言版本说明报复性睡眠拖延症。G项中的“The English term ”和下文的“Both language versions”相呼应，表示“英语术语“报复性睡前拖延症”是从前面表达的翻译中出现的”。故选G。
【37题详解】
上文“People who engage in bedtime procrastination know and generally want to receive enough sleep.(睡前拖延症患者知道并普遍希望获得足够的睡眠)”说明睡前拖延症患者希望自己获得足够的睡眠。空处和前文为转折关系。A项中的But和前文构成转折关系，so指代前文中“want to receive enough sleep”，表明他们虽然希望自己获得足够的睡眠，但是却做不到。故选A。
【38题详解】
上文“Bedtime procrastination can cause sleep deprivation (缺乏).(睡前拖延会导致睡眠不足)”说明睡眠拖延会导致睡眠不足。空处承上启下，说明睡眠不足的害处，F项中的“Without enough hours of sleep”和上文相呼应，“the mind and body can’t properly recharge”和下文“Not getting enough sleep affects thinking, memory, and decision-making.”相呼应，说明睡眠不足，大脑和身体就无法正常充电。故选F。
【39题详解】
下文“It causes difficulties in regulating emotions. It’s also been connected to mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It is also discovered that sleep deprivation worsens physical health, making people more easily to suffer from illnesses. (它会导致情绪调节困难。它还与精神健康障碍有关，如抑郁和焦虑。研究还发现，睡眠不足会恶化身体健康，使人们更容易患病)”说明睡眠不足会从精神和身体上对人造成危害。空处为本段的主旨句。C项“睡眠不足与身心健康息息相关。”符合语境，适合作本段的主旨句。故选C。
【40题详解】
上文“Ongoing sleep loss consequences can build up over time. (持续睡眠不足的后果可能会随着时间的推移而累积)”说明持续睡眠不足危害很大。空处和前文为因果关系，表明持续睡眠不足会导致严重的长期健康问题。D项“因此，它会导致严重的长期健康问题。”符合语境。故选D。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Alyssa has a dog called Coby. Coby loves to sit out on her balcony (阳台) and ___41___ the world go by. He ___42___ every passer-by, but there’s one person he likes best, Alyssa’s neighbor Sherwin.
Sherwin lives in an apartment across the street from Alyssa. His kitchen window looks ___43___ across the street to her balcony, so Coby can often be ___44___ sitting on the balcony and staring at Sherwin’s home.
One morning, Sherwin was eating breakfast with friends when he ___45___ and saw Coby staring right at him. Sherwin was ___46___ about it and was happy to interact with Coby every day. Sherwin decided to do something ___47___ to let Coby know the “bromance (兄弟情)” was mutual.
Sherwin talked to Alyssa and they decided to create a ___48___ between their apartments so that Sherwin could pass ___49___ and toys to his new friend. They spent some time creating a clothesline pully system, and the next thing Sherwin did was ___50___ rotisserie chicken (烤鸡) across the street, much to Coby’s ___51___.
After weeks of interactions, Alyssa and Sherwin ___52___ an in-person meeting. Sherwin brought Coby a new toy, and the two instantly ___53___.
“Seeing him enjoying his toy was awesome,” Sherwin said. “It was like we had ___54___ each other for years. I’d say Coby and I are best friends. He’s the ___55___ dog.” It was Coby who decided to be friends, and Sherwin was totally game.
41. A. help B. watch C. hear D. let
42. A. greets B. disturbs C. ignores D. calms
43. A. particularly B. frequently C. directly D. largely
44. A. caught B. left C. prevented D. found
45. A. stayed away B. got away C. gave up D. looked up
46. A. frightened B. confused C. excited D. satisfied
47. A. strange B. annoying C. dangerous D. special
48. A. link B. relationship C. trust D. street
49. A. words B. treats C. tools D. costumes
50. A. sending B. buying C. making D. eating
51. A. credit B. pride C. relief D. delight
52. A. delayed B. arranged C. covered D. dismissed
53. A. bonded B. stopped C. returned D. relaxed
54. A. comforted B. respected C. known D. observed
55. A. poorest B. strongest C. sweetest D. bravest
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲是一只叫Coby的狗主动和住在对面的Sherwin示好，最后和Sherwin成为好朋友的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Coby喜欢坐在阳台上看外面的世界。A. help帮助；B. watch观看；C. hear听见；D. let让。根据上文“Coby loves to sit out on her balcony”和下文“every passer-by”可知，Coby是坐在阳台上观看外面的世界并和路过的人打招呼。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他和每一个过路人打招呼，但有一个人是他最喜欢的，那就是Alyssa的邻居Sherwin。A. greets打招呼；B. disturbs打扰；C. ignores忽视；D. calms使平静。根据下文“there’s one person he likes best”可知，Coby对人友善，因此是和路人打招呼。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他厨房的窗户正对着街对面她的阳台，所以经常可以看到Coby坐在阳台上盯着Sherwin的家。A. particularly尤其，特别是；B. frequently频繁地；C. directly直接地，径直地；D. largely很大程度上。根据下文“staring at Sherwin’s home”可知，Coby能盯着Sherwin的家，可见Sherwin的厨房的窗户正对着街对面Alyssa的阳台。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他厨房的窗户正对着街对面她的阳台，所以经常可以看到Coby坐在阳台上盯着Sherwin的家。A. caught抓住；B. left离开；C. prevented阻止；D. found发现。根据上一段“Coby loves to sit out on her balcony”可知，Coby被发现坐在阳台上。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：一天早上，Sherwin和朋友们一起吃早餐，他抬头一看，发现Coby正盯着他看。A. stayed away远离；B. got away离开，逃脱；C. gave up放弃；D. looked up向上看。根据下文“saw Coby staring right at him”可知，Sherwin向上看才能看到Coby正盯着他看。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sherwin对此很兴奋，很高兴每天都能和Coby互动。A. frightened害怕的；B. confused困惑的；C. excited兴奋的；D. satisfied满意的。根据下文“happy to interact with Coby”可知，Sherwin对Coby看他一事感到兴奋，很高兴每天都能和Coby互动。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Sherwin决定做一些特别的事情让Coby知道他们的“兄弟情”是相互的。A. strange奇怪的；B. annoying让人生气的；C. dangerous危险的；D. special特别的。根据下文“Sherwin talked to Alyssa and they decided to create a ___8___ between their apartments so that Sherwin could pass ___9___ and toys to his new friend”可知，Sherwin想让Coby知道他们的“兄弟情”是相互的，所以是想做点特别的事情来达到这个目的。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sherwin和Alyssa谈了谈，他们决定在他们公寓之间建立一个连接，这样Sherwin就可以给他的新朋友传递食物和玩具。A. link连接；B. relationship关系；C. trust信任；D. street大街。根据下文“They spent some time creating a clothesline pully system”可知，他们创造了一个晾衣绳滑轮系统，也就是在他们的公寓之间建立一个连接。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sherwin和Alyssa谈了谈，他们决定在他们的公寓之间建立一个连接，这样Sherwin就可以给他的新朋友传递食物和玩具。A. words词语；B. treats美味佳肴；C. tools工具；D. costumes服装。根据下文“rotisserie chicken (烤鸡) across the street”可知，Sherwin给他的新朋友传递的是食物，也就是美味佳肴。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们花了一些时间创造了一个晾衣绳滑轮系统，接下来Sherwin做的是把烤鸡送到街对面，这让Coby很高兴。A. sending发送；B. buying买；C. making制作；D. eating吃。根据下文“across the street”可知，Sherwin是把烤鸡送到街对面，故选A。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们花了一些时间创造了一个晾衣绳滑轮系统，接下来Sherwin做是把烤鸡送到街对面，这让Coby很高兴。A. credit信用，信贷；B. pride骄傲；C. relief宽慰，轻松；D. delight高兴。根据上文“rotisserie chicken (烤鸡) across the street”可知，Sherwin给Coby送烤鸡，Coby当然高兴。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几周的互动，Alyssa和Sherwin安排了一次面对面的会面。A. delayed推迟；B. arranged安排；C. covered覆盖；D. dismissed开除。根据下文“an in-person meeting”可知，Alyssa和Sherwin应该是安排一次见面。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Sherwin给Coby带来了一个新玩具，二者立刻建立了联系。A. bonded建立亲密关系；B. stopped停止；C. returned回来；D. relaxed使放松。根据下文“I’d say Coby and I are best friends”可知，他们是最好的朋友，也就是他们建立了一种亲密关系。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就好像我们已经认识很多年了。A. comforted安慰；B. respected尊敬；C. known认识；D. observed观察。根据下文“I’d say Coby and I are best friends”可知，Sherwin觉得Coby是自己是最好的朋友，因此就觉得好像已经认识很多年了。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是最可爱的狗。A. poorest最穷的；B. strongest最强大的；C. sweetest最惹人喜爱的，最可爱的；D. bravest最勇敢的。根据下文“It was Coby who decided to be friends”可知，Sherwin觉得是Coby先要和自己做朋友的，所以Coby是最可爱的狗。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
October is a beautiful season in Qufu, the birthplace of Confucius, east China’s Shandong Province. The Eighth Nishan Forum on World Civilization, ___56___ took place here from Monday to Wednesday, ___57___(provide) a platform for a dialogue among different civilizations. ___58___(theme) “Diversity of Human Civilization and Common Values of Mankind”, the forum saw over 600 participants join online and offline. They shared ___59___(view) on the thoughts of the ancient Chinese sage (智者), thus ___60___(throw) light upon possible solutions ___61___ the most pressing challenges of the times.
Participants agreed that the diversity of civilizations ___62___(be) the source of human progress and mutual learning. In ___63___ world where countries are ___64___(increasing) interdependent and share weal and woe (祸福), respecting diversity is key to closer ___65___(cooperate) and obtaining win-win outcomes.
【答案】56. which
57. provided
58. Themed 59. views
60. throwing
61. to 62. is
63. a 64. increasingly
65. cooperation
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是第八届尼山世界文明论坛的相关情况。
【56题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：第八届尼山世界文明论坛于周一至周三在这里举行，为不同文明之间的对话提供了一个平台。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词The Eighth Nishan Forum on World Civilization是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
【57题详解】
考查时态。句意：第八届尼山世界文明论坛于周一至周三在这里举行，为不同文明之间的对话提供了一个平台。空格处是主句谓语，由took可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填provided。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：本届论坛以“人类文明多样性和人类共同价值观”为主题，线上线下共有600多人参加。句中谓语是saw，空格处用非谓语动词，forum和theme之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Themed。
【59题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：他们分享了对中国古代圣人思想的看法，从而为解决当今最紧迫的时代挑战提供了可能的解决方案。view意为“看法”，是可数名词，结合语境可知此处看法不止一个，因此空格处用复数，故填views。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们分享了对中国古代圣人思想的看法，从而为解决当今最紧迫的时代挑战提供了可能的解决方案。句中谓语是shared，空格处用非谓语动词，空格后是结果，因此用现在分词表结果，作状语，故填throwing。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意：他们分享了对中国古代圣人思想的看法，从而为解决当今最紧迫的时代挑战提供了可能的解决方案。the solution to是固定搭配，意为“……的解决办法”，因此空格处是介词to，故填to。
【62题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：与会者一致认为，文明多样性是人类进步和互鉴的源泉。that引导的宾语从句所描述的内容是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语diversity是不可数名词，因此空格处用is，故填is。
【63题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在各国相互依存、休戚与共的世界，尊重多样性是加强合作、实现共赢的关键。此处表示“一个世界”，空格处用不定冠词，world是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。
【64题详解】
考查副词。句意：在各国相互依存、休戚与共的世界，尊重多样性是加强合作、实现共赢的关键。空格处用副词increasingly修饰形容词interdependent，increasingly意为“越来越”，故填increasingly。
【65题详解】
考查名词。句意：在各国相互依存、休戚与共的世界，尊重多样性是加强合作、实现共赢的关键。空处应填名词作介词to的宾语，cooperate的名词是cooperation，是不可数名词，意为“合作”，故填cooperation。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack对中国文化很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，告知他中国驻英国大使馆将于下月10日举办中国文化节的消息。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jack,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jack,
How are you Knowing that you’re interested in Chinese culture, I’m writing to tell you about the Chinese Culture Festival to be held by the Chinese embassy in London.
There will be art shows, kung fu performances and handcraft presentations at the festival. This is absolutely a great opportunity for you to experience Chinese culture first hand. Please do remember the time of the festival is the tenth of next month and check for more information at the embassy’s website.
Wish you a great time at the event.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jack写封邮件，告知他中国驻英国大使馆将于下月10日举办中国文化节的消息。
【详解】1.词汇积累
举办：hold →host
绝对：absolutely→definitely
机会：opportunity→chance
对……感兴趣：be interested in→show interest in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：There will be art shows, kung fu performances and handcraft presentations at the festival.
拓展句：There will be activities which include art shows, kung fu performances and handcraft presentations at the festival.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you’re interested in Chinese culture, I’m writing to tell you about the Chinese Culture Festival to be held by the Chinese embassy in London. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Please do remember the time of the festival is the tenth of next month and check for more information at the embassy’s website. (运用了that引导的宾语从句，省略了that)
第二节 (满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Dave had loved basketball for as long as he could remember and he had never had a day without playing it. At primary school and junior high school he joined basketball clubs, attended training programs and watched basketball games, from which he learned the moves of the star players, wishing to play in a professional team like them and shine on the court.
Now as a senior high school student, however, his dream of becoming a professional player was dimming (变暗) because he was only of average height. He had to give up the hope of joining the school team. The guys on the school team were all tall boys who played matches and won honors for the school. They were like heroes. Dave watched them play and cheered them but he knew he would never be one of them.
Dave felt it a pity not to be tall enough, but this didn’t stop him from pouring his passion into basketball. He just played for the love of the sport. He played in the school gym with other boys or by himself every day, even during holidays and weekends, when it was open for two hours in the morning. He enjoyed every minute on the court making every effort to play better.
It was one Saturday morning. Dave was playing in the gym by himself, as all the other boys were busy with other weekend affairs. Then he noticed a tall boy approaching. It was Lankas. Everybody knows him as captain of the school basketball team. “Hi, Lankas,” Dave greeted him. “My name is Dave.” “Hi, Dave,” Lankas replied as he got closer. “Nice to see you here. Do you need an opponent to play against ” Dave was shocked, frozen right there, unable to believe his ears but somehow, he answered, “Why not ”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So, a game of two players began.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The next Saturday, when Dave was playing in the gym, Lankas appeared shouting, “Dave, I have good news for you.”
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 So, a game of two players began. Dave went all out to play against this tough opponent, forgetting all about his height. It was a game he could play to his heart’s content. Each shot was hard-earned. Soon they were sweating like a pig. To Dave, there was nothing like playing against someone like Lankas. It was more like an enjoyment than a challenge. Two hours passed before they knew it. The two thanked each other and said goodbye. Dave was secretly expecting another chance to play with Lankas.
The next Saturday, when Dave was playing in the gym, Lankas appeared shouting, “Dave, I have good news for you.” Dave stopped playing and the two had a talk. He learned that Lankas talked with the coach about Dave and their game the week before and the coach agreed to take Dave as a member of the team. At the news, Dave had to hold back his tears of joy and couldn’t help jumping up. Lankas patted Dave on the shoulder, “Hi, buddy, do you need an opponent to play against ”
【解析】
【导语】文章以事件发展为线索展开。Dave自小就喜欢篮球运动，小学和初中他参加了篮球俱乐部，通过训练和观看比赛，他学习了许多明星球员的动作，希望能像他们一样在专业球队打球，在球场上发光。然而，现在作为一名高中生，他成为职业球员的梦想变得越来越渺茫，因为他只有中等身高。他知道自己永远不会成为他们中的一员。但这并没有阻止他把自己的激情倾注到篮球上。他每天都在体育馆里和其他男孩一起玩，或者一个人玩，他享受在球场上的每一分钟，尽一切努力打得更好。一个星期六的早晨。就在Dave一个人在体育馆里玩球时，学校篮球队的队长Lankas走近他并提出和Dave打对抗赛的要求。
【详解】1. 段落续写
①根据第一段首句“于是，一场两人博弈开始了。”可知，接下来的内容可以描写Dave和Lankas两人之间的对抗比赛的过程和结果。
②根据第二段首句“第二个星期六，当Dave在体育馆里玩的时候，Lankas出现了，喊道：‘Dave，我有个好消息要告诉你。’”可知，接下来的内容可以描述Lankas带来的好消息的细节以及这个消息带给Dave的影响。
2. 续写线索
比赛开始——比赛过程——比赛结果——好消息——听到消息后的激动——安慰
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①全力以赴：go all out/spare no effort/make every effort
②出汗：sweat/perspire
③与……对抗：play against/compete against/fight against
情绪类
①愉快：enjoyment/delight
②心满意足地：to one’s content/satisfactorily/approvingly/with satisfaction
【点睛】【高分句型1】
It was a game he could play to his heart’s content. (运用了省略关系代词引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】
He learned that Lankas talked with the coach about Dave and their game the week before and the coach agreed to take Dave as a member of the team. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)张家口市2022－2023学年度高三年级第一学期期末考试
英语
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt
A.￡19.15. B.￡9.18. C.￡9.15.
答案是C。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the weather like now
A. Warm. B. Cold. C. Windy.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the woman do next
A. Look for a job. B. Hold an interview. C. Take a test.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What’s wrong with John
A. He is badly ill.
B. He is under pressure.
C. He missed an appointment.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How will the woman get to Star Road
A. By subway. B. By car. C. By bus.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where will the speakers go
A. To their home. B. To the doctor’s. C. To the school.
第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What has gone wrong
A. The washing machine. B. The electricity supply. C. The car.
7. How is the man feeling
A. Embarrassed. B. Relieved. C. Unhappy.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. Why is the man calling
A. To confirm a reservation.
B. To apologize for a misunderstanding.
C. To make a change about the booking.
9. What does the woman promise to do for the man
A. To keep the table for him.
B. To arrange a table for more people.
C. To change the booking for another day.
10. When will the man arrive at the restaurant
A. By 7:00 p.m. B. By 7:45 p.m. C. By 9:30 p.m.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. Where are the speakers
A. In a café. B. In a bakery. C. In a supermarket.
12. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Husband and wife. B. Friends. C. Workmates.
13. What does the woman recommend
A. A kind of bread. B. Some biscuits. C. Tea packets.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What’s the man’s suggestion
A. Wearing a necklace. B. Giving up black shoes. C. Choosing a formal dress.
15. Why does the man suggest the woman go without a scarf
A. It’s too informal.
B. It’s not necessary.
C. It doesn’t go with the dress.
16. How does the man sound
A. Uneasy. B. Bored. C. Patient.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What will be replaced by thicker ones
A. Some plastic cups. B. Some plastic bags. C. Some ice cream sticks.
18. Which is covered by the ban
A. Plastic cups. B. Water bottles. C. Bags of snacks.
19. What is the appeal of plastic producers
A. Putting off the ban.
B. Providing alternatives.
C. Creating job opportunities.
20. What is the concern of many people regarding the ban
A. Waste of wood.
B. Profits of their businesses.
C. Lack of government support.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Some under-30 travelers prefer to get around with people their own age. If that’s you, you’re in the right place! Follow us to South America and cover all of the highlights.
Start Lima, Peru
Finish Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Destinations Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Peru
Group size Min 1, Max 16
Why you’ll love this trip
·Wander in the Amazon jungle at night. Float (漂浮) down the river, keeping an eye out for the frightening eyes of jaguars and caimans.
·Tour the floating islands of Uros on Lake Titicaca. Spend the night under the stars in a traditional island village.
·Whether you trek (跋涉) the classic Inca Trail, the Inca Quarry Trail or take the scenic train route to Machu Picchu, trust us, this is going to be one of the highlights of your life.
·Don’t worry. We won’t occupy all of your time. You’ll have plenty of opportunity to bounce around Cusco, digging deep into the pockets of Inca history.
·Go to the strangely wonderful La Paz, from the wines of the Witches’ Market to the tasty treats of Mercado Lanza.
·Ever dreamt of walking on water Now’s your chance. The sprawling salt lakes of Bolivia serve up special photo opportunities.
·The Iguazu Falls is on the border between Argentina and Brazil, and you’ll be able to see it from both sides.
·Rio de Janeiro is a great place to end the trip. Party down with the locals and experience a culture at the beating heart of Brazil.
21. Where can the tourists learn about Inca history
A. In Lima. B. In Machu Picchu. C. In Cusco. D. In Rio de Janeiro.
22. What is the trip like
A. Relaxing and interesting. B. Adventurous and exciting.
C. Comfortable and refreshing. D. Educational and economical.
23. Which site can be admired from two different countries
A. The floating islands of Uros. B. The Inca Quarry Trail.
C. The Witches’ Market. D. The Iguazu Falls.
B
Nenad Bach, an American composer and singer who lives with Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病) is the founder of “Ping-pong Parkinson”, a movement that promotes ping-pong as a therapy (疗法) to improve the lives of Parkinson’s patients worldwide.
After being diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease in 2010, Bach found that his tremors (颤抖) and other symptoms were keeping him from playing his guitar. But a friend introduced him to ping-pong, also known as table tennis, and he soon found that both his motor skills and his mood seemed to improve when he played. Bach’s doctor confirmed his improved state. And that’s when the idea for “Ping-pong Parkinson” took root.
In 2017, Bach worked with well-known New York Times crossword puzzle editor Will Shortz. Shortz also happens to be the owner of the Westchester Table Tennis Center. In October of 2019, the first Parkinson’s World Table Tennis Championship was held at the Center, attracting people with Parkinson’s disease from as far away as Sweden, Japan, Brazil, Croatia, England, and China.
Recently, a small study was conducted by scientists at Fukuoka University in Japan. People with Parkinson’s disease participated in a table tennis exercise program once a week for six months. Participants experienced significant improvements in facial expression, posture rigidity, speed of movement and hand tremors. They also experienced improvements in speech, handwriting, getting dressed, getting out of bed and walking.
Dr. Ken-ichi Inoue, the study’s author, comments, “While this study was small, with twelve participants, the results are encouraging because they show ping-pong, a relatively inexpensive form of therapy, may improve some symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.” Dr. Inoue is planning a much larger study to confirm his findings.
24. Why did Bach pick up ping-pong
A. He found it great fun.
B. He followed his doctor’s advice.
C. He wanted to improve his conditions.
D. His friend needed someone to play it with.
25. What can be inferred from the text
A. “Ping-pong Parkinson” met with wide objections.
B. Doing word puzzles benefits people living with Parkinson’s disease.
C. Bach taught people living with Parkinson’s disease to play the guitar.
D. The first Parkinson’s World Table Tennis Championship was held in the US.
26. What is a limitation of Dr. Inoue’s research
A. Small subject number. B. Short studying period.
C. Incomplete study aspects. D. Limited subject performances.
27. What’s the author’s intention in writing the text
A. To promote a sports event.
B. To tell the story of Nenad Bach’s struggle.
C. To introduce a therapy for Parkinson’s disease.
D. To present the findings of Nenad Bach’s research.
C
At present, research shows that when employees reach the age of 50, they keep quiet about their age. They see fewer promotion prospects compared to younger employees. It’s also harder to get a new job after the age of 50.
But that is set to change. There is already skills shortage in the world with not enough younger people coming into the workforce. Employers will have to work harder at hiring seniors with the skills they need.
The Center for Ageing Better notes that we already have an older workforce and the qualities of older people are being more recognized. When teams mix older and younger workers, productivity goes up and complex problems find more novel solutions because the strengths and weaknesses of both groups are balanced. Age-diversity helps solve complex problems by bringing together a mix of ideas, skill strengths, and experiences. Older workers can draw on a lifetime of experience while younger workers may challenge outdated strategies and bring fresh perspective. Also, seniors’ greater life experience makes them better placed to manage themselves and others in the workplace compared with younger employees.
There are five recommendations the Center for Ageing Better makes, including minimizing age bias (偏见) in taking in employees and encouraging career development at all ages. The really big change that needs to come is to stop seeing older people as “other”, as different…
There are many people in their 80s and 90s who have never stopped working. They enjoy what they do and like the social aspect of work. But most, from 55 onwards choose to retire—with 25% regretting it, according to a recent study.
28. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Competition in the job market.
B. Worldwide skills shortage in the workforce.
C. Younger people’s declining promotion prospects.
D. Older people being at a disadvantage in workplaces.
29. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A. Qualities of older employees.
B. The advantages of age-diversity.
C. The challenges faced by an older workforce.
D The complex problems that call for solutions.
30. What is the key to workforce composition
A. Minimizing age bias.
B. Giving up outdated strategies.
C. Launching career development programs.
D. Employing people from different backgrounds.
31. What can be learned about older people from the last paragraph
A. Some regret after retirement.
B. Some remain social after retirement.
C. Most don’t retire until their 80s or 90s.
D. Most keep updating their working skills.
D
Chemicals taken from sawdust (锯屑) and water can knock out more than 99 percent of some disease-causing microbes (微生物). That makes the sawdust mix a potential alternative to current microbe-killing chemicals.
Many disinfectants (消毒剂) used today can harm the environment. They form poisonous by-products when they get washed. Some potentially greener disinfectants exist. They rely on a chemical called “phenol (苯酚)”. But these cleaners can be costly and take a lot of energy to make.
Shicheng Zhang went searching for a better option. He’s an environmental engineer at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Wood contains many molecules (分子) that look like phenol. So Zhang wondered if microbe-killing chemicals could be obtained from sawdust through a low-cost and low-energy process.
He and his fellow researchers cooked mixtures of water and sawdust for one hour. They heated this sawdust soup under pressure, and then filtered it. Later, they tested how well the liquid killed off microbes. This liquid wiped out E.coli bacteria—microbes that can cause food poisoning. The liquid also killed anthrax bacteria. These microbes cause dangerous infections. What’s more, the disinfectant stopped flu viruses from being infectious.
The researchers also added different amounts of water to the sawdust soup. That let them test how concentrated it had to be to knock out microbes. Depending on its concentration, the mix could kill more than 99 percent of the microbes.
Looking at killed microbes under a microscope revealed some of the ways the sawdust mix kills. The disinfectant damaged the microbes’ cell walls. It also may have messed with the microbes’ proteins and DNA.
Zhang and his fellow researchers didn’t stop at a sawdust disinfectant. They made disinfectants from other plant materials, too. Some of these started as bamboo powder. Others were made using rice plant. Plant materials that are richer in molecules that release phenol-like compounds are best at killing microbes. One example is corn straw.
32. What may be an advantage of Zhang’s sawdust disinfectant over existing ones
A. Being safer and more effective.
B. Being environment-friendly and less expensive.
C. Being less expensive and having more lasting effect.
D. Being more effective and having more lasting effect.
33. What gave Zhang the idea of the sawdust disinfectant
A. The absence of microbes in sawdust. B. The phenol-like molecules in wood.
C. The existence of a greener disinfectant. D. The possibility of being food poisoned.
34. How was Zhang’s research further carried out
A. By analyzing data from previous studies.
B. By identifying the ways different disinfectants kill.
C. By improving the process of dealing with by-products.
D. By comparing the effects of different concentrations of the mix.
35. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. A Public Drive Aims to Greener Disinfectants
B. A Chinese University Grows Microbe-killing Plants
C. A Disinfectant Made from Sawdust Knocks out Microbes
D. A Chinese Team Made Breakthroughs in Disease Research
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Revenge bedtime procrastination (报复性睡眠拖延症) refers to the decision to delay sleep in response to stress or a lack of free time earlier in the day. The addition of the word “revenge”, by the Chinese, to the concept of bedtime procrastination became popular on social media. ___36___ Both language versions reflect frustration tied to long, stressful work hours that left little time for personal enjoyment.
People who engage in bedtime procrastination know and generally want to receive enough sleep. ___37___ This is known as an intention-behavior gap.
Bedtime procrastination can cause sleep deprivation (缺乏). ___38___ Not getting enough sleep affects thinking, memory, and decision-making. Sleep deprivation also raises the risk of daytime sleepiness, which can harm productivity and academic achievement while increasing the risks of sleeping driving.
___39___ It causes difficulties in regulating emotions. It’s also been connected to mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It is also discovered that sleep deprivation worsens physical health, making people more easily to suffer from illnesses. Ongoing sleep loss consequences can build up over time. ___40___
The best solution for bedtime procrastination is creating good sleep patterns and a good sleeping environment. But remember that it will take more than one night to truly get into good sleep habits.
A. But they fail to actually do so.
B. The Chinese are noted for working long hours.
C. A lack of sleep is tied to mental and physical health.
D. Therefore, it contributes to significant long-term health problems.
E. We struggle to stay productive during the day to make up for the loss.
F. Without enough hours of sleep, the mind and body can’t properly recharge.
G. The English term “revenge bedtime procrastination” appeared from a translation of this expression.
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Alyssa has a dog called Coby. Coby loves to sit out on her balcony (阳台) and ___41___ the world go by. He ___42___ every passer-by but there’s one person he likes best, Alyssa’s neighbor Sherwin.
Sherwin lives in an apartment across the street from Alyssa. His kitchen window looks ___43___ across the street to her balcony, so Coby can often be ___44___ sitting on the balcony and staring at Sherwin’s home.
One morning, Sherwin was eating breakfast with friends when he ___45___ and saw Coby staring right at him. Sherwin was ___46___ about it and was happy to interact with Coby every day. Sherwin decided to do something ___47___ to let Coby know the “bromance (兄弟情)” was mutual.
Sherwin talked to Alyssa and they decided to create a ___48___ between their apartments so that Sherwin could pass ___49___ and toys to his new friend. They spent some time creating a clothesline pully system, and the next thing Sherwin did was ___50___ rotisserie chicken (烤鸡) across the street, much to Coby’s ___51___.
After weeks of interactions, Alyssa and Sherwin ___52___ an in-person meeting. Sherwin brought Coby a new toy, and the two instantly ___53___.
“Seeing him enjoying his toy was awesome,” Sherwin said. “It was like we had ___54___ each other for years. I’d say Coby and I are best friends. He’s the ___55___ dog.” It was Coby who decided to be friends, and Sherwin was totally game.
41. A. help B. watch C. hear D. let
42. A. greets B. disturbs C. ignores D. calms
43. A. particularly B. frequently C. directly D. largely
44. A. caught B. left C. prevented D. found
45. A. stayed away B. got away C. gave up D. looked up
46. A. frightened B. confused C. excited D. satisfied
47. A. strange B. annoying C. dangerous D. special
48. A. link B. relationship C. trust D. street
49 A. words B. treats C. tools D. costumes
50. A. sending B. buying C. making D. eating
51. A. credit B. pride C. relief D. delight
52. A. delayed B. arranged C. covered D. dismissed
53. A. bonded B. stopped C. returned D. relaxed
54. A. comforted B. respected C. known D. observed
55. A. poorest B. strongest C. sweetest D. bravest
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
October is a beautiful season in Qufu the birthplace of Confucius, east China’s Shandong Province. The Eighth Nishan Forum on World Civilization, ___56___ took place here from Monday to Wednesday, ___57___(provide) a platform for a dialogue among different civilizations. ___58___(theme) “Diversity of Human Civilization and Common Values of Mankind”, the forum saw over 600 participants join online and offline. They shared ___59___(view) on the thoughts of the ancient Chinese sage (智者), thus ___60___(throw) light upon possible solutions ___61___ the most pressing challenges of the times.
Participants agreed that the diversity of civilizations ___62___(be) the source of human progress and mutual learning. In ___63___ world where countries are ___64___(increasing) interdependent and share weal and woe (祸福), respecting diversity is key to closer ___65___(cooperate) and obtaining win-win outcomes.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
66. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack对中国文化很感兴趣，请你给他写一封邮件，告知他中国驻英国大使馆将于下月10日举办中国文化节的消息。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Dear Jack,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Dave had loved basketball for as long as he could remember and he had never had a day without playing it. At primary school and junior high school he joined basketball clubs, attended training programs and watched basketball games, from which he learned the moves of the star players, wishing to play in a professional team like them and shine on the court.
Now as a senior high school student, however, his dream of becoming a professional player was dimming (变暗) because he was only of average height. He had to give up the hope of joining the school team. The guys on the school team were all tall boys who played matches and won honors for the school. They were like heroes. Dave watched them play and cheered them but he knew he would never be one of them.
Dave felt it a pity not to be tall enough, but this didn’t stop him from pouring his passion into basketball. He just played for the love of the sport. He played in the school gym with other boys or by himself every day, even during holidays and weekends, when it was open for two hours in the morning. He enjoyed every minute on the court making every effort to play better.
It was one Saturday morning. Dave was playing in the gym by himself, as all the other boys were busy with other weekend affairs. Then he noticed a tall boy approaching. It was Lankas. Everybody knows him as captain of the school basketball team. “Hi, Lankas,” Dave greeted him. “My name is Dave.” “Hi, Dave,” Lankas replied as he got closer. “Nice to see you here. Do you need an opponent to play against ” Dave was shocked, frozen right there, unable to believe his ears but somehow, he answered, “Why not ”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
So, a game of two players began.
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The next Saturday, when Dave was playing in the gym, Lankas appeared shouting, “Dave, I have good news for you.”
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