2022-2023学年第二学期末八年级教学质量检测
英语答题卡 (
姓
名
准考证号
条形码粘贴区（居中）
缺考
违纪
注意事项
1.
答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真在规定位置贴好条形码。
2.
选择题必须使用
2B
铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用
0.5
毫米及以上黑色字迹的签字笔书写，要求字体公整，笔记清楚。
3.
严格按照题号在相应的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；
4.
保持卡面清洁，不装订，不要折叠，不要破损。
填涂样例
正确填涂
错误填涂
)
一、选择题
1 abcd 2 abcd 3 abcd 4 abcd 5 abcd 6 abcd 7 abcd 8 abcd 9 abcd 10 abcd 11 abcd 12 abcd 13 abcd 14 abcd 15 abcd 16 abcd 17 abcd 18 abcd 19 abcd 20 abcd
26 abcd 27 abcd 28 abcd 29 abcd 30 abcd 31 abcd 32 abcd 33 abcd 34 abcd 35 abcd 36 abcd 37 abcd 38 abcd 39 abcd 40 abcd 41 abcd 42 abcd 43 abcd 44 abcd 45 abcd
（1-20小题，每题1分；26-45小题，每题2.5分）
二、主观题
二、听力填表（共5小题，计10分） 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
三、短文还原（共5空，计10分） 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.
四、综合填空（共20空，计30分） 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 五、阅读表达 (共5小题，计10分) 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.
写作（共１题，计20分） My hobbies I have many hobbies. Among them, I like reading and travelling best. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________2022-2023学年第二学期末八年级教学质量检测
英语听力材料
(一)录音中有五个句子，每个句子听两遍，然后从每小题A、B、C中选出能对每个句子做出适当反应的答语。
1. What's your hobby
2. How's my trip plan to Los Angeles
3. Thank you very much for teaching me so well.
4. I won the first prize in today's speech contest.
5. I will go on a trip to Beijing.
(二)录音中有三个句子，每个句子对应一幅图片，每个句子听两遍，然后选择与句子内容相对应的图片。
6. Robert has a bad stomach ache.
7. If you want to make your travel interesting, you'd better read some articles about these places.
8. He is the hero of a story called Havoc in Heaven, who leads a group of monkeys against the rule of the Emperor in Heaven.
(三）录音中有五组对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。
9. M: Who is the tall man over there
W:Oh, it's Jack's father.
Q:What does Jack's father look like
10.W: Hi, David. Have you been to Hainan
M: No, I haven't. But I have been to Qingdao. It's really a beautiful city.
Q: Where has David been
11. W:Did you go to watch the basketball match last Sunday
M:Yes, they said it started at two forty-five, but in fact it started at three. Q:When did the basketball match start
12. M: Can I go to school this afternoon, doctor
W:Better not. You've got a fever. You need to rest at home.
Q:Where are they talking probably
13.M:Rose, is the bag yours
W:No, it isn't. Mine is green. I think it must be Cindy's. Her bag is blue with a picture of Snoopy.
Q:Which is Cindy's bag
(四)录音中有一段长对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。
M:Hi, Lucy.
W:Hi, Tom.
M:I have bought a new stamp. It looks very beautiful.
W:Really Let me have a look. Wow! It is really beautiful. Do you have any other stamps
M:Yes, I have a lot of stamps. My hobby is collecting stamps.
W:Oh, that's a good hobby. Many other people enjoy it as well.
M:What's your hobby
W:My hobby is collecting tickets. I have all kinds of tickets and I have learned a lot from them.
M:Wow. Do your classmates have hobbies
W: Yes, some like to fly kites, some like playing with dolls and others like reading.
M:Different people have different hobbies. Hobbies can make people very happy.
(五)录音中有三小段独白，听独白两遍后，根据独白内容，将信息配对。
18. I'm Jack. My friend David finds maths very difficult. He wants me to let him copy my homework. But I refuse him.
19.I'm Li Jun. I'm not tall and I am not good-looking. But I don't care about things.I always believe in myself. My parents sometimes can't understand what I do and say. I have too much pressure in communication.
20. I'm Peter. I went out with a group of friends yesterday. We saw a lady lying in the street. She looked very sick. Though I wanted to help her, my friends told me not to. I regret not saying anything. I feel ashamed of myself.
(六)听力填表。
请你认真听下面一段关于洋洋宾馆的广告，了解住宿情况，合理安排食宿。听广告两遍后，请你根据表格内容提示，记录相关信息，完成表格(每空一词)。
Welcome to Guangzhou.This is the Yangyang Hotel. We still have twenty double rooms ready for you now. They are on the tenth floor. And you can have a good look at the sight of the city. The price of each room is 500 yuan each night. Every morning from7:00 to 9:30,your breakfast is free. If you have more questions,just let me know. We hope to see you on November 7th. Thanks for choosing our hotel.
听力部分到此结束，请同学们继续做其他试题。2022-2023学年第二学期末八年级教学质量检测
英语试题参考答案和评分标准
一、听力测试（共25小题，1-20小题，每小题1分；21-25小题，每小题2分，总计30分）
1-5. BCBAA 6-8.BAC 9-13. AACBB 14-17.ACCA 18-20.CAB
21.twenty/20 22.sight 23.500 24. breakfast 25. November
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2.5分，计50分）
26-30. DAACC 31-35.ABCCD 36-40. CDBAD 41-45. BCCAA
评分说明:
1、1-20小题，每小题1分；21-25小题，每小题2分；与答案不符不得分。
2、26-45题，每小题2.5分；与答案不符，不得分。
三、短文还原（共5空，每小题2分，计10分）
46-50. CEDFA
评分说明
1. 本题共5分，每空2分；
2. 与答案不符，不得分。
四、综合填空（共20空，每空1.5分，计30分）
51. through 52. places 53. because 54. rainy 55. biggest
56. slowly 57. worse 58. thick 59. other 60.impossible
61. communicating 62. have stayed 63. talk 64. was doing 65. am writing 66. will/are going to/can like 67. was 68. to afford 69. can't wait 70. will/am going to show
评分说明
1、本题共10分，每空1.5分；
2、与所给答案不符不得分。
五、阅读表达 (共5小题，每小题2分，计10分)
71. 滴水之恩，当以涌泉相报。
72. They tell us when to say “Thank you”.
73. We should thank our parents.
74. We can learn to be independent.
75. My parents. I will help them do housework and study hard to make them not worried about my study. (开放性题，答案不唯一，合理即可。)
评分说明
1. 本题共10分，每小题2分；
2. 虽与答案表达方式不同，但与所给参考答案意思一致，无语言错误，也可酌情给分。
六、书面表达（共1题，计20分）
评分说明
要求考生用适当的时态、语态、句式和词语，完整准确地表达所提示的内容，并对开放性内容进行适当发挥，书写工整，分五档评分：
1.（18~20分）很好地完成了规定的写作任务。包含所有的内容要点，结构完整，语句通畅，意思清楚、连贯。使用较为丰富的语法结构和词汇，语法和词汇错误极少，书写规范。
2.（14~17分）较好地完成了规定的写作任务。基本上包含所有的内容要点，结构较为完整，语句完整，意思清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较少，书写较为规范。
3.（10~13分）基本上完成了规定的写作任务。包含主要内容要点，结构欠完整，少数语句不通顺，意思基本清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较多，书写基本规范。
4.（6~9分）未能按要求完成规定的写作任务。只包含少数内容要点，结构不完整，意思不够清楚。语法结构和词汇错误较多，影响理解，书写欠规范。
5.（0~5分）未能按要求完成规定的写作任务。只写出个别要点，结构不完整，多数语句不完整或者意思不明，语法和词汇错误很多，书写不规范。
One possible version:
My hobbies
I have many hobbies. Among them, I like reading and travelling best. Travelling not only makes me enjoy the beautiful scenery of different places but also opens up my eyes. I can learn about people and cultures in different places. I always experience a lot from my travelling. It’s also a good way for me to relax. Reading helps me get lots of knowledge. Good stories can help me relax. They open up a whole new world to me. Moreover, books are my good friends. When I read a great book, I will forget all my worries. This year, I will keep reading at least two good books. I will spend about half an hour reading every day. Besides, I plan to travel to Yunnan during the summer holiday. I really want to visit Kunming—the Spring City. I think I can have a good time there.2022-2023学年第二学期末八年级教学质量检测
英语试题
本试题共150分。考试时间为120分钟。
答卷前务必将姓名、班级写在答题纸上。所有试题的答案都写在答题纸上，考试结束，试题和答题纸一并收回。
一、听力部分（共25小题，计30分;每小题约有8秒钟的答题时间）
I. 录音中有五个句子，每个句子听两遍，然后从每小题A、B、C中选出能对每个句子做出适当反应的答语。（5分）
( )1.A.To be relaxed. B.Collecting coins. C.Very successful.
( )2.A.Can I help you B. Yes, thank you. C.Sounds wonderful.
( )3.A.I'm happy to hear that. B.Don't mention it. C.Thank you.
( )4.A.Congratulations! B.Great! C.Thanks!
( )5.A. Have fun. B.Good for you! C.With pleasure!
II．录音中有三个句子，每个句子对应一幅图片，每个句子听两遍，然后选择与句子内容相对应的图片。（3分）
6. _________ 7. __________ 8.____________
A. B C
III. 录音中有五组对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。（5分）
( )9. What does Jack's father look like
A.He is tall. B. He is short. C. He is fat.
( )10.Where has David been
A. To Qingdao. B. To Hainan. C.To Beijing.
( )11. When did the basketball match start
A.At 2:15. B.At 2:45. C.At 3:00.
( )12.Where are they talking probably
A.In a shop. B.In a hospital. C.In a park.
( )13.Which is Cindy's bag
A.The green one with Snoopy. B. The blue one with Snoopy.
C.The blue one with Superman.
IV．录音中有一段长对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题
的正确答案。(4分）
( )14.What is Tom's hobby
A.Collecting stamps. B. Collecting tickets. C.Collecting coins.
( )15.What has Lucy learned a lot from
A.Kites. B.Stamps. C.Tickets.
( )16. What does Lucy do
A.A presenter. B.A teacher. C.A student.
( )17.What does Tom say about hobbies
A.They can make people happy. B.They can make people tired.
C.They can make people lucky.
V. 录音中有3小段独白，听独白两遍后，根据独白内容，将信息配对。（3分）.
( )18.Jack A.have too much pressure in communication with his parents
( )19.Li Jun B.want to help a lady lying in the street
( )20.Peter C.refuse to let his friend copy his homework
VI. 听力填表。 (10分)
请你认真听下面一段有关洋洋宾馆的广告，了解住宿情况，合理安排食宿。听广告两遍后，请你根据表格提示记录相关信息，完成表格（每空一词）。
Information Card
Name It’s the Yangyang Hotel.
Number There are still 21.______ double rooms now.
Position and advantage They are on the tenth floor. And you can have a good look at the 22.______ of the city.
Price Each room is 23.______ yuan each night.
Meals Your 24.______ is free from7:00 to 9:30 every morning.
When to get there On 25.______7th.
二、阅读理解（共20小题，计50分）
阅读下列短文，然后从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能回答所提问题的最佳答案。
A
King's College Summer School is an annual (年度)training program for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English.Courses are given by the teachers of King's College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year's summer school will be from July 25 to August 15.More information is as follows:
Application (申请)date ★Students in New York should send their applications before July 18, 2013. ★Students of other cities should send their applications before July 16, 2013. ★Foreign students should send their applications before July 10, 2013. Courses ★English language Spoken English: 22 hours Reading and Writing: 10 hours ★American History: 16 hours ★American Culture: 16 hours
Steps ★A letter of self -introduction ★A letter of recommendation(推荐) The letters should be written in English with all necessary information Cost ★Daily lessons: $200 ★Sports and activities: $100 ★Travels: $200 ★Hotel service: $400 You may choose to live with your friends or relatives in the same city
Please write to: Thompson, Sanders1026 King's Street, New York, NY 10016, USA Email to: KC Summer School@
26．The training program mainly helps high school students to ________ .
A．speak and write English B．learn American culture
C．Learn American history D．improve students' English
27．Han Lei is from Beijing.He has to send his applications________ .
A．before July 10, 2013 B．before July 25, 2013
C．before July 18, 2013 D．before July 16, 2013
28．The summer training program includes all of the following except________ .
A．doing a part-time job B．taking courses C．having sports D．travelling
29．If you want to live at a relative's home in New York, you will have to pay the school________ .
A．$200 B．$400 C．$500 D．$900
30．What correct information can you get from the passage
A．The program will last two months.
B．You can email or ring up the school.
C．You can write to Thompson only in English.
D．Students in China can send applications on July 14.
B
Directed by Yang Yu, the new animated film (动画片) Ne Zha is now one of the most popular films in Chinese history. Based on the well-known novel Fengshen Yanyi, the film describes how Ne Zha fights against other people's prejudice (偏见) and finally becomes a hero.
Unlike traditional Ne Zha stories, the new film is modern and humorous. In the new film, Ne Zha is not a traditional hero. Instead, he is a very naughty (淘气的) kid. The film contains a lot of funny dialogue between Ne Zha and the other cute characters.
The film is full of beautiful scenes, such as the one set in the Dragon King's Palace, and the fight between fire and water. It is reported that more than 1,600 people were asked to create the animation (动画), and more than 1,300 special effects were made. With the help of 3D technology, the film takes the viewers on a journey into an exciting world and allows them to experience Ne Zha's amazing powers firsthand.
Above all, the newly developed storyline is the most successful part. The viewers get to follow Ne Zha as he grows up. His life is very difficult, and he has to overcome many problems: not only does he look strange, but also he is under a terrible curse which means he can only live for three years. To make things worse, people see him as a sign of bad luck and avoid him as much as they can. Because of this, Ne Zha becomes a bad boy who causes trouble wherever he goes. Yet with the help of his parents, teachers and friends, Ne Zha finally changes his mind and grows up. He protects others with his superpowers in a big battle and finally breaks the curse.
Teenagers will find Ne Zha educational because the film shows that with strong will, everyone can decide their own future.
31. Who is the director of the animated film Ne Zha
A. Yang Yu B. Fengshen Yanyi C. Dragon King D. Zhang Yimou
32.What is the most beautiful scene in the film
A.1,600 people in the animation
B. The fight between fire and water.
C.3D technology in the animation
D.A scene in Money King's Palace
33.What does the underlined word "curse" mean in the fourth paragraph
A.心情 B.石头 C.诅咒 D.风火轮
34.What happened to Ne Zha at the end of the film
A. His parents left him alone.
B. He became a bad boy.
C. He changed completely and protected others with his superpowers.
D. People don't like to play with him.
35. Why do people think the film is educational to teenagers
A. The animation Ne Zha has the similar storyline to the traditional movies.
B. Although people are unfriendly to Ne Zha, he still tries to be kind.
C. With the help of Ne Zha's parents, teachers and friends, he grew up.
D. The film encourages teenagers to try hard to decide their own future.
C
Do you think laughter can help you deal with pain Scientists from Britain did two experiments（实验）.The first was done in a lab.People wore special wristbands（腕带）.Some of them were asked to watch comedies（喜剧） while others watched serious programs.Then the scientists tightened（勒紧） the wristbands to see how much pain the people could feel.
The other test was done at an art festival.Some people watched a comedy show and others watched a drama（戏剧）.At the same time，they had to put their backs against the wall and keep their legs bent（弯曲的） just like sitting on a chair.They did this before and after the show.
Scientists found that just 15 minutes of laughter improves people's ability to stand pain by 10%.However，the serious programs and the drama didn't make a difference to pain at all.
The study found that the magic power of laughter comes from endorphins（内啡肽）.These are chemicals（化学物质）.They are produced by the human body.They make you feel less pain and can make people feel happier. Exercise can produce endorphins.Your muscles（肌肉） move in and out when you are laughing. Scientists believe that this makes your muscles tiring，so we start to produce endorphins.
Scientists also found that the only real and relaxing laughter works not just polite laughter.
Next time you have a headache，get together with a group of Mends，watch a funny movie and laugh.You will soon feel a lot better because laughter is the best medicine.
Scientists knew how much pain the people felt by ________ in the first experiment.
A．eating delicious dishes
B．putting backs against walls
C．tightening special wristbands
D．sitting on comfortable seats
37. The other test was finished _______.
A．on a chair B．in a lab C．on Sports Day D．at an art festival
38. Endorphins can help human body _______.
A．keep better build B．feel less pain C．get more muscles D．produce worse results
39. According to the passage，we can infer that _______.
A．running can produce endorphins
B．watching TV programs can stand pain
C．different kinds of laughter can treat illness
D．muscles can improve people's ability to laugh．
40. We can probably find this passage in a _______.
A．guide book B．movie poster C．travel diary D．medical magazine
D
Are you a fan of Chinese culture If yes, Dunhuang is a must-visit place for you. If you are a fan of Dunhuang, Glory is Back is a must-see show for you.
This show has 10 episodes（集）. In each of the episodes, Wang Han, a famous host, leads a group of young people to learn and feel the rich culture in Dunhuang. They learn about the frescoes（湿壁画）, music, traditions, foods, sports and even fashions in this city. From this show, they get to know what happened more than one thousand years ago. Also in the show, they meet some people who work hard to protect（保护）the cultural treasures in Dunhuang. It is the workers’ efforts that make it possible for us to see the great treasures today.
Li Wuwang is the director of the show. He came up with the idea of creating a show about Dunhuang during a two-week trip there.
“Dunhuang is an amazing place. Once you visit it, you’ll never forget about it and always want to go back there. But the frescoes will slowly die out one day, so we made this show to call on people to protect them,” said Li.
In order to protect the frescoes from the light of cameras, the director and his team didn’t use any cameras in the caves（洞窟）. Luckily, the digitization（数字化） of the frescoes helped them a lot.
Want to know more about Dunhuang Just watch the show now.
41．In the show Glory is Back, ________ leads a group of people to learn Dunhuang culture.
A．some workers B．Wang Han C．some students D．Li Wuwang
42．What does the word “efforts” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese
A．创意 B．训练 C．努力 D．意见
43．The director made the show to ________.
A．remember his trip in Dunhuang
B．make him become a famous director
C．ask people to protect the frescoes in Dunhuang
D．help people have a wonderful trip in Dunhuang
44．Which of the following is True according to the passage
A．The light of cameras may be bad for the frescoes.
B．Dunhuang is a young city with only a hundred years of history.
C．Only in Dunhuang can people learn about the rich Chinese culture.
D．Some workers will teach people how to make frescoes in the show.
45．The best title for this passage is ________.
A．A TV Show About Dunhuang B．Ways to Protect Dunhuang Frescoes
C．The Past Life in Dunhuang D．A Trip to Dunhuang
三、短文还原（共10分，每题2分）
阅读短文，从短文下面的六个句子中选择五个还原到短文中，使短文通顺完整、衔接自然。
At 10:44 a.m. on June 5th, 2022, China sent its astronauts, Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe, into space. They joined in the latest Shenzhou XIV mission (任务). Do you want to become astronauts like them 46.________
Be healthy.
________It is important for them to have a healthy body. You can’t have other small problems.48.________They may split (裂开) in space.
Become stronger with hard training (训练).
For example, you need to be strong like sports players. You will also wear a 200-kilogram uniform and do missions underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the WC．49.________
50.________
Learning is important, too. Astronauts take 60 classes to get ready for a mission, like math, spacecraft design (航空器设计), physics and many more. So they will know what to do when something bad happens during the mission.
四、综合填空（共20 空， 每空1.5分，计30分）
A
阅读短文，从每个方框中的11个词汇中选择10个意义相符的词汇，必要时进行词形变化，填入空白处。
rain, bad, other, big, through, because, fast, thick, place , impossible, slow
London is a beautiful city. It is very large. The Thames River runs 51.___________ the city from west to east. So the city has two parts: the South and the north. In the North, there are important buildings, shops, big parks and interesting 52.__________. The weather in London is good. In winter it is not very cold and in summer it is not very hot 53.__________ the city is near the sea. People say that London is a foggy (有雾的) city and it is often 54. _________ most of the days. People always take umbrellas when they go out. It is true. Last year when I was in London, I met one of the 55. _________ fogs in years. You could hardly see your hand in front your face. Cars and buses moved very 56.__________ with their lights on. When evening came, the weather got even 57.__________. The fog was as 58.___________ as milk. All the buses and cars stopped. I had to go to an important meeting on the 59.__________ side of the town, but it was 60.__________ to find a car. I had to get there on foot.
B
阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容，从下面方框内所给11个动词中选择10个意义相符的词，必要时进行词形变化（可添加助动词者情态动词），填入空白处。
write， communicate， do， talk， not wait， afford， show， know， stay， bring， be
Many people make friends by writing letters. One way to find a pen friend is to join a club. International Pen Friends is a club that started in 1967. Lots of people enjoy 61. _________ with
some foreign friends in this club.
I knew an English boy Bob through it. He is also a student in Grade 8. We 62. ______ in touch with each other for five months until now. we often share our ideas through the Internet. We share the same hobby — collecting stamps. And we usually 63. ______ about the latest collection we have.
Last night, I received an email while I 64. _________my homework. "Dear Jasper, I 65. ________ to you to share my latest collection. I collected two stamps not long ago. I’m sure you 66. ________it, so I decide to send one to you. Next month I will visit China, then I will bring
it to you. ” Bob said. When I clicked on the photo, I found it 67. ________ a Louvre stamp
which was limited edition (限量发行). It was so valuable and expensive that I was not able 68._
______ one. What a surprising present! “I 69. ______to meet Bob and the new stamp!”I said to
myself.
I 70. ____ him around the Great Wall when he comes to Beijing next month. And I hope our friendship will last forever.
五、阅读表达 (共5小题，计10分)
阅读短文，根据题目要求完成各小题。
There is an old Chinese saying, “If someone gives you a little drop of water, you should return a spring of water.”That means if someone helps you a little, you should thank him a lot.
People like to say “Thank you” when others help them or say something kind to them. It is a very good habit. You should say “Thank you” when someone says you did your work well, or you bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. People use “Thank you” not only between friends but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters.
___________. They work hard all the time to give us a better life. They give us food and clothes, and they teach us what is right and what is wrong. They look after us very well. We should thank our teachers who give us dreams. It is not easy for teachers to teach us. They teach us a lot of things, but they ask for nothing from us.
We should also thank people who hurt us, because they teach us important things. We thank people who give us up, because they teach us to be independent. We thank people who are selfish（自私的）, because they teach us to learn the importance of being kind.
There are a lot of people that we should thank in our life. We should express our thanks with actions, not just words. What action will you take to thank them
71．Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
____________________________________________
72．What do the sentences in the box tell us
____________________________________________
73．Please put a proper sentence in “________” in the passage.
____________________________________________
74．What can we learn if someone gives us up according to the passage
____________________________________________
75．Who do you want to thank most in your life What will you do to show your thanks
____________________________________________
六、书面表达。( 20分 )
中国有句古话：“读万卷书，行万里路”。请你结合表格中所给的信息，以My hobbies为题给校英文报投稿，用英语谈谈阅读和旅行的好处，以及你今年的计划。
我的爱好 旅行 ●欣赏美景，开阔视野；●了解不同地方的人和文化； ●……(自主发挥，一到两点）
阅读 ●使我们获得更多的知识；●有趣的故事让我们身心放松； ● ……(自主发挥，一到两点）
我今年的旅行和阅读计划 ……（自主发挥，旅行和阅读至少各一点）
要求：
1. 语言通顺, 要点齐全, 意思连贯, 条理清楚, 书写规范。
2. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名称。
3. 80-100词，文章开头已给出, 不计入总词数。
My hobbies
I have many hobbies. Among them, I like reading and travelling best._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
