Unit 7 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. praise
(1)praise意为“赞扬,称赞”既可以作名词又可以作动词。例如:
His teacher praised him for his courage. 他的老师赞扬了他的勇气。
I have nothing but praise for you. 我对你唯有称赞。
(2)praise的形容词形式是proud,常用于词组be proud of,意为“因……而自豪”。例如:
That’s a beautiful piece of work. You should be proud of it.
那件作品非常漂亮,你应当为之自豪。
We are proud of our country. 我们为我们的祖国而自豪。
2. between&among
这两个介词均含“在……之间,在……之中”之意。
(1)between 多指两者之间,但现代英语中也可指三者或三者以上,表示彼此间清楚的独立的个体关系,指每两者之间。例如:
She takes medicine between three meals every day. 她每天在两餐之间吃药。
(2)among 指三者或三者以上的同类事物之间。例如:
Mr. Wu is sitting among the students. 胡老师坐在学生们中间。
3. forward
forward 作副词时,意为“前进地;向前”,常用于词组look forward to, 意思是“期待,盼望”,to是介词,后面接名词或者动名词。例如:
I look forward to being alone in the house.
我盼望能自己一人在这所房子。
We look forward to the return of spring.
我们期待着春天的到来。
【拓展】
虽然介词to与动词不定式符号to在形式上相同,但用法各异。主要区别归纳如下:
(1)介词to表示“向、往、对于 ” 等,既可以指时间、方向、距离、对象或结果,又可以指程度、直接或间接关系,后面必须接名词、代词等构成介词短语。例如:
Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。
Let’s drink to his health. 让我们为他的健康干杯。
He tied the monkey to the tree. 他把猴子拴在树上。
(2)动词不定式符号to无词义,后面必须接动词原形,构成不定式短语。例如:
To play computer games is wrong. 玩电脑游戏是错误的。
My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。
I wish to go there. 我希望去那儿。
5. beat
beat是及物动词,有以下用法:
(1)意为“赢;打败;战胜”,后接人或某一团队、组织等,其过去式为beat。例如:
I beat him at long jump yesterday. 昨天跳远我赢了他。
(2)意为“打;击”,表示连续不断的打击。例如:
Who is beating the drum 谁在打鼓?
(3)表示“(心脏)等跳动”。例如:
I feel my heart is beating fast. 我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。
【拓展】
beat和win都有“赢”的意思,但用法不同:
beat的宾语为人或相当于人的团体、组织;而win的宾语为比赛或某个项目,过去式为won。例如:
Though we were weak, we beat them. 虽然我们弱,但我们赢了他们。
Who win the first prize in the competition 谁在比赛中赢得了一等奖?
6. another&writer
author名词,意为“作者,作家”,是指出版过书的作者,writer多指没有出版过书但是为报刊写过稿子的作者(撰稿人、抄写员、文书等)。best author 指畅销书作者, film author指电影电视剧本作家,writer club指写作爱好者协会。例如:
Mark Twain is his favorite author. 马克 吐温是他最喜爱的作家。
Her mother is a good writer. 她妈妈是名很好的抄写员。
7. work, task&job
(1)work 最普通用词,含义广,指人们日常生活和工作中所从事的有目的的体力或脑力劳动。例如:
I have to bring my work home today. 今天我得把工作带回家做。
(2)task 通常指分派给的任务,也指自愿的工作,但往往是艰巨或令人厌烦的工作。例如:
She had the difficult task of pulling out all the weeds.
她的苦差事是拔除所有的杂草
(3)job 多用于口语,侧重指受雇用的,以谋生为目的工作,不论有无技术,也不管是零工或散工。例如:
He did all kinds of odd jobs. 他做各种零活。
8. progress
progress是不可数名词,意为“进步,上进;发展”。例如:
make progress取得进步
make progress with…在……方面取得进步
Tom is making much progress at school now. Tom现在在学校进步很大。
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. look forward to ____________ 2. thousands of __________ 3. 放弃___________
4. come along _________ 5. all the time _________ 6. sum up __________
7. 看起来像_________ 8. 过了一会儿__________ 9. in the face of _________
10. in silence ___________
II. 根据所给汉语或首字母提示完成下列单词的拼写,使句意明确,语言通顺。
1.They sat there in s______.They didn’t talk with each other.
2.He ______(查看、审视) the car from the outside and admired greatly.
3.We have made some ______(进展) towards reaching an agreement.
4.The ______(交易) will not be disadvantageous(不利的) to your company.
5.We are tired.Let’s ______(休息).
6.We are off ______(一会儿).
7. Our team b________ theirs in the end.
8.Mike's father looks happy because his son has made great ______(进步)this year.
9. The a________ of this book is Mark Twain.
10. You should read as many English books as p_______.
III. 用方框中所给词或短语的适当形式填空。
1.I don’t get many chances _______(talk) to her recently.
2.The students went on _______(talk) and laughing on the way.
3.The teacher often warns us _______(study) harder.
4.The boy tricked the girl into _______(do) the homework for him.
5.Li Ming began to learn English by _______(him) three years ago.
6. His mother loves him very much and is always _______ (praise) of him.
IV. 选词填空。
1. The teacher are sitting _________ (between,among) the students.
2. Lily is sitting _______ (between, among)Mary and Ann.
3. Our team ________ (won, beat) theirs last week.
4. Our team _______ (won, beat) the game last week.
5. What’s your mother’s ________ (work, job, task)
句式精讲
1. On Saturday morning, every boy in town was happy, except Tom Sawyer.
except是“除……之外(不包括本身在内)”的意思,含有否定和排除的意思,表示除去一部分,着重在“不包括”(not including)的含义。例如:
All the girls went to the party except Xiao Hong. 除了小红外,其他女孩都参加了聚会。(小红没有参加。)
All of us passed the final-term examination except Alice. 除爱丽斯之外,我们大家都通过了期末考试。
【拓展】
besides, except&except for
这三个短语都有“除……之外”的意思,但具体用法不同:
besides “除……之外(还有……)”指在整体中加入一部分,表示一种累加关系,有“加上”之意。
except “除……之外(没有……)”着重强调在同类人或物中除去一个或几个人或物。表示一种排除关系。有“减除”之意。
except for “除……之外”,表示对整体不要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正作用。
例如:
We are all here except/but Tom. 除了Tom外,我们都到齐了。(不包括Tom)
Besides milk, we need vegetables. 除了牛奶,我们还需要蔬菜。
He is a good man except for hot temper. 他是个好人,除了脾气暴躁。
2. What a pity!
What a pity 意为“真遗憾!”句中的pity意为“可惜的事,令人遗憾的事”,是可数名词,
常用于it is /was a pity …句型中,pity后可接动词不定式,可以接that从句。pity作“同情,怜悯”讲时是不可数名词。
It’s a pity that you can’t come to the party. 你不能来参加这次聚会真可惜。
She saw no pity in their faces. 她在他们脸上看不到怜悯。
3. What did Tom and Bekey do in order to find their way back
(1)本句中的in order to是一个固定搭配的短语,意思是“为了”,后接动词原形构成不定式结构在句子中作目的状语,否定形式是在to前面加not。in order to可以和so as to 互换,但后者不能放在句首。例如:
In order not to be late, you should go now. 为了不迟到,你现在应该走。
(2)in order to+动词原形和so as to+动词原形可以转换成in order that+从句和so that+从句。
He did anything in order to make money.
= He did anything in order that he could make money. 为了赚钱,他什么都做。
Please go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.
=Please go in quietly so that we won’t wake the baby. 请不声不响地进去以免弄醒孩子。
4. Dr. Robinson hit Muff Potter and knocked him out.
knock sb. out 的意思是“把某人打昏,使昏迷”例如:
The medicine knocked him out. 这种药使他昏了过去。
His head hit a table as he fell and he knocked himself out. 他摔了一跤,头撞在桌子上,昏了过去。
【拓展】与knock相关的其他短语:
knock down 击倒 knock off 停工,中断(工作等) knock into与……相撞 knock over 撞倒
5. The cave wall looked like a frozen waterfall.
look like意为“看起来像……” 应用范围最广,除了描述人、物之外,也能抽象表达事件或现象。例如:
He looks like a famous movie star. 他看起来像一个电影明星。
That bicycle looks just like the one I used to have. 那个自行车看起来像我曾经拥有的那个。
It looks like it's going to rain soon. 天看起来要下雨。
【注意】What does/do sb/sth look like 这个句式是询问某个人或物的外貌特征。例如:
What does the girl look like 那个女孩长什么样?
She is short and thin. 她又矮又瘦。
而be like意为“像……”。例如:
—What is the old man like 那个老人怎么样?
—He is kind. 他很和蔼。
【拓展】like与as
like与as作介词,都有“像”的意思。但有一定区别。
like意为“像……一样”。用于相似关系,即两者在形态上或性质上有相似之处,但并不等于。as意为“作为;以……身份”。用于说明同一关系,即两者实为一体。例如:
She talks to me like my mother. 她像我妈妈那样跟我说话。(她不是我妈妈)
She talks to me as a mother. 她以妈妈的身份跟我说话。(她是我妈妈)
6. Tom began to think of the games that he wanted to play.
本句为含有定语从句的复合句,“that he wanted to play”为定语从句,修饰先行词games,that为关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语。
【拓展】
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词that,who,which等和 关系副词when,where,why等,且定语从句的关联词在从句中充当一定的成分,从句中 谓语动词的时态及单复数要和它所修饰的先行词保持一致。
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. 这是他给我的生日礼物。
Do you know everybody who came to the party 你认识来宴会的每一位吗?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village. 我仍旧记得第一次来到那个村庄的晚上。
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. 这是毛主席曾经居住过的地方。
句式精练
I. 按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。
1. 你的好朋友长什么样?
What ______ your friend ______ ______
2. 除了约翰之外,他们都去睡觉了。
They all _______ ________ ________ ________ John.
3. 乔一拳将他打昏。
Joe _______him _______ with one punch.
4.嘲笑口吃的人是不人道的。
It’s cruel to ______ ______ ______ people who stammer.
5.真遗憾,她没有早点告诉我。
______ ______ ______ that she didn’t tell me earlier.
6.你找到你上周丢失的那辆自行车了吗
Have you found the bike ______ ______ ______ last week
7.你应该准备解决可能出现的任何问题。
You should be ready to solve any problem that may ______ ______.
8.我们默默地坐在那儿。
We were sitting there ______ ______.
9.他骗我借给了他100美元。
He ______ me ______ ______ him $100.
10.过了一会儿那个女孩醒过来了。
The girl came to herself______ ______ ______.
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. 期待,期盼 2. 数以千计的 3. give up 4. 出现 5. 总是,一直
6. 总结, 概括 7. look like 8. after a while 9. 面对 10. 沉默地
II. 根据所给汉语或首字母提示完成下列单词的拼写,使句意明确,语言通顺。
1.silence 2.surveyed 3.progress 4.deal 5.take/have a rest
6.for a while 7. beat 8.progress 9. author 10. possible
III. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.to talk 2.talking 3.to study 4.doing 5.himself 6. proud
IV. 选词填空。
1. among 2. between 3. beat 4. won 5. job
参考答案
I. 按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。
1. does, look like 2. went to sleep except 3. knocked, out 4.make fun of
5.What a pity 6.that you lost 7.come along 8.in silence
9.tricked,into lending 10.after a while
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