牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading课时分层练（含答案）

Unit 1 Food Matters Welcome to the unit & Reading—2023-2024学年高二英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第一册课时分层练
【夯实基础】
知识点1副词
1.She took hold of the door handle __________(轻轻地) and turned it.
知识点2名词
2.You can always tell the difference between the tourists and the __________(本地人).
知识点3不定式的完成被动式
3.The novel is said _________(publish) last month.
知识点4不定式
4.He did everything he could _________ (save) the old man.
知识点5动词
5.Rather than _________ (give) in, Nathan Hale would choose to die.
【提升能力】
6.No matter when I feel unhappy, rice pudding cheers ①_____（I）up. My experience with rice pudding ②_____（illustrate）the unique power of "comfort food", which refers to any food ③_____ makes us feel better or makes up for bad feelings by ④_____（help）us recall happy memories of what we love.
Our comfort foods vary from person to person, depending ⑤_____ our own unique experiences shaping our lives.
The feeling of ⑥_____（happy）and sense of belonging are important for people who move away from their home country. It is hardest ⑦_____（give）up the food that we grow up with. One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our ⑧_____（culture）roots, giving us the "taste of home" and ⑨_____（relieve）our feelings of homesickness.
Comfort food builds an emotional bond with our happy memories. It is not only a bowl of noodles or chicken soup, ⑩_____ food for the soul.
【核心素养】
一、
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make 520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate 240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
7.Why was the sugar tax introduced
A.To protect children’s health. B.To improve the quality of drinks.
C.To collect money for schools. D.To encourage research in education.
8.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A.They turned to overseas markets.
B.They raised the prices of their products.
C.They cut down on their production.
D.They reduced their products’ sugar content.
9.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A.Classic Coke. B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices. D. Most alcoholic drinks.
10.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A.It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
二、
Sometimes when we eat, what we're hungry for isn't food—it's the taste of memory.
Studies show that foods we think of as comfort foods don't contain any magical properties. What might be comforting is the feeling of closeness to other people they can generate.
Thoughts about comfort foods are often linked to calories, warmth or a sense of happiness. But what we don't think about is that comfort foods also provide something social for us, according to Shira Gabriel, a professor of psychology at the State University of New York. It found that people like comfort foods because of their ability to make the feel that they belong.
When Marcel Proust bit into a cake at his mother's house, he was overwhelmed by a feeling of homesickness. He sensed that it was connected to the taste of tea and cake. But "it was more than those flavors", he said. The taste took him back to childhood experiences with a beloved aunt. Proust had evidently formed strong attachments（依恋）to his experiences with this aunt. Gabriel's study found that people who have strong bonds with others are more likely to use comfort foods after an argument or other emotionally stressful occasions.
Comfort foods are often thought of as being high in calories. However, other studies have also shown that the link between comfort and food isn't as clear as "junk foods" start the brain's reward system, but that high is short-lived. It's not the deep reward of real comfort.
Regardless of whether you comfort yourself with food, one study found that "your mood will probably come back on its own". The study was intended to look at how food might help keep astronauts mentally healthy on a long journey. It found that people's ability to recover from watching negative movie scenes wasn't affected by the kind of food they received afterwards. The point here is probably that there's no reason to eat comfort foods for their own sake（缘故）. But there is something in the ability of comfort foods to unlock belonging and memory.
11.Which of the following do comfort foods fail to provide
A. Happy memories. B. Social skills.
C. Homesickness relief. D.A lift in spirits.
12.Why does the author mention Marcel Proust in Para.4
A.Food flavors have the unique power of comforting.
B.The taste of food produces a feeling of homesickness.
C.Comfort foods tend to be linked with close relationship.
D.Childhood experiences will stay fresh for a long time.
13.What can be inferred from the last paragraph .
A.Actually food can't remove negative emotions completely.
B.Astronauts have a strong ability to recover from a bad mood.
C.How comfort foods benefit mental health remains unknown.
D.The kinds of comfort foods vary from person to person.
14.Where does the passage probably come from
A.A science report. B. An advertisement.
C.A cooking guide. D.A healthy magazine.
答案及解析
1.答案：gently
2.答案：natives
3.答案：to have been published
4.答案：to save
5.答案：give
6.答案：① me ② illustrates③ that ④ helping ⑤ on/upon⑥ happiness⑦ to give ⑧ cultural⑨ relieving ⑩ but
解析：①考查代词。设空处作cheers的宾语，所以用人称代词的宾格形式，故填me。
②考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文语境可知，设空处应用一般现在时，且主语My experience with rice pudding为单数概念，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，故填illustrates。
③考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为food，此处先行词被any修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导定语从句，故填that。
④考查动名词。介词by后接动名词作宾语，故填helping。
⑤考查介词。depending on/upon意为“根据……而定，决定于……”，故填on或upon。
⑥考查名词。此处介词of 后应接名词作宾语，故填happiness。
⑦考查动词不定式。此处为固定句型“It is+adj.+to do sth.”,故填to give。
⑧考查形容词。设空处修饰名词roots,应用形容词作定语，故填cultural。
⑨考查现在分词。分析句子成分可知，连词and 连接并列的现在分词短语，在句中作状语，故填relieving。
⑩考查连词。根据语境可知，此处指治愈系食物不仅是一碗面条或鸡汤，而且是精神食粮。固定结构 not only...but (also)...意为“不但……而且……”,故填but。
7.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.(该税于2016年4月首次宣布,适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料,旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。)以及本段最后一句putting them at a higher risk of the disease.(使他们面临更高的疾病风险。)关键词是"reduce childhood obesity"和"a higher risk of the disease",可知,征收糖税的目的是保护儿童健康。故选C。
8.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge(此前,制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量,以避免纳税。由于制造商努力避免这笔费用,饮料中的糖含量现在减少了4500万公斤。)注意原文中的"so they can avoid paying the tax"和"to avoid the charge"是目的。使用的应对措施就是"had their sugar levels cut"以及"45 million fewer kilos of sugar"可知,一些饮料公司通过降低产品的含糖量来应对糖税。故选D。
9.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than1m litres per year.(然而,一些高糖品牌,如经典可口可乐,已经接受了糖税,并拒绝改变,因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的,每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。)可知,糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。选项中A.大多数酒精饮料;B.牛奶饮料;C.果汁;D.经典可口可乐。故选D。
10.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.(根据一位政府官员的说法,今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响,它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑。帮助下一代拥有一个健康和积极的童年是非常重要的,而该行业正在发挥其作用。)原文中的"positive influence"可推知关于糖税政策的采用,这是一个成功的故事。故选B。
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，治愈系食物为我们提供了一些社交性的东西，但不是社交技巧，所以B 项与原文不符。根据第一段中的“it's the taste of memory”和第三段第一句中的“a sense of happiness”可知，我们吃饭时渴望的是记忆的味道，而与治愈系食物有关的想法通常又与幸福感有联系，由此可推知治愈系食物可以提供幸福的记忆；根据第四段中Marcel Proust在母亲家吃蛋糕的例子可知，当Marcel Proust在母亲家咬一口蛋糕时，他就感受到了乡愁，蛋糕的味道让他回想起童年时和一位钟爱的阿姨相处的经历，结合本段最后一句可知，治愈系食物可以缓解乡愁；根据第五段最后两句可知，其他研究也表明，舒适和食物之间的联系并不像“垃圾食品”启动大脑的奖赏系统那样明确，但那种欢乐是短暂的。由此推知，治愈系食物可以振奋精神。故选B。
12.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，Gabriel的研究发现，与他人关系密切的人更有可能在争吵或其他情绪紧张的场合后吃一些治愈系食物。由此可推知，Marcel Proust的例子是想说明治愈系食物往往与亲密的关系有关，故选C。
13.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句可知，研究发现，人们从观看负面电影场景中恢复过来的能力并没有受到之后所吃食物的影响。由此可推知，事实上，食物并不能完全消除负面情绪，故选A。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Studies show that...”以及最后两段中的“other studies have also shown that...”和“one study found that...”可推知，这篇文章可能来自一篇科学报道，故选A。B项意为“一则广告”；C项意为“一本烹饪指南”；D项意为“一本健康杂志”。
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