2024届高三英语复习语法专题定语从句用法课件(共55张PPT)

(共55张PPT)
定语 从句
MADE BY LIUZHIGANG
my book a holiday of seven days
a seven-day holiday something important
a good holiday a country developing fast
a toy factory a book written by him
a developing country a book to be published
a developed country a book which was written by him
定语用来修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子，主要由形容词担任，此外还有名词，代词，数词，分词，不定式，介词短语，也可由一个句子来担任。放在所修饰的词前的叫前置定语。放在修饰的词后的叫后置定语。
找出句中的定语成分：
1.Spending time with other children and sharing non-virtual experiences is an important part of a child's development that can not be provided by a computer.
2.Knowing the mother was about to give up the treatment for her child because of the shortage of money and get back their home in Zhangjiakou of North China’s Hebei Province, Premier asked his members to arrange treatment for Li Rui at a hospital in Beijing.
定语从句:在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句，它相当于形容词，又称为形容词性从句.分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.
先行词：所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
关系词：连接先行词和定语从句并代替先行词在定语从句中充当某个成分叫作关系词
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
从句
关系词
先行词
主句
定语
①句：He is an English teacher
②句： He likes singing songs.
who
关系词
关系词的功能作用
连接作用
代替先行词在从句中充当成分
关系代词
关系副词
who
whom
which
that
whose
when
why
where
主 宾 表 定
状语
主句 ↓ 从句
He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.
先行词
共有词
as
简单句合成定语从句
1.This is a factory. It makes cars.
2.The factory is called “HongQi”. My father once worked in it.
3.I’ll never forget the day. It brought me much happiness.
4.I still remember the day. I went to school on that day.
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句意思就不完整。从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。
和主句关系不紧密， 如去掉，主句意思仍然清楚，可译为并列句，用逗号分开，不可用that引导。
I was the only person that was invited in my office.
That is Mr. Wang,
whose daughter
teaches English at a middle school.
定语从句分类 和形式多样性
分隔式定语从句
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far-away village．
The days are gone when we suffered so much．
混杂式定语从句
He made another great discovery,which I think is very important to science.
选用页面
关 系 词
relatives used for used as
which thing
subject（主语）
object（宾语）
that thing person who person whom person object（宾语）
whose person/thing attribute（定语）
who, whom, whose, which, that
A clock is a machine ______________ tell people the time .
that/which
A nurse is a person _________ looks after sick people .
who/that
He is the man _______________ I met in the park yesterday .
(whom/who/that)
Mr Black ,________ work is teaching English , is considered to be the best teacher in the school .
whose
relatives used for used as
when(in/on/at+which) time
adverbial
（状语）
where(in/on/at+which) place why reason 1. Jack will never forget the day _________________ he met Lucy for the first time .
2. I will go back to the place _______________ I grew up .
3. The reason _____ Jack saved Lucy is that he loved her very much .
4. This is the farm ___________ we picked apples last year .
5. Summer is the best season _____________ you can go swimming .
when / on which
where/ at which
why
where
on which
when/in which
关系词as的用法：
引导限制性定语从句，用于such……as, the same……as 和 as many(或as much)……as 结构中
Such books as you bought are useless.
Don’t do such things as you are not sure about.
引导非限制性定语从句，译为“正如…..那样”
如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case（就像平常那样）, as is expected等结构。
___ is known to us, the moon travels round the earth .
__ is known to us that the moon travels round the earth .
_______ is known to us is that the moon travels round the earth .
As
It
What
Relative Refer to Used as
关系代词 that P/T subject
object
which T who P whom P object
whose P/T attribute
关系副词 when time adverbial
where place why reason 1.The man _________came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2.The girl _________________ I met is Lucy.
3.A child _______parents are dead is called Tom.
4.I like the book ____________ you bought yesterday.
5. We shall never forget the days ____________we spent together.
6.I like the person _________you just talked.
7. I have a room ________window faces south.
who, that
whom, that, who, /
whose
that, which, /
that, which, /
to whom
whose
Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which that and / .
定语从句的特殊情况
在指物时 下列情况下用that而不用which。
(1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much 等不定代词时。
(2)先行词被all, every等不定代词所修饰时。
All the books that you need are here .
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book (that) he has read .
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the same knife (that) I lost yesterday .
This is the very pen (that) she is looking for .
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited .
Is there anything else that you don’t understand
只能用which不能用that的情况
(1) 非限定性定语从句
It was felt in Beijing, which was 200 km away.
(2) 以介词开头的定语从句,即介词前置的定语从句
This is the room ____________ Chairman Mao once lived in.
This is the room in ______ Chairman Mao once lived.
(which / that)
which
Fill in the blanks with which and that.
1. This is the only book ____ I got last year.
2. Is this the book in ____ you are interested
3. This is the largest animal ____ Tom saw in the zoo.
4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers____ exist (存在)in the mother school.
5. All the desks ____ are bought look really wonderful.
6. Do you have any money ____is used to build the factory
7. Tom has a toy, ____ was given by his father.
8. This is the second watch ____ my father bought for me.
that
which
that
that
that
that
which
that
介词+关系代词结构
介词提前时指物只用which 指人只用whom而不能用that.who
介词放在后面，指物用that/which,指人用that/whom/who
1.This is the boy (whom/who/that) I sit behind .
This is the boy behind whom I sit.
2.The boy (whom/who/that) you want to talk to is in the lab.
The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.
1.Is this the library _____ ______ you borrow books
2.Can you lend me the book ______ ______ you talked last night
3.Do you find the pen ____ _____ I wrote just now
4.He is the kind of boy ___ _____ few people will give a
second look .
5.I finish reading the book ___ _____ Lu Xun described his childhood .
from which
about which
with which
Fill in the blanks with “prep. + which / whom”
at whom
in which
关系代词前介词的确定
一先 二动 三意义
一先：根据先行词确定介词
二动：根据从句的谓语动词来确定介词
三意义：根据从句的意义来确定介词
用介词＋关系代词填空
1. He’s the man ___________ I learnt the news.
2. Who’s the person __________ you just shook
hands.
3. I know a lady the husband _________ is a
Nobel Prize winner.
4. This is the way _________ she studies English.
5. The old man always wears his glasses ______
_____ he can’t see anything.
6.The key_________ she was opening the door broke.
7. No one know the reason _________ she is
leaving so early.
from whom
with whom
of whom
in which
without
which
with which
for which
They lived in a room, whose window faces the sea
whose 可以转换为 “ of +which”, 即: whose + n. = the +n. +of+ which/whom
=of+ which/whom + the +n.
whose引导的定语从句
They lived in a room, of which the window faces the sea.
They lived in a room, the window of which faces the sea
.
as 和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
①Which引导的从句放在主句之后；而as引导从句位置灵活，可放在主句前，中，后。
②Which既可代指先行词，又可指整个主句,译为“这一点”as代指整个主句。译为“正如…”
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
We live on the earth, which is much bigger than the moon.
Einstein
as is known
is a famous scientist
1).先行词为 one, anyone, all, those等不定代词且指人时
Anyone who didn’t come must be punished.
Those who are singing come from Japan.
2).句中有两个定语从句修饰人,避免重复,引导词用who.
The girl who has blue eyes that is tall is Mary.
3). 先行词为人称代词时,定语从句引导词用who.
He ____ made mistakes was punished.
She _____is into art wants to be an artist.
who
who
定语从句中用who 而不用that 的情况
that
that
Who, which做先行词时，引导定语从句用that .
Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better
Who _______ you are talking to is the young man
Which _______they are choosing is better
that
选用页面
One ____ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.
The ones ____ laugh at the disabled are not good students.
Anyone ____ fails to finish the task should be punished.
Those ____ want to go to The Great Wall sigh up here.
who
who
who
who
选择适当的关联词 which what that who
选用页面
先行词是the way 在定语从句中充当状语时引导词通常是 in which/that/省略
I don’t understand the way _______ they worked out the problem.
I don't like the way_______he speaks to me.
I want to know the way ______ he told you yesterday.
He has given you the way_______is best to solve the problem.
A.that B.which C.in which D. /
ACD
ACD
ABD
AB
先行词为时间地点原因时关系词的确定：
A. This is the place _________he works.
This is the place _________we visited last year.
B. That was the time _______he arrived.
Do you still remember the days ____________ we spent together
C. This is the reason ______he went.
The reason ________he gave us was reasonable.
关系词的确定 一定要考虑从句中缺失的成分
which(that)
where
when
that (which)
why
that (which)
先行词为模糊或者抽象地点的名词：condition， point，position，case，situation，stage等，在定语从句中作地点状语，用where引导
It's helpful to put children in a situation ______ they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
I have reached a point in my life ___ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which B. where C. how D. why
D
B
She will never forget the day__ she spent in Beijing.
A.when B.what C.that D.why E.where
C
先行词表示时间.地点.原因关联词选择专练
This is the factory____we visited last year.
C
This is the last factory __ he used to work at.
C
This is the reason ____ he told me.
This is the school ___ my Dad worked 20 years ago.
Let me think of a proper situation __ this sentence can be used.
E
E
He told me the reason ___ he didn’t come here.
D
I’ll never forget the day ___ I joined the army.
A
C
1. I have borrowed many books, _______ are about music.
2. I have borrowed many books, and _____ are about music.
1. There are 50 students in their class, most of ________ are from Tonglu. 2. There are 50 students in their class, and most of _______ are from Tonglu.
which
they
whom
them
and, but等连接的并列句与定语从句的对比
限制性定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略
关系代词在从句中作主语时候，从句中谓语动词形式取决于先行词
定语从句省略和主谓一致情况：
I，______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A.who is B.what is C.what am D.who am
D
This is the very pen (that) she is looking for .
定语从句与分词作定语的转换
The meeting which was held last week is very important.
The meeting held last week is very important.
The house which stands on the corner of the street was built in 1955
The house standing on the corner of the street was built in 1955.
Tell the boy who is playing there not to make loud noise。
Tell the boy playing there not to make loud noise.
根据非谓语动词掌握情况选用
①同位语从句是解释它前面的名词的具体内容，定语从句是限定修饰它前面的名词
同位语从句与定语从句的对比：
The news that he won is true.
同位语从句
定语从句
The news that he told me is true.
Eg.
Eg.
②同位语从句that在从句中不充当任何成分，不可省；定语从句由that引导,它在从句中充当成分，作宾语时可省去。
内容
限定
suggestion
water
③同位语从句前的名词为抽象名词；定语从句所修饰的名词比较广泛。
根据同位语从句掌握情况选用
Enjoy some proverbs:
1 God helps those who help themselves.
2 All that glitters is not gold.
3 He who laughs last laughs best.
4 He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
真题回顾
2019高考真题 全国Ⅱ卷 语法填空 节选
KEY:61. being 62. which 63. finally
A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for 61（be）Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. .......
2019高考真题 全国Ⅰ卷 改错 节选
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. ........
2019高考真题 全国Ⅲ卷 语法填空 节选
KEY: 64. who 65. recommended
.......They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop and visit.......
改错 节选
....... In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them. .......
综合练习
1. I met the lady in the park __ showed us how to make a cake .
A. which B. who C. where D. whom
2. This is the houses ____ he lived when he was a child .
A. which B. that C. in where D. in which
3. The watches which _____ repaired last week have not been sent back .
A. was B. is C. were D. are
4. This is the mountain village ___ we visited the other day .
A. that B. in which C. where D. whom
5. The baby ______ she is ________ is my little brother .
A. whom , looking B. who , taking care
C. in whom , looking D. whom , looking after
6. Do you know the date _____ Lincoln was born
A. which B. where C. that D. when
7. The gentleman ___ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief .
A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom
8. This is the only bus _____ goes to the village .
A. that B. which C. where D. who
1.Here is the pen you lost it yesterday.
2.The girl told me the news is not here now.
3.Is this farm we visited last year
4.He is the only one of the students who know French.
∧
∧
He is one of the students who know French
knows
Correct mistakes
Who/that
the
1.They talked for about an hour of things and persons who they remembered in the school.
2.It was a meeting that importance I didn’t realize at that time
3.Did you see the man whom I nodded just now
4.I don’t like the way which you speak to her
whose
that
to
in
1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.
2. Is that factory which your father once worked in
3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.
4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.
^
^
__
which
__
to
the one
1. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.
2. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.
3. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.
4. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.
in
when
___
who
___
(that/which)
^
^
1.Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.
2.We heard the news which our team won the game.
3.The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable
____
that
____
why
it
____
4.Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.
5.That was the reason because she looked old.
6.Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.
as
who
______
____
why
^
1. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.
2. Which is known to all, many satellites are going around in the sky.
3. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.
that
____
_____
As
that
____
4.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.
5. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.
as
_____
Whose
____
1.In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the roof top of their house.
2.One day I saw a second-hand bicycle, that only one hundred yuan.
3.The angel then turned to the third man,threw up his hands in fear..
4.Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazies and musical instruments.
7.The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorites.
which
which
who
that/which
that/which
1.I recently read an article about nomophobia，______ is a real illness people can suffer from the fear of being without your phone.
2.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ______ we watched some people play volleyball.
3.Maybe you have a habit______ is driving your family crazy.
4.Nick's guests,______ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.
5.Of course whenever they turned to look at him,they had to look at Mary,______made her feel like a star.
6.Behind him were other people to ______he was trying to talk,but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me ,looking annoyed.
which
where
that/which
who
which
whom
选用
the end
专项比较练习
相似结构辨析1:
1.Is this museum _____ they visited yesterday
2. Is this the museum _____ they visited yesterday
3. Is this museum ______ they stayed yesterday
4. Is this the museum ______ they stayed yesterday
5. Is the museum ______ you visited yesterday beautiful
6. It was the museum ______ you saw many treasures.
7. It was in the museum ______ you saw many treasures.
8. It was in the museum ______ you dropped in that you saw many treasures.
A. where B. which C. that D. the one E. /
A
B/C/E.
C.
D.
B/C/E.
A.
A.
A.
相似结构辨析2:
1. She lived in the house ______ she used to live.
2. She lived in the house ______ she used to live in.
3. She lived in the house ______ she used to drop in.
4. She lived in the house ______ she used to visit.
5. She lived in the house ______ windows were broken.
6. She lived in the house ______ the windows were broken.
7. She lived in the house the windows ______ were broken.
8. She lived in the house and ______ windows were broken.
9. She lived in the house ______ the broken windows.
where B. in which C. at which D. that E. which F. its
G. with H. of which I. whose J. /
A/B
D/E/J
A/C
D/E/J
I
H
H
F
G
相似结构辨析3:
1. ______ is known is that he has gone to college.
______ is known that he has gone to college.
3. ______ is known, he has gone to college.
4. We all know _____ he has gone to college.
5. He has gone to college, ______ made us surprised.
6. He has gone to college and ______ made us surprised.
7. He has gone to college, ______ surprised us.
8. ______ surprised us most was ______ he has gone to college.
A. It B. As C. which D. What E. that
D
A
B
E
C
E
C
D
E
相似结构辨析4:
1.He is such a good teacher ______ we all like.
2. He is such a good teacher ______ we all like him.
3. He is a good teacher, _____ makes us respect him.
A. as B. that C. which
A
B
C
相似结构辨析5:
1. He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _____ he became a manager, some years later.
2. He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _____ was important for him.
3. He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _____ he was already in his fifties.
4. He arrived in Beijing in 1984, and _____ he became famous.
5. It was in 1984 ______ he arrived in Beijing.
A. when B. where C. which D. there E. that
B
C
A
D
E