湖北省黄冈市名校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试卷（Word版含答案，无听力部分）
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| 名称 | 湖北省黄冈市名校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末考试英语试卷（Word版含答案，无听力部分） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-07-22 10:59:32 | ||
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机密★启用前
黄冈市名校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末考试
英语试卷
考试时间：120分钟
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）
听力-选择题（略）（本大题共8小题，共8.0分）
二、阅读理解（本大题共18小题，共37.5分）
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1: 00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
9. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
10. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
11. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
B
Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today's state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.
Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate(调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that
Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you'll see the opposite effect.
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people "corrected" official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.
When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time's most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.
12. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.
B. Everyone can define time on their own terms.
C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.
D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.
13. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to ______.
A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach
14. What can we learn from this passage
A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.
B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.
C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.
D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers' temporal frame.
15. What can we infer from this passage
A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time.
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
C. We should live in harmony with nature.
D. History is a mirror reflecting reality.
C
Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I've also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us "cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction." This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can't keep. "What's new," Johnson wrote, "is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers."
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work's potential. If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because "'quantum' stands for something cool you shouldn't be able to understand." And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson's concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm "by a very large margin (幅度)" to building a "useful" quantum computer, one that "solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise." He adds, "People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others."
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition "by a wide margin", as Taylor claims I don't know. I'm certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
16. Regarding Johnson's concerns, the author feels .
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
17. What leads to Taylor's optimism about quantum computing
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
18. What does the underlined word "prone" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
19. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype
D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
"Solar projects need to be good neighbors," says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. "They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy." InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to "low-impact" solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U. S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. "These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape," says Macknick.
20. What do solar developers often ignore
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
21. What does InSPIRE aim to do
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
22. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
23. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
E
“What would the world be if there were no hunger " It's a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn't part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect (交叉) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良) people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking—which, in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don't produce results, but concluded that "we'll never produce results that we can't envision".
24. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A. illustrate an argument B. highlight an opinion
C. introduce the topic D. predict the ending
25. What can be inferred about the field of nutrition
A. The first objective of systems thinking hasn't been achieved.
B. The relationships among players have been clarified.
C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D. The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
26. As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with
A. It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B. It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C. It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D. It goes beyond human imagination.
三、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. (27) Sychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.
To study "jumping", we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. (28) In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did—even when their answers were wrong.
So what is behind "jumping" Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. (29) .
It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusions made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
(30) A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants′ overconfidence.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one. (31) Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
A.Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.
B.Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.
C.But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.
D.It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.
E.We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping.
F.The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.
G.Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.
四、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
A single tremble shook beneath my feet. The trees above me began to sway (摇摆) hard. Then came the deadly (32) that could only mean one thing, destruction. Every house and object was now (33) . My vision blurred (模糊) even more when I saw the remains of my house. The house that used to (34) all the happiness in the world was now (35) a pile of ruined pieces. I (36) all the times I played with my little brother and sister. Images of them were (37) in my mind, so I let the darkness sweep over me completely so I could see them vividly one last time. I regained a bit of my (38) after lying on the ground for some time. My eyes viewed different things, but I walked on mindlessly, with no (39) to anything around me at all.
Years have passed since the disaster that (40) me years ago. I never thought I would be okay again after this (41) event.
Today I am going on a trip to California to help (42) of a recent earthquake. Then, I see her. A young girl is weeping into her arm. I walk toward her. Losing family was (43) , but because of my life changing experience, I am strong, and I can (44) the lives of those who are suffering as I was. When I reach the girl, she stares at me with sad eyes, and I gently stick out my hand for her to hold to. One day, she may (45) others the way I did for her. She holds my hand tightly, and together, we look for a brighter future where we can help those around us and (46) the world starting with one disaster at a time.
32. A. silence B. power C. emergency D. extinction
33. A. under pressure B. in ruins C. on hand D. in shock
34. A. promote B. supply C. contain D. measure
35. A. extremely B. obviously C. actually D. simply
36. A. adapted to B. thought of C. concentrated on D. worked out
37. A. carved B. buried C. designed D. observed
38. A. balance B. memory C. strength D. impression
39. A. request B. comparison C. path D. reaction
40. A. struck B. identified C. threatened D. reminded
41. A. amazing B. frightening C. exciting D. challenging
42. A. professionals B. volunteers C. survivors D. experts
43. A. painful B. unusual C. awkward D. unique
44. A. appreciate B. possess C. exchange D. improve
45. A. affect B. recognize C. recommend D. contact
46. A. establish B. change C. remove D. revise
第II卷（非选择题）
五、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
47. Eating at restaurants hasn't always been known as the best choice for people （1） ______ are trying to keep a healthy diet. It is （2） ______ （ extreme） hard for people to avoid food that isn't so good for them when dining out. However， you don't have to give （3） ______ your love of restaurants. There are ways that you can eat healthier food when dining out while you can still enjoy the experience.
One method is to take time （4） ______ （ read） the nutrition information. Some restaurants post it on their menus or their website. If you know you're going to visit （5） ______ certain restaurant， you should check the website first. If no nutrition information （6） ______ （ list）， you should check the menu at the restaurant before you order.
Another way is to think about not eating cream or butter sauces. Instead， consider （7） ______ （choose） a sauce that could add a rich flavour to your food without extra calories （卡路里）.
All restaurants have water available. Whether it is free （8） ______ you have to buy it， you should choose to drink water over other drinks like beer or soda， which contains a lot of calories.
Eating out doesn't have to be an unhealthy （9） ______ （ decide） as long as you make wise choices. You could still enjoy all of the benefits of dining out and be （10） ______ （ please） with your choices later on.
六、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
48. 在成长的过程中，我们总是对未来的职业充满憧憬．近期你班将以"My Dream Career" 为题举行演讲比赛．请你根据以下要求写一篇英语演讲稿，内容包括：
1． 你的理想职业；
2． 选择它的理由；
3． 实现的途径．
注意：
1． 词数100词左右；
2． 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3． 可根据内容要点适当发挥，以使行文连贯．
My Dream CareerGood morning， everyone!______
Thank you for listening．
49. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A New Addition to the Family
For the initial ten years of his life, Victor was the prince of the household. As he was an only child, his parents petted him and showered all their love and attention on him. Whatever toys his parents bought, they were always meant for him. Whatever food was in the refrigerator, there was no one to compete with him to polish it off first. Victor could leave his toys or books around the house with complete ease of mind, knowing that there was no one who would get their hands on his belongings and cause any damage.
However, all that was to change overnight when Victor's parents brought back his new baby sister, Lina, from the hospital. With her rosy cheeks, wide open eyes and angelic smile, Lina caught the hearts of her parents, grandparents and relatives. Everyone focused their attention on the cute bunch of joy. Whenever she cried, her mother or father would rush to her bed. She simply cried because she wanted to be carried. There was little time left for Victor.
Now that Victor's mother had his baby sister to take care of, she expected Victor himself to do most of the chores he can do. Victor was asked to clean his own room, iron his own school uniform and clean his own shoes. Before Lina's arrival, he had never lifted a finger to help out with these tasks. The whole family also went out less because it was unhealthy to expose Lina to the bacteria(细菌) being in the outside world too often.
Victor felt neglected by his parents. He felt that they loved Lina more than him. As a result, he tried to attract his parents' attention by becoming resistant. One evening, Victor's parents were called up by his teacher because Victor had got into a fight at school. His teacher had noticed Victor's behaviour and work attitude changing downwards in the past two months. Before that, he had been a model student.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Upon hearing the teacher's feedback, Victor's parents got lost in thought.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Victor realized that his parents still cared for him.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
答案
听力略
9~11.B、C、D
12~15.B、D、C、C
16~19.A、C、A、D
20~23.B、C、A、D
24~26.C、A、B
27~31.C、B、F、A、G
32~46.A、B、C、D、B、A、C、D、A、B、C、A、D、A、B
47.who/that
extremely
up
to read
a
is listed
choosing
or
decision
pleased
48.Today， please allow me to deliver a brief speech on the career I will take up in the future． Undoubtedly， I have great expectations for the future job as everyone else does． My dream career is to be a tour guide．
Since my early age， I have been admiring tour guides who travel worldwide， enjoying the spectacular scenery， appreciating different cultures and enriching their life experience at the same time． Besides， this career is financially rewarding as well so that I can live a well-off life． Additionally， I will have more opportunities tomeet people from all walks of life， which is both challenging and interesting．
To be a good guide is no easy job， for it requires years of arduous practice and continual learning． It is the wide range of knowledge， professionalism and dedication that mould a highly qualified tour guide． Therefore， my dream cannot be fulfilled without industrious work to pave the way．
49. Upon hearing the teacher's feedback, Victor's parents got lost in thought. Since their second child Linda was born, they have devoted all their attention to her. To some degree, they neglected victor's feelings. After all, he wanted to share the love from parents with Linda. So they made a decision that they should treat the two children equally. Gradually, something changed in the family. After school Victor often found some delicious food and new toys on his desk. When he did his homework, his father came to his room and sat beside him, reading a book quietly, which made him comfortable and warm. At that time, his mother was taking care of his sister Linda. After he finished his homework, his mother asked him to play with Linda. Seeing her sweet smile, he felt so happy.
Victor realized that his parents still cared for him. So he was determined to help his parents take good care of his sister. Having finished his homework, he learned to clean their rooms and do all the chores that he could. While his mother was cooking, he played with his sister happily. He came to realize that he should take responsibility for the family because he grew up.
黄冈市名校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期7月期末考试
英语试卷
考试时间：120分钟
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）
听力-选择题（略）（本大题共8小题，共8.0分）
二、阅读理解（本大题共18小题，共37.5分）
A
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour ?7.50 ?5.00
3 hours ?11.00 ?7.50
1 day (24 hours) ?14.75 ?9.75
Each additional day ?8.00 ?6.00
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1: 00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
9. What is an advantage of MacBike
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
10. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A. ?15.75. B. ?19.50. C. ?22.75. D. ?29.50.
11. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
B
Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today's state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you're asking.
Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life We're increasingly aware of the fact that we can't control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate(调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that
Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We're now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We've programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you'll see the opposite effect.
The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It's a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people "corrected" official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connection to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river time and other timekeeping systems we're developing may encourage environmental awareness.
When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time's most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.
12. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1
A. Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.
B. Everyone can define time on their own terms.
C. The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.
D. Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists.
13. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to ______.
A. present an assumption B. evaluate an argument
C. highlight an experiment D. introduce an approach
14. What can we learn from this passage
A. Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.
B. New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.
C. Atomic time will get ahead of river time if the rivers run slower.
D. Modern technology may help to shape the rivers' temporal frame.
15. What can we infer from this passage
A. It is crucial to improve the definition of time.
B. A fixed frame will make time meaningless.
C. We should live in harmony with nature.
D. History is a mirror reflecting reality.
C
Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I've also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us "cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction." This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can't keep. "What's new," Johnson wrote, "is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers."
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work's potential. If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because "'quantum' stands for something cool you shouldn't be able to understand." And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson's concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm "by a very large margin (幅度)" to building a "useful" quantum computer, one that "solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise." He adds, "People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others."
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition "by a wide margin", as Taylor claims I don't know. I'm certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
16. Regarding Johnson's concerns, the author feels .
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
17. What leads to Taylor's optimism about quantum computing
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
18. What does the underlined word "prone" in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
19. Which would be the best title for the passage
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype
D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven't given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they'll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
"Solar projects need to be good neighbors," says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. "They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy." InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to "low-impact" solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U. S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. "These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that's going on in the landscape," says Macknick.
20. What do solar developers often ignore
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
21. What does InSPIRE aim to do
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
22. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
23. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
E
“What would the world be if there were no hunger " It's a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn't part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect (交叉) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良) people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking—which, in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don't produce results, but concluded that "we'll never produce results that we can't envision".
24. The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A. illustrate an argument B. highlight an opinion
C. introduce the topic D. predict the ending
25. What can be inferred about the field of nutrition
A. The first objective of systems thinking hasn't been achieved.
B. The relationships among players have been clarified.
C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D. The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
26. As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with
A. It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B. It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C. It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D. It goes beyond human imagination.
三、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）
How much time do you spend doing research before you make a decision There are people who go over every detail exhaustively before making a choice. (27) Sychologists call this way of thinking a cognitive bias (偏见), a tendency toward a specific mental mistake.
To study "jumping", we examined decision-making patterns among more than 600 people from the general population. We found that jumpers made more errors than non-jumpers on problems that require thoughtful analysis. (28) In a quiz about US civics, they overestimated the chance that their answers were right significantly more than other participants did—even when their answers were wrong.
So what is behind "jumping" Psychological researchers commonly distinguish between two pathways of thought: automatic system, which reflects ideas that come to the mind easily, spontaneously and without effort, and controlled system including conscious and effortful reasoning. Jumpers and non-jumpers are equally influenced by automatic thoughts. (29) .
It is the controlled system that helps people counter balance mental biases introduced by the automatic system. As a result, jumpers were more likely to accept the conclusions made at first blush without further questioning. A lack of controlled thinking is also more broadly connected to their problematic beliefs and faulty reasoning.
(30) A method called metacognitive training can be used to target their biases, which can help people think more deliberatively. In this training, participants are confronted with their own biases. They can learn about the missteps and other ways of thinking through the problem at hand. It helps to chip away at participants′ overconfidence.
In everyday life, the question of whether we should think things through or instead go with our gut is a frequent and important one. (31) Sometimes the most important decision we make can be to take some more time before making a choice.
A.Happily, there may be some hope for jumpers.
B.Also, jumpers had problems with overconfidence.
C.But a fair number of individuals are quick to jump to conclusions.
D.It is certainly possible for them to overthink things to take a decision.
E.We plan to continue the work to trace other problems introduced by jumping.
F.The jumpers, however, did not engage in controlled reasoning to the same degree as non-jumpers.
G.Recent studies show that even gathering just a little bit more evidence may help us avoid a major mistake.
四、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共22.5分）
A single tremble shook beneath my feet. The trees above me began to sway (摇摆) hard. Then came the deadly (32) that could only mean one thing, destruction. Every house and object was now (33) . My vision blurred (模糊) even more when I saw the remains of my house. The house that used to (34) all the happiness in the world was now (35) a pile of ruined pieces. I (36) all the times I played with my little brother and sister. Images of them were (37) in my mind, so I let the darkness sweep over me completely so I could see them vividly one last time. I regained a bit of my (38) after lying on the ground for some time. My eyes viewed different things, but I walked on mindlessly, with no (39) to anything around me at all.
Years have passed since the disaster that (40) me years ago. I never thought I would be okay again after this (41) event.
Today I am going on a trip to California to help (42) of a recent earthquake. Then, I see her. A young girl is weeping into her arm. I walk toward her. Losing family was (43) , but because of my life changing experience, I am strong, and I can (44) the lives of those who are suffering as I was. When I reach the girl, she stares at me with sad eyes, and I gently stick out my hand for her to hold to. One day, she may (45) others the way I did for her. She holds my hand tightly, and together, we look for a brighter future where we can help those around us and (46) the world starting with one disaster at a time.
32. A. silence B. power C. emergency D. extinction
33. A. under pressure B. in ruins C. on hand D. in shock
34. A. promote B. supply C. contain D. measure
35. A. extremely B. obviously C. actually D. simply
36. A. adapted to B. thought of C. concentrated on D. worked out
37. A. carved B. buried C. designed D. observed
38. A. balance B. memory C. strength D. impression
39. A. request B. comparison C. path D. reaction
40. A. struck B. identified C. threatened D. reminded
41. A. amazing B. frightening C. exciting D. challenging
42. A. professionals B. volunteers C. survivors D. experts
43. A. painful B. unusual C. awkward D. unique
44. A. appreciate B. possess C. exchange D. improve
45. A. affect B. recognize C. recommend D. contact
46. A. establish B. change C. remove D. revise
第II卷（非选择题）
五、选词填空-句子（本大题共1小题，共10.0分）
47. Eating at restaurants hasn't always been known as the best choice for people （1） ______ are trying to keep a healthy diet. It is （2） ______ （ extreme） hard for people to avoid food that isn't so good for them when dining out. However， you don't have to give （3） ______ your love of restaurants. There are ways that you can eat healthier food when dining out while you can still enjoy the experience.
One method is to take time （4） ______ （ read） the nutrition information. Some restaurants post it on their menus or their website. If you know you're going to visit （5） ______ certain restaurant， you should check the website first. If no nutrition information （6） ______ （ list）， you should check the menu at the restaurant before you order.
Another way is to think about not eating cream or butter sauces. Instead， consider （7） ______ （choose） a sauce that could add a rich flavour to your food without extra calories （卡路里）.
All restaurants have water available. Whether it is free （8） ______ you have to buy it， you should choose to drink water over other drinks like beer or soda， which contains a lot of calories.
Eating out doesn't have to be an unhealthy （9） ______ （ decide） as long as you make wise choices. You could still enjoy all of the benefits of dining out and be （10） ______ （ please） with your choices later on.
六、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共50.0分）
48. 在成长的过程中，我们总是对未来的职业充满憧憬．近期你班将以"My Dream Career" 为题举行演讲比赛．请你根据以下要求写一篇英语演讲稿，内容包括：
1． 你的理想职业；
2． 选择它的理由；
3． 实现的途径．
注意：
1． 词数100词左右；
2． 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3． 可根据内容要点适当发挥，以使行文连贯．
My Dream CareerGood morning， everyone!______
Thank you for listening．
49. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A New Addition to the Family
For the initial ten years of his life, Victor was the prince of the household. As he was an only child, his parents petted him and showered all their love and attention on him. Whatever toys his parents bought, they were always meant for him. Whatever food was in the refrigerator, there was no one to compete with him to polish it off first. Victor could leave his toys or books around the house with complete ease of mind, knowing that there was no one who would get their hands on his belongings and cause any damage.
However, all that was to change overnight when Victor's parents brought back his new baby sister, Lina, from the hospital. With her rosy cheeks, wide open eyes and angelic smile, Lina caught the hearts of her parents, grandparents and relatives. Everyone focused their attention on the cute bunch of joy. Whenever she cried, her mother or father would rush to her bed. She simply cried because she wanted to be carried. There was little time left for Victor.
Now that Victor's mother had his baby sister to take care of, she expected Victor himself to do most of the chores he can do. Victor was asked to clean his own room, iron his own school uniform and clean his own shoes. Before Lina's arrival, he had never lifted a finger to help out with these tasks. The whole family also went out less because it was unhealthy to expose Lina to the bacteria(细菌) being in the outside world too often.
Victor felt neglected by his parents. He felt that they loved Lina more than him. As a result, he tried to attract his parents' attention by becoming resistant. One evening, Victor's parents were called up by his teacher because Victor had got into a fight at school. His teacher had noticed Victor's behaviour and work attitude changing downwards in the past two months. Before that, he had been a model student.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Upon hearing the teacher's feedback, Victor's parents got lost in thought.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Victor realized that his parents still cared for him.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
答案
听力略
9~11.B、C、D
12~15.B、D、C、C
16~19.A、C、A、D
20~23.B、C、A、D
24~26.C、A、B
27~31.C、B、F、A、G
32~46.A、B、C、D、B、A、C、D、A、B、C、A、D、A、B
47.who/that
extremely
up
to read
a
is listed
choosing
or
decision
pleased
48.Today， please allow me to deliver a brief speech on the career I will take up in the future． Undoubtedly， I have great expectations for the future job as everyone else does． My dream career is to be a tour guide．
Since my early age， I have been admiring tour guides who travel worldwide， enjoying the spectacular scenery， appreciating different cultures and enriching their life experience at the same time． Besides， this career is financially rewarding as well so that I can live a well-off life． Additionally， I will have more opportunities tomeet people from all walks of life， which is both challenging and interesting．
To be a good guide is no easy job， for it requires years of arduous practice and continual learning． It is the wide range of knowledge， professionalism and dedication that mould a highly qualified tour guide． Therefore， my dream cannot be fulfilled without industrious work to pave the way．
49. Upon hearing the teacher's feedback, Victor's parents got lost in thought. Since their second child Linda was born, they have devoted all their attention to her. To some degree, they neglected victor's feelings. After all, he wanted to share the love from parents with Linda. So they made a decision that they should treat the two children equally. Gradually, something changed in the family. After school Victor often found some delicious food and new toys on his desk. When he did his homework, his father came to his room and sat beside him, reading a book quietly, which made him comfortable and warm. At that time, his mother was taking care of his sister Linda. After he finished his homework, his mother asked him to play with Linda. Seeing her sweet smile, he felt so happy.
Victor realized that his parents still cared for him. So he was determined to help his parents take good care of his sister. Having finished his homework, he learned to clean their rooms and do all the chores that he could. While his mother was cooking, he played with his sister happily. He came to realize that he should take responsibility for the family because he grew up.
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