UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（二） 语言运用综合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
After an earthquake most survivors can be expected to recover over time, particularly with the support of family and friends. Some families will be able to return to their normal life quickly, while others will have to contend_with the destruction of their homes, medical problems, and injury to family members. Children especially will need time to recover from the loss of a loved one or a pet or from the closing down of their school.
Children often turn to adults for information, comfort and help. Parents should try to remain calm, answer children's questions honestly and remain understanding when they see changes in their children's behavior.
Children react differently to an earthquake depending on their ages, developmental levels and former experiences. Some will respond by withdrawing (不与人交往), while others will have angry outbursts (爆发). Parents should remain sensitive to each child's reactions. Parents should spend time talking to their children, letting them know that it's OK to ask questions and to share their worries. Although it may be hard to find time to have these talks, parents can use regular family mealtimes or bedtimes for them. They should answer questions briefly and honestly and be sure to ask their children for their opinions and ideas. Issues may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again. For young children, parents, after talking about the earthquake, might read a favorite story or have a relaxing family activity to help them calm down. Parents should also tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them. They could play games outside or read together indoors. Most importantly, be sure to tell them you love them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就震后如何帮助孩子恢复身心健康向家长提供了有关的建议。
1．The underlined phrase “contend with” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “______”．
A．deal with B．make up
C．put off D．turn back
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，一些家庭还好，而另一些家庭就不得不应对许多震后带来的问题，进而推断出 contend with为“应对”的意思。选项A与之意义最为接近，故选A项。
2．When children ask the same question again, parents should ______.
A．read a favorite story to comfort them
B．ask them to help do some housework
C．be patient and answer the question again
D．take them out to play game
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Issues may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again.”可知，当孩子再问同样的问题时，父母要再次耐心回答。故选C项。
3．Which of the following pieces of advice is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．Keep a close watch on children's behavior.
B．Tell the children they are safe.
C．Tell the children you love them.
D．Ask educational experts for help.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Parents should remain sensitive to each child's reactions.”“Parents should also tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them.”以及“Most importantly, be sure to tell them you love them.”可知，A、B、C三项文中都提到了，D项没有被提到。故选D项。
4．What can we know from the passage
A．All people will recover from an earthquake quickly.
B．Children may need a longer time to recover after an earthquake.
C．Children should turn to their classmates for help after an earthquake.
D．Children react in the same way as adults do to an earthquake.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，孩子们可能需要更长的时间在地震后恢复。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I was driving on the highway, a big storm came.The rain began to beat __1__ against my car windows. I had to stop and __2__ my car along the roadside.Sitting in the car with boxes of clothes in the back seat, I was __3__ of Hurricane Katrina.
Hurricane Katrina hit Houston when I was fourteen years old.I was __4__ that it would destroy my neighbourhood. __5__ it missed ours, while leaving many parts of the city in ruins.From the TV, I saw a reporter __6__ the homeless people inside the Houston Astrodome (体育馆)．Many of them were in dirty and __7__ clothes, and some had no shoes on their feet.I noticed a little boy behind the reporter hugging an old teddy bear.Suddenly, I knew I had to do __8__.
The next day, my friends __9__ me at our volunteer club and we came up with a plan to __10__ some used toys and give them to the kids at the Astrodome.I hoped they would bring some __11__ to those homeless kids. We spread the word to our schools and other organizations.Three days later, our club was flooded with new toys！When we __12__ the astrodome with our gifts, children __13__ towards us from all directions.
Bzzzz ...My cellphone brought me back to the present.To my joy, the storm had __14__.“Hector, we have had more victims because of the tornado.”“Well, I've brought a lot of clothes for them.The __15__ kept me late, but I'll be there soon！”I turned my car into the suddenly heavy traffic. I knew that any small act of kindness would make a big difference.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了飓风过后，作者及其朋友给无家可归的孩子们送去温暖的故事。文章告诉我们，任何小小的善举都会对社会产生巨大的影响。
1．A.gently B．lazily
C．heavily D．merrily
解析：选C 根据上文“... a big storm came.”可知，雨下得很大。gently“温柔地”；lazily“懒惰地”；heavily“沉重地”；merrily“高兴地，愉快地”。
2．A.wash B．repair
C．check D．park
解析：选D 根据上文雨下得很大可知，此处指“停车”。park“停(车)，泊(车)”。
3．A.reminded B．informed
C．warned D．cleared
解析：选A 此处指作者想起了卡特里娜飓风。remind sb.of sth.“使某人想起某事”。
4．A.happy B．worried
C．sure D．confident
解析：选B 作者担心飓风会摧毁他所在的街区。happy“高兴的”；worried“担忧的”；sure“确信的”；confident“自信的”。
5．A.And B．So
C．Or D．But
解析：选D 但是飓风没有摧毁他所在的街区，而城市的大部分地区成了废墟。but表示转折关系。
6．A.observing B．entertaining
C．interviewing D．challenging
解析：选C 根据上文“From the TV, I saw a reporter”可知，记者在灾后采访受灾群众。
7．A.wet B．cheap
C．beautiful D．funny
解析：选A 他们中许多人穿着又脏又湿的衣服，有些人脚上没有穿鞋。wet“湿的”；cheap“便宜的”；beautiful“漂亮的”；funny“滑稽的”。
8．A.nothing B．everything
C．anything D．something
解析：选D 作者知道必须要(为灾民)做点儿事情。
9．A.greeted B．joined
C．called D．annoyed
解析：选B 作者的朋友也加入志愿者的行列。
10．A.invent B．select
C．collect D．produce
解析：选C 此处指收集用过的玩具。invent “发明”；select“选择”；collect“收集”；produce“生产”。
11．A.comfort B．freedom
C．treatment D．belief
解析：选A 作者希望这些玩具能给那些无家可归的孩子带来安慰。comfort“安慰”；freedom“自由”；treatment“治疗”；belief“信仰”。
12．A.left B．entered
C．decorated D．filled
解析：选B 此处指作者他们带着礼物来到体育馆。
13．A.flew B．paced
C．cycled D．looked
解析：选A 孩子们从四面八方飞奔过来。
14．A.struck B．passed
C．came D．approached
解析：选B 此处指飓风离开了。
15．A.kid B．call
C．traffic D．storm
解析：选D 此处指作者被暴风雨延迟了救援的脚步。storm“暴风雨”，对应前文提到的“... a big storm came”。
Ⅲ.语法填空
That morning I was playing soccer with my friends. We ran home after the strong earthquake and after that I heard a __1__ (real) loud noise, like a plane. When I looked at the sea I saw something that I had never seen before and I was terrified. My family __2__ (rush) into our truck but the road was full of people trying __3__ (escape). The black waves hit our truck, turning us over several __4__ (time) before I lost consciousness (知觉). When I regained consciousness, I found myself in the water. __5__ (hold) on to a school chair, I floated until I landed on the beach. I had no idea where I was and I was so hungry and __6__ (thirst). There were bodies and pieces everywhere. Under a tree I saw a mattress (床垫) which had been washed up __7__ the beach and I started searching for packets of noodles and bottles of water, collecting them around my mattress. After five days I didn't have any water or food left. I survived by __8__ (me) and stayed there for 20 days. When people came to collect the bodies, they rescued me __9__ took me to Fakinah Hospital __10__ I found my father.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了作者经历了一场可怕的自然灾害并活了下来。
1．really 考查副词。空格后是形容词loud，应用副词来修饰，故填really。
2．rushed 考查动词的时态。由本句中的was可知，应用一般过去时。故填rushed。
3．to escape 考查非谓语动词。try to do ...意为“尽力做……”。故用to escape。
4．times 考查名词复数。time在此处表示“次数”，是可数名词，其前有several修饰，故应用其复数形式。
5．Holding 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，hold与其主语I之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
6．thirsty 考查形容词。空格前的hungry为形容词，and连接并列成分，所以空格处也应用形容词，thirst的形容词形式是thirsty。
7．on 考查介词。wash up sth. on ...“把某物冲到……上”。故用介词on。
8．myself 考查代词。by oneself为固定短语，意为“单独，独自”，故用反身代词myself。
9．and 考查连词。空格处连接并列谓语，应用and。
10．where 考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Fakinah Hospital，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（二） 语言运用综合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
After an earthquake most survivors can be expected to recover over time, particularly with the support of family and friends. Some families will be able to return to their normal life quickly, while others will have to contend_with the destruction of their homes, medical problems, and injury to family members. Children especially will need time to recover from the loss of a loved one or a pet or from the closing down of their school.
Children often turn to adults for information, comfort and help. Parents should try to remain calm, answer children's questions honestly and remain understanding when they see changes in their children's behavior.
Children react differently to an earthquake depending on their ages, developmental levels and former experiences. Some will respond by withdrawing (不与人交往), while others will have angry outbursts (爆发). Parents should remain sensitive to each child's reactions. Parents should spend time talking to their children, letting them know that it's OK to ask questions and to share their worries. Although it may be hard to find time to have these talks, parents can use regular family mealtimes or bedtimes for them. They should answer questions briefly and honestly and be sure to ask their children for their opinions and ideas. Issues may come up more than once and parents should remain patient when you answer the questions again. For young children, parents, after talking about the earthquake, might read a favorite story or have a relaxing family activity to help them calm down. Parents should also tell children they are safe and spend extra time with them. They could play games outside or read together indoors. Most importantly, be sure to tell them you love them.
1．The underlined phrase “contend with” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “______”．
A．deal with B．make up
C．put off D．turn back
2．When children ask the same question again, parents should ______.
A．read a favorite story to comfort them
B．ask them to help do some housework
C．be patient and answer the question again
D．take them out to play game
3．Which of the following pieces of advice is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．Keep a close watch on children's behavior.
B．Tell the children they are safe.
C．Tell the children you love them.
D．Ask educational experts for help.
4．What can we know from the passage
A．All people will recover from an earthquake quickly.
B．Children may need a longer time to recover after an earthquake.
C．Children should turn to their classmates for help after an earthquake.
D．Children react in the same way as adults do to an earthquake.
Ⅱ.完形填空
When I was driving on the highway, a big storm came.The rain began to beat __1__ against my car windows. I had to stop and __2__ my car along the roadside.Sitting in the car with boxes of clothes in the back seat, I was __3__ of Hurricane Katrina.
Hurricane Katrina hit Houston when I was fourteen years old.I was __4__ that it would destroy my neighbourhood. __5__ it missed ours, while leaving many parts of the city in ruins.From the TV, I saw a reporter __6__ the homeless people inside the Houston Astrodome (体育馆)．Many of them were in dirty and __7__ clothes, and some had no shoes on their feet.I noticed a little boy behind the reporter hugging an old teddy bear.Suddenly, I knew I had to do __8__.
The next day, my friends __9__ me at our volunteer club and we came up with a plan to __10__ some used toys and give them to the kids at the Astrodome.I hoped they would bring some __11__ to those homeless kids. We spread the word to our schools and other organizations.Three days later, our club was flooded with new toys！When we __12__ the astrodome with our gifts, children __13__ towards us from all directions.
Bzzzz ...My cellphone brought me back to the present.To my joy, the storm had __14__.“Hector, we have had more victims because of the tornado.”“Well, I've brought a lot of clothes for them.The __15__ kept me late, but I'll be there soon！”I turned my car into the suddenly heavy traffic. I knew that any small act of kindness would make a big difference.
1．A.gently B．lazily
C．heavily D．merrily
2．A.wash B．repair
C．check D．park
3．A.reminded B．informed
C．warned D．cleared
4．A.happy B．worried
C．sure D．confident
5．A.And B．So
C．Or D．But
6．A.observing B．entertaining
C．interviewing D．challenging
7．A.wet B．cheap
C．beautiful D．funny
8．A.nothing B．everything
C．anything D．something
9．A.greeted B．joined
C．called D．annoyed
10．A.invent B．select
C．collect D．produce
11．A.comfort B．freedom
C．treatment D．belief
12．A.left B．entered
C．decorated D．filled
13．A.flew B．paced
C．cycled D．looked
14．A.struck B．passed
C．came D．approached
15．A.kid B．call
C．traffic D．storm
Ⅲ.语法填空
That morning I was playing soccer with my friends. We ran home after the strong earthquake and after that I heard a __1__ (real) loud noise, like a plane. When I looked at the sea I saw something that I had never seen before and I was terrified. My family __2__ (rush) into our truck but the road was full of people trying __3__ (escape). The black waves hit our truck, turning us over several __4__ (time) before I lost consciousness (知觉). When I regained consciousness, I found myself in the water. __5__ (hold) on to a school chair, I floated until I landed on the beach. I had no idea where I was and I was so hungry and __6__ (thirst). There were bodies and pieces everywhere. Under a tree I saw a mattress (床垫) which had been washed up __7__ the beach and I started searching for packets of noodles and bottles of water, collecting them around my mattress. After five days I didn't have any water or food left. I survived by __8__ (me) and stayed there for 20 days. When people came to collect the bodies, they rescued me __9__ took me to Fakinah Hospital __10__ I found my father.UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（三） 阅读写作融会练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Earthquakes happen without warning (前兆). They can happen any time of a day, at any point during the year. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. However, it's important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.
Do not go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines (输电线)．
Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.
Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake, not by the shaking itself.
Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself in the fire.
If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it's safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and don't drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对如何在地震中幸存下来和保护好自己的介绍，以此来提高我们的安全防范意识。
1．Most earthquakes are too ________ to hurt people.
A．strong B．weak
C．dangerous D．heavy
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 “But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt.”可知，大多数地震都很“微弱”。故选B。
2．From the passage, when an earthquake is happening, we should ________.
A．stay under a big building
B．stay under a strong furniture
C．stand by windows
D．drive near a big bridge
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture.”可知，地震发生时我们应该躲在书桌、餐桌或其他结实的家具下面。故选B。
3．It isn't safe for you to ________ while the earthquake is happening.
A．run out of the building
B．stay in a corner of the building
C．cover your head with your arms
D．cover your mouth with a towel
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Do not go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings.”以及第三段最后一句“Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.”可知，地震期间不要出去会更安全一些。故选A。
4．What's the main idea of the passage
A．How dangerous the earthquake is.
B．How to be safe in an earthquake.
C．We shouldn't be afraid of the earthquake.
D．How the earthquake comes into being.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“However, it's important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.”以及下文每一段的首句可知，本文讲的是地震来临的时候如何保护自己。故选B。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震。请你给王林写一封信，内容包括：
1．询问王林及其家人是否安好；
2．得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；
3．愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Wang Lin，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Wang Lin，
How are you doing？When I watched the news on TV, I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city.I am really concerned about you and your family.
I'm so sorry to hear about the disaster.It caused six deaths and left more than five hundred persons injured.What's worse,20 persons were missing and over two hundred houses fell down.I hope that none of your family members was injured.
Please don't be worried.Everything will be fine.If you need any help，please let me know.As one of your best friends, I will do what I can to help you.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the far away land, there was a beautiful kingdom with its special rule. The rule said, everyone may become the king, with all of his rights to govern the country for five years. After that he must be caught, his body will be tied and he will be thrown away to a far away island where the jungle is thick and there are plenty of wild animals and no human.
Then, one by one, people became the king. The first man said, “OK, I'm ready to be the king.” And he became a king for five years. What he did in his five years was enjoying his position. He threw big parties, went to many beautiful places, married many women, collected many valuable things and did other things that pleased himself. Those were all he did and he never prepared anything for his future. Until one day the time came. One morning when the king woke up, suddenly strong soldiers came to his palace and said, “We came here under the order of law. Now it's time for you to be thrown away to the far away island.” The king wasn't surprised but he felt that time passed by too fast. He had enjoyed himself in the past five years but now he had to accept his destiny with tears in his eyes. The soldiers sent him to the dangerous island and left. All they heard was the voices of the wild animals and the long scream of the former king; and then silent again.
Every other king was the same until a young man came and became the king. Unlike other kings who followed their passion for having fun, the king was always seen to be thinking about something deeply.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision. ________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
Finally the time came when the king had to be thrown away to the island.____________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision. He decided to use all his rights to prepare for his life at the dangerous island. In the first year he sent troops, soldiers and animal trainers to kill the wild animals or train them for good use. The task was so huge but it was worthwhile. Then the king sent a lot of farmers to start a wide rice field and began to grow rice. Next he had many facilities, from hospital to school, built. After that he sent a lot of educated people there. At last he sent all his families to the island.
Paragraph 2:
Finally the time came when the king had to be thrown away to the island. With many strong soldiers catching him, he smiled. He had prepared everything for the final day.When he was sent to the island, the island had taken on a new look. Everybody there lived a comfortable life and the king was welcomed warmly by his people. They cheered, “Long live the wise king”. The wise king lived happily ever after. The clever people live now in the world to prepare for their life in the future.UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（三） 阅读写作融会练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Earthquakes happen without warning (前兆). They can happen any time of a day, at any point during the year. But don't worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt. Only a few big ones hurt people. However, it's important to know what to do when an earthquake is happening.
Do not go outside. You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings. If you are outside, stay away from buildings and power lines (输电线)．
Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing. Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.
Keep away from windows, pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building, and anything else that could fall and hurt you. Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake, not by the shaking itself.
Also keep away from a fire. You could fall down and burn yourself in the fire.
If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it's safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and don't drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees. These could fall and hurt you.
1．Most earthquakes are too ________ to hurt people.
A．strong B．weak
C．dangerous D．heavy
2．From the passage, when an earthquake is happening, we should ________.
A．stay under a big building
B．stay under a strong furniture
C．stand by windows
D．drive near a big bridge
3．It isn't safe for you to ________ while the earthquake is happening.
A．run out of the building
B．stay in a corner of the building
C．cover your head with your arms
D．cover your mouth with a towel
4．What's the main idea of the passage
A．How dangerous the earthquake is.
B．How to be safe in an earthquake.
C．We shouldn't be afraid of the earthquake.
D．How the earthquake comes into being.
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你朋友王林所在的城市发生了地震。请你给王林写一封信，内容包括：
1．询问王林及其家人是否安好；
2．得知该地震的影响：6人死亡，500多人受伤，20人失踪，200多所房子坍塌；
3．愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Wang Lin，
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Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In the far away land, there was a beautiful kingdom with its special rule. The rule said, everyone may become the king, with all of his rights to govern the country for five years. After that he must be caught, his body will be tied and he will be thrown away to a far away island where the jungle is thick and there are plenty of wild animals and no human.
Then, one by one, people became the king. The first man said, “OK, I'm ready to be the king.” And he became a king for five years. What he did in his five years was enjoying his position. He threw big parties, went to many beautiful places, married many women, collected many valuable things and did other things that pleased himself. Those were all he did and he never prepared anything for his future. Until one day the time came. One morning when the king woke up, suddenly strong soldiers came to his palace and said, “We came here under the order of law. Now it's time for you to be thrown away to the far away island.” The king wasn't surprised but he felt that time passed by too fast. He had enjoyed himself in the past five years but now he had to accept his destiny with tears in his eyes. The soldiers sent him to the dangerous island and left. All they heard was the voices of the wild animals and the long scream of the former king; and then silent again.
Every other king was the same until a young man came and became the king. Unlike other kings who followed their passion for having fun, the king was always seen to be thinking about something deeply.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
And not very long after that, he made a surprising decision. ________________________
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Paragraph 2：
Finally the time came when the king had to be thrown away to the island.____________
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________________________________________________________________________UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（四） 重点题型强化练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A United Nations report says better planning could help developing countries reduce deaths from natural disasters. One-million-five-hundred-thousand people died in natural disasters between 1980 and 2000. These included earthquakes, volcanoes, storms and severe dry periods. On an average day, one-hundred-eighty-four people die in natural disasters.
These are the findings of a new study by the U-N Development Program. An international team of experts examined information collected over twenty years. They found that disasters put development at risk. And they also found that the choices that individuals, communities and nations make can create new risks.
Researchers found that earthquakes killed more people by comparison in countries with high growth rates in cities. They say this is mainly because of poor quality housing and crowded conditions. Flooding caused more deaths in countries with widely spread populations. Rescue workers have a hard time reaching victims.
Things like armed conflicts can turn dry weather into situations where people starve. Droughts and floods can also increase the spread of disease.
The researchers created a special measure to show that poverty and the risk of dying in a disaster are linked. They call it a Disaster Risk Index. They gathered the number of people exposed to disasters in more than two-hundred nations. Then they compared those numbers to the populations of the countries.
The researchers found that only eleven percent of people exposed to natural disasters live in developing nations. However, these people represent more than fifty-three percent of the deaths recorded.
The study urges governments to develop better city planning. It also urges them to improve methods to rescue disaster victims. More importantly, the researchers say a strong government structure is needed. They say this can reduce disaster risks and improve development.
The U-N researchers say they hope the study will improve understanding of the relationship between disaster risk and development. Their report is called “Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。自然灾害在发展中国家会引起重大伤亡，但是更好的城市规划、更佳的救援方法和更有效的政府机构可以降低自然灾害的影响。本文对这方面的研究进行了报道。
1．What caused too many deaths between 1980 and 2000
A．Earthquakes. B．Volcanoes.
C．Storms and dry. D．Natural disasters.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，在1980至2000年，主要是自然灾害造成人类死亡。
2．How did the new study by the U-N Development Program get its findings
A．By analyzing information.
B．By using examples.
C．By comparing.
D．By questioning.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，国际研究专家团队通过分析过去二十年收集的资料得出研究结论。
3．Why did flooding cause more deaths in countries with widely spread populations
A．Because housing quality is poor and crowded.
B．Because flooding is more powerful than earthquake.
C．Because it is difficult for rescue workers to reach victims.
D．Because governments are too busy to care about flooding.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，洪水在人口居住分散地区造成更大伤亡的原因是救援人员很难及时前来施救。
4．What attitude does the researchers hold toward governments
A．Critical. B．Anticipated.
C．Indifferent. D．Grateful.
解析：选B 观点态度题。由倒数第二段可知，作者认为政府在城市规划、救援办法和政府机构改善方面都有提升的空间，以应对灾难，对政府的发挥更重要的角色怀有期待。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
In 1980 in Washington, after 123 years of hibernation, Mount St. Helens erupted. __1__. The eruption released a lot of hot ash, gas, steam, and rocks that mowed down giant trees up to 15 miles away.
__2__. Some, like Mount St. Helens, explode. Explosive eruptions are so powerful. They can shoot particles 20 miles up, and cause massive landslides. __3__， which destroys everything in its path. Explosive volcanoes cause most of the volcano-related fatalities (灾祸)．
Volcanoes, like Mauna Loa in Hawaii, are effusive (溢流喷发). Rather than a violent explosion, lava pours or flows out. Fatalities from volcanoes are rare because people can usually outrun the lava. However, some people get too close or become trapped with no escape. __4__.
Volcanic eruptions can cause damage hundreds of miles away. Volcanic ash causes airplane engines to fail, destroys crops, makes water dirty, and damages electronics and machinery. The ash covers the ground, burying everything, sometimes even causing buildings to fall down.
A volcanic eruption forever changes the landscape. __5__， they also create mountains, islands, and, eventually, rich land.
A．Volcanoes are very harmful
B．Though volcanoes destroy
C．Volcanoes erupt in different ways
D．Better ways must be found to deal with volcanoes
E．Explosive eruptions also create a fall of hot volcanic debris, ash, and gas
F．The blast (冲击波) destroyed 230 square miles of forest within minutes
G．The flowing lava destroys everything it touches including farms, houses, and roads
语篇解读：虽然火山爆发会造成极大的危害，但是它可以改变地貌，形成山、岛屿，最终成为肥沃的土地。
1．选F 上文提到“1980年在华盛顿，在休眠了123年后，圣海伦火山爆发了”，F项“冲击波在几分钟内摧毁了230平方英里的森林”可承接上文。
2．选C 下文提到圣海伦火山是爆发，莫纳罗亚火山是喷发。由此可知，火山爆发的方式不同，所以用C项引出下文。
3．选E 根据下文的“毁坏了它路上的一切”可知，E项符合语境。
4．选G 上文提到“熔岩流了出来”，G项“流动的熔岩摧毁了它所触及的一切东西，包括农场、房屋和道路”可承接上文。
5．选B 根据下文的“它们还创造了山脉、岛屿，最后是肥沃的土地”可知，B项符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
In 1989 an 8.2 earthquake almost flattened (使变平) America, killing over 30,000 people in less than four minutes. Soon after the earthquake, a father rushed to his son's school, only to __1__ that the building lay in ruins. He remembered the promise he had __2__ to his son: “No matter what happens, I'll always be there for you！” And tears began to __3__ his eyes. As he looked at the pile of ruins, it looked hopeless, but he kept remembering his __4__ to his son. He rushed there and started digging through the ruins.
As he was digging, other helpless parents arrived, __5__： “It's too late! They're all dead! Come on, face reality, there's nothing you can do！” To each parent, he __6__ with the words: “Are you going to help me now？” No one helped. And then he __7__ to dig for his son, stone by stone.
Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know for himself: “Is my boy __8__ or is he dead？” He dug for eight hours ... 12 hours ... 24 hours ... 36 hours ... then, in the 38th hour, he __9__ back a large stone and heard his son's __10__. He screamed his son's name, “ARMAND！” He heard back, “Dad！？！ It's me, Dad! I told the other kids not to __11__. I told them that if you were alive, you would __12__ me and if you saved me, they'd be saved. You promised, ‘No matter what happens, I'll always be there for you！’ You did it, Dad！”
“What's going on in there？” the father asked.
“There are 14 of us __13__ out of 33, Dad. We're __14__， hungry, thirsty and thankfully you're here. When the building __15__， it made a triangle, and it saved us.”
“Come out, boy！”
“No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, because I know you'll get me! No matter what happens, I know you'll always be there for me！”
语篇解读：文章讲述了父亲如何履行自己曾对儿子许下的诺言，从地震的废墟中救出儿子和同学的故事。
1．A.admit B．discover
C．invent D．recognize
解析：选B 一位父亲冲到儿子的学校，结果发现(discover)大楼已成为一片废墟了。
2．A.made B．carried
C．recommended D．considered
解析：选A make a promise“许下诺言”。
3．A.fill B．cover
C．come D．burst
解析：选A 他眼里开始充满(fill)了泪水。
4．A.picture B．promise
C．present D．encourage
解析：选B 从上文“the promise”可知，他一直记着他对他儿子许下的诺言(promise)。
5．A.calling B．talking
C．saying D．thinking
解析：选C 根据后面“It's too late! They're all dead！”可知，此处指他们说(saying)。
6．A.responded B．wrote
C．copied D．provided
解析：选A 根据上文其他人对他说的话可知，此处选回答(responded)。
7．A.decided B．allowed
C．continued D．stopped
解析：选C 然后他一块石头一块石头地继续(continued)挖他的儿子。
8．A.afraid B．awake
C．alive D．lively
解析：选C 此处选alive(活着的)，与后面的dead相呼应。
9．A.paid B．brought
C．returned D．pulled
解析：选D 他掀起(pulled back)了一块大石头，听到了儿子的声音(voice)。
10．A.sound B．voice
C．noise D．tone
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
11．A.worry B．dig
C．run D．inspire
解析：选A “我”告诉他们不要担心(worry)。根据下文可知，他是在安慰其他孩子。
12．A.protect B．save
C．prevent D．defend
解析：选B “我”告诉他们如果你活着就会救(save)“我”。
13．A.remained B．missing
C．left D．gone
解析：选C 在33个人中还剩下(left)我们14个人。
14．A.calm B．silent
C．scared D．satisfied
解析：选C 我们害怕(scared)、饥饿、口渴，非常感谢你在这里。
15．A.put up B．set up
C．pulled down D．fell down
解析：选D 大楼倒塌(fell down)时形成了个三角，救了我们。UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（四） 重点题型强化练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A United Nations report says better planning could help developing countries reduce deaths from natural disasters. One-million-five-hundred-thousand people died in natural disasters between 1980 and 2000. These included earthquakes, volcanoes, storms and severe dry periods. On an average day, one-hundred-eighty-four people die in natural disasters.
These are the findings of a new study by the U-N Development Program. An international team of experts examined information collected over twenty years. They found that disasters put development at risk. And they also found that the choices that individuals, communities and nations make can create new risks.
Researchers found that earthquakes killed more people by comparison in countries with high growth rates in cities. They say this is mainly because of poor quality housing and crowded conditions. Flooding caused more deaths in countries with widely spread populations. Rescue workers have a hard time reaching victims.
Things like armed conflicts can turn dry weather into situations where people starve. Droughts and floods can also increase the spread of disease.
The researchers created a special measure to show that poverty and the risk of dying in a disaster are linked. They call it a Disaster Risk Index. They gathered the number of people exposed to disasters in more than two-hundred nations. Then they compared those numbers to the populations of the countries.
The researchers found that only eleven percent of people exposed to natural disasters live in developing nations. However, these people represent more than fifty-three percent of the deaths recorded.
The study urges governments to develop better city planning. It also urges them to improve methods to rescue disaster victims. More importantly, the researchers say a strong government structure is needed. They say this can reduce disaster risks and improve development.
The U-N researchers say they hope the study will improve understanding of the relationship between disaster risk and development. Their report is called “Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development.”
1．What caused too many deaths between 1980 and 2000
A．Earthquakes. B．Volcanoes.
C．Storms and dry. D．Natural disasters.
2．How did the new study by the U-N Development Program get its findings
A．By analyzing information.
B．By using examples.
C．By comparing.
D．By questioning.
3．Why did flooding cause more deaths in countries with widely spread populations
A．Because housing quality is poor and crowded.
B．Because flooding is more powerful than earthquake.
C．Because it is difficult for rescue workers to reach victims.
D．Because governments are too busy to care about flooding.
4．What attitude does the researchers hold toward governments
A．Critical. B．Anticipated.
C．Indifferent. D．Grateful.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
In 1980 in Washington, after 123 years of hibernation, Mount St. Helens erupted. __1__. The eruption released a lot of hot ash, gas, steam, and rocks that mowed down giant trees up to 15 miles away.
__2__. Some, like Mount St. Helens, explode. Explosive eruptions are so powerful. They can shoot particles 20 miles up, and cause massive landslides. __3__， which destroys everything in its path. Explosive volcanoes cause most of the volcano-related fatalities (灾祸)．
Volcanoes, like Mauna Loa in Hawaii, are effusive (溢流喷发). Rather than a violent explosion, lava pours or flows out. Fatalities from volcanoes are rare because people can usually outrun the lava. However, some people get too close or become trapped with no escape. __4__.
Volcanic eruptions can cause damage hundreds of miles away. Volcanic ash causes airplane engines to fail, destroys crops, makes water dirty, and damages electronics and machinery. The ash covers the ground, burying everything, sometimes even causing buildings to fall down.
A volcanic eruption forever changes the landscape. __5__， they also create mountains, islands, and, eventually, rich land.
A．Volcanoes are very harmful
B．Though volcanoes destroy
C．Volcanoes erupt in different ways
D．Better ways must be found to deal with volcanoes
E．Explosive eruptions also create a fall of hot volcanic debris, ash, and gas
F．The blast (冲击波) destroyed 230 square miles of forest within minutes
G．The flowing lava destroys everything it touches including farms, houses, and roads
Ⅲ.完形填空
In 1989 an 8.2 earthquake almost flattened (使变平) America, killing over 30,000 people in less than four minutes. Soon after the earthquake, a father rushed to his son's school, only to __1__ that the building lay in ruins. He remembered the promise he had __2__ to his son: “No matter what happens, I'll always be there for you！” And tears began to __3__ his eyes. As he looked at the pile of ruins, it looked hopeless, but he kept remembering his __4__ to his son. He rushed there and started digging through the ruins.
As he was digging, other helpless parents arrived, __5__： “It's too late! They're all dead! Come on, face reality, there's nothing you can do！” To each parent, he __6__ with the words: “Are you going to help me now？” No one helped. And then he __7__ to dig for his son, stone by stone.
Courageously he went on alone because he needed to know for himself: “Is my boy __8__ or is he dead？” He dug for eight hours ... 12 hours ... 24 hours ... 36 hours ... then, in the 38th hour, he __9__ back a large stone and heard his son's __10__. He screamed his son's name, “ARMAND！” He heard back, “Dad！？！ It's me, Dad! I told the other kids not to __11__. I told them that if you were alive, you would __12__ me and if you saved me, they'd be saved. You promised, ‘No matter what happens, I'll always be there for you！’ You did it, Dad！”
“What's going on in there？” the father asked.
“There are 14 of us __13__ out of 33, Dad. We're __14__， hungry, thirsty and thankfully you're here. When the building __15__， it made a triangle, and it saved us.”
“Come out, boy！”
“No, Dad! Let the other kids out first, because I know you'll get me! No matter what happens, I know you'll always be there for me！”
1．A.admit B．discover
C．invent D．recognize
2．A.made B．carried
C．recommended D．considered
3．A.fill B．cover
C．come D．burst
4．A.picture B．promise
C．present D．encourage
5．A.calling B．talking
C．saying D．thinking
6．A.responded B．wrote
C．copied D．provided
7．A.decided B．allowed
C．continued D．stopped
8．A.afraid B．awake
C．alive D．lively
9．A.paid B．brought
C．returned D．pulled
10．A.sound B．voice
C．noise D．tone
11．A.worry B．dig
C．run D．inspire
12．A.protect B．save
C．prevent D．defend
13．A.remained B．missing
C．left D．gone
14．A.calm B．silent
C．scared D．satisfied
15．A.put up B．set up
C．pulled down D．fell downUNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（一） 阅读理解专项练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington D. C.
And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on.And she's not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.
“It's very different from their normal call，” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs (monkey like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual.”
But you can't see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you Maybe you can — if you're an animal. “Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing，” said Brandie Smith. “That's part of their special abilities. They're more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”
Primates weren't the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound and a huge lizard (蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes (a kind of birds) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.
So what kind of vibrations (震动) were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake Scientist Susan Hough said earthquakes produce two types of waves — a weak “P” wave and then a much stronger “S” wave. The “P” stands for “primary”. And the “S” stands for “secondary”. She thinks the “P” wave might be what sets the animals off.
Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith said the zoo's giant pandas didn't jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “I'm not surprised at all，” Smith said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在地震前动物们的表现，有些动物对地震敏感，而有些动物对地震没有察觉。
1．Why did Mandara act strangely one day
A．Because it sensed something unusual would happen.
B．Because its daughter Kibibi was injured.
C．Because it heard an orangutan let out a loud call.
D．Because an earthquake had happened.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，一天，Mandara表现得很奇怪，因为它感觉有一些不同寻常的事情要发生，故选A。
2．According to Brandie Smith, ______.
A．many animals hearing is sharp
B．earthquakes produce two types of waves
C．primates usually gather together before a quake
D．humans can also develop the ability to sense a quake
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第四段“Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing”和 “That's part of their special abilities. They're more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”可知，Brandie Smith认为许多动物的听觉很敏锐，故选A。
3．What is the best title for the passage
A．How animals survive a quake
B．How animals differ from humans
C．How animals behave before a quake
D．How animals protect their young in a quake
解析：选C 标题归纳题。通过全文以及最后一段中 “Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake.”可知，这篇文章主要讲了在地震前动物们的表现，有些动物对地震敏感，而有些动物对地震没有察觉，故选C。
B
Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage.
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude (震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0.There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experience with earthquakes might be considered insignificant.
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes that to us felt like hours.
The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the_famous_landmark.
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer — something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father”．Minutes later, I was safe outside.
语篇解读：作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。
4．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about ________.
A．a new film about an earthquake
B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences
D．how to save children in an earthquake
解析：选C 写作意图题。作者主要是向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。
5．The earthquakes the author has experienced ________.
A．all caused bodily harm
B．are all recorded in a website
C．all measured more than 6.0
D．all happened in California
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955 ...in California.”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”可知答案。
6．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to
A．A church.
B．Disneyland.
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake.
D．The place where the author was born.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。
7．Which of the following statements is NOT true about the third earthquake
A．It happened in the author's sixties.
B．The author succeeded in getting outside.
C．When it happened, the author was in a church.
D．The author was too afraid to walk when it happened.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句中的“I quickly headed for the door to go outside”可知作者很快就跑出去了。故选D项。
C
Hurricanes could be lasting longer after they make landfall, and spreading their damage farther inland, a new study suggests, which is a previously undescribed effect of climate change.
The study, published in the journal Nature, analyzed hurricanes that have struck North America from 1967 to 2018. It found that hurricanes making landfall in the 1960s lost 75 percent of their power in the first day after coming ashore, while today a hurricane that strikes land typically decays by about 50 percent in the first day.
The study's authors claimed rising ocean temperature is the driving force behind the formation of longer-lived hurricanes. They ran four models that simulate (模拟) a hurricane moving over land. In each, they adjusted the temperature of the ocean water underneath the storm. The higher the sea surface temperature was, the researchers found, the more moisture (水汽) a storm carried over land and the longer it lasted. They said if a hurricane is like an engine, the warm ocean water beneath it is like fuel. When ocean water is particularly warm, as it is in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, it can increase pressure on hurricanes. If human-caused climate warming continues, they added, the destructive power of hurricanes — some with 100-plus-mile-per-hour winds and heavy rainfall — could extend farther inland and especially affect ill-equipped communities.
James Kossin, a climate scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said, “They make a convincing case that the long-lasting hurricane is related to higher ocean temperature, and this can in turn be linked to climate change.”
“I would probably support the opinion that this phenomenon (现象) is possibly happening，” said Dan Chavas, an atmospheric scientist at Purdue University and one of the study's reviewers. “I think the effect is very real, but the question is how strong the effect is. We still have a long way to go.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了研究者通过分析数据和做实验来进行研究，进而向大家介绍了一项关于飓风的新的研究。
8．What does the underlined word “decays” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Spreads. B．Hits.
C．Rises. D．Weakens.
解析：选D 词义猜测题。根据画线句中连词while以及 lost 75 percent of their power in the first day和decays by about 50 percent in the first day可知，句中将飓风的过去和现在登陆后强度的衰减进行了对比，由此推知画线词decays与上文lost同义，表示“失去，衰落，减弱”。故选D。
9．How did the researchers mainly conduct the study
A．By analyzing data and doing experiments.
B．By observing hurricanes and making records.
C．By simulating hurricanes and having discussions.
D．By giving explanations and making comparisons.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段的数据，以及第三段的“They ran four models that simulate (模拟) a hurricane moving over land.”可知，研究者主要是通过分析数据和做实验来进行研究的。故选A。
10．What do Dan Chavas's words indicate
A．Measures should be taken to predict hurricanes.
B．Climate change leads to higher ocean temperature.
C．More research is needed to study this phenomenon.
D．The effect of hurricanes is weakened in inland areas.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“I think the effect is very real, but the question is how strong the effect is. We still have a long way to go.”可知，他的话表明了需要更多的研究来研究这一现象。故选C。
11．What's the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To inform readers of a new study.
B．To prepare people for powerful hurricanes.
C．To call for global action on climate change.
D．To warn readers of the danger of global warming.
解析：选A 写作意图题。根据第一段内容以及第二段的“The study, published in the journal Nature, analyzed hurricanes that have struck North America from 1967 to 2018.”可知，本文在介绍这个研究，所以作者写这篇文章的目的就是告诉读者一项新的研究。故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home Take the time now to review the following safety tips, and your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home：
__1__
An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of a burning house. The idea is to get outside quickly and safely. __2__ So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of your home.
Stay low
If you can see smoke in the house, stay low to the ground as you make your way to the exit. __3__ You will breathe less smoke if you stay to the ground. Smoke naturally rises, so if there is smoke while you are using your escape route, staying low means you can crawl (爬) under most of it.
What if you can't get out right away
If you can't get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route, you will want to yell for help. You can do this from an open window or call 911 if you have a phone with you. __4__ Or, firefighters will have a hard time finding you. The sooner they find you, the sooner you both can get out.
If your clothes catch fire, what should you do
Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by accident if you step too close to a candle. If this happens, don't run! Instead, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and roll. This will cut off the air and put out the flames. __5__
A．An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and Roll!
B．Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.
C．Preventing fires is in the first place!
D．Know your way out.
E．They will help prepare you for what you need to do in case of a fire.
F．Even if you are scared, never hide under the bed or in a closet.
G．In a fire, smoke and poisonous (有毒的) air hurt more people than the actual flames (火焰) do.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如果发生火灾的话，我们应该做的事情。
1．选D 本空是一个小标题。根据下文内容中的An escape plan, get out of, get outside quickly and safely等可知，本小标题与逃跑的路线有关，故答案为D。
2．选B 空格后说知道和记住不同的出路非常重要，本空应是说原因，故答案为B。
3．选G 空格前后都有smoke，选项G中的内容与之对应，故答案为G。
4．选F 根据空格后“Or, firefighters will have a hard time finding you.”可知，此处应填难以找到的原因，故F项符合语境。
5．选A 此空所在的小标题是“如果你的衣服着火了，你怎么办？”，空格处应该是介绍灭火的方法，文中的stop, drop等与选项A中的Stop, Drop, Roll等对应，故答案为A。UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（一） 阅读理解专项练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Mandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington D. C.
And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on.And she's not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.
“It's very different from their normal call，” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs (monkey like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual.”
But you can't see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you Maybe you can — if you're an animal. “Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing，” said Brandie Smith. “That's part of their special abilities. They're more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”
Primates weren't the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound and a huge lizard (蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes (a kind of birds) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.
So what kind of vibrations (震动) were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake Scientist Susan Hough said earthquakes produce two types of waves — a weak “P” wave and then a much stronger “S” wave. The “P” stands for “primary”. And the “S” stands for “secondary”. She thinks the “P” wave might be what sets the animals off.
Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. For example, Smith said the zoo's giant pandas didn't jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “I'm not surprised at all，” Smith said.
1．Why did Mandara act strangely one day
A．Because it sensed something unusual would happen.
B．Because its daughter Kibibi was injured.
C．Because it heard an orangutan let out a loud call.
D．Because an earthquake had happened.
2．According to Brandie Smith, ______.
A．many animals hearing is sharp
B．earthquakes produce two types of waves
C．primates usually gather together before a quake
D．humans can also develop the ability to sense a quake
3．What is the best title for the passage
A．How animals survive a quake
B．How animals differ from humans
C．How animals behave before a quake
D．How animals protect their young in a quake
B
Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage.
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude (震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0.There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experience with earthquakes might be considered insignificant.
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes that to us felt like hours.
The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the_famous_landmark.
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer — something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father”．Minutes later, I was safe outside.
4．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about ________.
A．a new film about an earthquake
B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences
D．how to save children in an earthquake
5．The earthquakes the author has experienced ________.
A．all caused bodily harm
B．are all recorded in a website
C．all measured more than 6.0
D．all happened in California
6．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to
A．A church.
B．Disneyland.
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake.
D．The place where the author was born.
7．Which of the following statements is NOT true about the third earthquake
A．It happened in the author's sixties.
B．The author succeeded in getting outside.
C．When it happened, the author was in a church.
D．The author was too afraid to walk when it happened.
C
Hurricanes could be lasting longer after they make landfall, and spreading their damage farther inland, a new study suggests, which is a previously undescribed effect of climate change.
The study, published in the journal Nature, analyzed hurricanes that have struck North America from 1967 to 2018. It found that hurricanes making landfall in the 1960s lost 75 percent of their power in the first day after coming ashore, while today a hurricane that strikes land typically decays by about 50 percent in the first day.
The study's authors claimed rising ocean temperature is the driving force behind the formation of longer-lived hurricanes. They ran four models that simulate (模拟) a hurricane moving over land. In each, they adjusted the temperature of the ocean water underneath the storm. The higher the sea surface temperature was, the researchers found, the more moisture (水汽) a storm carried over land and the longer it lasted. They said if a hurricane is like an engine, the warm ocean water beneath it is like fuel. When ocean water is particularly warm, as it is in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, it can increase pressure on hurricanes. If human-caused climate warming continues, they added, the destructive power of hurricanes — some with 100-plus-mile-per-hour winds and heavy rainfall — could extend farther inland and especially affect ill-equipped communities.
James Kossin, a climate scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), said, “They make a convincing case that the long-lasting hurricane is related to higher ocean temperature, and this can in turn be linked to climate change.”
“I would probably support the opinion that this phenomenon (现象) is possibly happening，” said Dan Chavas, an atmospheric scientist at Purdue University and one of the study's reviewers. “I think the effect is very real, but the question is how strong the effect is. We still have a long way to go.”
8．What does the underlined word “decays” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Spreads. B．Hits.
C．Rises. D．Weakens.
9．How did the researchers mainly conduct the study
A．By analyzing data and doing experiments.
B．By observing hurricanes and making records.
C．By simulating hurricanes and having discussions.
D．By giving explanations and making comparisons.
10．What do Dan Chavas's words indicate
A．Measures should be taken to predict hurricanes.
B．Climate change leads to higher ocean temperature.
C．More research is needed to study this phenomenon.
D．The effect of hurricanes is weakened in inland areas.
11．What's the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To inform readers of a new study.
B．To prepare people for powerful hurricanes.
C．To call for global action on climate change.
D．To warn readers of the danger of global warming.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Would you know what to do if a fire started in your home Take the time now to review the following safety tips, and your family will be prepared in time of a fire in your home：
__1__
An escape plan can help every member of a family get out of a burning house. The idea is to get outside quickly and safely. __2__ So it is important to learn and remember the different ways out of your home.
Stay low
If you can see smoke in the house, stay low to the ground as you make your way to the exit. __3__ You will breathe less smoke if you stay to the ground. Smoke naturally rises, so if there is smoke while you are using your escape route, staying low means you can crawl (爬) under most of it.
What if you can't get out right away
If you can't get out fast because fire or smoke is stopping an escape route, you will want to yell for help. You can do this from an open window or call 911 if you have a phone with you. __4__ Or, firefighters will have a hard time finding you. The sooner they find you, the sooner you both can get out.
If your clothes catch fire, what should you do
Your clothes could catch fire during a fire or by accident if you step too close to a candle. If this happens, don't run! Instead, stop, drop to the ground, cover your face with your hands, and roll. This will cut off the air and put out the flames. __5__
A．An easy way to remember this is: Stop, Drop, and Roll!
B．Smoke from a fire can make it hard to see where things are.
C．Preventing fires is in the first place!
D．Know your way out.
E．They will help prepare you for what you need to do in case of a fire.
F．Even if you are scared, never hide under the bed or in a closet.
G．In a fire, smoke and poisonous (有毒的) air hurt more people than the actual flames (火焰) do.
