Unit 4 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He took a ________(扫视)at the newspaper headlines.
2．We care more about quality than ________(数量)．
3．He ________(陈述)his views on the question at the meeting.
4．Most of the students are in the 17－20 age ________(范围)．
5．We are making slow but ________(平稳的)progress.
6．The kids soon ________(吃完)all the food on the table.
7．In ________(结果)of the fire, many people became homeless.
8．You shouldn't make a ________(任意的)guess on this matter.
答案：1.glance 2.quantity 3.stated 4.range 5.steady 6.consumed 7.consequence 8.random
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．If you ________ to the product, we'll deliver it to your office.
2．Buy vegetables in small ________， for your immediate use.
3．People ________ to need less sleep as they get older.
4．Most of us are ________ to the death penalty.
5．The government needs to clearly ________ its policy on this issue.
6．Even the cheapest property was out of our price ________.
7．The man ________ nervously at his watch.
8．Paul is making ________ progress.
9．I asked a few ________ questions of Ellen as we sat there.
10．He broke the law，and now he must face the ________ of his actions.
答案：1.subscribe 2.quantities 3.tend 4.opposed 5.state 6.range 7.glanced 8.steady 9.random 10．consequences
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这种危险的事态是怎么发生的？
How did this dangerous state of affairs______ ______？
2．相比其他的网络游戏，是什么使得魔兽世界如此地成功呢？
Why do you think World of Warcraft has been such a success when________ ________other MMOs?
3．教育是万业之基， 这是毫无疑义的。
There is________ ________that education is the foundation of all.
4．如果你订阅报纸，它会直接给你送到门上的。
If you________ ________the newspaper, it'll be delivered to your door.
5．这家工厂生产大量的纸制品。
The factory________ ________a large______ ________paper products.
6．这次水灾造成相当大幅度的减产。
The flood________ ________a considerable decrease in production.
7．众多医学家和其他组织都反对克隆人。
Many medical experts and other groups are________ ________the idea of cloning humans.
8．看到你的词汇量在逐渐增长，我很高兴。
I'm very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually________ ________.
答案：1.come about 2.compared to 3.no doubt 4.subscribe to 5.turns out; quantity of 6.resulted in 7.opposed to 8.building up
Ⅳ.句型转换
1．It is certain that our team will recover from the failure.
________ ________ no doubt ________ our team will recover from the failure.
2．Not only his friends but also Mr White was invited to the party.
Mr White ________ ________ ________ his friends ________ invited to the party.
3．We depend on energy to do many things in our daily lives.
________ ________ energy ________ we depend on to do many things in our daily lives.
4．They've tried to cut down on pollution，but there's still a lot of smog in the city.
A．They've tried to cut down on pollution, but there's still ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ smog in the city.
B．They've tried to cut down on pollution, but there's still smog ________ ________ in the city.
C．They've tried to cut down on pollution, but there's still ________ ________ ________smog in the city.
D．They've tried to cut down on pollution, but there's still ________ ________ smog in the city.
5．The illness mainly resulted from eating too much bad food.
Eating too much bad food ________ ________ the illness.
6．It was so dark that he could hardly see the faces of his companions.
It was not bright ________ for him ________ ________ the faces of his companions.
答案：1.There is; that 2.as well as; was 3.It is; that 4.A.a large quantity of/a great deal of/a great amount of B．in quantity C．quantities of D．much 5.resulted in/led to 6.enough; to see
Ⅴ.完形填空
The other day I noticed a young woman, very close to my own age, walking by the store front. I __1__ she was a student at the local college, mainly because of the fact that she was __2__ her books and supplies. She stopped and looked through the window with a __3__ look on her face. The next day, around the same time, she stopped by __4__ as was the case the previous day.
I came to the café this morning, after having made a comment on how __5__ it was outside. The area experienced a sudden __6__ in temperature last night to around －3℃. It was getting close to the __7__，when I had seen the young woman before, so I __8__her. I saw her come near to the store slowly. She looked as cold as ever. She didn't __10__ long because of the weather, so I ran outside __10__ she was able to walk too far away.
I asked her to come __11__ and offered her a hot drink. She was __12__， and fairly shy about the __13__. After a short conversation, I __14__ that she was a college student and that she no longer had enough meals on her meal __15__ because she had met a college freshman who had __16__ his meal card, and she was __17__ her card to make sure he had enough to eat until his replacement came. Her generosity and __18__ returned to her as I was ready to __19__ her with a hot cup of coffee.
She asked how she could __20__ me, and I told her she already had.She was very kind and gave another stranger food to eat.
1．A.wondered B．thought
C．heard D．watched
答案：B 根据下一空后的her books及倒数第二段中的meal card等信息可推知，作者“认为”对方是一名学生。
2．A.carrying B．reading
C．cleaning D．fetching
答案：A 结合语境可知，她带着书。carry“携带”。
3．A.happy B．good
C．peaceful D．sad
答案：D 倒数第二段中提到她与一名大一新生共用自己的餐卡，所以餐卡的余额已经不多了，故她的脸上应该有几分愁容。
4．A.soon B．again
C．still D．yet
答案：B 结合语境可知，第二天，女孩“再次”来到这里。
5．A.cold B．fine
C．crowded D．busy
答案：A 根据下一句及本段中出现的cold可知，天气寒冷。
6．A.rise B． balance
C．change D．drop
答案：D 该地区气温突降。a sudden drop与该空后的－3℃相呼应。
7．A.level B．time
C．desk D．day
答案：B 该空后when引导的定语从句修饰该空处的the time，指快到女孩出现在咖啡厅前的时间了。
8．A.looked for B．called on
C．picked out D．held up
答案：A 因为快到时间了，所以作者在四处找她。look for“寻找”。
9．A.wait B．drink
C．stop D．explain
答案：C 因为寒冷，她没有“停留”很久。
10．A.after B． when
C．before D．unless
答案：C 作者在她走远前跑了出去。结合下一段中作者请女孩喝咖啡也可知，作者成功拦下了要走远的女孩。
11．A.inside B．outdoors
C．quickly D．early
答案：A 作者叫她进店里，并为她点了一杯热饮。
12．A.frightened B．angry
C．surprised D．sleepy
答案：C 面对这种情况，女孩既“惊讶”又害羞，毕竟作者对女孩来讲是陌生人。
13．A.way B．situation
C．event D．choice
答案：B 此处situation指作者邀请女孩到店里并给女孩提供饮料这一情形。
14．A.recognized B．noticed
C．observed D．learned
答案：D 在简短的谈话后，作者“了解到”她是一名大学生。learn“得知，了解到”。
15．A.card B．list
C．order D．table
答案：A 结合该空前的meal及下文中出现的meal card可知，此处填card。
16．A.found B．lost
C．bought D．painted
答案：B 结合语境可知，上文中提到的大一新生“丢”了饭卡。
17．A.selling B．sharing
C．earning D．replacing
答案：B 结合该空后的he had enough to eat并分析四个选项可知，女孩选择与丢饭卡的那名大一新生共用自己的饭卡。
18．A.kindness B．quality
C．curiosity D．faith
答案：A 该空所填词应该与该空前的generosity属于同一意义范畴，故kindness符合题意。她的慷慨、善良得到了回报。
19．A.trade B．please
C．provide D．agree
答案：C 结合本段第一句中的offered her a hot drink可知，此处指作者为女孩买了一杯热咖啡。provide“提供”，符合题意。
20．A.refuse B．award
C．receive D．repay
答案：D 陌生人请自己喝咖啡，女孩肯定会问自己应该如何报答对方。repay“偿还，报答”。
Ⅵ.阅读理解
The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It's bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic.We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
1. ________， our world is becoming much smaller.
A．Because of the rise in pollution
B．Thanks to science development
C．Because the earth is being polluted day and night
D．Because the earth is blown away by the wind every year
答案：B 细节理解题。由文章的首句我们得知：世界变小是由于“modern traffic and modern communication means(现代的交通运输工具和交流工具的使用)”，而这一切都要靠科学技术的发展，据此我们可以推出答案是B。
2. Hundreds of years ago, life was ________ it is today.
A．much easier than B．as easy as
C．much harder than D．as hard as
答案：C 推理判断题。第一段第二句告诉我们“Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago.(今天的生活比以前的容易得多)”，反过来说，以前的生活一定比今天的艰难，所以答案是C。
3. Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it.Here “it” means ________.
A．rubbish(垃圾) B．noise pollution
C．air pollution D．water pollution
答案：B 代词指代题。在众多选项中，只有选项B，noise pollution“噪音污染”是听得见的。
4. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because ________.
A．it makes much noise
B．it makes us angry more easily
C．it makes our rivers and lakes dirty
D．it's bad for all living things in the world
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第四段的第一、二句“Air pollution is still the most serious.It's bad for all living things in the world...”可以得知空气污染之所以最为严重，正如选项D(它是危害全世界生物的)所说的那样。
课件111张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修6(十二省区) Global warming Unit 4Section Ⅰ Warming-up; Pre-reading, Reading & ComprehendingUnit 4Ⅰ.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？
1．根据词性及汉语意思写出单词及其拓展形式。
(1)________(adj.)胡乱的；任意的
(2)________(vi.)趋向；易于；照顾
(vt.)照顾；护理
(3)________(n.)趋势；倾向；走向
(4)________(n.)洪水；水灾
(5)________(adj.)温和的；温柔的；淡的
(6)________(n.)种类；范围randomtendtrendfloodmildrange(7)________(vt.)消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumption(n.)消费；消耗
(8)________(vt.)反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed(adj.)反对的；对立的
(9)________(vt.)陈述；说明→________(n.)声明；陈述
(10)________(adj.)平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily(adv.)平稳地；持续地consumeopposestatestatementsteady2．短语互译
(1)________________ 发生；造成
(2)________________ 大量的
(3)________________ 上升；增长；升起
(4)________________ 导致
(5)________________ 反对……
(6)subscribe to ________________
(7)tend to ________________
(8)even if ________________
(9)keep on ________________
(10)glance at ____________________come aboutquantities ofgo upresult inbe opposed to同意；赞成；订购倾向于；有助于即使继续(粗略地)看一下；扫视Ⅱ.根据课文内容填空
How does global __1__ come about and does it matter? There is no doubt that it is human __2__ that have caused it rather __3__ a natural phenomenon. The increase in the earth's temperature is due __4__ the burning of fossil fuels, whose byproducts are called __5__ gases, which cause the “greenhouse effect”. With more and more carbon dioxide into the __6__， more heat energy tends to be __7__ in the atmosphere causing global warming up and up, we can't predict what to __8__， but it could be very __9__. And there may be a __10__ of several metres in the sea __11__ or severe storms, floods, droughts，famines, the __12__ of diseases and the disappearance of species.1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________ 11.________ 12.______
答案：1.warming 2.activities 3.than 4.to 5.greenhouse 6.atmosphere 7.trapped 8.expect 9.serious 10.rise 11.level 12.spread1.consume vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
①The factories consume a large amount of coal.
这些工厂消耗了大量的煤。
②He consumed so much chocolate that he got fat.
他吃了太多的巧克力，因此变胖了。
③We should consume most of our time in reading.
我们应该把大部分时间花在读书上。
④The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.
孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光了。知识拓展
(1)be consumed with被(某种情感)所折磨
(2)consumer n．消费者
consumption n．消费(量)；消耗(量)
time-consuming adj.耗时的巧学助记
con-(加强意义)＋sume(＝take)；take up(消耗)→consume消耗活学活用
汉译英
(1)她把大部分时间都花在读书上。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)这辆汽车很费汽油。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：(1)She consumed most of her time in reading.
(2)The car consumes a lot of fuel.2．random adj.胡乱的；任意的
①The list is arranged in a random order.
名单排列不分先后。
②I asked a few random questions of Ellen as we sat there.
当我们坐在那里的时候，我随便问了爱伦几个问题。知识拓展
at random随意地；胡乱地；任意地
He took a book at random off the shelf.
他随意从书架上拿下一本书。活学活用
补全句子
恐怖分子向人群胡乱射击。
The terrorists fired into the crowd ________ ________.
答案：at random3．subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅 vt.签署(文件)；捐助
①He didn't subscribe to our proposal.
他不同意我们的建议。
②They haven't subscribed to newspapers yet.
他们还没有订阅报纸。
③The manager subscribed his name to the document.
经理在这份文件上签了字。
④Many countries have subscribed a great deal of money to Japan.
许多国家已经向日本捐献了大量的钱。 知识拓展
subscribe to...订阅(报纸或杂志)；同意，赞同……；向……捐款
subscribe for...认购(股票)
subscription n．订阅费；订购款；订购
subscriber n．订阅人，订户，订购者
Which journal(s) do you subscribe to?
你订阅哪一种杂志？活学活用
(1)补全句子
该杂志正大力发展新订户。
The magazine is trying to get more readers ________ ________.
答案：to subscribe
(2)用适当介词填空
The company subscribe ________ the view that if you can encourage children to use your products, they will continue to use them when they are adults.
答案：to4．quantity n．量；数量
①I prefer quality to quantity.
与数量相比，我更喜欢质量。
②We were all thirsty, but there was only a small quantity of water left in the bottle.
我们都很渴，但瓶子里只剩下少量的水。知识拓展
in quantity(＝in large amounts)大量地
a large/small quantity of大(少)量地
the quantity of……的数量
①Advertisement is the very tool to upgrade the brand and also boost the merchandise in quantity.
广告是提升品牌并提高商品数量的非常手段。
②He buys things in quantities.
他总是大批量地买东西。注意：a quantity of和quantities of既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，谓语动词由quantity本身的数决定。
a)There is a large quantity of rain in this area.
b)There are large quantities of rain in this area.
这一地区雨量大。巧学助记活学活用
补全句子
政府花大量资金制止污染。
The government spent ________ ________ ________ ________money in stopping pollution.
答案：a large quantity of5．tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理
①Prices are tending upwards.
物价趋涨。
②Doctors and nurses tended the injured.
医生和护士护理受伤者。知识拓展
tend to do sth.倾向于做某事
tend to/towards sth.倾向于某事
tend(to) sb./sth.照顾……
tendency n．倾向；偏好
①When I'm tired I tend to make mistakes.
当我疲劳的时候，我容易出错。
②His new magazine has anarchic tendencies.
他的新杂志有无政府主义倾向。活学活用
补全句子
女人往往比男人长寿。
(1)Women ________ ________ live longer than men.(tend)
他的观点趋于偏激。
(2)His views ________ ________ the extreme.(tend)
答案：(1)tend to (2)tend towards6．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量
①Most of the students opposed having classes on Sundays.
大部分学生反对星期天上课。
②His employees opposed him as a result of the salaries.
因为工资问题，他的员工反抗他。
③He will oppose a young man at the conference.
他将在会上与一个年轻人较量。知识拓展
(1)oppose doing sth./sb.'s doing sth.
反对(某人)做某事(强调动作)
(2)opposed adj.反对的；对立的
be opposed to(to为介词)反对……
①We oppose settling the dispute of South China Sea by force.
我们反对武力解决南海争端。
②The father is opposed to his son's marriage.
父亲反对儿子的婚事。比较网站
oppose，object，resist
这些动词都含“反对”的意思。①The old man can't bear anyone in the family to oppose him.
这位老人决不能容忍家里有人违抗他。
②I really object to being charged for parking at the hospital.
我坚决反对医院收取停车费。
③They successfully resisted pressure from their competitors to increase prices.
他们成功地顶住了竞争对手提高价格的压力。活学活用
补全句子
(1)我反对在街上开车，因为这将会引起空气污染和噪音。
I ________ ________ in the street because it will cause air pollution and noise.
(2)我们强烈反对你在这个危险的时间出国的决定，这是不明智的决定。
We ________ ________ ________ ________ to go abroad at this time of danger. It is not a wise decision.
答案：(1)oppose driving (2)strongly oppose your decision7．consequence n．结果；后果；影响
①His illness is the consequence of overwork.
他的疾病是过度劳累的结果。
②lf you behave so foolishly, you must be ready to take the consequences.
你若如此愚蠢行事，就必须准备好承担后果。
③As a consequence of a great fire, the house was completely destroyed.
由于一场大火，这所房子完全被烧毁了。知识拓展
(1)in consequence(＝as a result)因此，结果
in consequence of(＝as a result of)由于……的缘故
(2)consequent adj.随之发生的；由……引起的
consequently adv.所以，结果比较网站
consequence，result①You must take the consequence of your carelessness.
你必须为你的粗心承担后果。
②The result was quite unexpected.
结果是意想不到的。活学活用
完成句子
(1)你工作不好，我只能解雇你。
________ ________ ________ your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.
(2)我碰上了大雨，所以迟到了。
I was caught in the heavy rain and ________ I was late.
答案：(1)In consequence of (2)consequently8．state vt.陈述，说明
①The facts are already clearly stated in the report.
报道已经对事实作了清楚的说明。
②Please state whether you are married or single.
请说明你是已婚或单身。知识拓展
(1)It is stated that...据称……。
(2)state n．状态，状况，情形；政府；州，邦
in a bad/good state处于坏的/好的状况中
statement n．陈述，声明
make a statement声明①It is stated that the service in that hotel is better than before.
据称那家旅馆的服务水平比以前好多了。
②Should industry be controlled by the state?
工业应该由国家控制吗？
③The minister at first declined to make a statement, but later she agreed.
部长起初拒绝发表声明，但后来她同意了。比较网站
state, condition, situation
这三个词都含有“情况”的意思。
(1)state强调“人、事物以及围绕人、事物的原有状态”，但不着重于“这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系”。
He is in a good state.他身体健康。(2)condition指“由于一定的原因、条件或环境所产生的特定情况”。强调原因、环境以及人、事物的关联。
His condition will not permit him to travel.
他的情况不允许他旅游。
(3)situation指“多种具体情况造成的综合状态”，常着重“这种状态的影响或和处于该状态的事物的关系”。
We are in difficult situation.我们处于困境。活学活用
补全句子
(1)妈妈健康状况不好。
Mother is ________ ________ ________ ________ of health.
(2)请说出你的姓名和地址。
________ ________ ________ and address.
答案：(1)in a poor state (2)State your name9．range n．种类；范围；界限；射程 v．(在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列
①The hotel offers a wide range of facilities and services.
这家酒店提供一系列的设施和服务。
②Cups and plates were neatly ranged on her shelves.
杯子和盘子整齐地排列在她的架子上。
③Prices range between $7 and $10.
价格在7美元到10美元之间。知识拓展
range between...and...包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物
out of one's range某人达不到
range from...to...在……和……之间变化
range over范围涉及
a wide range of temperature气温变化大
within the range of...在……范围之内
beyond the range of超越……的范围①The price of the house is well beyond our range.
这所房子的价格远远超过了我们能承受的范围。
②There will be an increase in the range of 1 to 3 percent.
将会有一到三个百分点的增长幅度。
③There were 120 students whose ages ranged from 10 to 18.
有120名学生年龄在10到18岁之间。活学活用
(1)(真题改编·湖北)这家餐厅越来越出名，因为它为各类人群提供了多元化的食物。
This restaurant has become popular for ________ ________ ________ ________ foods that suit all tastes and pockets.
(2)用恰当词语填空
Harry stayed up against the wall，________ ________ ________ of the security guards.
答案：(1)its wide range of (2)out of range10．glance vi.看一下；瞥一眼；扫视 n．一瞥
①Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.
快速浏览杂志文章并回答问题。
②He took a glance at the newspaper headlines.
他匆匆看了一眼报纸上的大标题。知识拓展
glance at匆匆瞥一眼
have/take a glance at一瞥；扫视；匆匆一看
at a glance立刻，一眨眼
at first glance乍一看
①She glanced at her watch and went out.
她匆匆看了一下表，出去了。
②I recognized Mary at first glance, even though we hadn't seen each other for 30 years.
尽管30年没见，我还是一眼认出了玛丽。比较网站①He glanced at his watch and then looked at the sky.
他看了看手表，然后又看了看天空。
②He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.
他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。
③The child gazed at the toys in the shop window.
孩子眼睛盯着商店橱窗里的玩具。
④They stood there, glaring at each other.
他们站在那，互相怒视着对方。活学活用
采用glance，glare，stare或gaze的适当形式填空
①The child ________ at the stranger up and down.
②She looked at him with an angry ________.
③He ________ at the envelope and recognized his uncle's handwriting.
④She turned to ________ admiringly at her husband.
答案：①stared ②glare ③glanced ④gaze11．steady adj.平稳的；持续的；稳固的 vt.使平稳，稳住
①He held the boat steady as she got in.
他把船稳住，让她上了船。
②The number of people is in a steady increase.
人数在持续增长。
③The little baby is not steady on his feet.
这个婴儿走路不稳当。
④The old man steadied himself against the wall.
老人靠墙站稳。知识拓展
steadily adv.稳定地；持续地
①Oil exports have risen steadily.
石油出口已稳步上升。
②He's getting better steadily.
他的病情持续好转。活学活用
用恰当词语填空
She was trembling with excitement but her voice was ______.
答案：steady1.depend on/upon 取决于；依赖；依靠；确信；相信；指望
①Success depends upon your owen efforts.
成功取决于你的努力。
②The success of the test flight depends on the weather.
试飞是否成功取决于天气。
③We can depend on his arriving here on time.
我们可以相信他会准时到来。
④You can depend on him.
你可以信赖他。知识拓展
(1)depend on/upon sb. to do/doing sth.
依靠某人做某事
depend on/upon it＋that从句 确信；相信
(2)It/That (all)depends那得看情况而定
rely on sb. to do sth.依靠某人做某事
(3)dependable abj.可靠的；可信赖的
dependence n．[U]依赖；依靠；信任
dependent adj.依靠的；从属的；取决于……的①Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。
②—How many people use each screen?
——“每个屏幕有多少人使用？”
—It/That all depends.
——“这要看情况。”活学活用
汉译英
你可以信赖我会帮助你的。(rely on)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：You may rely on me to help you.2．come about完成；造成
①If the driver had, not got drunk, the car accident wouldn't have come about.
如果司机没有喝醉，这起交通事故就不会发生了。
②As a result of carelessness, the house collapse came about last spring.
去年春天，由于疏忽大意造成了这座房子的倒塌。温馨提示
come about是不及物动词短语，不能用于被动结构中，常指情况不受人控制地突然发生。常用句型：How did it come about that...？“某事是怎么发生的？”；It come about that...“……发生了”。知识拓展
come up走近；发芽；发生；被提及；(太阳、月亮)等升起
come up with想出；提出
come across被理解；偶然遇见
come along跟着来；进步；赶快
come back回来；记起
come on开始；上场；赶快；得了吧
come out出版；说出；出现；显示①I'll let you know if anything comes up.
如果有什么事情发生，我会告诉你的。
②The question hasn't come up yet.
问题还没有被提出来。
③She came up with a good idea for increasing sales.
她提出了一个增加销售量的好主意。
④Her best qualities come out in a crisis.
她的优秀品质在危机时显示了出来。
⑤Pour some water on his face and he'll come to himself soon.
往他脸上泼些水，他很快就能苏醒过来。比较网站
come about, happen, take place, break out，occur活学活用
用“比较网站”中的词填空
(1)The 2016 Olympic Games will ________in Rio.
(2)It suddenly ________ to me that there would be a basketball match between China and South Korea the next evening.
(3)They had escaped to America shortly before war ________ in 1939.
(4)How did the quarrel ________between them?
(5)Accidents like this ________ all the time.
答案：(1)take place (2)occurred (3)broke out
(4)come about (5)happen3．go up上升；增长；长起
①The temperature in the room is going up.
室内温度在上升。
②The number of the employees is going up.
就业人数在增长。
③The curtain goes up on a suburban living room.
幕布升起，展现的是一座市郊住宅的客厅。知识拓展
(1)同义词：rise
(2)反义词：go down下降
①Air pollution has risen above the accepted level.
空气污染已经超标。
②The plane went down in flames. All the passengers died in he accident.
飞机起火坠落。所以乘客都遇难了。活学活用
补全句子
你认为房价在近年会继续上涨吗？
Do you think that housing price will keep ________ ________ in the years to come?
答案：going up4．result in导致
①The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles.
谈判结果削减了导弹数量。
②The accident resulted in three people being killed.
这一事故导致三人死亡。温馨提示
result in“导致”与lead to“导致”同义，且in与to皆为介词，两短语可互换。知识拓展
result from因……而引起；因……而导致
as a result结果；因此(作状语)
as a/the result of由于……；因为……
without result毫无结果
①Nothing has resulted from our efforts.
我们的努力没有产生什么效果。
②As a result, he had to leave his homeland.
结果，他不得不离开他的祖国。
③She was late as a result of snow.
她由于下雪而来迟了。巧学助记活学活用
用result from/in填空
驾驶员的粗心导致了这起事故。
(1)The accident ________the driver's carelessness.
(2)The driver's carelessness ________the accident.
答案：(1)resulted from (2)resulted in5．build up逐步建立；增加；增进
①Traffic is building up on roads into the city.
车辆在通往市区的道路上越聚越多。
②All the pressure built up and he was off work for weeks with stress.
各方面的压力越来越大，他因负荷太重有好几个星期没上班。知识拓展
build up one's health增进健康
build up a good reputation树立良好的声誉
build up the business扩大企业
build up a picture of...构思……；设想……
build bridges沟通活学活用
补全句子
(1)他逐步建立了自己的公司。
He has ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
(2)体育运动能增强我们的体质。
Sports and games can ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：(1)built up his own business
(2)build up our bodies6．keep on继续
①I have told him to stop but he keeps on crying.
我叫他停下来，但他还是哭个不停。
②The teacher asks us to keep on working hard.
老师要求我们继续努力学习。比较网站
keep doing/keep on doing①He caught such a bad cold that he kept coughing all the day.
他得了重感冒以致于一整天都在咳嗽。
②The teacher kept on explaining until the students understood.
老师反复解释直到学生们听懂为止。知识拓展
keep away from远离……
keep up with赶上，跟上
keep off避开，不接近
keep back(使)后退；忍住，隐瞒
keep... in mind记住
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep fit保持健康
keep to固守，坚持
keep... free from/of...使……免受(影响；伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)活学活用
用keep doing/keep on doing的适当形式填空
(1)He ________ standing in the rain for 3 hours.
(2)They ________working although they were tired.
答案：(1)kept (2)kept on1.That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.
这个数值对你我来说很可能无关紧要，但是跟其他自然变化相比较而言，这却是一种快速的增长。when compared to...是时间状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：when it is compared to...，状语从句的省略的用法：①When (she was)very young，she began to learn to play the piano.
她很小就开始学弹钢琴。
②When (he is) speaking English, he often makes mistakes.
说英语时他常出错。
③If (it is) necessary, ring me at home.
如果有必要，往我家里打电话。巧学助记
巧记状语从句的省略：
时，条，让，方，地，主语同，谓语be，二者省去不可惜，从句主语是it，省去it's也可以。活学活用
用恰当形式填空
(1)When ________(take) into the machine, the water soon changed into ice.
(2)—He won't go to celebrate his father's 60th birthday unless ________(invite)
—I can't understand.
答案：(1)taken (2)invited2．There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。
There is no/little doubt that...表示“毫无疑问；无疑”，后接两个that引导的同位语从句。在第二个that分句中含有强调句型It is...that...。注意：当doubt前有否定词修饰时，其后常接that引导的同位语从句；当doubt前无否定词修饰时，其后常接whether引导的同位语从句。此外，There is doubt后也可以接介词about/as to引导的短语。如：①There is no doubt that our team will win the match.
毫无疑问，我们队将赢得比赛。
②There is no doubt that he will succeed.
毫无疑问他会成功。
③There is some doubt (as to/about) whether Peter will come on time.
彼得是否会按时来还是个问题。
④There is little doubt that he will succeed.
他肯定会成功。知识拓展
There is no question...……是没有问题的。
There is no reason...没有理由……。
There is no need/hope/possibility that...没有必要/希望/可能……。
It's no wonder that...难怪……。
It's no good/use doing...做……没有好处/用处。活学活用
用恰当词语填空
(1)________ is no doubt ________ the amber room was lost in the World War Ⅱ.
(2)I don't doubt ________ Jane will continue to work here.
答案：(1)There；that (2)that3．Without the ‘greenhouse effect’， the earth would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.
如果没有‘温室效应’，地球温度将比现在低大约33摄氏度。
此句为虚拟语气句，without引起虚拟语气。Without the ‘greenhouse effect’＝If there were not the ‘greenhouse effect’，是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。后面的句子使用了would be表示与现在事实相反的结果。①Without water, fish wouldn't live.
没有水，鱼不能活。
②Without your help, we would have failed.
如果没有你的帮助，我们肯定会失败的。知识拓展
很多情况下表示虚拟的假设并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过上下文，利用but for，or，otherwise等介词(短语)或连词来表示，这就是所谓的含蓄虚拟语气。
But for your help, I would have failed the exam.
要不是你的帮助，我考试一定会不及格的。活学活用
用动词的恰当形式填空
He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ________________________(come) to the meeting.
答案：would have come otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have done的形式。4．Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳及其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气温仍会持续升高。
even if用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”，用法同even though。①We should practice economy even if we are rich.
即使我们富裕了也仍应该厉行节约。
②Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there.
即使一路走着去，我也得赶到那里。
③Even if I miss the meeting, what of it?
即使我不出席这次会议，那又有什么了不起呢？知识拓展
even so尽管如此；即使这样
even when即使，当……的时候
even now/then甚至到现在(或那样)；即使是这样(或那样)；尽管如此(或那样)①There are a lot of spelling mistakes; Even so, it's quite a good essay.
尽管有许多拼写错误，它们不失为一篇佳作。
②She was always optimistic, even when things were at their worst.
她即使在最糟糕的时候也总是非常乐观。
③I've shown him the photographs but even now he won't believe me.
我把照片给他看了，即使是这样他仍然不相信我。活学活用
(1)补全句子
即使他这么说，你大可不必信他。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________，you need not believe him.
(2)用恰当词语填空
—(真题改编·北京)Look at those clouds!
—Don't worry. ________ it rains, we'll still have a great time.
答案：(1)Even if he said so (2)Even ifⅠ.单词拼写
1．As a ________(结果，后果) of enjoying the paintings, Shelley wanted to become an artist.
2．The ________(曲线图) shows how house prices have risen since the 1980s.
3．The information is processed in a(n) ________(任意的) order.
4．In dealing with this new ________(现象), I have two points to make.5．Wood, coal，oil, petrol and gas are all different kinds of ________(燃料)．
6．The ________(数据) suggests you are heavy cigarette smokers.
7．There's been an upward ________(趋势) in sales in the last few years.
8．Early warnings of rising water levels prevented another major ________(大灾难)．9．The heavy rain has caused ________(洪水) in many parts of the country.
10．A(n) ________(一瞥) at my watch showed that it was nearly five and I was bored to death.
答案：1.consequence 2.graph 3.random 4.phenomenon
5．fuel(s) 6.data 7.trend 8.catastrophe 9.floods
10．glanceⅡ.介副词填空
1．How did it come ________ that he knew where we were?
2．I subscribe ________ a number of journals concerned with my subject.
3．Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go ________.
4．The reform has resulted ________ tremendous change in our country.
5．Public opinion was opposed ________the war.
6．The children's ages range________8________15.7．________ if I have to walk all the way I'll get there.
8．Keep ________ going till you come to a red brick building.
9．He has built ________ his own business.
10．The police discovered quantities ________ arms hidden in the cave.
答案：1.about 2.to 3.up 4.in 5.to 6.from；to 7.Even 8.on 9.up 10.ofⅢ.完成句子
1．Sam took the letters from Lord, ________ ________(浏览) them and read aloud.
2．Software today is too often designed to please too many users, ________ ________(导致) low user satisfaction.
3．She worked hard at her lessons and ________________________(结果), she got high marks
4．________ ________(大量的) sand were washed down the hillside by the rain.5．We tend to ________ ________(往往会犯错误) when we do things in a hurry.
6．If you ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(继续像这样吃下去)，losing weight is out of the question.
7．There are two hundred boys ________ ________ seven ________(从……到……不等) fourteen in age.
8．How did it ________ ________(发生) that he knew what we did?9．There is ________ ________ ________(毫无疑问) we will succeed in designing the project.
10．________ ________(即使) it should snow tomorrow, they will go for an outing.
答案：1.glanced through/at/over 2.resulting in/leading to
3．as a consequence/result 4.Quantities of 5.make mistakes 6.keep on eating like this 7.ranging from; to 8.come about 9.no doubt that 10.Even if/thoughUnit 4 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There is a ________(趋势)towards regional cooperation.
2．The earthquake caused ________(分布广的) damage to the country.
3．My mother is an ________(节俭的)housewife.
4．The graph shows the ________(平均的) temperature of April.
5．So far no evidence has been found to support the e________ of any living thing on the moon.
6．It is a happy marriage on the w________.
答案：1.tendency 2.widespread 3.economical 4.average
5．existence 6.whole
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．A.After talking for half an hour, the old man mentioned the name of Kunta Kinte.
B．It was after talking for half an hour __________________________________________.
2．A.I realized what trouble he was in only when he told me.
B．Only when he told me_____________________________________________he was in.
3．A.I worked in a factory in 1975.
B．It was in a factory________________________________________________________.
4．A.It was the factory. I worked there in 1975.
B．It was the factory __________________________________________________in 1975.
5．A.What made you so sad?
B．______________________________________________________that made you so sad?
6．A.I don't know why you want to change your idea.
B．I don't know _________________________________ that you want to change your idea.
7．A.I am wrong.
B．It is I___________________________________________________________________.
8．A.She didn't realize it was too late to go home until the sun set.
B．It was ________ the sun set ________ it was too late to go home.
答案：1.that the old man mentioned the name of Kunta Kinte
2．did I realize what trouble 3.that I worked in 1975
4．where I worked 5.What was it 6.why it is 7.who/that am wrong 8.not until；did she realize
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．在我们这个公司，工人的工资平均在3000元。
In our company，the workers' wage is 3000 yuan ________ ________.
2．大体上说，这是一篇好作文。
________ ________ ________，this is a good composition.
3．自从三个月前到现在，我国的西南部大面积持续干旱。
________ ________ ________ has kept on since three months ago.
4．宇航员能够看到外太空里数百万的星星。
The astronauts could see millions of stars ________ ________ ________ at night.
5．我们已经意识到恐龙的存在。
We have realized ________ ________ ________ dinosaurs.
答案：1.on average 2.On the whole 3.A widespread drought 4.in outer space 5.the existence of
Ⅳ.完型填空
I have been blessed with the opportunity in my life. It took the near－death experience of my dad to make me realize that my purpose in life is to __1__ others. My dad suffered from leukemia(白血病) in 1998. __2__ the pain and treatment that he endured(忍受) inspired me to be a more kind and __3__ person. I realized life is just too __4__ and it was time for me to make some __5__—do the things in life that I wanted to do without making __6__ why I couldn't do them.
My dad __7__ a bone marrow transplant (骨髓移植) operation，and after that he was able to __8__ his own “cleaned” marrow，so a donor(捐献者) was not needed. That was excellent __9__ as donors that are a match are __10__ to come by. That __11__ me to become a bone marrow donor and hopefully help someone else one day. I also __12__ money for the cancer patients. Yet, I was not __13__ with just that. I had to do more. I __14__ blood every other month and seek opportunities to do other acts of kindness daily. The __15__， some days, presents itself very __16__ and some days I have to seek it out. Either way，it comes.
I would like to __17__one of my favorite quotes with you all：
“In an average lifetime, a person __18__ about sixty-five thousand miles. That's two and half times around the world.I wonder __19__ your steps will take you. I wonder how you'll use the rest of the __20__ you're given.”
I want to use my miles to create footprints of love in this world.
文章大意：人的一生平均要走65000英里，你的步伐将把你带向哪里？你将如何走完你剩余的人生旅程？本文作者用自己的所作所为很好地回答了这一问题。
1．A.advise B．ask
C．help D．understand
答案：C 从下文作者所做的帮助别人的善举可推知，help在此符合语境。
2．A.Suffering B．Watching
C．Discovering D．Bringing
答案：B 作者的父亲患上了白血病，看着(watch)父亲所遭受的痛苦，激励着作者做一个更善良、更有爱心的人。
3．A.patient B．independent
C．giving D．receiving
答案：C 从下文作者所做的一系列事情可推知，他要作一个能对别人有所奉献的人，能给予别人帮助和关爱的人，故选C项。
4．A.short B．wonderful
C．dangerous D．boring
答案：A 从父亲生病这件事上，作者明白了人的生命是多么短暂(short)易逝，从空格后的“...it was time for me to make some __5__”也可推知，这里用short符合语境。
5．A.money B．progress
C．experiments D．changes
答案：D 于是作者想要做一些改变(changes)，做一些以前没做过的事情。
6．A.efforts B．promises
C．excuses D．plans
答案：C 句意为“去做一些我一直想做的事而不去为自己找理由(excuses)推辞不做”。
7．A.refused B．had
C．learned D．stopped
答案：B 从下一句话“...and after that he was able to...”可推知，父亲接受了这次手术。
8．A.reuse B．transplant
C．make D．find
答案：A 从本空后“his own cleaned marrow，so a donor was not needed.”可推知，父亲不需要接受别人捐献骨髓，在这次手术后，他可以重新使用(reuse)自己的骨髓。
9．A.expression B．knowledge
C．news D．sense
答案：C 这对于作者来说是一个再好不过的消息(news)了。
10．A.cheap B．expensive
C．hopeful D．hard
答案：D 句意为“匹配的骨髓捐献者很难(hard)找到”。
11．A.forced B．inspired
C．allowed D．expected
答案：B 这件事情激励(inspire)作者要做一个骨髓捐献者。
12．A.raised B．kept
C．paid D．hid
答案：A 作者还通过各种活动为癌症患者筹(raise)钱。
13．A.casual B．strict
C．bored D．satisfied
答案：D 从下文“I had to do more.”可推知，作者对于以上所做的并不感到满足(satisfied)。
14．A.check B．test
C．donate D．sell
答案：C 从语境可知，作者要做一个乐善好施的人，由此推知此处意为“捐献”，故选C项。
15．A.luck B．health
C．trouble D．opportunity
答案：D
16．A.secretly B．clearly
C．peacefully D．wildly
答案：B 上句中opportunities有提示，句意为“有时候，让我帮助别人的机会(opportunity)自己就来了，有时候我还得自己寻找帮助人的机会”。
17．A.share B．divide
C．record D．repeat
答案：A 作者想与所有人共同分享(share)一句他最喜欢的名言。
18．A.conveys B．owns
C．measures D．walks
答案：D 从下文“I wonder __19__ your steps will take you。”可推知，D项符合语境。
19．A.where B．why
C．when D．if
答案：A 句意为“我们不知道你的脚步会把你带向哪里(where)”。
20．A.materials B．miles
C．world D．wealth
答案：B 从上文“...a person __18__ about sixty-five thousand miles.”可知此处用miles。句意为“我想知道你将如何利用上天所赠给你的剩余的人生之路”。
Ⅴ.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Michael Jackson was a huge success, but he was also a very troubled man. __1__ He had many operations to change his face.
__2__ Jackson bought a huge property in California which he called “Neverland” after the children's story of Peter Pan. He had amusement park rides, a zoo and a large movie theater built for his home. Michael Jackson also went into major debt. And he suffered from injuries and illness that reportedly led him to take many kinds of painkilling medicines.
During this time, Michael Jackson kept recording and performing music.His later albums include “Dangerous”， “History” and “Invincible”．
__3__ He later married a nurse named Deborah Rowe. They had two children, Michael Joseph Jackson and Paris Michael Katherine Jackson. The couple divorced in nineteen ninety-nine. Mister Jackson later had a third child, Prince Michael Jackson.
After his two thousand five trial，the singer spent much of his time in Europe and the Middle East. __4__ Michael Jackson died of heart failure on June twenty-fifth, two thousand nine. He was just days away from launching a series of fifty concerts in London.
__5__ Prisoners in a jail in the Philippines danced for him. Fans in Paris, France attended a service at the city's ancient religious center in his honor. Famous performers around the world told about the influence he had on their work.
A．He was the lead singer and danced with great energy.
B．He acted and spoke in a childlike way.
C．He returned to the United States with the aim of planning what was to be a victorious comeback.
D．He recorded it with many other famous performers.
E．His behavior and appearance became increasingly strange.
F．Fans around the world mourned his death.
G．Michael Jackson was briefly married to Lisa Marie Presley.
答案：1～5 EBGCF
Ⅵ.阅读理解
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
【全国新课标卷题型】
There once lived a boy named Woo Sing, __1__ father brought home a mirror. Woo Sing had never seen one before. So when he saw it for the first time, he didn't understand __2__ it was, but thought he saw __3__ boy, which made him very happy, for he thought the boy had come to play with him. He spoke to the stranger in a very friendly way, but received no reply. He laughed and waved at the boy, who did exactly __4__ same thing. Then he thought, “I'll go closer. It may be that he doesn't hear me”. But when he began to walk, the other boy imitated(模仿)him. Woo Sing stopped __5__ (think) about these strange actions, saying to himself, “This boy is fooling me. He does everything that I do.” and the more he thought about it, the __6__ (angry) he became and soon he noticed the boy became angry too. So Woo Sing __7__ (strike) the boy in the glass, but he only hurt his own hand and went __8__ (cry) to his father, who said, “The boy you saw was __9__ image. This should teach you an important lesson, my son. You should never show your anger to others. Now remember that in real life when you strike __10__ cause you'll hurt yourself most of all.”
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.whose 2.What 3.another/a 4.the 5.to think
6．angrier 7.struck 8.crying 9.your 10.without
【辽宁卷题型】
A：Hello! How are you?
B：Not too__1__！ I'm just to the doctor. I haven't been feeling too weak over the last few days.
A：What have you got? A cough? A cold?
B：That's the__2__(fun) thing. I don't know what's wrong__3__me. I just feel__4__(exhaust).
A：Perhaps you've been working too hard. You do have__5__high-pressure job.
B：Maybe. I haven't been able to keep my food down__6__. That's unusual.
A：Well. I'm sure the doctor will be able to prescribe something__7__make you well again. Dr. Jameson is very good.
B：Yes, he is. I've make an__8__(appoint) for 10 o'clock, so I'd better move along.
A：OK. Hope you feel__9__(good) soon. You should take__10__easy. I'm sure the doctor will prescribe rest, you know.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.well 2.funny 3.with 4.exhausted 5.a 6.either 7.to 8.appointment 7.better 10.it
课件61张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修6(十二省区) Global warming Unit 4Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Unit 4Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．________(n.)倾向；趋势→________(vi.)&(vt.)趋向。
2．________(adj.)分布广的；普遍的
3．________(adj.)平均的
4．________(n.)生存；存在→________(vt.)存在；生存，生活
5．________(adj.)外部的；外面的tendencytendwidespreadaverageexistenceexistouterⅡ.短语互译
1．重视，强调 ___________________
2．有做某事的倾向 ___________________
3．产生；成立 ________________
4．平均 ________________
5．大体上；基本上 ________________ put/place emphasis onhave a tendency to do sth.come into existenceon the/an averageon the whole1．Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith in New Zealand.
__________________________________________________
2．Mark Twain spent much of his childhood along the Missis-sippi River.
__________________________________________________
3．Because he was seriously ill, he didn't come to school yesterday.
__________________________________________________4．Not who is right but what is right is of importance.
__________________________________________________
5．I didn't find we had a lot in common until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks.
__________________________________________________答案：1.It was in New Zealand that Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
2．It was along the Mississippi River that Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.
3．It was because he was seriously ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.
4．It is not who is right but what is right that is of importance.
5．It was not until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common.1.tendency n．倾向；趋势
①He has a tendency to forget things.
他有健忘的倾向。
②Prices continue to show an upward tendency.
物价呈继续上涨的趋势。知识拓展
have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向
You will have a tendency to grow fat.
你有发胖的倾向。活学活用
补全句子
我紧张时总爱唠叨。
I ________ ________ ________ ________ talk too much when I'm nervous.
答案：have a tendency to2．average adj.平均的；普通的 n．平均数
①The average of 4,8 and 60 is 24.
4、8和60的平均数是24。
②What is the average rainfall for August in your country?
你们国家八月份的平均降雨量是多少？
③It was an average piece of work.
那是一件普通的产品。知识拓展
on(the) average平均
above/below average高于/低于平均水平
average out平均数为
①On the average, there are 300 tourists a week.
每星期平均有300个游客。
②His reading ability is below the average.
他的阅读能力低于一般水准。
③His performance is above the average.
他的成绩在一般水平之上。比较网站
average，common, ordinary, general, normal与usual①Colds are common in winter.
感冒在冬天很常见。
②His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk.
他平常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。
③This book is intended for the general reader，not for the specialist.
这本书是为一般读者写的，不是为专家写的。
④Her temperature is normal.
她的体温正常。
⑤He came home later than usual.
他回家比平时晚了些。活学活用
补全句子
(真题改编·天津)他是一个好学生，大部分科目得分都在平均水平以上。
He was a good student and scored ________ ________ in most subjects.
答案：above overage3．existence n．生存；存在
①Pollution poses a threat to the existence of this species.
污染对这一物种的生存造成了威胁。
②According to some philosopher, everything in existence is reasonable.
某位哲学家认为，任何存在的事物都是合理的。知识拓展
(1)come into existence产生，成立
bring... into existence使……产生，成立
in existence现存的
(2)exist v．存在；实际上有
exist on靠……生存
existing adj.现行的，目前的
existent adj.现有的活学活用
补全句子
没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候形成的。
No one knows when such a custom ________ ________ ________.
答案：came into beingon the whole大体上；基本上
①My opinion is on the whole the same as yours.
我的意见大体上和你的相同。
②On the whole, the tone was right.
调子基本上是正确的。比较网站
on the whole和as a whole①Our party is on the whole successful.
我们的聚会总的来说是成功的。
②The rule does not only apply to seniors, but to the school as a whole.
该规则不仅用于毕业班，而且全校都适用。活学活用
选择on the whole或as a whole填空
(1)A healthy economy is in the best interests of society ________ ________ ________.
(2)________ ________ ________ we're happy living here, but it is a long way away from my parents' home.
答案：(1)as a whole (2)On the wholeLow-lying countries feel their very existence is in danger from rising sea levels.
一些地势较低的国家由于海水的上涨而感到它们已陷入被海水淹没的危险之中。
[1]
low-lying在句中的意思是“位置低的”。这是一个复合形容词，由“形容词＋现在分词”构成。如：
good-looking好看的；easy-going随和的知识拓展
复合形容词有以下几种构成方法：
(1)形容词＋形容词/分词/名词＋-ed/名词
dark-blue深蓝的
bright-shining明亮的
first-class一流的
kind-hearted好心的(2)名词＋形容词/分词/名词＋-ed
snow-white雪白的
man-made人造的
time-consuming费时的
stone-hearted铁石心肠的
(3)副词＋分词/形容词/名词
hard-working勤劳的
well-known著名的
all-round全面的
off-campus校园外的[2]
in danger是介词短语，意为“在危险中”。如：
He told me that the girl was in danger, so we went to help her.
他告诉我那个女孩处境危险，因此我们去帮她。知识拓展
(be) out of danger脱险(脱离险境)
(be) in danger of处于……危险之中温馨提示
“in＋n.”表示“在……(情况、状态)中”。
in debt欠债
in trouble 陷入困境
in order 井井有条
in public 当众；公开
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
in sight 看见
in silence 沉默着
in a mess 乱七八糟，陷入窘境活学活用
补全句子
吉尔伯特似乎有失去生命的危险，但幸运的是，他最终脱离了危险。
It appeared that Gilbert was ________ ________ ________ losing his life, but luckily he was ________ ________ ________ in the end.
答案：in danger of; out of danger1．it用于构成强调句式
要强调一个句子中除谓语以外的句子成分(如主语、宾语、表语、状语等)。可以使用“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”这一句式。如：
Leo began to teach us English two years ago.
?It was Leo who/that began to teach us English two years ago.(强调主语)
?It was English that Leo began to teach us two years ago.(强调宾语)
?It was two years ago that Leo began to teach us English.(强调时间状语)注意：
(1)强调句子的主语
句子的主语结构设置复杂，有接不定式作定语的，有接定语从句作定语的，还有使用主语从句、并列结构或同位语结构的，这些会干扰学生的解题思路，但只要抓住了句子的主干，问题也就迎刃而解了。如：
It was what he did that made his parents upset.
It is the ability to do the job not where you come from or what you are that matters.
It is not where someone comes from and what a person looks like that is important but what he grows up to be.说明：强调某人时，可以用who代替that，that(who)后面的谓语动词要和被强调部分的主语部分在语法上保持一致。如：
It is I who am responsible for this case.(2)强调句子中的时间、地点、方式等状语
这些状语可以是状语从句，介词短语或介词短语中的名词后再接定语从句等。如：
It was because it was raining hard that I was late for school.
It was not until I arrived there that I began to know something about the matter.
It was in the very house that was built with stones that he spent his childhood.(3)强调句的一般疑问句式和特殊疑问句式
一般疑问句式：Is/was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？如：
Was it Leo that/who began to teach you English two years ago?
Is it in your school that the famous professor will make a speech?特殊疑问句式：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？
Who was it that began to teach you English two years ago?
What subject was it that Leo began to teach you two years ago?
When was it that Leo began to teach you English?
Where is it that the famous professor will make a speech?说明：上述疑问句式可以用作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。如：
I just wonder whether it was Leo that/who began to teach you English two years ago.
The question is who it was that began to teach you English two years ago.
I don't know what subject it was that Leo began to teach you two years ago.
I haven't the slightest idea when it was that Leo began to teach you English.2．not...until...句型的强调句式
句型为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分
普通句式：The little boy didn't go to bed until/till his mother came back.
强调句式：It was not until his mother came back that the little boy went to bed.
说明：此句型只能使用until，不能用till。如果不使用强调句式，till与until一般可通用；因为“It is/was not...”已经是否定句了，that后面的部分要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。3．it引起的关于时间的容易混淆的句型
(1)It＋is/has been/was＋一段时间＋since从句
该句型常译为“自从……以来已经一段时间了”。若since引导的从句使用一般过去式，主句中的时态要使用一般现在时或现在完成时；如果从句使用过去完成时态，主句中则使用一般过去时(was)；此时，从句中的谓语动词要使用非延续性动词。如：It is many years since he left his hometown.
他离开家乡许多年了。
It has been three years since I began to stay in Beijing.
我在北京已经待了三年了。
比较：It has been three years since I stayed in Beijing.
我离开北京已经三年了。(2)It＋was/will be＋一段时间＋before从句
该句型中的时间常为long，a long time，years，months，weeks，days，hours，minutes等时间段。如果主句中的谓语动词使用肯定式，常译为“过了一段时间才……/要过一段时间才能……”；若使用否定式，常译为“没过一段时间就……/用不了一段时间就会……”或“不久就……/不久就会……”。主句的时态可以使用过去时was或将来时will be，用is时，before从句常使用一般现在时表示将来。如：It was long before the police arrived.
过了很久警察才来。
It was not long before she learned those poems by heart.
没过多久她就记住了那些诗歌。
It will be three days before he makes a decision.
要过三天他才能作出决定。
It will not be hours before we meet again.
要不了几个小时我们就会再见面的。(3)It＋is/was＋time＋that从句
该句型常译为“(正)是……的时候了”，可与It's time for sb. to do sth.进行转换，属于虚拟语气结构。不管主句中使用is还是was(多用is)，that从句都必须使用动词的过去式或“should＋动词原形”，time前可用about或high修饰，以加强语气。如：
It is time (that) we handed in our exercises.
It is high time that we should get started.(4)It＋is/was＋the first/second/...time＋that从句
该句型常译为“这是第一次/第二次/……做……”。主句中的it可以替换为this或that。如果主句使用一般现在时is，从句要使用现在完成时；如果主句使用一般过去时was，从句则使用过去完成时。如：
This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.高考链接
1．(真题改编·天津)It was not until near the end of the letter________ she mentioned her own plan.
答案：that 本题考查强调句。题意：直到接近信的末尾她才提到了她自己的计划。It is/ was not until that-clause是not until的强调句句式，故填that。2．(真题改编·重庆)It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
答案：that 本题考查强调句。题意：是在当地导游的帮助下登山者被救的。分析结构可知，此处是强调句，强调的是句子的状语with the help of the local guide；由强调句的基本句子结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that(强调人可以用who)＋其他”可知应填that。判断正误，改正错句。
1．Why! I have nothing to confess.What it is that you want me to say?
_________________________________________________
2．It was a white man that the black men were speaking.
_________________________________________________
3．It was on the coast where lots of people disappeared.
_________________________________________________4．It was the school where I taught for ten years after I graduated from university.
_________________________________________________
5．It was a sad thing that they also caught women and children.
__________________________________________________
6．It was not until you told me just now did I know the answer.
__________________________________________________7．Not until you told me just now did I know the answer.
__________________________________________________
8．We do do a lot of work every clay?
__________________________________________________
9．That we need is more time.
__________________________________________________
10．As a matter of fact，that is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
__________________________________________________答案：1.× it is→is it 2.× speaking→speaking to
3．× where→that 4.√ 5.√ 6.× did I know→that I know 7.√ 8.√ 9.× That→What 10.× that→itⅠ.单词拼写
1．There is a ________(倾向) of wearing long hair.
2．The news caused ________(广泛分布) concern in the society.
3．I spend 100 yuan on dinners each month on ________(平均)．
4．This is the oldest temple in ________(存在)．
5．He is running along the ________(外面) edge of the track.
答案：1.tendency 2.widespread 3.average 4.existence
5．outerⅡ.判断下列句子是否是强调句型，并做出正确选择
1．(1)It was ten o'clock ________ he came back.( )
(2)It was at ten o'clock ________ he came back.( )
(3)It has been ten days ________ I saw him last time.( )
A．that B．when
C．since D．which2．(1)It is on the farm ________ we practise flying kites.( )
(2)It is the farm ________ we practise flying kites.( )
A．that B．where
C．there D．here3．(1)It was three years ________ he came back from abroad.( )
(2)It was three years ago ________ he went abroad for further study.
A．that B．when
C．since D．before答案：
1．(1)B 否 (2)A 是 (3)C 否
解析：(1)是一个时间状语从句；(2)是对时间状语进行强调的强调句；(3)是since引导的时间状语从句。题意：自从我上次见到他以来已经10天了。
2．(1)A 是 (2)B 否
解析：(1)是强调地点状语的强调句；(2)是由where引导的修饰farm的定语从句。3．(1)D 否 (2)A 是
解析：(1)是before引导的时间状语从句。题意：三年后他才从国外回来；(2)是强调时间状语的强调句。
本题中凡是强调句，去掉It is/was...that仍完整。Unit 4 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He ________(提倡) reducing military spending.
2．In no c________can you leave your position. That is you must stick to your position.
3．He felt quite r________ after a glass of tea, so he went on writing his book.
4．His ________(漫不经心的) manner annoyed his girlfriend.
5．The students in this class range from 8 to 15. But the a________age is 10.
6．The ________(数据) we have collected are not enough to be convincing.
7．Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for his c________to Quantum Theory.
8．You can cook using a m________ instead of using gas. It is more convenient.
9．There are some d________ whether the disease is curable.
10．You can ask him to help you repair the radio，for he is an e________ engineer.
答案：1.advocated 2.circumstances 3.refreshed 4.casual 5.average 6.data 7.contributions 8.microwave 9.disagreements 10.electrical
Ⅱ.短语填空
on the whole； on behalf of； put up with； as long as； carry out； if not； on average； come into existence； under no circumstances； contribute to
1．The school ________________ a new policy on the cell phone.
2．Various factors ________________ his downfall.
3．We can overcome any difficulties ________________ we are closely united.
4．You'd better get up early. ________________，you'll be late for school.
5．The company ________________ 20 years ago.
6．________________ the class I would like to thank you all.
7．________________， a powerful earthquake occurs less than once every two years.
8．My opinion is ________________ the same as yours.
9．I won't ________________ her rudeness any longer!
10．________________ should you lend him any money.
答案：1.carried out 2.contributed to 3.as long as 4.If not 5.came into existence 6.On behalf of 7.On average 8．on the whole 9.put up with 10.Under no circumstances
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．他主张在遥远的山村建立更多的医院。
He ________ ________ ________ more hospitals in the faraway villages.
2．在长时间的散步后，一个小时的睡觉使我恢复了精神。
An hour's sleep ________ ________ after a long walk.
3．我母亲不能前来，我代表她向你们致谢。
My mother could not be here, but I want to thank you ________ ________ ________.
4．我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他不讲礼貌的。
I don't know how his parents ________ ________ ________ his bad manners.
5．只要你说实话，我会尽力帮助你。
________ ________ ________ you tell me the truth, I'll try to help you.
6．你绝不可以离开你的岗位。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________your position.
7．如果你那样做，影响就大了。
If you do so it will ________ ________ ________ ________.
8．这个班的学生平均年龄是15岁。
________ ________ ________ ________ the students in this class is 15.
答案：1.advocated setting up 2.refreshed me 3.on her behalf 4.put up with 5.As long as 6.Under no circumstances must you leave 7.make a great difference 8.The average age of
Ⅳ.完型填空
It was at a concert that I happened to find David.He was holding his head at a strange __1__ as if he were staring down at something. Then the truth struck me. He was blind.The last thing he remembers __2__ was his daughter being born. Then the world went __3__.
Bad luck is no stranger to this 44-year-old man.His mother died of cancer, and his weak father had to __4__ 11-year-old David to the care of the state.
Things seemed always to go from bad to __5__. Two years ago，his beloved guide dog pulled him out of the __6__ of a truck. David was not hurt. The dog __7__ .
But David does not feel sorry for himself. “These are just little obstacles (障碍) you have to __8__ in your life，”he said.
He has to make a daily two-hour trip to his working place—the X-ray department of an __9__ room.
It was a hard job to __10__. Before he got it, David was determined to escape the workshop run by the Lighthouse，an organization __11__ to help blind people. He wanted a job of developing X－ray film, something __12__，not just he，must do in the dark, including people with __13__ eyesight.The Lighthouse called many hospitals, with no result, __14__ they offered to pay his first three months' salary.
David works alone in a dark room that __15__ of chemicals. He cannot wear gloves. __16__， he could not feel. Since this is an emergency room，lives can be put __17__ or out of danger. His directress says she trusts him 100 percent.
He makes $ 20,000 a year. But his motivation goes __18__ money. “By working，I can actualize my own __19__. That's the most important ！”he said.
What a shining example for us to __20__！
1．A.ankle B．direction
C．angle D．altitude
答案：C 根据上下文内容及逻辑可知戴维抬着头，以一个奇怪的角度来看事物，所以用angle。at a．..angle“以……角度”。
2．A.doing B．feeling
C．seeing D．hearing
答案：C 根据上文可知，戴维是个盲人，以及“Then the world went...”可以推测，戴维记得他看到的最后一件事情就是他女儿的出生。
3．A.blank B．colorful
C．empty D．silent
答案：A 戴维后来眼睛失明了，所以对他来说世界就变成了一片空白。
4．A.bring up B．bring in
C．give up D．give in
答案：C 戴维的父亲无力抚养他，所以把他交给国家抚养。give up...to...“把……交给……”。
5．A.worse B．good
C．better D．mad
答案：A 由上下文内容可知，戴维的境况一直不好。所以用from bad to worse表示“每况愈下”。
6．A.bottom B．path
C．front D．back
答案：B 戴维的导盲犬把他从卡车的车道上拉了出来。
7．A.killed B．sacrificed
C．died D．injured
答案：C 戴维得救了，他的导盲犬却死了。A项表示“杀死”，B项表示“牺牲”，D项表示“受伤”。以上三项均为及物动词，应用被动语态。
8．A.seek B．overcome
C．surround D．search
答案：B overcome obstacles“克服障碍”。
9．A.upstairs B．emergency
C．information D．underground
答案：B 由第17空所在的句子内容可知，戴维在医院急诊室的放射科工作。
10．A.deal with B．get through
C．take up D．come by
答案：D 由本段中戴维和灯塔机构所做的努力可知这份工作来之不易，故应选come by，表示“设法得到”。
11．A.intended B．aimed
C．offered D．devoted
答案：A 灯塔机构的目的是帮助盲人。be intended to do sth.“为……打算(设计)的”。
12．A.everyone B．nobody
C．someone D．none
答案：A 不光是他，包括视力正常的人，每个做这项工作的人都必须在黑暗中工作，故应用everyone表示“每个人”。
13．A.common B．poor
C．normal D．actual
答案：C normal eyesight“正常视力”。
14．A.because B．if
C．in case D．even though
答案：D 即使灯塔机构为戴维付头三个月的工资，许多医院也不愿接受他。even though“尽管，即使”。
15．A.consists B．smells
C．allows D．fills
答案：B 根据下文的“...this is an emergency room...”以及常识可知，这个房间里能闻到药味。smell(of sth.)“有(或发出)……的味道”。
16．A.However B．Unfortunately
C．otherwise D．Besides
答案：C 他不能戴手套，否则他就不能感知(事物)了。otherwise“否则”。
17．A.at risk B．in brief
C．up with D．in charge
答案：A 根据语境可知此处应选at risk“处于危险中”；与out of danger“脱离危险”相对应。
18．A.into B．beyond
C．onto D．below
答案：B 根据下一句他说的话可知，他的动机超越了(挣)钱。
19．A.blindness B．income
C．value D．experience
答案：C 通过工作，戴维可以实现他自身的价值。actualize one's own value“实现自身的价值”。
20．A.set B．take
C．hold D．follow
答案：D follow...example“以……为榜样”。
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A cow that burps (打嗝) less is being bred(培育) by Canadian scientists in an attempt to reduce the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming.
Cows are responsible for nearly three quarters of total methane emissions(甲烷排放). Most of the gas comes from cow burps which are 20 times more harmful than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas.
Stephen Moore，a professor at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada, is examining the genes responsible for methane produced from a cow's four stomachs in order to breed cows.
Mr Moore, professor of agricultural, food and nutritional science，has recently published a study in the Journal of Animal Science. He has completed primary tests to breed animals that produce 25 percent less methane.
However, more work needs to be done before the longterm effect is known.
He said, “We are looking at the next generation of technologies that will enable us to determine the genetics of an animal through a blood test or testing some hairs that you might get from the animal.”
One way of having cows produce less methane is to grow them faster, thus shortening the period between them standing in a field and getting to market.
Another method already being used to reduce methane emissions is feeding cattle a diet higher in energy，which ferments (发酵) less than grass or low－quality feed. For example, Stonyfield Farm in New Hampshire，one of the largest yogurt producers in the US, reduced emissions from their cows by 12 percent by adding alfalfa(紫花苜蓿) to cattle feed on a small number of its farms.
“If every US dairy farmer reduced emissions by 12 percent it would be equal to about half a million cars being taken off the road，” said Nancy Hirshberg vice president of Stonyfield's natural resources department.
文章大意：牛打嗝会导致全球变暖。为了减少温室气体的排放，加拿大的科学家正在培育一种不太爱打嗝的牛。
1．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．carbon dioxide is more harmful than methane
B．global warming is partially caused by cow burps
C．cows should not be blamed for methane emissions
D．methane can be used to slow down global warming
答案：B 推理判断题。根据前两段可知，牛打嗝会产生甲烷，而甲烷是比二氧化碳严重20倍的温室气体，所以牛打嗝是全球变暖的部分原因。
2．Which of the following is TRUE about Moore's study?
A．The new type of cow will eat less.
B．The study aims to find out why the growth of cows is slow.
C．The study is based on genetic technology.
D．The new cow will come onto the market soon.
答案：C 细节推理题。根据第三段“...is examining the genes responsible for methane...”可知穆尔的研究是以基因技术为基础的。
3．How did Stonyfield Farm reduce methane emissions?
A．By feeding high－quality food to their cows.
B．By making their cows grow faster.
C．By determining the genes of the cows.
D．By having their cows eat more grass.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“...feeding cattle a diet higher in energy，which ferments(发酵)less than grass or low-quality feed.”及“...by adding alfalfa(紫花苜蓿) to cattle...”可知，石原农场减少甲烷排放是通过给牛吃优质的饲料实现的。
4．In the last paragraph, Hirshberg seems to imply that ________.
A．the US cattle produce most methane emissions
B．automobile emissions are hard to reduce
C．it is vital to reduce methane emissions
D．it is hard to raise environmental awareness
答案：C 推理判断题。赫什伯格所说的意思是：假如美国每个农场主都减少12%的气体排放，其效果就相当于从公路上拿掉大约50万辆汽车。从而说明减少甲烷排放的重要性。
Ⅵ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限1词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last Sunday, I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park. The park was full of freshness and beautiful of spring, with the sun shining and birds sing. When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around, something unpleasant caught their eyes. A young couple in a boat was eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. Which is worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake, total ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby. What shame!
Such behavior leaves me deep in thought. If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did so, the lake will be severely polluted or soon turned into a huge dustbin.
答案：
Last Sunday, I went sightseeing with my friends in the Fairy Lake Park. The park was full of freshness and of spring, with the sun shining and birds . When I was enjoying the fantastic scenery around, something unpleasant caught eyes. A young couple in a boat eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. is worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake, ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby. What shame!
Such behavior me deep in thought. If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did , the lake will be severely polluted soon turned into a huge dustbin.
课件83张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修6(十二省区) Global warmingUnit 4Section Ⅲ Using Language Unit 4Ⅰ.下面是本部分的重点词汇，你能准确填出内容吗？
1．根据首字母及英文释义写出下列单词。
(1)a________ having qualities that are typical of most people or things; neither very good nor very bad
(2)w________ existing or happening over a large area or among many people
(3)c________ a promise to do sth. or to behave in a particular wayverageidespreadommitment(4)c________ the conditions and facts that are connected with and affect a situation, an event or an action
(5)a________ publicly support a particular policy or ways of doing thingsircumstancedvocate2．根据词性和汉语意思写出下列单词的拓展形式
(1)tendency(n.)倾向；趋势→________(vi.)趋向；易于
(2)existence(n.)生存；存在→________(vi.)生存，存在
(3)pollution(n.)污染；弄脏→________(vt.)污染；弄脏
(4)________(n.)增长；生长→grow(vi.)生长，增长
(5)electrical(adj.)电的；与电有关的→________(n.)电；电学
(6)educator(n.)教育工作者；教育家→________(vt.)教育tendexistpollutegrowthelectricityeducate(7)___________(n.)贡献→contribute(vt.)贡献；捐献
(8)presentation(n.)显示；演出→________(vt.)呈献
(9)____________(n.)分歧，不一致→disagree(vi.)有分歧，不一致
(10)casual(adj.)随便的；偶然的→________(adv.)随便地；偶然地contributionpresentdisagreementcasuallyⅢ.预读理解
1．What can we do about global warming in our house according to Earth Care?
A．Do not use any electrical appliance.
B．Never watch TV.
C．Try to save as much electricity as possible.
D．Ride a bike instead of using a car.2．According to Earth Care, after drinking a cola, we should ________.
A．throw the can away
B．buy another one
C．start working as soon as possible
D．keep the can for recycling3．What can we do by simply using our mouth?
A．Persuade our parents to buy energy-saving products.
B．Pass the knowledge of global warming to other people.
C．Plant trees in our garden of school.
D．Both A&B.
4．From the first letter we know Ouyang Guang is most probably a ________.
A．school teacher B．schoolboy
C．young parent D．newspaper boy5．What are the purposes of the two letters?
A．To discuss the cause of global warming.
B．To ask and give advice on what to do about global warming.
C．To call on people to fight against global warming.
D．To say “hello” to each other.
答案：1～5 CDDBB1.advocate n．vt.拥护；提倡；主张 n．[C]提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者
①The public advocated passing the law.
公众支持通过这条法律。
②The group doesn't advocate the use of violence.
该团体不主张使用暴力。
③He is an advocate of more airplanes and fewer warships.
他是一个提倡多造飞机、少造军舰的人。知识拓展
advocate sth./doing sth.提倡做某事
advocate that sb.(should) do sth.提倡某人做某事；宾语从句需要用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可省略。
①I don't advocate building large factories.
我不主张建造大工厂。
②The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.
该报告主张所有的建筑物都应该安装烟火探测器。活学活用
补全句子
(1)许多人主张增设医院。
Many people ________ ________ more hospitals.
(2)有时她主张我应该存钱。
Sometimes she would advocate that I ________ some of the money.
答案：(1)advocate building (2)(should) save2．commitment n．承诺；交托；信奉
①If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment.
如果你对我们的关系很认真，你就应该给个承诺。
②The government will continue to honour its commitment to pensioners.
政府将一如既往地向领取养老金的人兑现承诺。知识拓展
(1)commitment to...对……的拥护
honour/fulfil/meet a commitment兑现承诺
make a commitment (to do sth.)做出承诺(做……)
(2)commit vt.使同意；使承诺；
vi.同意，承诺
commit a crime犯罪
commit suicide自杀
commit to (doing) sth.承诺(做)……，答应(做)……
commit sb to (doing) sth.使某人承诺做……；使某人答应(做)……①I felt I did not have to make such a commitment to them.
我觉得我没有必要对他们作出那样的承诺。
②I do not want to commit to any particular date.
我不想定下具体的日期。
③She tried to commit suicide, but we saved her life by chance.
她试图自杀，但我们碰巧救了她。活学活用
补全句子
(1)我们已经答应帮忙，就一定会做到的。
We've ________ ________ ________ to help, and we will.
(2)一个孩子在法律上是被看作无能力犯罪的。
A child is considered legally incapable of ________ ________ ________.
答案：(1)made a commitment (2)committing a crime3．electrical adj.电的；与电有关的
His father is an electrical engineer.
他的父亲是一位电力工程师。比较网站
electrical, electric, electronic活学活用
用“比较网站”中的词填空
(1)The cooker isn't working because of an ________ fault.
(2)The child likes ________ toys.
(3)I got an ________ organ as my birthday present.
答案：(1)electrical (2)electric (3)electronic4．casual adj.随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的
①Such casual dress would not be correct for a formal occasion.
这样的便服不宜在正式的场合穿。
②We had a casual meeting on a crowded train.
我们在拥挤的火车上不期而遇。
③My car had broken down and I sought help from casual passers-by.
我的车抛锚了，我就向碰巧路过的人求助。知识拓展
casually adv.偶然地；无意地
casualness n．随便；偶然活学活用
用恰当词语填空
It was just a ________ remark—I wasn't really serious.
答案：casual5．circumstance n．环境；情况
①The circumstances forced me to accept.
环境迫使我不得不同意。
②He was forced by the circumstances to do this.
他做此事是为环境所迫。
③Due to circumstances beyond our control the lecture was cancelled.
由于无法控制的情况，讲座取消了。知识拓展
circumstance表示“条件，情况”时，是可数名词，常用复数形式。
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下
in/under no circumstances无论如何不
①Under the circumstances, we must rely on ourselves.
在这样的情况下我们必须依赖自己。
②At no time and under no circumstances will China use nuclear weapons.
在任何时间和任何情况下，中国都不会使用核武器。活学活用
补全句子
(1)无论什么情况下你都要锁上门。
Under no circumstances ________ ________ ________ the door unlocked.
(2)在这种情况下她工作得很好。
She did the job well ________ ________ ________.
答案：(1)should you leave (2)in the circumstances6．refresh vt.使恢复；使振作
①A cool drink refreshed me after my long walk.
走了很长的一段路之后，一杯冷饮使我恢复了精神。
②A long vacation will refresh me。
长假过后我就会重新振作精神。 温馨提示
前缀re-：前缀re-(＝back)，表示“又，再，回”。
rebuild[re-(＝back再)＋build(建造；建设)]vt.重建
renew[re-(＝back再，重)＋new(新)]vt.重新；重新开始
review[re-(＝back再)＋view(观察，观看)]vt./n.复习
retell[re-(＝back再，重)＋tell(讲述)]vt.复述知识拓展
(1)refresh one's memory恢复记忆
refresh oneself with sth.用某物给某人提神
(2)refreshing adj.使人神清气爽的
refreshment n．[U]恢复精神；[pl.]点心活学活用
汉译英
休息一会儿，能使你恢复精神。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案：A rest will refresh you.7．contribution n．贡献；捐助；稿件
The signing of such a treaty would be a major contribution towards world peace.
签订这样一项条约是对世界和平的重大贡献。知识拓展
make contributions to对……作出贡献
相当于make a contribution to
contribute v．捐助；捐献；贡献出；投稿
contribute to有助于；促使；导致
contributor n．贡献者；捐助者；投稿者
contributive adj.贡献的；出资的；有助的①The doctor makes a great contribution to the public health.
这位医生对公共健康作出了巨大的贡献。
②Before the millionaire died, he had decided to contribute most of his wealth to the charity organization.
那位百万富翁去世之前，将他的大部分财产捐给了那家慈善组织。活学活用
补全句子
食用含太多脂肪的食物会引起心脏病，导致高血压。
Eating too much fat can ________ ________ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
答案：contribute to1.on behalf of代表……一方；作为……的代言人
①Please accept my apology on behalf of the hotel.
请接受我代表酒店向您道歉。
②They presented the Queen with a bouquet on behalf of the women students.
她们代表女学生向女王献花。 知识拓展
on behalf of sb./on sb.'s behalf
代表(或代替)某人；为帮助某人；因为某人；为了某人
in behalf of sb./in sb.'s behalf为帮助某人
①Thank you very much for your tireless efforts on our behalf.
非常感谢你为我们所做的不懈努力。
②The President signed the treaty in behalf of his government.
总统代表他的政府在条约上签了字。活学活用
完成句子
(1)(真题改编·辽宁)我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。
________ ________ ________ my colleagues and myself, I thank you.
(2)不要为了我去费力做这件事了。
Don't trouble to do it ________ ________ ________.
答案：(1)On behalf of (2)on my behalf2．put up with忍受；容忍
①That woman was a servant, who had a lot to put up with.
那妇人是一个仆人，不得不忍受许多烦恼。
②We can't put up with the smell coming from the river behind our school.
我们忍受不了从学校后面那条河里飘来的气味。知识拓展
(1)同义词：bear, stand, tolerate
(2)put aside节省，储蓄，储存……备用
put down写下，记下
put forward提出(建议)；把……向前拨
put off延期，推迟
put on穿上，戴上；演出
put out熄灭，扑灭
put through给……接通(电话)①I can't bear to think of it.
我都忍受不了去想它。
②I can't stand Tom; he talks too much.
汤姆话太多了，我受不了了。
③The boss can't tolerate caring in the office.
老板不能容忍在办公室内吃东西。
④He put forward a plan for the committee to consider.
他提出一项计划交由委员会审议。⑤One should always put a little money aside for a rainy day.
一个人总应积攒点钱以备不时之需。
⑥She washed the cups and put them away.
她洗完杯子后便把它们收了起来。
⑦Let me put down your telephone number in case I forget it.
让我先记下你的电话号码，以免忘了。活学活用
用put短语填空
(1)(真题改编·全国Ⅱ)I can ________ ________ ________ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.
(2)(真题改编·辽宁)The exam results will be ________ ________ on Friday afternoon.
答案：(1)put up with (2)put up3．so long as只要
①I'll help you so long as I have time.
只要我有时间我会帮助你的。
②I don't care, so long as she let me be with her.
只要她让我和她在一起，我才不在乎呢。
③You may borrow this book, so long as you keep it clean.
这本书你只要能保持整洁，就可以借给你。知识拓展
条件状语从句有两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句(即虚拟条件句)。能引导真实条件句的连词除了so/as long as外，还有if，unless，suppose/supposing(that)，providing/provided that，given(that)，on condition that，only if等。
①If you are tired, we will go straight home.
如果你疲倦了，我们就直接回家。
②I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.
除非我被邀请，否则我不会去参加晚会的。③You can go there on condition that you don't come back late for dinner.
你可以去那儿，条件是回来吃饭不能太晚。
④Supposing that there is no pure water; what shall we drink?
假如没有纯净的水，人们喝什么？
⑤I will go providing /provided that you go too.
如果你也去，我就去。⑥Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school.
我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。
⑦Given that he can get another chance, he will surely succeed.
如果他能再一次得到机会的话，他肯定会成功的。活学活用
(1)补全句子
只要你有自信，你就会获胜的。
________ ________ ________ you have confidence in yourself, you'll win.
(2)用恰当连词填空
(真题改编·江西)She says that she'll have to close the shop ________ business improves.
答案：(1)So/As long as (2)unless1.As I'm not sure where to start with my project, I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.
因为我还不清楚我该从哪里着手开始我的研究，我会感激你们的任何建议。
本句为主从复合句，as引导原因状语从句，在该从句中where to start...作I'm not sure的宾语；you may have为定语从句，修饰suggestions。where to start with my project为“疑问词＋不定式”结构。疑问代词(who，what，which等)和疑问副词(when，where，how等)后面跟不定式，构成“疑问词＋不定式”结构，这种结构在句中可以作主语、宾语(一般用在tell，understand，explain，advise，discuss等后面)、表语等。如：温馨提示
将该结构改成从句时，需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并将不定式改成适当形式的谓语。如：
How to do it is a question.
＝How we should do it is a question.
我们该怎样做是一个问题。
Which to choose is important.
＝Which we should choose is important.
我们要选哪个很重要。活学活用
补全句子
(真题改编·辽宁)有二十名学生要去听如何快速阅读的课。
Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：how to read fast2．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off!
只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！
此处if not是if you don't use it的省略形式，属于if型省略结构，意为“如果不是这样的话”。
Ask her if it is a convenient time. If not, can she suggest another possible time?
问问她那个时间方便不方便。要是不方便，那她可不可以另提一个可行的时间？知识拓展
if so如果这样
if any如果有
if ever如果曾有过的话
if necessary/possible如果有必要/可能活学活用
补全句子
(1)——图书馆里有关于英语语法的书吗？
——如果有，也很少。
—Are there any books about English grammar in the library?
—________ ________， there are only a few.
(2)如果有必要，我开车来接你。
________ ________， I'll pick you up.
答案：(1)If any (2)If necessary3．It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials.
用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品。
句子分析如下：知识拓展
It takes (sb.)＋精力/时间＋to do sth.句型表示“做某事花费(某人)多少精力/时间”。
It'll take a while to sort this problem out.
得需要一段时间才能把这问题处理完。
“花费”句型荟萃：cost：Sth. costs sb. some money①The journey should take us about three days.
这次旅程将花费我们大约3天时间。
②We are spending a lot more on food than we used to.
我们在食物上的花销比过去多多了。活学活用
句型转换
My brother spent 5,000 yuan on the iPhone 4S.
→My brother _______________________________________
the iPhone 4S.
→________________________________________________________________________to buy the iPhone 4S.
→The iPhone 4S cost my brother 5,000 yuan.
答案：paied 5,000 yuan for；It took my brother 5,000 yuan.怎样用英语写海报、告示
海报是向大众发布某种消息的布告。海报的形式多为招聘广告，活动宣传和人物介绍。英文海报的内容常为球讯、影讯、商业报道、展览会、报告会、专题讲座等。一般的英文海报由标题、正文和落款组成。一、海报的格式
1．在第一行的正中间写“POSTER”。
2．在第二行“POSTER”下面写上活动的具体名称或者活动的内容。例如：An Exciting Basketball Match。
3．在第三行空3个空格写上Good news for you.也可不写。
4．第四行空3个格写正文，为一段。
5．在正文的右下角写发布单位，下一行写日期。二、写作要求
主题要鲜明，语言要简明扼要，有感染力，能够唤起公众的关注。句子要短小精悍，通俗易懂。时态通常用一般现在时和将来时。三、黄金佳句
①We'll have a show/football match on July 16th.
②There is a piece of news that we'll hold a．.. ＋地点＋时间．
③We hope to raise money to help the poor children ...
④It will be held ... The match will be wonderful.
⑤You can buy tickets in ... and the price is 2 yuan for each.
⑥By then, some new clothes are even 50% off. If you spend more than 100 yuan at one time, you can get at present.人类，只有一个地球。地球是人类赖以生存的家园，它无私地把自己所拥有的一切全部奉献给了人类，而人类不仅不好好珍惜，不回报地球，还加以破坏，让地球日渐“衰老”。请同学们发挥想象力，以“全球变暖，保护环境”为主题，写一篇英语海报。谋篇布局
本次写作要求写一篇海报，需要用说明的表达方式来解说事物，阐明事理，给人以知识。
文章结构：提出问题、分析原因、解决办法。
语言特点：时态多用一般现在时，采用客观表述，避免主观色彩；层次分明，条理清楚。关键用词参考范文
The weather is becoming warmer and warmer; the glaciers are melting faster and faster; many animals are losing their habitats; the sea level is rising and many seaside cities are facing the danger of being submerged. All of these are caused by global warming.
How does the global warming happen? Human activities are one of the factors that lead to global warming. Many of our activities, such as burning fossil fuels, driving too many private cars and destroying the forests will speed up global warming. Now that we know the reasons for it，we should avoid these activities to stop the earth from getting warmer. We should use solar energy instead of burning fossil fuels. Using more public transportation instead of driving cars can help save resources as well as reduce the emission of carbon dioxide. Furthermore, we should plant more trees to absorb the carbon dioxide in the air.
We ought to do our best to help stop global warming.名师点评
文章分为三部分；第一部分列举全球变暖的表现，引出话题；第二部分承接上文，提出“全球变暖是如何发生的”这一问题，分析原因，并提出了切实可行的解决方法；第三部分呼吁人们尽自己所能防止全球变暖。文章层次分明，条理清楚，中心突出，内容充实。使用了恰当的连接词，使文章语言流畅，一些较好的词汇、习惯用语和句式使文章增色不少。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She doesn't want to make a ________(承诺) to me now.
2．They are planning to do something to prevent the ________(污染)．
3．Everyone's ________(情况) are unique so one needs to handle his own affairs differently.
4．There is some ________(分歧) on this issue.
5．He has made a ________(贡献) to the project.
答案：1.commitment 2.pollution 3.circumstances 4.disagreement 5.contributionⅡ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．The city is searching for the ways to reduce air ________(pollute)．
2．We've seen enormous ________(grow) in the number of businesses using the Web.
3．The cooker isn't working because of a(n) ________ (electricity) fault.
4．Professor Taylor is generally recognized as one of the state's most respected ________(educate)．5．The school sees its job as preparing students to make a(n) ________(contribute) to society.
6．Using a computer helped with the spelling and ________(present) of the report.
7．We've had a few ________(agree), but we're still good friends.
答案：1.pollution 2.growth 3.electrical 4.educators 5.contribution 6.presentation 7.disagreementsⅢ.句型转换
1．A：Four people were killed because of the fire.
B：The fire ________ ________ the death of four people.
2．A.It is certain that he will get over his illness.
B．________ is no doubt ________ he will get over his illness.
3．A.He studied hard，and as a result he passed the exam.
B．He studied hard, and ________ ________he passed the exam.4．A：If you drive carefully, you will be very safe.
B：You will be very safe ________ ________ ________ you drive carefully.
5．A.Modern technology takes astronauts into outer space to explore the universe.
B．________ ________ modern technology ________ takes astronauts into outer space to explore the universe.
答案：1.resulted in 2.There; that 3.in consequence 4.as long as 5.It is; that课件8张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修6(十二省区) Global warming Unit 4People and the sources of air pollution are found in the same places. This means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air. Air pollution is caused by many different things. A major source of air pollution is the gas fumes from cars. Statistics show that 93 percent of all auto trips are within cities. Another major source of dirty air is the burning of coal and oil for energy. This energy is needed to make electricity. Of course, much more electricity is used in the city than in the country.On the average, we throw away more trash and garbage than the year before, ①The burning of garbage contributes to air pollution. Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities. The fumes from iron，steel，chemical，and petroleum production add particles to the air.②The effects of air pollution range from mild headaches to death. The levels of pollution found in heavy for traffic may cause headaches for loss of clear vision. Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel, fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode.In some of the larger cities, these fumes endanger the live of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early death.Ⅰ.阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The purpose of this passage is to persuade people to stop polluting the air. ( )
2．Air pollution is more grave in the city than in the country because there are much more gas fumes from cars and burning of coal and oil for energy in the city than in the country.( )
3．The fumes from coal and oil may cause metal to turn black.( )
4．In larger cities, the fumes from coal and oil may contribute to heart disease.( )Ⅱ.佳句仿写
1．诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
Honesty and hard work ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
2．这个汽车旅馆的房价每天从三十美元到五十美元不等。
The room rate at this motel ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ per day.
答案：Ⅰ.1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F
Ⅱ.1.contribute to success and happiness
2．ranges from $30 to $50
