UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（二） 语言运用综合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
As an astronomer, I am accustomed to observing the universe in quiet places. I observe galaxies in the deep universe — places so far away that their light takes billions of years to reach our eyes.
Sometimes I wonder what our own galaxy looked like billions of years ago before our solar system was born. I often stare at the Hubble Deep Field (哈勃深空区) searching for clues: galaxies colliding (碰撞), stars exploding, and stellar nurseries. Can looking to the stars bring us closer together
A couple of months ago, Betelgeuse, a bright star in the Orion constellation (猎户座) started to get dimmer and dimmer. Astronomers all over the world thought this might be a signal that the star was about to explode. Though it might not happen for another 1,000 years or more, still I went outside every night to check it out. I was hoping that it would explode. Imagine seeing a star shining as bright as the full moon even during the day.
I started dreaming about using such_an_event to remind everyone that stars produce nearly all of the chemical elements in the universe, which came directly out of the Big Bang. Everything we breathe, touch and see was made inside of stars. The iron in our blood, calcium in our bones, and almost the entire periodic table are products of stellar evolution.
Betelgeuse did not explode, and more recent observations note that it is actually returning to normal. But nothing is normal here on Earth now. I am beginning to realize that we did not need a star to explode to unite us. All we needed was a common problem.
I am hoping that everyone on the planet is saving some time to contemplate (凝视，沉思) the universe and to realize we are not alone. No matter where we are or who we are, we are on this planet together. Since we are all made of stars, looking up at the night sky gives us a glimpse of our past and our future, and we can contemplate both together.
语篇解读：本文以一位天文学家对星空的观察和思考入手，提出“仰望星空可以拉近我们的距离”这一观点。作者建议人类应该重新审视自己的生存方式。
1．Why does the author write this article
A．To advise others to stare at a potentially exploding star recently.
B．To research into the scientific mystery in the universe with readers.
C．To discuss the proper relationship between human and the universe.
D．To advise us to think about the way human beings live in this world.
解析：选D 写作意图题。根据第四段和最后一段可知，作者认为星球创造了宇宙中几乎一切的化学元素，也创造了人类；地球上的每一个人都应该仰望星空，因为这样我们可以看到我们的过去和未来，可以看到我们都在一起，并不孤单。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议我们思考人类在这个世界上的生存方式。故选D项。
2．According to the article, what do we know about Betelgeuse
A．It is a star the author tracked for years.
B．It will produce chemical elements if it explodes.
C．It is a normal star which is disappearing.
D．It will explode in ten thousand years.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“to remind everyone that stars produce nearly all of the chemical elements in the universe, which came directly out of the Big Bang”可知，宇宙大爆炸后，星球创造了宇宙中几乎一切的化学元素；而“参宿四”是一个星球，故它如果爆炸，可以释放化学元素。故选B项。
3．What does the underlined phrase “such an event” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Betelgeuse's potential explosion.
B．Betelgeuse's getting dimmer and dimmer.
C．The author's checking out every night.
D．A star's shining as bright as the sun.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据逻辑可知应从画线部分的上文去寻找其指代的内容。根据第三段中的“Astronomers all over the world thought this might be a signal that the star was about to explode.”可知，这个事件指的就是这颗星球有可能会爆炸。故选A项。
4．What's the best title of this passage
A．What Should an Astronomer Do
B．Should We Know More about the Universe
C．Looking to the Stars Can Bring Us Closer Together
D．Getting United Is a Problem Impossible to Solve
解析：选C 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，作者从对星空的观察入手，讲到星球创造了宇宙中几乎一切的化学元素，也创造了人类；作者认为我们应该经常凝视星空，重新审视自己的生存方式，并看到我们并不孤单。故C项(仰望星空可以拉近我们的距离)最适合作为本文的标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Always wished the Earth had a second moon Then you will be __1__ to hear that the Chengdu Aerospace Science and Technology Microelectronics System Research Institute has planned to launch multiple mini moons over the next few years.
Similar to the __2__ satellite, the light of the artificial orb (球体) will be obtained from the sun and __3__ to Earth by its mirror-like coating.According to its designers, the __4__ of light being reflected can be controlled from Earth and the light can even be __5__， if necessary.
While the multiple mini moons will certainly appear picturesque, their main purpose is to conserve __6__.The Chengdu Aerospace experts claim the mini moon's dusk-like glow will allow the government to eventually __7__ costly streetlights in cities.
Once the first mini moon is __8__ successfully, the experts plan to launch three __9__ ones.Together, the satellites, which will take turns depending on their __10__ in relation to the sun, are expected to __11__ an area of 3,600 to 6,400 square kilometers.While the orbs will be __12__ through a telescope from anywhere on the globe, their real beauty will only be seen by visiting Chengdu.
As is often the case with major __13__， some experts are concerned.They __14__ that the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals.However, officials believe the satellites will cause little, if any, __15__.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。成都航天科技微电子系统研究院计划在未来几年发送人造月亮用以反射太阳光线，利用反射光可以照亮成都夜晚的街道，从而节能省钱。
1．A.pleased B．surprised
C．alarmed D．relieved
解析：选A 根据语境可知，如果你一直盼望有第二个月亮的话，那听到在未来几年会发射多颗微型“月亮”，你会感到高兴(pleased)。
2．A.traditional B．unique
C．natural D．famous
解析：选C 根据该句中的“the light of the artificial orb (球体) will be obtained from the sun”并结合常识可知，从太阳中获取光是自然卫星的普遍特点，而这种人造球体和自然卫星类似。
3．A.carried B．reflected
C．introduced D．transformed
解析：选B 根据该句中的“by its mirror-like coating”并结合物理常识可推知，该处指太阳的光线被反射到地球，B项意为“反射”，故B项正确。
4．A.colour B．speed
C．source D．amount
解析：选D 根据该句中的“can be controlled from Earth”并结合语境可知，可以从地球上控制光的量(amount)，如果有必要，甚至可以关闭(switched off)光源。
5．A.sent out B．switched off
C．given away D．turned down
解析：选B 参见上题解析。
6．A.resources B．animals
C．farmland D．space
解析：选A 根据下文可知，利用这种人造卫星可以照亮成都夜晚的街道；结合该句可知，制造这种人造卫星旨在节约资源。A项意为“资源”，故A项正确。
7．A.rebuild B．expand
C．improve D．remove
解析：选D 根据下文利用这种人造卫星可以照亮成都夜晚的街道可知，专家称这种光将使政府最终能够移除(remove)城市中昂贵的路灯。
8．A.travelling B．appearing
C．working D．signaling
解析：选C 根据语境可知，一旦第一个人造月亮成功运作(working)，专家们将计划发射另外(additional)三个。
9．A.additional B．special
C．bright D．colourful
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
10．A.size B．importance
C．position D．function
解析：选C 根据该句中的“in relation to the sun”并结合常识可知，这些卫星将根据它们相对于太阳的位置(position)反射光线，预计照亮(light up)3 600到6 400平方千米的区域。
11．A.pick up B．take up
C．hold up D．light up
解析：选D 参见上题解析。
12．A.reliable B．visible
C．available D．testable
解析：选B 根据该句中的“through a telescope”可知，虽然地球上任何地方都可以通过望远镜看到这些球体，但它们真正的美只能通过参观成都才能看到。visible意为“可见的”，符合语境，故B项正确。
13．A.drawbacks B．breakthroughs
C．evolution D．conflict
解析：选B 根据上文可知，人们将发射人造月亮用来反射太阳的光；结合该句可知，重大的突破常常会引起专家的担心。B项意为“突破”，故B项正确。
14．A.doubt B．conclude
C．worry D．agree
解析：选C 根据前一句中的“concerned”并结合该句可知，他们担心(worry)这些人造月亮会影响人类和动物的睡眠模式。
15．A.disturbance B．destruction
C．satisfaction D．discussion
解析：选A 结合语境可知，然而官员们认为，这种人造月亮不会给人们带来干扰或带来很少干扰(disturbance)。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The first creature to orbit our planet was just three years old, saved from the streets of Moscow only more than a week __1__ her historic travel. Her name was Laika. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space exploration at the time __2__ scientists didn't know if spaceflight was deadly for living creatures.
Man is a born explorer. Since before the dawn of civilization, we've been trying __3__ (go) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what's beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. Our __4__ (able) to explore has reached new heights in the last hundred years. Airplanes could __5__ (simple) our travel, shorten distances and show us Earth from a new angle. By the middle of the last century, we aimed even __6__ (high)．
Laika __7__ (follow) into orbit three years later by the first human, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. It was our first step into space. Then we turned our sights to the moon and the solar system. Manned space stations began shining brightly in the sky.
Space travel is __8__ like that in the movies. Getting from planet to planet (or moon) across the solar system requires complex calculations __9__ (involve) inertia and gravity — literally, rocket science. Space is also __10__ (safe). More than 20 astronauts have died, doing their job. However, that hasn't stopped people from signing up and going into space.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，简要介绍了人类探索太空的历史。
1．before 考查介词。此处表示“在进行历史性的太空之旅的一周多之前，它才被从莫斯科的街头解救”，因此用before表示“在……之前”。
2．when 考查定语从句。在科学家还不知道太空飞行是否对生物有致命危害的时候，她的1957年的太空之旅为太空探索铺平了道路。空前是主句，空处引导定语从句修饰前面的先行词time，空处在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。
3．to go 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示“从文明出现前起，我们就一直努力越过地平线去寻找食物和更多的空间，或者只是看看那些树、那些山或那些海洋的那边有什么”，因此此处应填不定式，构成try to do sth.“试图/努力做某事”。
4．ability 考查名词。根据空前的Our和空后的to explore以及谓语has reached可知，空处要填名词单数作主语，故填ability“能力”。
5．simplify 考查动词。空前是情态动词，空后是名词our travel，因此本空应填动词原形。simplify“简化，使简易”。
6．higher 考查比较级。前面提到“has reached new heights in the last hundred years”，此处提到“到上世纪中期，我们以更高的高度为目标”，因此空处应该用副词的比较级higher。空前的even也是暗示。
7．was followed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述一个过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时；且根据语境及主语为单数可知，此处应填was followed。
8．nothing/not 考查代词或副词。此处表示太空旅行不像电影里的那样，它需要复杂的计算。nothing like“完全不像”，此处也可以用not表示否定意义。
9．involving 考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰calculations，被修饰词与involve“包含”是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。
10．unsafe 考查形容词。根据后一句“More than 20 astronauts have died, doing their job.”可知，此处表示太空旅行也很危险，即不安全，故此处应该用safe的反义词unsafe“不安全的，危险的”。UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（二） 语言运用综合练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
As an astronomer, I am accustomed to observing the universe in quiet places. I observe galaxies in the deep universe — places so far away that their light takes billions of years to reach our eyes.
Sometimes I wonder what our own galaxy looked like billions of years ago before our solar system was born. I often stare at the Hubble Deep Field (哈勃深空区) searching for clues: galaxies colliding (碰撞), stars exploding, and stellar nurseries. Can looking to the stars bring us closer together
A couple of months ago, Betelgeuse, a bright star in the Orion constellation (猎户座) started to get dimmer and dimmer. Astronomers all over the world thought this might be a signal that the star was about to explode. Though it might not happen for another 1,000 years or more, still I went outside every night to check it out. I was hoping that it would explode. Imagine seeing a star shining as bright as the full moon even during the day.
I started dreaming about using such_an_event to remind everyone that stars produce nearly all of the chemical elements in the universe, which came directly out of the Big Bang. Everything we breathe, touch and see was made inside of stars. The iron in our blood, calcium in our bones, and almost the entire periodic table are products of stellar evolution.
Betelgeuse did not explode, and more recent observations note that it is actually returning to normal. But nothing is normal here on Earth now. I am beginning to realize that we did not need a star to explode to unite us. All we needed was a common problem.
I am hoping that everyone on the planet is saving some time to contemplate (凝视，沉思) the universe and to realize we are not alone. No matter where we are or who we are, we are on this planet together. Since we are all made of stars, looking up at the night sky gives us a glimpse of our past and our future, and we can contemplate both together.
1．Why does the author write this article
A．To advise others to stare at a potentially exploding star recently.
B．To research into the scientific mystery in the universe with readers.
C．To discuss the proper relationship between human and the universe.
D．To advise us to think about the way human beings live in this world.
2．According to the article, what do we know about Betelgeuse
A．It is a star the author tracked for years.
B．It will produce chemical elements if it explodes.
C．It is a normal star which is disappearing.
D．It will explode in ten thousand years.
3．What does the underlined phrase “such an event” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Betelgeuse's potential explosion.
B．Betelgeuse's getting dimmer and dimmer.
C．The author's checking out every night.
D．A star's shining as bright as the sun.
4．What's the best title of this passage
A．What Should an Astronomer Do
B．Should We Know More about the Universe
C．Looking to the Stars Can Bring Us Closer Together
D．Getting United Is a Problem Impossible to Solve
Ⅱ.完形填空
Always wished the Earth had a second moon Then you will be __1__ to hear that the Chengdu Aerospace Science and Technology Microelectronics System Research Institute has planned to launch multiple mini moons over the next few years.
Similar to the __2__ satellite, the light of the artificial orb (球体) will be obtained from the sun and __3__ to Earth by its mirror-like coating.According to its designers, the __4__ of light being reflected can be controlled from Earth and the light can even be __5__， if necessary.
While the multiple mini moons will certainly appear picturesque, their main purpose is to conserve __6__.The Chengdu Aerospace experts claim the mini moon's dusk-like glow will allow the government to eventually __7__ costly streetlights in cities.
Once the first mini moon is __8__ successfully, the experts plan to launch three __9__ ones.Together, the satellites, which will take turns depending on their __10__ in relation to the sun, are expected to __11__ an area of 3,600 to 6,400 square kilometers.While the orbs will be __12__ through a telescope from anywhere on the globe, their real beauty will only be seen by visiting Chengdu.
As is often the case with major __13__， some experts are concerned.They __14__ that the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals.However, officials believe the satellites will cause little, if any, __15__.
1．A.pleased B．surprised
C．alarmed D．relieved
2．A.traditional B．unique
C．natural D．famous
3．A.carried B．reflected
C．introduced D．transformed
4．A.colour B．speed
C．source D．amount
5．A.sent out B．switched off
C．given away D．turned down
6．A.resources B．animals
C．farmland D．space
7．A.rebuild B．expand
C．improve D．remove
8．A.travelling B．appearing
C．working D．signaling
9．A.additional B．special
C．bright D．colourful
10．A.size B．importance
C．position D．function
11．A.pick up B．take up
C．hold up D．light up
12．A.reliable B．visible
C．available D．testable
13．A.drawbacks B．breakthroughs
C．evolution D．conflict
14．A.doubt B．conclude
C．worry D．agree
15．A.disturbance B．destruction
C．satisfaction D．discussion
Ⅲ.语法填空
The first creature to orbit our planet was just three years old, saved from the streets of Moscow only more than a week __1__ her historic travel. Her name was Laika. Her 1957 flight paved the way for space exploration at the time __2__ scientists didn't know if spaceflight was deadly for living creatures.
Man is a born explorer. Since before the dawn of civilization, we've been trying __3__ (go) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what's beyond those trees or mountains or oceans. Our __4__ (able) to explore has reached new heights in the last hundred years. Airplanes could __5__ (simple) our travel, shorten distances and show us Earth from a new angle. By the middle of the last century, we aimed even __6__ (high)．
Laika __7__ (follow) into orbit three years later by the first human, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. It was our first step into space. Then we turned our sights to the moon and the solar system. Manned space stations began shining brightly in the sky.
Space travel is __8__ like that in the movies. Getting from planet to planet (or moon) across the solar system requires complex calculations __9__ (involve) inertia and gravity — literally, rocket science. Space is also __10__ (safe). More than 20 astronauts have died, doing their job. However, that hasn't stopped people from signing up and going into space.UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（三） 阅读写作融会练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer.“I'm an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station, the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity, it's just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight.That can be annoying — that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days — truly terrible days for some — astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance, astronauts lose bone mass.That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在太空中的生活有多神秘？这可能是你想象不到的。本文从不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时你要面对的各种挑战。
1．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space
A．Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D．Finding a right time to go to sleep.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Its position presents its own challenges.”可知，在太空中睡觉时，首先要面对的就是睡觉的姿势问题，这与A项中的position吻合。
2．The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when________.
A．they circle around on their bikes
B．they use microcomputers without a stop
C．they exercise in one place for a long time
D．they watch a movie while pedaling
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long ...You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.”可知，如果在一个地方待的时间太长，没有了重力帮助空气流通，呼出的二氧化碳就有可能在你的头附近形成隐形的云朵，你就会得“二氧化碳”头疼症，这与C项的表述吻合。
3．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________.
A．their senses stop working
B．they have to stand up straight
C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D．their brains receive contradictory messages
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Your inner ear ...that's why some people feel sick.”可知，在太空中，你的内耳认为你要倒下，而眼睛却告诉你你在直立，也就是内耳和眼睛输出的信息是矛盾的，所以有些人会感到恶心，故选择D项。
4．One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is________.
A．how much exercise they do on the station
B．how they can remain healthy for long in space
C．whether they can recover after returning home
D．whether they are able to go back to the station
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“NASA is worried about two things ...”可知，NASA担心的是宇航员回家之后需要的恢复时间和怎样在两年半或更长时间的绕火星的旅行中保持体力和健康，这与B项中的remain healthy for long in space吻合，由此可知应该选择B项。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，某英文报社即将举行一次与航空航天相关的夏令营，正在征求活动方案。请你就此用英文给该报社写一封电子邮件表达你的兴趣及你对活动方案的设计。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：航空航天 aerospace
Dear Sir，
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Sir，
I am glad to hear that a summer camp about aerospace will be held.It attracts me a lot, and I sincerely hope that I can participate in.
Here are my ideas for the camp.First，there should be some time to enjoy and admire true spaceships or rockets that have been used or will be used，which can increase our interest.Then I hope you can invite some astronauts to share their experience with us.Besides, I hope we can have the chance to experience it in the experimental situation.And it will be better if we can be taught to make some aircraft models and take them as gifts for family and friends.
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Ali and his younger sister, Zahra, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood.Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and they had only a little money with which to buy food.As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks (盯着他们)．
One day, Ali took Zahra's shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home.It wasn't until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes.He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret.Zahra agreed and the two decided to share Ali's running shoes.Zahra's school hours were in the morning, so she would wear them first.After school, she would rush back and give them to Ali.He could then run to his school, which began in the afternoon.Although he ran as fast as he could, Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school.
Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city.When he learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes, he decided to take part.He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes.
The day of race arrived.Ali had a strong start, but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache.Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra and his promise to her.Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners, determined to finish third.Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner collided (碰撞) with Ali from behind and he crashed to the ground.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead.
Paragraph 2：
Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead.Refusing to give up at this point, he jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could.He dashed across the finishing line and won the fourth prize.Thinking he would let his sister down, Ali couldn't help sobbing.Just then he suddenly heard the announcement from the broadcast that he won the third prize as the runner who collided with Ali was disqualified for breaking the rule.Holding the shoes close to his chest during the award ceremony, Ali felt overjoyed and relieved as he eventually won the shoes for his sister.
Paragraph 2：
Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly.He could not wait to see his sister and share the good news.On his arrival, Ali found Zahra was waiting outside.Nervous and anxious, Zahra wondered whether her brother had brought her what she was expecting.“Zahra, see what I have got for you.” Ali said excitedly, taking the prize out of his bag with his trembling hands.The instant Zahra saw the shoes, her face lit up.So thrilled was she that she threw herself at Ali.“Thank you! Ali.” Tears of joy welled up in their eyes as the brother and the sister hugged tightly together.UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（三） 阅读写作融会练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.
First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer.“I'm an inside guy，” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.”
On the station, the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity, it's just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.
Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight.That can be annoying — that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days — truly terrible days for some — astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.
Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance, astronauts lose bone mass.That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.
1．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space
A．Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D．Finding a right time to go to sleep.
2．The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when________.
A．they circle around on their bikes
B．they use microcomputers without a stop
C．they exercise in one place for a long time
D．they watch a movie while pedaling
3．Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because ________.
A．their senses stop working
B．they have to stand up straight
C．they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D．their brains receive contradictory messages
4．One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is________.
A．how much exercise they do on the station
B．how they can remain healthy for long in space
C．whether they can recover after returning home
D．whether they are able to go back to the station
Ⅱ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，某英文报社即将举行一次与航空航天相关的夏令营，正在征求活动方案。请你就此用英文给该报社写一封电子邮件表达你的兴趣及你对活动方案的设计。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
参考词汇：航空航天 aerospace
Dear Sir，
I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Ali and his younger sister, Zahra, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood.Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and they had only a little money with which to buy food.As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks (盯着他们)．
One day, Ali took Zahra's shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home.It wasn't until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes.He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret.Zahra agreed and the two decided to share Ali's running shoes.Zahra's school hours were in the morning, so she would wear them first.After school, she would rush back and give them to Ali.He could then run to his school, which began in the afternoon.Although he ran as fast as he could, Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school.
Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city.When he learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes, he decided to take part.He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes.
The day of race arrived.Ali had a strong start, but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache.Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra and his promise to her.Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners, determined to finish third.Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner collided (碰撞) with Ali from behind and he crashed to the ground.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead.
Paragraph 2：
Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（四） 重点题型强化练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the distant past, our ancestors relied on stars to guide them on a clear night.Today, we have navigational (导航的) systems to help us find our way, the latest of which is the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)．
The BDS is entirely built by Chinese engineers.With the launch of the last satellite from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23, the global network of 59 satellites has been completed.On July 31, Beidou started providing services covering our whole planet.
It's difficult to imagine the great influence those satellites have on our daily lives.When you unlock one of Hellobike's bicycles, you are using the BDS.“The intelligent lock on each bike receives Beidou satellite signals and sends positioning information to the data center which will help collect big data on the bikes and predict users' riding needs in advance according to the data，” Chu Yiqun, a manager of Hellobike mentioned.Users can also find shared bikes more accurately (精确地) thanks to Beidou's global positioning accuracy of 2.34 meters.
Beidou adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability to receive messages sent by people from areas with poor communication signals.Obviously this function isn't designed for users to chat online.Instead, it plays a role when disasters occur and communications are blocked.
After the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, all ground-based communication facilities were interrupted.Though the first generation of Beidou could only send 120 characters in a single message at that time, communication between affected areas and rescue centers was successful.Now, Beidou's messaging ability has been increased to 1, 200 Chinese characters in a single message.It is widely used in disaster alarms, automatic identification and information release.
As Sun Jiadong, former chief designer of the BDS said: “The_application_of_Beidou_is_only_limited_by_imagination.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北斗导航卫星系统在我们生活中的应用。
1．What can we learn about the BDS from the passage
A．It was developed by Chinese and American engineers.
B．It works better on clear nights.
C．Its last satellite was launched on July 31.
D．It's able to provide global coverage for navigation.
解析：选D 细节理解题。第二段中提到“the global network of 59 satellites has been completed.On July 31, Beidou started providing services covering our whole planet”北斗系统的全球59颗卫星网络已经完成，北斗系统开始提供覆盖全球的服务。由此可知，北斗系统能够提供全球范围的导航服务。故选D。
2．Why does the author mention Hellobike in Paragraph 3
A．To stress the excellent positioning ability of the BDS.
B．To show how the BDS makes people's daily lives easier.
C．To present the advantages and disadvantages of the BDS.
D．To explain how the BDS works.
解析：选B 推理判断题。第三段中提到“It's difficult to imagine the great influence those satellites have on our daily lives.(很难想象那些卫星对我们日常生活的巨大影响)”；下文举出Hellobike的例子，由此可知，作者是以Hellobike为例说明北斗系统对人们日常生活的影响，以及如何让人们的日常生活更轻松。故选B。
3．What is Beidou's two-way communication system designed for
A．To help people when communication signals are poor.
B．To make users' daily communication more fun.
C．To allow users to chat online more freely.
D．To collect data from users for the data center.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Beidou adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability to receive messages sent by people from areas with poor communication signals.”和“it plays a role when disasters occur and communications are blocked”可知，北斗双向通信系统是为了在通讯信号不好或者信号中断时帮助人们。故选A。
4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A．Beidou may be more helpful than we know.
B．Beidou inspires users' imagination.
C．Beidou needs to be further improved.
D．Beidou is limited in application.
解析：选A 句意理解题。最后一段中前首席设计师孙家栋说“The application of Beidou is only limited by imagination.(北斗的应用只受到想象力的限制)”，意味着北斗系统还有更多的其他的应用，是人们还没有想象到的。由此可推知北斗系统对我们的帮助可能比我们能想到的更多。故选A。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Little Etiquette Rules for Flying on an Airplane
Being a polite passenger starts with just a few easy steps.
Help your fellow traveler
__1__， offer to lift a fellow passenger's up there, too.Not only is it kind, but it could make the boarding process more efficient for everyone else.
Keep your personal things, well, personal
It's important to be mindful of your personal belongings.__2__， as you walk down the aisles (过道), by keeping it in front of you and close to your body.And once you sit down, you should stay there, and make sure you have everything you will need for the flight once you settle in your seat.Reaching over other passengers to access the overhead storage during the flight is uncomfortable for everyone.
__3__
In the narrow space of an airplane, maintaining your personal space will go a long way towards making a smoother ride for everyone.Let the middle-seat passenger use the armrests (it's the least you can do), and keep your legs within the width of the chair frame.
Be willing to swap seats with a family
Airlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent ones, making it tough for family members to buy seats together.__4__， offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other; it's a kind gesture that they won't forget.__5__， as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways.
A．If you're traveling alone
B．If they avoid eye contact
C．Avoid bringing smelly food
D．Respect your (limited) space
E．Avoid hitting other passengers with your bag
F．While you're loading your carry-on bag into the overhead space
G．But be sure to delay swapping until the plane has reached the safe altitude
语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了在飞机上做一个有礼貌的乘客的几个简单的方法。
1．选F 根据后面的“offer to lift a fellow passenger's up there, too”中的there, too可知，当你把随身行李放进头顶上方的行李架时，你也可以主动提出帮同行的乘客把行李放上去。故选F项。
2．选E 根据小标题Keep your personal things, well, personal和空后的“as you walk down the aisles (过道), by keeping it in front of you and close to your body”可知，当你在过道上走的时候，把它放在你前面，靠近你的身体。此处it指的是E项中的“your bag”，E项“避免你的包撞到其他乘客”符合语境。
3．选D 根据下文提到的“在狭小的机舱里，保持你的个人空间十分有助于每个人有一个更顺利的旅行。让中间座位的乘客使用扶手(这是你最起码能做的)，并保持你的腿放在椅子框架的宽度之内”可知，本段主要讲尊重你有限的空间。故D项适合作此处的小标题。
4．选A 根据前句“Airlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent ones, making it tough for family members to buy seats together.”(航空公司有时会为特殊乘客预留某些座位，或者对相邻的座位收取额外费用，这使得家庭成员很难购买在一起的座位)，再结合空后的“offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other”(主动提出调换座位，让一家人坐在一起)可知，空处应是描述你能够跟别人调换座位的前提，故A项“如果你是独自一人旅行”符合语境。
5．选G 根据小标题Be willing to swap seats with a family中的swap和下文解释的原因“as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways”可知，此处指的是“但请务必直到飞机到达安全高度之后再交换座位”，故选G项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
A 54-year-old dentist, Goodman purchased his first __1__ in 1990 and joined the Howard Astronomical League (HAL) in 2000.“There aren't too many big astronomy __2__，” said Marc Feuerberg, who is President of HAL. “If you are into astronomy at all, you kind of end up here.”
HAL which has about 120 members __3__ “star parties” several times a month.The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools, with the __4__ of creating a new generation of sky __5__.
Astronomy in general is sort of like ham radio.It was __6__ just after World War Ⅱ，__7__ now it is “kind of graying”， said Chas Rimpo, the club's events organizer.
Members offer several reasons for the __8__： kids today would rather look at stuff on computers than __9__； people think the telescopes are hard to __10__.
But they say there's nothing like being outdoors, looking at the sky and considering Earth's tiny place in the __11__.
HAL members are doing what they can to make an impression on a new generation of __12__ astronomy lovers.Plans are under way to __13__ the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park, said Rimpo.
Alpha Ridge Park was chosen as the site because it is __14__ located near Interstate 70, but mostly because it has little light pollution, said Goodman.
“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place，” Goodman said, “but once it is __15__， it will be run by HAL members and be open to the public.And it will give HAL a place of its own.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了霍华德天文社团为培养新一代天空观测者而做出了许多努力。
1．A.radio B．telescope
C．machine D．computer
解析：选B 根据后文Howard Astronomical League可推知，Goodman购买的是用来观测的望远镜。故选B。
2．A.schools B．clubs
C．companies D．centers
解析：选B 根据上文Howard Astronomical League可知，此处指大型的天文社团(clubs)。故选B。
3．A.takes B．holds
C．builds D．opens
解析：选B 根据后文“star parties”可知，是举办(holds)“星星派对”。后文“The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools”也有提示。故选B。
4．A.opinion B．suggestion
C．goal D．agreement
解析：选C 根据后文“of creating a new generation of sky”可知，是在说明举办这些活动的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选C。
5．A.watchers B．astronauts
C．visitors D．astronomers
解析：选A 根据上文Goodman买望远镜可知，俱乐部的目标是为了培养新一代的天空观察者。故选A。
6．A.successful B．popular
C．important D．secure
解析：选B 根据后文now it is “kind of graying”可知，在二战刚结束时天文学很受欢迎，但是现在有点衰退了。故选B。
7．A.and B．so
C．but D．though
解析：选C 根据上下文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故选C。
8．A.shortcomings B．disadvantages
C．failure D．decline
解析：选D 根据上文now it is “kind of graying”可知，此处是在分析如今俱乐部衰退的原因。故选D。
9．A.watch out B．go away
C．go out D．give away
解析：选C 根据上文“kids today would rather look at stuff on computers”可知，如今的孩子喜欢待在家里看电脑，不愿意出门。故选C。
10．A.operate B．purchase
C．adjust D．calculate
解析：选A 根据上文people think the telescopes are hard to可知，人们认为望远镜难以操作(operate)，其他选项不符合语境。故选A。
11．A.sky B．universe
C．earth D．world
解析：选B 根据上文considering Earth's tiny place in the可知，是思考地球在宇宙中的微小位置。故选B。
12．A.skillful B．excellent
C．potential D．patient
解析：选C 根据上文a new generation of可知，HAL的成员正在尽其所能给新一代潜在的(potential)天文爱好者留下深刻印象。故选C。
13．A.pick B．insert
C．fit D．place
解析：选C 根据后文“the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park”可知，在阿尔法岭公园安装天文台的计划正在进行。故选C。
14．A.totally B．conveniently
C．partly D．conventionally
解析：选B 根据后文“located near Interstate 70”可知，阿尔法岭公园靠近70号州际公路，交通很方便。故选B。
15．A.chosen B．designed
C．completed D．found
解析：选C 根据上文“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place”可知，此处表示天文台一旦完成。故选C。UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（四） 重点题型强化练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In the distant past, our ancestors relied on stars to guide them on a clear night.Today, we have navigational (导航的) systems to help us find our way, the latest of which is the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)．
The BDS is entirely built by Chinese engineers.With the launch of the last satellite from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center on June 23, the global network of 59 satellites has been completed.On July 31, Beidou started providing services covering our whole planet.
It's difficult to imagine the great influence those satellites have on our daily lives.When you unlock one of Hellobike's bicycles, you are using the BDS.“The intelligent lock on each bike receives Beidou satellite signals and sends positioning information to the data center which will help collect big data on the bikes and predict users' riding needs in advance according to the data，” Chu Yiqun, a manager of Hellobike mentioned.Users can also find shared bikes more accurately (精确地) thanks to Beidou's global positioning accuracy of 2.34 meters.
Beidou adopts a unique two-way communication system, including its ability to receive messages sent by people from areas with poor communication signals.Obviously this function isn't designed for users to chat online.Instead, it plays a role when disasters occur and communications are blocked.
After the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, all ground-based communication facilities were interrupted.Though the first generation of Beidou could only send 120 characters in a single message at that time, communication between affected areas and rescue centers was successful.Now, Beidou's messaging ability has been increased to 1, 200 Chinese characters in a single message.It is widely used in disaster alarms, automatic identification and information release.
As Sun Jiadong, former chief designer of the BDS said: “The_application_of_Beidou_is_only_limited_by_imagination.”
1．What can we learn about the BDS from the passage
A．It was developed by Chinese and American engineers.
B．It works better on clear nights.
C．Its last satellite was launched on July 31.
D．It's able to provide global coverage for navigation.
2．Why does the author mention Hellobike in Paragraph 3
A．To stress the excellent positioning ability of the BDS.
B．To show how the BDS makes people's daily lives easier.
C．To present the advantages and disadvantages of the BDS.
D．To explain how the BDS works.
3．What is Beidou's two-way communication system designed for
A．To help people when communication signals are poor.
B．To make users' daily communication more fun.
C．To allow users to chat online more freely.
D．To collect data from users for the data center.
4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A．Beidou may be more helpful than we know.
B．Beidou inspires users' imagination.
C．Beidou needs to be further improved.
D．Beidou is limited in application.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Little Etiquette Rules for Flying on an Airplane
Being a polite passenger starts with just a few easy steps.
Help your fellow traveler
__1__， offer to lift a fellow passenger's up there, too.Not only is it kind, but it could make the boarding process more efficient for everyone else.
Keep your personal things, well, personal
It's important to be mindful of your personal belongings.__2__， as you walk down the aisles (过道), by keeping it in front of you and close to your body.And once you sit down, you should stay there, and make sure you have everything you will need for the flight once you settle in your seat.Reaching over other passengers to access the overhead storage during the flight is uncomfortable for everyone.
__3__
In the narrow space of an airplane, maintaining your personal space will go a long way towards making a smoother ride for everyone.Let the middle-seat passenger use the armrests (it's the least you can do), and keep your legs within the width of the chair frame.
Be willing to swap seats with a family
Airlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent ones, making it tough for family members to buy seats together.__4__， offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other; it's a kind gesture that they won't forget.__5__， as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways.
A．If you're traveling alone
B．If they avoid eye contact
C．Avoid bringing smelly food
D．Respect your (limited) space
E．Avoid hitting other passengers with your bag
F．While you're loading your carry-on bag into the overhead space
G．But be sure to delay swapping until the plane has reached the safe altitude
Ⅲ.完形填空
A 54-year-old dentist, Goodman purchased his first __1__ in 1990 and joined the Howard Astronomical League (HAL) in 2000.“There aren't too many big astronomy __2__，” said Marc Feuerberg, who is President of HAL. “If you are into astronomy at all, you kind of end up here.”
HAL which has about 120 members __3__ “star parties” several times a month.The group also holds sessions at local libraries and schools, with the __4__ of creating a new generation of sky __5__.
Astronomy in general is sort of like ham radio.It was __6__ just after World War Ⅱ，__7__ now it is “kind of graying”， said Chas Rimpo, the club's events organizer.
Members offer several reasons for the __8__： kids today would rather look at stuff on computers than __9__； people think the telescopes are hard to __10__.
But they say there's nothing like being outdoors, looking at the sky and considering Earth's tiny place in the __11__.
HAL members are doing what they can to make an impression on a new generation of __12__ astronomy lovers.Plans are under way to __13__ the observatory in Alpha Ridge Park, said Rimpo.
Alpha Ridge Park was chosen as the site because it is __14__ located near Interstate 70, but mostly because it has little light pollution, said Goodman.
“It might be a few years before the observatory is actually in place，” Goodman said, “but once it is __15__， it will be run by HAL members and be open to the public.And it will give HAL a place of its own.”
1．A.radio B．telescope
C．machine D．computer
2．A.schools B．clubs
C．companies D．centers
3．A.takes B．holds
C．builds D．opens
4．A.opinion B．suggestion
C．goal D．agreement
5．A.watchers B．astronauts
C．visitors D．astronomers
6．A.successful B．popular
C．important D．secure
7．A.and B．so
C．but D．though
8．A.shortcomings B．disadvantages
C．failure D．decline
9．A.watch out B．go away
C．go out D．give away
10．A.operate B．purchase
C．adjust D．calculate
11．A.sky B．universe
C．earth D．world
12．A.skillful B．excellent
C．potential D．patient
13．A.pick B．insert
C．fit D．place
14．A.totally B．conveniently
C．partly D．conventionally
15．A.chosen B．designed
C．completed D．foundUNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（一） 阅读理解专项练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Most Chinese know the story of the mythological Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon. It's a story about a woman who takes an immortality pill and flies to the moon. It is told every year during China's Mid-Autumn Festival, so people can't hear the word “Chang'e” without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.
For this reason, China's mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang'e-5 lunar exploration program with comments about how she is a “frontline soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.
Ms Zhou, a 24-year-old lady of Tujia ethnic group, is China's youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang'e-5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, described as a key role.
In Wenchang space launch site, though she is only 1.58 meters and looks “mini”， she is called “big sister” for her powerful “core and energy”. Since senior high, she has dreamed of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her aerospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of the “Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle.
Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews as she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了参与“嫦娥五号”探月工程、目前中国最年轻的女航天指挥员周承钰为实现航天梦而不断努力的故事。
1．Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang'e at the beginning of the passage
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To give an example.
C．To tell a romantic story.
D．To spread Chinese culture.
解析：选A 推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了嫦娥奔月的神话故事；第二段首句“For this reason, China's mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure.”引出文章的主题：参与中国“嫦娥五号”探月工程的女航天指挥员为实现航空梦而努力的故事。由此可知，文章第一段提到嫦娥奔月的神话是为了引出主题。故选A项。
2．What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace
A．Her youth and beauty.
B．Her pictures on the media.
C．Her identity of Tujia ethnic group.
D．Her performance in the moon-landing program.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“for her work on the Chang'e-5 lunar exploration program with comments about how she is a ‘frontline soldier in the field of aerospace’ that young Chinese can look up to”可知，周女士在登月计划中的优异表现让人们认为她是年轻人在航天领域的先锋。故选D项。
3．Why did Ms Zhou reject the media's invitation to interviews
A．Because she was too shy.
B．Because she was not available.
C．Because she feared her fame might affect her career.
D．Because she considered fame nothing but a burden.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews as she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.”可知，周女士拒绝媒体采访是因为她不想让名声妨碍她的工作。故选C项。
4．What can we learn from Ms Zhou's story
A．Attitude is altitude.
B．The early bird catches the worms.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Diligence makes up for inability.
解析：选A 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是第四段中的“To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges.”可知，周女士为了实现自己的航天梦，付出了很大的决心和努力。A项(态度决定高度)符合文意。
B
Find Your Adventure at the Space
and Aviation (航空) Center
If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www. oursac.com.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文中作者介绍了一个航空航天中心培训项目的情况，包括各种徽章的取得，太空技能、航空知识的掌握以及探险和合作精神的养成等。其目的在于激发人们的航天梦，让人们积极参与进来。
5．Why do people come to SAC
A．To experience adventures.
B．To look for jobs in aviation.
C．To get a degree in engineering.
D．To learn more about medicine.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据本文标题以及第一段第一句“If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.”可知，人们去航空航天中心是为了寻找独特的太空冒险项目，故选A。
6．To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to ________.
A．fly to space
B．get an Aviation badge first
C．study the principles of flight
D．build and fire model rockets
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets”可知，参加培训的人为了得到太空探险荣誉徽章需要建造和发射火箭模型，故选D。
7．What is the most important for trainees
A．Leadership. B．Team spirit.
C．Task planning. D．Survival skills.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第四段可知，在所有的培训项目中，团队合作精神最为重要。故选B。
C
The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains：the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.
One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters：the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth-based telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange,_winding_marks. Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.
Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters have relatively simple shapes. They have round-edged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl-shaped insides, and depths that are about one-sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出月球经历了独特而复杂的地质历史，呈现出惊人的外观。文中详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别。
8．What does the text mainly discuss
A．The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.
B．Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon.
C．The origin of the moon's craters.
D．Techniques used to discover the moon's land forms.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The moon, which has experienced ... the Terrace (bright highlands)．”并结合文章详细介绍了月球的地表特征以及区别可知，本文主要介绍了月球的地表特征。故选B。
9．Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned
A．To confirm earlier theories about the moon's surface.
B．To reveal that previous ideas about the moon's craters were unreasonable.
C．To provide detailed information about the moon's surface.
D．To identify how the moon's craters were made.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The contrast in the reflectivity ... Surveyor and Apollo.”可推知，提到“勘测者”和“阿波罗”是为了证实先前关于月球表面的理论。故选 A。
10．The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in Paragraph 3 as an example of ________.
A．an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions
B．a characteristic of large craters
C．a discovery made through the use of earth-based telescopes
D．features that astronomers observed to be common to the earth and the moon
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Earth-based telescopes can recognize ... winding marks.”可推知，作者在第三段中提到“奇怪的、曲折的标记”是作为一个使用地面望远镜进行发现的例子。故选C。
11．The last paragraph probably continues with______.
A．some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed
B．the different shapes small craters can have
C．the reasons craters are difficult to study
D．the description of some features of large craters
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，最后一段可能会继续描述一些大型陨石坑的特征。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Life on Mars: Is it really possible
Now that curiosity is beaming back Earth-like pictures of Martian landscapes, the old question raises its head: could man and woman ever go there The answer is, very definitely yes. There are a number of practical challenges to overcome first, however. There are differences between Earth and Mars, but also a number of similarities. __1__
Phobos and Deimos
Unlike Earth, Mars does not have a polar magnetic field. Scientists believe that the two Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, are captured little planets. __2__
__3__
For the annual IGEM or International Genetically Engineered Machines competition, students around the world attempt to make living cells perform new tasks. In preparation for the human colonisation of Mars, seeds and organic matter would have to be transported from Earth to begin growing plants and establishing a food supply.
Super-sized Bees
Plants need pollinators as well as water, and the best pollinator on Earth is the humble bee — and entire hives would be transported to Mars. __4__ However, without natural predators, they could grow very large, indeed.
Overcoming Challenges — Opening Possibilities
There will be other challenges to overcome, for example, the effect on the human body of living in a field of lower gravity. __5__ Right now, we ought to welcome the challenges. The more challenges we overcome now, the more prepared we will be for moving out of our solar system and into the grand, universal adventure that is ahead of us.
A．IGEM
B．The next question is: could man colonize Mars
C．Once there, the insects would be let loose among the plants.
D．However, all kinds of other, interesting things will be happening.
E．But these are already issues for astronauts living on the International Space Station.
F．They do not have the stabilising effect on the spin of the planet like the moon has upon Earth.
G．Mars has Earth-like seasons and the planet surface is abundant in minerals essential for plant growth.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，通过对比介绍火星与地球上生物及环境的异同，论证了将来人类登上火星生活的可能性。
1．选G 上句中介绍地球与火星有不同但也有相似之处，下面应具体举例。G项表达了火星拥有与地球相似的季节和植物生长所必需的矿物质，因此答案为G。
2．选F 上文中提到科学家认为Phobos和Deimos是火星的月亮，但其实是两颗小行星，因此它们对火星的旋转没有月亮对地球一样的平衡作用。因此答案为F。
3．选A 第三段主要介绍了为了向火星上运输种子和有机物质，每年各地的学生都会参加IGEM比赛，由此可知本段的小标题应为A项。
4．选C 上文中提到为了把传粉者蜜蜂运到火星上，要把完整的蜂巢运过去，下面应介绍到达火星以后会发生什么，因此答案为C。
5．选E 上面一句提到到火星后将面对重力较小的问题，这正好是国际空间站的宇航员们遇到过的问题，因此答案为E。UNIT 4 课时跟踪检测（一） 阅读理解专项练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Most Chinese know the story of the mythological Chang'e, the Chinese goddess of the moon. It's a story about a woman who takes an immortality pill and flies to the moon. It is told every year during China's Mid-Autumn Festival, so people can't hear the word “Chang'e” without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess.
For this reason, China's mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure. Therefore, pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang'e-5 lunar exploration program with comments about how she is a “frontline soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to.
Ms Zhou, a 24-year-old lady of Tujia ethnic group, is China's youngest ever space commander. She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang'e-5 lunar probe on 24 November, in charge of the rocket connector system, described as a key role.
In Wenchang space launch site, though she is only 1.58 meters and looks “mini”， she is called “big sister” for her powerful “core and energy”. Since senior high, she has dreamed of being a member of a space research team. With her great efforts, she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014, making her aerospace dream come true. To grow into a commander, in two and a half years, she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work, each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges. In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people, she worked for 60 days until the completion of the “Long March 5 rocket goes around” battle.
Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets. However, it has not appeared to have much of an effect on her. According to the media, she declined repeated requests for interviews as she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.
1．Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang'e at the beginning of the passage
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To give an example.
C．To tell a romantic story.
D．To spread Chinese culture.
2．What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace
A．Her youth and beauty.
B．Her pictures on the media.
C．Her identity of Tujia ethnic group.
D．Her performance in the moon-landing program.
3．Why did Ms Zhou reject the media's invitation to interviews
A．Because she was too shy.
B．Because she was not available.
C．Because she feared her fame might affect her career.
D．Because she considered fame nothing but a burden.
4．What can we learn from Ms Zhou's story
A．Attitude is altitude.
B．The early bird catches the worms.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Diligence makes up for inability.
B
Find Your Adventure at the Space
and Aviation (航空) Center
If you're looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be.The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-on tasks and lots of fun.
More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real-world applications for what they're studying in the classroom.
For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges (荣誉徽章). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit (驾驶舱) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.
With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.
Stay an hour or stay a week — there is something here for everyone!
For more details, please visit us online at www. oursac.com.
5．Why do people come to SAC
A．To experience adventures.
B．To look for jobs in aviation.
C．To get a degree in engineering.
D．To learn more about medicine.
6．To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to ________.
A．fly to space
B．get an Aviation badge first
C．study the principles of flight
D．build and fire model rockets
7．What is the most important for trainees
A．Leadership. B．Team spirit.
C．Task planning. D．Survival skills.
C
The moon, which has experienced a distinct and complex geological history, presents a striking appearance. The moon may be divided into two major terrains：the Maria (dark lowlands) and the Terrace (bright highlands). The contrast in the reflectivity (the capability of reflecting light) of these two terrains suggested to many early observers that the two terrains might have different compositions, and this assumption was confirmed by missions to the moon such as Surveyor and Apollo.
One of the most obvious differences between the terrains is the smoothness of the Maria in contrast to the roughness of the highlands. This roughness is mostly caused by the abundance of craters：the highlands are completely covered by large craters, while the craters of the Maria tend to be much smaller. It is now known that the vast majority of the moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.
Most of the near side of the moon was thoroughly mapped and studied from telescopic pictures years before the age of space exploration. Earth-based telescopes can recognize objects as small as a few hundred meters on the lunar surface. Close observation of craters, combined with the way the moon diffusely reflects sunlight, led to the understanding that the moon is covered by a surface layer with strange,_winding_marks. Although various land forms were discovered, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed on craters and their origins.
Astronomers have known for a fairly long time that the shape of craters changes as they increase in size. Small craters have relatively simple shapes. They have round-edged tops that are raised above the surrounding terrain, smooth, bowl-shaped insides, and depths that are about one-sixth their diameters. The complexity of shape increases for larger craters.
8．What does the text mainly discuss
A．The aim of the Surveyor and Apollo space missions.
B．Characteristics of the major terrains of the moon.
C．The origin of the moon's craters.
D．Techniques used to discover the moon's land forms.
9．Why are the Surveyor and Apollo missions mentioned
A．To confirm earlier theories about the moon's surface.
B．To reveal that previous ideas about the moon's craters were unreasonable.
C．To provide detailed information about the moon's surface.
D．To identify how the moon's craters were made.
10．The author mentions “strange, winding marks” in Paragraph 3 as an example of ________.
A．an aspect of the lunar surface discovered through lunar missions
B．a characteristic of large craters
C．a discovery made through the use of earth-based telescopes
D．features that astronomers observed to be common to the earth and the moon
11．The last paragraph probably continues with______.
A．some difference in the ways small and large craters were formed
B．the different shapes small craters can have
C．the reasons craters are difficult to study
D．the description of some features of large craters
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Life on Mars: Is it really possible
Now that curiosity is beaming back Earth-like pictures of Martian landscapes, the old question raises its head: could man and woman ever go there The answer is, very definitely yes. There are a number of practical challenges to overcome first, however. There are differences between Earth and Mars, but also a number of similarities. __1__
Phobos and Deimos
Unlike Earth, Mars does not have a polar magnetic field. Scientists believe that the two Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, are captured little planets. __2__
__3__
For the annual IGEM or International Genetically Engineered Machines competition, students around the world attempt to make living cells perform new tasks. In preparation for the human colonisation of Mars, seeds and organic matter would have to be transported from Earth to begin growing plants and establishing a food supply.
Super-sized Bees
Plants need pollinators as well as water, and the best pollinator on Earth is the humble bee — and entire hives would be transported to Mars. __4__ However, without natural predators, they could grow very large, indeed.
Overcoming Challenges — Opening Possibilities
There will be other challenges to overcome, for example, the effect on the human body of living in a field of lower gravity. __5__ Right now, we ought to welcome the challenges. The more challenges we overcome now, the more prepared we will be for moving out of our solar system and into the grand, universal adventure that is ahead of us.
A．IGEM
B．The next question is: could man colonize Mars
C．Once there, the insects would be let loose among the plants.
D．However, all kinds of other, interesting things will be happening.
E．But these are already issues for astronauts living on the International Space Station.
F．They do not have the stabilising effect on the spin of the planet like the moon has upon Earth.
G．Mars has Earth-like seasons and the planet surface is abundant in minerals essential for plant growth.
