UNIT 4 单元验收评价(二)——仿真高考检测
(时间100分钟，满分120分)
第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Astronomy lovers were not the only ones that were excited about the anniversary of the moon landing; publishers also offered a number of books to mark the event.
Shoot for the Moon
James Donovan
Little, Brown and Company, $30
This retelling of the space race begins with the Soviet Union's Sputnik satellite in 1957 to the historic Apollo 11 program twelve years later.The book offers details about the characters of the spacemen, engineers and others who made the US space program a success.
One Giant Leap
Charles Fishman
Simon & Schuster, $29.99
Getting to the moon required a million hours of work, this book says.Accordingly, the story centers on the engineers, project managers and others who worked long and hard to get the Apollo program off the ground.
Picturing Apollo 11
J．L. Pickering and John Bisney
The University Press of Florida, $45
Packed with hundreds of photos (some are published for the first time), this book reads like a photo book of the Apollo 11 program.The photos are moments of spacemen training, as well as the excitement of lift-off, the historic landing and the return of the three men.
Apollo's Legacy
Roger D．Launius
Smithsonian Books, $27.95
A space historian examines the Apollo program in different ways: as a political (政治的) machine in the Cold War and an important cultural moment.The book explores different views on the US moonshot project from scientists, politicians, the media and the public during the space race and beyond.
1．What is Shoot for the Moon mainly about
A．The history of the space race.
B．The lift-off of two satellites.
C．The cooperation of different countries.
D．Humans' understanding of the moon.
2．Whose book shows the Apollo 11 program through pictures
A．James Donovan's.
B．Charles Fishman's.
C．J.L. Pickering and John Bisney's.
D．Roger D．Launius's.
3．Which book talks about different views on the Apollo program
A．Shoot for the Moon.
B．One Giant Leap.
C．Picturing Apollo 11.
D．Apollo's Legacy.
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago.He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made.The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem.He could not figure it out.Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it.He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆形)．
Then Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit.Yet their appearance had been 74 to 79 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley.Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought.He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain though to make a prediction of what would happen in the future.He decided that this would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before.Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honour.
4．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ________.
A．some different comets appearing several times
B．the same comet appearing at different times
C．three different comets appearing at the same time
D．several comets appearing at the same time
5．Halley made his discovery__________.
A．by doing experiments
B．by means of his own careful observation
C．by using the work of other scientists
D．by chance
6．When did Halley make a surprising, but correct prediction
A．In 1704. B．In 1705.
C．In 1706. D．In 1707.
7．This passage in general is about________.
A．Halley and other scientists
B．the orbit of a comet
C．Newton and Halley
D．Halley and his discovery
C
Of all the planets, none has captured (吸引) the world's imagination like Mars.Its reddish (淡红的) colour and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, a television science series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars.Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H．G.Wells' The War of the Worlds.Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, an American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars.Wells described Martians as threatening.Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works.Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today, Mars continues to excite humans — not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.Space scientists have collected a wealth of (大量的) information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian's “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it.Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland, brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma.They heard about Mars and its geology (地质) from experts.They could see a test version of the Viking landers that reached Mars in July of 1976.They also saw meteorites (陨石) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet.Eight-year-old Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right.He said, “It's actually orange more than red and it's also kind of brown.” Emma is six.She learned about that volcanic (火山引起的) activity that has shaped the surface of Mars.She said, “The closest thing to Mars — the stuff — is from volcanoes mostly.”
“Mars Day” offered Allison and Alycia's children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
8．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Why Martians were considered threatening.
B．Why Mars has captured the world's imagination.
C．What people generally thought of Mars in the past.
D．How H．G. Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
9．It is implied in Paragraph 3 that________.
A．today's space scientists still know nothing about Mars
B．today's space scientists are very interested in Mars
C．science fiction films are no longer set in Mars
D．space scientists haven't made any progress in knowing Mars
10．Sam would probably agree that ________.
A．Mars is not really red
B．no meteorites have come from Mars
C．Mars cannot be described as a little brown
D．the ancient description of Mars color is true
11．What is the writer's attitude towards the idea that humans will set foot on Mars
A．He thinks it may happen in this year.
B．He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C．He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.
D．He thinks it may happen in the following decades.
D
Some people will say that you can place a value on anything. We may know the price of milk. We can also find out the value of the most expensive building in the world. Do you think it is possible to put a price on the Earth or other planets
You probably think this is impossible. Scientist Greg Laughlin thought differently. In March 2009, NASA sent the Kepler telescope into space to explore the Milky Way galaxy and to find Earth-sized planets orbiting (环绕) other stars. As there are billions of stars within the Milky Way, it could mean there were several thousand planets to discover. How could scientists decide which ones to study further and which ones to take no notice of
Professor Laughlin used information received from the Kepler telescope to create a formula (公式) that puts a price on planets. The age and size of each planet, its temperature, and the energy it created were considered. Older planets were given a higher value. The most important consideration was whether or not it may be possible for life to live on the planet.
By using his formula, Professor Laughlin found that planet Earth was the most important. He gave it a value of five quadrillion (千的五次幂) dollars. Mars was given a value of US$16,500 and Venus was valued at zero.That's because it's impossible to support life on Venus because it is too close to the Sun. The professor said that any planet that had a value of more than US $100 million was worth studying further.
By November 2018, about 1,200 planets in total had been looked at. Most of them were worthless because of their unsatisfactory conditions. So should you run to the bank and borrow US $16,500 so you can buy Mars Maybe not today. You should just enjoy the five quadrillion dollar planet you already live on — and learn how to look after it.
12．What purpose does the first paragraph serve
A．To describe the prices of different things.
B．To bring up the topic of values of planets.
C．To introduce a scientific question.
D．To show a research result.
13．What part of Laughlin's formula carries the most value
A．A planet's temperature.
B．A planet's age and size.
C．The amount of energy a planet creates.
D．The possibility for life to live on a planet.
14．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Venus was valueless.
B．Venus is too close to the Sun.
C．Mars was much cheaper than Earth.
D．A planet was usually valued at over US $100 million.
15．What does the writer expect people to do in the last paragraph
A．To study space science.
B．To protect and love Earth.
C．To save money to travel in space.
D．To support scientific organizations.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Long before we had airplanes, people had been experimenting with different flying machines. We still use some of those flying machines today. __16__
Hot-air balloons and gliders (滑翔机) use air currents (气流) for movement. Hot-air balloon pilots control their aircraft by going up or down into air currents that move the balloon. The pilot controls the balloon's movement by heating the air inside the balloon, or by allowing it to cool naturally. __17__ Small planes pull gliders along a runway to help them take off. But once in the air, gliders use the currents, not an engine, to move. Their long wings and strong body give riders a safe, smooth flight. __18__
Helicopters (直升机) first appeared during World War Ⅱ. A helicopter doesn't have wings, but, like an airplane, it has an engine that makes its blades (螺旋桨) move at high speeds. This allows the helicopter to rise into the sky. __19__ But helicopters can stay in one place in the sky for a long time. Today helicopters are mostly used by medical teams and the army. But you can also take a helicopter ride for fun. __20__
So before your next aircraft ride, remember that airplanes aren't the only way to fly.
A．An airplane has to keep moving.
B．Gliders also use air currents to rise and glide.
C．Learning to fly a helicopter isn't a simple task.
D．Hot-air balloons and gliders are most often used for fun.
E．Some depend on air for movement, while others use engines.
F．Many tourist attractions offer helicopter rides for sightseeing.
G．Every flying machine has its own special characteristics, some good, some not so good.
第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life. I wanted to live brightly and loudly and make sharp memories instead of the __21__ ones of everyday life. But I was __22__. I had never had any __23__ in myself. As a child, even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of __24__， and even though I did get better as I got older, I never quite __25__ that childhood shyness.
And I tried everything, __26__ none of them really helped.
So I __27__ that the small steps weren't enough. I signed up for an internship of teaching English in Vietnam, an __28__ huge step, one that __29__ me as much as it excited me. I was alone in a country where the food was __30__ and the streets were unfamiliar.I had no idea whether I would be able to __31__ everything that this very strange environment would __32__ at me.
I spent five months in Vietnam, teaching，exploring and laughing.I'd learned to __33__ myself, my skills, my abilities and my decisions. I returned home __34__， even to myself, let alone to others. The fear that had controlled my life and the self-doubt were __35__.
21．A.bitter B．clear
C．grey D．sweet
22．A.proud B．innocent
C．outgoing D．afraid
23．A.pride B．confidence
C．interest D．shame
24．A.stress B．excitement
C．confusion D．surprise
25．A.added to B．talked about
C．got over D．suffered from
26．A.still B．and
C．even D．but
27．A.figured B．promised
C．predicted D．disagreed
28．A.equally B．impossibly
C．unnecessarily D．occasionally
29．A.ignored B．impressed
C．annoyed D．terrified
30．A.nice B．colorful
C．strange D．inadequate
31．A.doubt B．handle
C．quit D．obtain
32．A.point B．throw
C．shout D．aim
33．A.trust B．enjoy
C．excuse D．forgive
34．A.unconcerned B．unsatisfied
C．unchangeable D．unrecognizable
35．A.picked up B．forgotten about
C．worn off D．put off
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The International Space Station (ISS) is an __36__ (extreme) high-tech spacecraft.It's packed with advanced instruments and the fact __37__ it's basically a floating science lab tells you all you need __38__ (know) about how important it is to NASA, the European Space Agency, and Russia's Roscosmos.But, like any machine, it needs some love every now and then, and a couple of __39__ (spacewalk) will provide the ISS __40__ some much-needed upgrades.
According to __41__ schedule provided by NASA, the first took place on June 26th and the other __42__ (happen) on July 1st.During both spacewalks, astronauts were tasked with __43__ (change) old and outdated batteries to new, higher-capacity batteries.
The ISS uses a great amount of power, and it has a solar power array (太阳能阵列) to provide that power.However, because the space station completes over ten trips around the Earth every single day, the spacecraft is often covered by the shadow __44__ (produce) by our planet.During those dark moments, the space station maintains its power supply by using juice __45__ is saved in its batteries.The old, outdated batteries are in need of replacement, and work on the project began three years ago.
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校英文报的Astronomy栏目正在举办征文比赛，你寒假参加过王教授在你市科技博物馆举办的天文知识讲座。请你根据自己的经历写一篇短文给该报投稿，内容包括：
1．参加讲座的经历；
2．参加讲座后的心得体会。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：讲座 lecture
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a cold windy day, a poor boy tried to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door. Wandering on the street, he was not a successful seller. What's worse, he found that he only has one dime (一角硬币) left. His empty stomach reminded him constantly that for days he hadn't eaten anything. He had no choice but to beg for a meal at the next house. Hesitantly he knocked at the door, thinking about what to say when it opened. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. “What can I do for you？” asked the young woman. The boy paused for a while. “Would you please give me some ...a drink of water？” the boy dared not look directly into her eyes. She looked at the bony boy and thought he might need something to give him energy, so she brought him a glass of milk. His head rising and small hands taking the cup, he drank it up slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you？” “You don't owe me anything，” She replied with a warm smile on her face. “My mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” Deeply moved, he said sincerely, “Then I shall thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in life and the whole human race. As a matter of fact, he was about to give up and quit before that point.
Years later, the young woman became seriously ill. However, the local doctors were unable to give the effective medical treatment. Finally they sent her to a hospital in the big city, where specialists can be called in to cure her rare disease. Among these famous specialists, Dr Howard Kelly was called in for the consultation(会诊). When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
Dressed in his doctor's gown (长袍), he went in to see her.
Paragraph 2：
The bill was sent to her room. UNIT 4 单元验收评价(二)——仿真高考检测
(时间100分钟，满分120分)
第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Astronomy lovers were not the only ones that were excited about the anniversary of the moon landing; publishers also offered a number of books to mark the event.
Shoot for the Moon
James Donovan
Little, Brown and Company, $30
This retelling of the space race begins with the Soviet Union's Sputnik satellite in 1957 to the historic Apollo 11 program twelve years later.The book offers details about the characters of the spacemen, engineers and others who made the US space program a success.
One Giant Leap
Charles Fishman
Simon & Schuster, $29.99
Getting to the moon required a million hours of work, this book says.Accordingly, the story centers on the engineers, project managers and others who worked long and hard to get the Apollo program off the ground.
Picturing Apollo 11
J．L. Pickering and John Bisney
The University Press of Florida, $45
Packed with hundreds of photos (some are published for the first time), this book reads like a photo book of the Apollo 11 program.The photos are moments of spacemen training, as well as the excitement of lift-off, the historic landing and the return of the three men.
Apollo's Legacy
Roger D．Launius
Smithsonian Books, $27.95
A space historian examines the Apollo program in different ways: as a political (政治的) machine in the Cold War and an important cultural moment.The book explores different views on the US moonshot project from scientists, politicians, the media and the public during the space race and beyond.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于登陆月球的书籍。
1．What is Shoot for the Moon mainly about
A．The history of the space race.
B．The lift-off of two satellites.
C．The cooperation of different countries.
D．Humans' understanding of the moon.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据Shoot for the Moon部分中的“This retelling of the space race begins with the Soviet Union's Sputnik satellite in 1957 to the historic Apollo 11 program twelve years later.”可知，Shoot for the Moon 主要是关于太空竞赛的历史。故选A项。
2．Whose book shows the Apollo 11 program through pictures
A．James Donovan's.
B．Charles Fishman's.
C．J.L. Pickering and John Bisney's.
D．Roger D．Launius's.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Picturing Apollo 11部分中的“Packed with hundreds of photos (some are published for the first time), this book reads like a photo book of the Apollo 11 program.”可知，J.L.皮克林和约翰·比斯尼的书通过图片展示阿波罗计划。故选C项。
3．Which book talks about different views on the Apollo program
A．Shoot for the Moon.
B．One Giant Leap.
C．Picturing Apollo 11.
D．Apollo's Legacy.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据Apollo's Legacy部分中的“A space historian examines the Apollo program in different ways”可知，Apollo's Legacy从不同的角度解释阿波罗计划。故选D项。
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago.He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made.The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem.He could not figure it out.Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it.He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆形)．
Then Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit.Yet their appearance had been 74 to 79 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley.Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought.He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain though to make a prediction of what would happen in the future.He decided that this would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before.Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honour.
语篇解读：本文介绍了哈雷以及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。
4．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ________.
A．some different comets appearing several times
B．the same comet appearing at different times
C．three different comets appearing at the same time
D．several comets appearing at the same time
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.”及上文提到的看到彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年和1682年可知，B项正确。
5．Halley made his discovery__________.
A．by doing experiments
B．by means of his own careful observation
C．by using the work of other scientists
D．by chance
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made.”以及第三段中的“He figured out the orbits ...by scientists.”可知，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观测结果时得出来的。故选C项。
6．When did Halley make a surprising, but correct prediction
A．In 1704. B．In 1705.
C．In 1706. D．In 1707.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He decided that this would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”可知，哈雷预测彗星会在1758年出现，而这需要过53年才能得到验证，即1758－53＝1705，故选B项
7．This passage in general is about________.
A．Halley and other scientists
B．the orbit of a comet
C．Newton and Halley
D．Halley and his discovery
解析：选D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了科学家哈雷及他是如何发现哈雷彗星的。故选D项。
C
Of all the planets, none has captured (吸引) the world's imagination like Mars.Its reddish (淡红的) colour and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.
In Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, a television science series from the 1980s, scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional ideas about Mars.Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer H．G.Wells' The War of the Worlds.Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, an American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars.Wells described Martians as threatening.Lowell imagined them as the hopeful engineers of great works.Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.
Today, Mars continues to excite humans — not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.Space scientists have collected a wealth of (大量的) information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on and dug into the Martian surface.
The Smithsonian's “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it.Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland, brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma.They heard about Mars and its geology (地质) from experts.They could see a test version of the Viking landers that reached Mars in July of 1976.They also saw meteorites (陨石) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet.Eight-year-old Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right.He said, “It's actually orange more than red and it's also kind of brown.” Emma is six.She learned about that volcanic (火山引起的) activity that has shaped the surface of Mars.She said, “The closest thing to Mars — the stuff — is from volcanoes mostly.”
“Mars Day” offered Allison and Alycia's children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在“火星日”，人们可以对火星有更好的认识和了解。
8．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Why Martians were considered threatening.
B．Why Mars has captured the world's imagination.
C．What people generally thought of Mars in the past.
D．How H．G. Wells got the idea for his science fiction.
解析：选C 段落大意题。通读第二段可知，这一段主要是讲人们过去对火星的一些传统认识，故选C。
9．It is implied in Paragraph 3 that________.
A．today's space scientists still know nothing about Mars
B．today's space scientists are very interested in Mars
C．science fiction films are no longer set in Mars
D．space scientists haven't made any progress in knowing Mars
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Today, Mars continues to excite humans — not as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.Space scientists have collected a wealth of (大量的) information ...”可推断现在的航空科学家们对火星很感兴趣。
10．Sam would probably agree that ________.
A．Mars is not really red
B．no meteorites have come from Mars
C．Mars cannot be described as a little brown
D．the ancient description of Mars color is true
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“He said, ‘It's actually orange more than red and it's also kind of brown.’”可知，Sam认为火星并不是红色的，而是橘黄色甚至带点褐色，故选A。
11．What is the writer's attitude towards the idea that humans will set foot on Mars
A．He thinks it may happen in this year.
B．He thinks it will always remain a dream.
C．He thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.
D．He thinks it may happen in the following decades.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据末段的“...a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes.”可知，作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。
D
Some people will say that you can place a value on anything. We may know the price of milk. We can also find out the value of the most expensive building in the world. Do you think it is possible to put a price on the Earth or other planets
You probably think this is impossible. Scientist Greg Laughlin thought differently. In March 2009, NASA sent the Kepler telescope into space to explore the Milky Way galaxy and to find Earth-sized planets orbiting (环绕) other stars. As there are billions of stars within the Milky Way, it could mean there were several thousand planets to discover. How could scientists decide which ones to study further and which ones to take no notice of
Professor Laughlin used information received from the Kepler telescope to create a formula (公式) that puts a price on planets. The age and size of each planet, its temperature, and the energy it created were considered. Older planets were given a higher value. The most important consideration was whether or not it may be possible for life to live on the planet.
By using his formula, Professor Laughlin found that planet Earth was the most important. He gave it a value of five quadrillion (千的五次幂) dollars. Mars was given a value of US$16,500 and Venus was valued at zero.That's because it's impossible to support life on Venus because it is too close to the Sun. The professor said that any planet that had a value of more than US $100 million was worth studying further.
By November 2018, about 1,200 planets in total had been looked at. Most of them were worthless because of their unsatisfactory conditions. So should you run to the bank and borrow US $16,500 so you can buy Mars Maybe not today. You should just enjoy the five quadrillion dollar planet you already live on — and learn how to look after it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家Greg Laughlin建立了一个公式，来给行星定价，估算它们的价值，作者也通过文章呼吁大家爱护地球。
12．What purpose does the first paragraph serve
A．To describe the prices of different things.
B．To bring up the topic of values of planets.
C．To introduce a scientific question.
D．To show a research result.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段首句和尾句可推知，文章第一段阐述了一些人的观点，通过提出“能否给地球或其他行星定价”这一问题，来引出有关行星价值的话题。故选B项。
13．What part of Laughlin's formula carries the most value
A．A planet's temperature.
B．A planet's age and size.
C．The amount of energy a planet creates.
D．The possibility for life to live on a planet.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第三段尾句可知，Laughlin的公式最有价值的一部分是生命在行星上生存的可能性。故选D项。
14．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Venus was valueless.
B．Venus is too close to the Sun.
C．Mars was much cheaper than Earth.
D．A planet was usually valued at over US $100 million.
解析：选A 代词指代题。根据画线词上文“Venus was valued at zero”以及下文“because it's impossible to support life on Venus because it is too close to the Sun”可推知，画线词“That”指代的是上文提及的“金星没有价值”这件事。故选A项。
15．What does the writer expect people to do in the last paragraph
A．To study space science.
B．To protect and love Earth.
C．To save money to travel in space.
D．To support scientific organizations.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“learn how to look after it”可推知，作者呼吁我们要保护和热爱地球。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Long before we had airplanes, people had been experimenting with different flying machines. We still use some of those flying machines today. __16__
Hot-air balloons and gliders (滑翔机) use air currents (气流) for movement. Hot-air balloon pilots control their aircraft by going up or down into air currents that move the balloon. The pilot controls the balloon's movement by heating the air inside the balloon, or by allowing it to cool naturally. __17__ Small planes pull gliders along a runway to help them take off. But once in the air, gliders use the currents, not an engine, to move. Their long wings and strong body give riders a safe, smooth flight. __18__
Helicopters (直升机) first appeared during World War Ⅱ. A helicopter doesn't have wings, but, like an airplane, it has an engine that makes its blades (螺旋桨) move at high speeds. This allows the helicopter to rise into the sky. __19__ But helicopters can stay in one place in the sky for a long time. Today helicopters are mostly used by medical teams and the army. But you can also take a helicopter ride for fun. __20__
So before your next aircraft ride, remember that airplanes aren't the only way to fly.
A．An airplane has to keep moving.
B．Gliders also use air currents to rise and glide.
C．Learning to fly a helicopter isn't a simple task.
D．Hot-air balloons and gliders are most often used for fun.
E．Some depend on air for movement, while others use engines.
F．Many tourist attractions offer helicopter rides for sightseeing.
G．Every flying machine has its own special characteristics, some good, some not so good.
语篇解读：本文是说明文，主要介绍了除了常见的飞机，还有许多飞行器能带人们飞上天空。
16．选E 由下文可知，作者按照飞行器的飞行原理(靠气流或引擎飞行)进行了分类和介绍，因此E项符合语境。
17．选B 本空之前的话题是hot-air balloons，之后的话题是gliders，因此本空起着引出新话题gliders的作用，B项符合要求。
18．选D 第二段和第三段分别介绍了不同飞行器的飞行原理和主要用途，本空与第三段的最后一部分介绍直升机的主要用途相照应，应介绍热气球和滑翔机的主要用途，故选D项。
19．选A 上文介绍直升机与飞机的相同之处——靠引擎飞行，A项内容与下文中的“But helicopters can stay in one place in the sky for a long time.”形成转折关系，介绍直升机和飞机的不同之处。
20．选F F项承接上文中的“you can also take a helicopter ride for fun”，说明许多景点提供乘坐直升机观光的服务。
第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life. I wanted to live brightly and loudly and make sharp memories instead of the __21__ ones of everyday life. But I was __22__. I had never had any __23__ in myself. As a child, even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of __24__， and even though I did get better as I got older, I never quite __25__ that childhood shyness.
And I tried everything, __26__ none of them really helped.
So I __27__ that the small steps weren't enough. I signed up for an internship of teaching English in Vietnam, an __28__ huge step, one that __29__ me as much as it excited me. I was alone in a country where the food was __30__ and the streets were unfamiliar.I had no idea whether I would be able to __31__ everything that this very strange environment would __32__ at me.
I spent five months in Vietnam, teaching，exploring and laughing.I'd learned to __33__ myself, my skills, my abilities and my decisions. I returned home __34__， even to myself, let alone to others. The fear that had controlled my life and the self-doubt were __35__.
语篇解读：本文主要讲述了作者通过去异国他乡支教从而找到自信，改变人生的励志故事。
21．A.bitter B．clear
C．grey D．sweet
解析：选C 根据上文中的“brightly”和“make sharp memories”以及下文内容可知，作者厌倦了这种沉闷的(grey)生活，想生活得更加精彩。
22．A.proud B．innocent
C．outgoing D．afraid
解析：选D 根据空前的“But”以及下文中的“childhood shyness”可推知，作者内心充满了恐惧(afraid)。
23．A.pride B．confidence
C．interest D．shame
解析：选B 根据下文中的“even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of ________”和“childhood shyness”可推知，作者一直以来对自己都缺乏信心(confidence)，与下文中的“And I tried everything, ________none of them really helped.”相呼应。
24．A.stress B．excitement
C．confusion D．surprise
解析：选A 根据空后的“even though I did get better as I got older”可推知，在孩童时期，去商店买东西都会给作者带来很多压力(stress)。
25．A.added to B．talked about
C．got over D．suffered from
解析：选C 根据空前的“never”可推知，作者一直都没有克服(got over)自己孩童时期的害羞。
26．A.still B．and
C．even D．but
解析：选D 根据句中的“none of them really helped”可推知，作者尽管尝试了很多方法，但是都无济于事。but表示转折。
27．A.figured B．promised
C．predicted D．disagreed
解析：选A 根据空前的“So”可推知，作者认为(figured)小的措施是不够的。
28．A.equally B．impossibly
C．unnecessarily D．occasionally
解析：选B 去越南支教对于一向缺乏自信的作者来讲的确是跨出了不可思议的(impossibly)一大步，故选B。
29．A.ignored B．impressed
C．annoyed D．terrified
解析：选D 此处与上文作者孩童时期的害羞以及尝试多种方法增强自信相呼应，故这样的决定让作者害怕(terrified)，同时又使作者激动万分。
30．A.nice B．colorful
C．strange D．inadequate
解析：选C 由下文中的“the streets were unfamiliar”和“this very strange environment”可推知，作者身处异国他乡，对那里的食物感到陌生(strange)。
31．A.doubt B．handle
C．quit D．obtain
解析：选B 根据语境可知，作者不知道自己是否能够应付(handle)这个完全陌生的环境抛(throw)给自己的一切。
32．A.point B．throw
C．shout D．aim
解析：选B 参见上题解析。throw at“朝……扔”。
33．A.trust B．enjoy
C．excuse D．forgive
解析：选A 与上文中的“And I tried everything”形成对比可推知，作者在越南支教期间学会了自信(trust oneself)。
34．A.unconcerned B．unsatisfied
C．unchangeable D．unrecognizable
解析：选D 根据语境可推知，作者从越南回来之后，发生了巨大的变化，几乎让人认不出了。unconcerned“不关心的”；unsatisfied“不满意的”；unchangeable“不可改变的”；unrecognizable“认不出来的”。
35．A.picked up B．forgotten about
C．worn off D．put off
解析：选C 作者从越南回来之后，发生了巨大的变化，自信满满，自我怀疑逐渐消失(worn off)。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The International Space Station (ISS) is an __36__ (extreme) high-tech spacecraft.It's packed with advanced instruments and the fact __37__ it's basically a floating science lab tells you all you need __38__ (know) about how important it is to NASA, the European Space Agency, and Russia's Roscosmos.But, like any machine, it needs some love every now and then, and a couple of __39__ (spacewalk) will provide the ISS __40__ some much-needed upgrades.
According to __41__ schedule provided by NASA, the first took place on June 26th and the other __42__ (happen) on July 1st.During both spacewalks, astronauts were tasked with __43__ (change) old and outdated batteries to new, higher-capacity batteries.
The ISS uses a great amount of power, and it has a solar power array (太阳能阵列) to provide that power.However, because the space station completes over ten trips around the Earth every single day, the spacecraft is often covered by the shadow __44__ (produce) by our planet.During those dark moments, the space station maintains its power supply by using juice __45__ is saved in its batteries.The old, outdated batteries are in need of replacement, and work on the project began three years ago.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际空间站的作用及重要性。
36．extremely 考查副词。空处修饰形容词high-tech，应用副词形式，故填extremely。
37．that 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个同位语从句，对fact的内容解释说明，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故填that。
38．to know 考查非谓语动词。need在肯定句中常用作实义动词，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，是固定搭配，故填to know。
39．spacewalks 考查名词复数。spacewalk是可数名词，根据a couple of可知，此处应用复数形式，故填spacewalks。
40．with 考查介词。provide sb.with sth.“为某人提供某物”，是固定搭配，故填with。
41．the 考查冠词。此处特指“NASA提供的时间表”，应用定冠词the，故填the。
42．happened 考查动词的时态。此处是and连接的两个简单句，前一个分句使用的是一般过去时，结合“on July 1st”可知，此处也用一般过去时，故填happened。
43．changing 考查非谓语动词。此处作介词with的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填changing。
44．produced 考查非谓语动词。此处应用非谓语形式，动词produce和逻辑主语the shadow之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填produced。
45．that/which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是juice，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用that或which引导，故填that/which。
第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校英文报的Astronomy栏目正在举办征文比赛，你寒假参加过王教授在你市科技博物馆举办的天文知识讲座。请你根据自己的经历写一篇短文给该报投稿，内容包括：
1．参加讲座的经历；
2．参加讲座后的心得体会。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：讲座 lecture
参考范文：
In the winter holiday, I attended a lecture on astronomy by Professor Wang in the Science and Technology Museum in our city.
In the lecture, I learned something about the solar system, an amazing world that I knew little about before.Professor Wang showed us a lot of pictures and videos, which made us have a sound knowledge of other planets.When the lecture was over, we got a chance to ask him some questions.
This valuable experience made me believe that there are still many secrets about the universe waiting to be explored.And I am determined to study harder and make a contribution to astronomy in the future.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a cold windy day, a poor boy tried to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door. Wandering on the street, he was not a successful seller. What's worse, he found that he only has one dime (一角硬币) left. His empty stomach reminded him constantly that for days he hadn't eaten anything. He had no choice but to beg for a meal at the next house. Hesitantly he knocked at the door, thinking about what to say when it opened. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. “What can I do for you？” asked the young woman. The boy paused for a while. “Would you please give me some ...a drink of water？” the boy dared not look directly into her eyes. She looked at the bony boy and thought he might need something to give him energy, so she brought him a glass of milk. His head rising and small hands taking the cup, he drank it up slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you？” “You don't owe me anything，” She replied with a warm smile on her face. “My mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness.” Deeply moved, he said sincerely, “Then I shall thank you from the bottom of my heart.” As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in life and the whole human race. As a matter of fact, he was about to give up and quit before that point.
Years later, the young woman became seriously ill. However, the local doctors were unable to give the effective medical treatment. Finally they sent her to a hospital in the big city, where specialists can be called in to cure her rare disease. Among these famous specialists, Dr Howard Kelly was called in for the consultation(会诊). When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
Dressed in his doctor's gown (长袍), he went in to see her.
Paragraph 2：
The bill was sent to her room.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
Dressed in his doctor's gown (长袍), he went in to see her. He saw her lie on the bed and recognized her at once. Her lovely face looked pale. He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life. From that day on, he gave special attention to her case. Luckily, after a long struggle, the battle was won. Doctor Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill for approval. He looked at it and then wrote something on the side.
Paragraph 2：
The bill was sent to her room. Hesitantly she took it. She was afraid to open it because she was sure that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off. Finally, she opened the bill, on the other side of which a note caught her attention. She read these words, “Paid in full with a glass of milk.” signed Dr Howard Kelly. Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently, “Thank you！”
