(共108张PPT)
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Section Ⅰ Topic Talk～Lesson 2
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．flood n． 洪水，水灾
2．living adj. 活的，活着的
3．weed n. 野草；海藻
4．deer n. 鹿
5．insect n. 昆虫
6．whale n. 鲸
7．shark n. 鲨(鱼)
8．eagle n. 鹰
9．fox n. 狐狸
10．soil n. 土壤
11．jungle n. (热带)丛林
12．title n. 题目，标题
13．wave n. 海浪；波涛
14．escape vi.& vt. 逃离；逃避
15．float vi. 浮；漂
16．file n. 档案，卷宗
17．soul n. 灵魂
18．edge n. 边缘
19．barrel n. 桶
20．extent n. 面积；长度；范围；程度
21．tube n. 圆管，管子；(伦敦)地铁
22．rescue n．&vt. 营救；救援
23．trap vt. 困住；使陷于危险中
24．damage n. 伤害，损伤，损害
25．site n. 场所，地点
26．battle n. 较量，竞争；斗争；战斗
27．duty n. 职责，义务；责任
28．lamp n. 灯
29．nearby adv. 附近
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
2．hurricane n. 飓风
3．landslide n. 滑坡；塌方
4．wildlife n. 野生动植物，野生生物
5．comment n. 评论；意见
6．landscape n. 风景，景色
7．dolphin n. 海豚
8．kangaroo n. 袋鼠
9．climate n. 气候
10．lecture n. 讲座，讲课；演讲
11．overuse vt. 过度使用；滥用
12．million n. 百万
13．greenhouse n. 温室，暖房
14．whirlpool n. 漩涡
15．descent n. 下降，下落
16．observation n. 观察；观察结果
17．vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆
18．attempt n．&vt. 努力，尝试，企图
19．overseas adv. 在海外，在外国
20．process n. 过程，进程
21．conduct vt. 实施；进行；执行
vi.&vt. 指挥
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．dry adj.干的；口渴的；枯燥无味的→ n．旱灾，干旱
2．volcano n．火山→ adj.火山的；由火山作用引起的
3．erupt v．爆发→ n．爆发
4．crowd n．人群→ adj.拥挤的；挤满人的
drought
volcanic
eruption
crowded
5．ecology n．生态；生态学→ n．生态学家→ adj.生态的
6．shock vt.使震惊；使难以置信→ adj.震惊的→ adj.令人震惊的
7．survive vi.& vt.活下来；幸存→ n．幸存，生存→________ n．幸存者，生还者
ecologist
ecological
shocked
shocking
survival
survivor
8．tide n．潮汐，潮水→ adj.潮汐的，潮水的
9．poet n．诗人→ n．诗→ n．诗歌；作诗的艺术→________ n．女诗人
10．mystery n．神秘事物，难以理解的事物→ adj.神秘的
11．fright n．恐怖；惊恐→ vt.(使)惊恐→ adj.受惊的，害怕的→ adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的
tidal
poem
poetry
poetess
mysterious
frighten
frightened
frightening
12．horror n．恐惧，害怕→ adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的→_________ adv.可怕地；非常地
13．curious adj.好奇的→ adv.好奇地；奇怪地→___________ n．好奇心
14．equal adj.相等的；相同的→ adv.平等地→ n．相等；平等
horrible
horribly
curiously
curiosity
equally
equality
15．interrupt vt.打断讲话→ n．打断
16．die vi.死→ adj.奄奄一息的→ adj.死的→ n．死，死亡
17．loss n．丧失；死亡→ vt.失去，丧失
18．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量→ n．测量；尺寸
19．operate v．使用，操作；经营；(使)运作；动手术→ n．行动，活动；手术；操作→ n．操作人员
interruption
dying
dead
death
lose
measurement
operation
operator
20．suffer v．遭受；忍受；经历→ n．(肉体或精神上的)痛苦；折磨
21．protect v．保护→ n．保护；防护
22．breath n．呼吸→ vi.&vt.呼吸
23．dust n．灰尘；尘埃→ adj.布满灰尘的
suffering
protection
breathe
dusty
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.-al后缀词巧集结
①tidal adj. 潮汐的，潮水的
②cultural adj. 文化的
③natural adj. 自然的
④proposal n. 提议
⑤arrival n. 到达
⑥refusal n. 拒绝
2.“自然灾害”要谨防
①landslide n． 滑坡；塌方
②hurricane n. 飓风
③earthquake n. 地震
④thunderstorm n. 雷暴
⑤flood n. 洪水
⑥tornado n. 龙卷风
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 对……置之不理，对……撒手不管
2． 被……盖满；充满着……
3． 忍受，遭受
4． 与某人分享
5． 使用，利用
turn one's back (on sb./sth.)
be covered with
suffer from
share with sb.
make use of
6． 受伤
7． 照顾；注意
8． 在……边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)
9． 突然
10． 营救，搭救；用车接某人；(偶然)学会
get hurt
take care of
on the edge of
all at once
pick up
11． 小于；少于
12． 吸气
13． 用完；耗尽
less than
breathe in
run out
[联想串记]
1.turn 短语积累
①turn one's back (on sb./sth.) 对……置之不理
②turn a deaf ear to 对……充耳不闻
③turn a blind eye to 对……视而不见
④turn over a new leaf 改过自新
2.“get＋过去分词”短语荟萃
①get hurt 受伤
②get changed 更衣
③get lost 迷路
④get dressed/undressed 穿上/脱下衣服
3.all 短语全览
①all at once 突然
②first of all 首先(强调顺序)
③all the time 始终，一直
④all of a sudden (＝suddenly) 突然
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．the＋比较级... ，the＋比较级...
教材原句 The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell ...
第一，物体越大，下落越快……
推荐佳句 (新教材译林版选择性必修4佳句)The more I learn, the better I know how much there is still left to learn.
我学得越多，我就越清楚还有多少东西要学。
2.the reason why ...is/was that ...
教材原句 As you can see, the reason why I'm here to tell the story is that I made the right decision.
如你所见，我能在这里讲这个故事正是因为我做了正确的决定。
推荐佳句 (2022·全国甲卷)The reason why we should protect oceans is that they are crucial for the global climate development.
我们保护海洋的理由是，海洋对全球气候发展至关重要。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
形体描写之“身”
Tommy bowed his head, turned around and went back home. He was moving faster and faster and finally he started to run. Strange energy filling his body made him feel like he could fly. When he finally stopped, he was breathing heavily, but he didn't feel tired. He smiled happily — it was a wonderful feeling. And nothing could stop it.
[点评] 本段中使用了“turned around, moving，run, filling his body, fly, stopped”等与身体有关的动作描写，刻画了Tommy在帮助他人之后的轻松愉快的心情。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．One person's mistakes can bring (灾难) to someone else.
2．After the (洪水) it took weeks for the water level to go down.
3．He is (尝试) to find out what caused the mistake.
disaster
flood
attempting
4．It was a (好奇的) feeling, as though we were floating on air.
5．The lifeboat (营救) the sailors from the sinking boat.
6．I am grateful she made helpful (评论) on my work.
7．He regularly gives (演讲) on modern Chinese literature.
curious
rescued
comments
lectures
8．The driver cannot entirely (逃避) responsibility for this accident.
9．This watch can (测量) your heart rate and blood pressure.
10．The party has begun the painful (过程) of rethinking its policies and strategy.
escape
measure
process
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a (crowd) mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace
2．She was (frighten) that the plane would crash.
3．A prisoner has escaped a jail in northern Texas.
crowded
frightened
from
4．For a sudden heart failure, the best chance for (survive) is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.
5．Everyone in the street was (shock) when they heard the news.
6．Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct and full of___________ (observe) and wisdom.
survival
shocked
observation
7．The weather has been really (horror) all week so we hate going out.
8．Always wear sunglasses as a (protect) for your eyes when walking in the sun.
9．Following the earthquake, a large-scale rescue (operate) was launched.
10．The war will cause widespread human (suffer)．
horrible
protection
operation
suffering
Ⅲ.选词填空
on the edge of， be covered with， breathe in， turn one's back on， run out， make use of
1．He me and refused to lend me any money when I lost my job.
2．It is also meaningful to what I have learned to do others a favour.
turned his back on
make use of
3． the jacket, there is a piece of cloth which gives off light in the dark.
4．In the morning I open the window wide and deeply.
5．With the natural resources ,we have to find other ways to provide energy.
6．It tall trees and the swamp was a crystal-clear river.
On the edge of
breathe in
running out
was covered with
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子) the people trapped in the ruins.
营救那些被困在废墟里的人们是我们的责任。
2．The earth is unlikely to be the only planet.Life has developed gradually on it.(改为where引导的定语从句)
→The earth is unlikely to be the only planet_________________________
.
It is our duty to rescue
where life has developed
gradually
3．If we talk more about virtual reality, we will have a deeper understanding of it.(改为the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...)
→ we talk about virtual reality, we will have of it.
4．It was wonderful to see the power of nature.(改为感叹句)
→ to see the power of nature!
The more
the deeper understanding
How wonderful it was
5．(一句多译)因为他一直努力工作，所以他很成功。
① ,he is highly successful.(because)
②He has been working hard, .(so)
③ he has been working very hard.(the reason why ...is that ...)
Because he has been working hard
so he is highly successful
The reason why he is highly successful is that
④He has been working hard. .(that's why)
⑤He is highly successful. . (that's because)
That's why he is highly successful
That's because he has been working hard
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．escape vi.& vt.(从监禁或管制中)逃跑，逃走，逃出；(从不愉快或危险处境中)逃脱，摆脱，逃避；被遗忘 n．逃跑，逃脱，逃避
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The zoo keeper announced a lion had escaped its cage.
②They had narrow escape when their car crashed.
from
a
③The good deed the foreign family did will .
那个外国家庭所做的好事我永远也忘不了。
never escape me
系统归纳 (1)escape from ... 从……中逃脱
escape (doing) sth. 避免/逃脱(做)某事
escape one's notice 逃过某人的注意
(2)make one's escape 逃走
have a narrow escape 九死一生；幸免于难
微点提醒 (1)表示“勉强逃脱”时，用narrowly修饰动词escape。
(2)表示“某人忘记……”时用sth.escape sb.。
2．survive vi.生存，存活，继续存在 vt.比……活得长，幸免于，挺过(难关)
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I can survive the low income I earn.
②Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own________ (survive)．
③Those who can face difficulties bravely.
经历那次地震活下来的人能勇敢地面对困难。
on
survival
survived the earthquake
系统 归纳 (1)survive sth. 在……之后仍然幸存
A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……)
survive on 靠……存活下来
survive from 从……留存下来
(2)survival n. 幸存
(3)survivor n. 幸存者
微点 提醒 survive表示“比……活得长，经历灾难活下来”时是及物动词，后面直接跟表示人或灾难的词。
3.curious adj.好奇的，好打听的；稀奇古怪的
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The fans are intensely curious (know) more about the football star.
②We should arouse children's natural (curious) about the world around them.
③She apologized to me, saying that she opened my parcel .
她向我道歉，说出于好奇心她打开了我的包裹。
to know
curiosity
out of curiosity
系统归纳 (1)be curious about ... 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇心
arouse/satisfy one's curiosity 激发/满足某人的好奇心
(3)curiously adv. 好奇地
微点提醒 表示感情的形容词如curious, happy, excited，embarrassed, surprised等后面常接动词不定式。
4．equal vt.等于，比得上 adj.胜任的；相等的；相同的 n．(地位、权利等)相当的人(或物)
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The two towns are roughly equal size but they are different in population.
in
②People from these minority groups must have (equal) of opportunity.
③He can't meet our demands so he .
他不合乎我们的要求，所以他不能胜任完成这项任务。
equality
is not equal to finishing the task
系统 归纳 (1)be equal to (doing) sth. 等于/胜任(做)某事
be equal in 在……方面比得上
(2)equal sb./sth.in (doing) sth.
在(做)某事上比得过某人/物
(3)without equal 无与伦比
(4)equality n. 平等
equally adv. 相等地；同等地
微点 提醒 be equal to表示“胜任”时，to是介词，后面如果接动词，要用动词的-ing形式。
5.attempt n．& vt.努力，尝试，企图
(1)单句语法填空
①To her delight, she passed her driving test the first attempt.
②A man is being questioned in relation to the (attempt) robbery last night.
at
attempted
(2)一句多译
那个学生试图解释他考试不及格的原因。
③The student what led to his failure in the exam.(attempt v．)
④The student what led to his failure in the exam.(attempt n．)
⑤The student what led to his failure in the exam.(try)
attempted to explain
made an attempt to explain/at explaining
tried to explain
系统归纳 (1)attempt to do sth. 试图做某事
(2)in an attempt to do sth. 为了做某事
make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 企图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(3)attempted adj. 未遂的
微点提醒 attempt to do sth.相当于try to do sth.或seek to do sth.，意为“试图做某事”，但不一定成功；而succeed in doing sth./manage to do sth.意为“成功地做某事”。
6．damage v．损害，伤害；毁坏，破坏 n．伤害，损伤，损害
(1)单句语法填空
①Several vehicles (damage) in the crash yesterday.
②The earthquake caused damage property estimated at $6 million.
were damaged
to
(2)一句多译
这些化学品已被发现对环境造成了严重破坏。
③These chemicals have been found to________________________________
.(damage n．)
④These chemicals have been found to .
(damage v．)
cause serious environmental
damage the environment seriously
damage/cause serious damage to the environment
系统归纳 (1)be badly damaged 遭受严重损害
damage one's health 损害某人的健康
(2)do/cause damage to 给……带来/造成毁坏
7．pick up营救，搭救；拾起，捡起；收拾，整理；(偶然)学会；用车接某人；收听到；身体好转；取回
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Without proper training, you can pick a lot of bad habits when playing the piano.
②I picked Valerie's voice from among the general conversation.
up
out
③We reached the suburb of town and began to .
我们到达市郊后开始加速。
系统归纳 pick oneself up 跌倒后站起来
pick up speed 加速
pick on 故意刁难挑剔，闹别扭
pick out 挑出；辨别出
pick up speed
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
关系副词引导的定语从句
(单句语法填空/合并句子)
①This, however, was a time women were not encouraged to become writers.
②Whether it's an online shop we can hire designer clothes at rock-bottom prices, or a platform from which we can rent out our flats for a couple of days, it's out there.
when
where
③Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason_____ Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places.
④China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003.Yang Liwei successfully orbited the Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft in 2003.
→China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003,__________________________________________
.
why
when Yang Liwei successfully orbited the Earth
in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft
⑤When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house.I would be staying in the house.
→When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house .
⑥The injection needs repeating every year.The reason for it is that the virus changes.
→The reason is that the virus changes.
where I would be staying
why the injection needs repeating every year
[谨记规则]
(1)when引导定语从句时，先行词是表示“时间”的名词；where引导定语从句时，先行词是表示“地点”的名词，有时可以是抽象地点名词如situation, journey, point, atmosphere等；why引导定语从句时，先行词通常是reason；
(2)关系副词在定语从句中作状语，有时可以用“介词＋which”替代。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．measure vt.估量，衡量；测量 vi.量度为，有……长(宽、高等) n．措施，方法
(1)be measured by/in ... 用……来计算/衡量
(2)make ...to one's measure 按某人的尺寸做……
take measures (to do sth.) 采取措施(做某事)
升维考法 (1)measure作动词表示“有……长/宽/高”时，为不及物动词，不用于被动语态和进行时态；若作后置定语时，要用现在分词形式。
(2)take measures (to do sth.)的被动语态形式经常作为考查点。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①It's generally acknowledged that education shouldn't___________ (measure) only by examination results.
②In the old days, my mother always made new clothes my own measure with the Spring Festival approaching.
③We must take preventive measures (reduce) crime in the area.
be measured
to
to reduce
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/句式升级)
④After the typhoon, people found some tall trees, (measure) more than 10 meters, lying on the ground.
⑤We should take measures to reduce pollution in the city.(改为用被动语态)
→ to reduce pollution in the city.
measuring
Measures should be taken
2．make use of 使用，利用
升维考法 (1)make use of的变形：把use作为先行词变成定语从句的形式考查。注意of不能省略。
(2)It is no use/useless doing sth.句型可以转变成find/think/consider＋it＋no use/useless doing sth.句型。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①There is an answering machine for you to make use .
②We didn't need blankets to keep warm because the heating was great use.
③It's reported that computers first came use in the early 1950s.
of
of
into
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④They think it no use (try) to persuade the stubborn man to change his mind.
⑤The use helps to save a lot of money.
他们对垃圾的利用帮助节约了很多钱。
trying
they make of the waste
3．run out 用完，耗尽
常见考法 run out of 用完；用尽；用光
run into 撞上；遭遇；达到
run across 偶然遇到；穿过
run after 追求；追赶，追逐
run for 竞选；匆匆去取
升维考法 (1)run out of表示“用完，耗尽”时，是及物动词短语，表示主动含义，其主语一般是人，相当于短语use up，可以用于被动语态。
(2)run out表示“用完，耗尽，文件到期”时，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱、文件等名词，不能用于被动语态。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Saving is very important because natural resources in our world may run one day.
②I ran some old letters while I was clearing out a cupboard.
③The project is running financial difficulties.
out
across
into
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
他们没钱了，只好放弃这个项目。
④They and had to abandon the project.
⑤Their money and they had to abandon the project.
⑥Their money and they had to abandon the project.
ran out of money
was run out of
ran out
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．the reason why ...is/was that ...
(1)The reason why ...is/was that ...意为“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。
(2)That's why ...意为“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
(3)That's because ...意为“那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。
注意：
(1)在“The reason why ...is/was that ...”句型中，表语从句只能用that引导，不能用because；
(2)在“That's why/because ...”句型中，why后强调结果，because后强调原因。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
(用The reason why ...is/was that ...改写)
①Many exam candidates lose marks because they do not read the questions properly.
→
②He was late.That was because his train was delayed.
→
The reason why many exam candidates lose marks is that they do not read the questions properly.
The reason why he was late was that his train was delayed.
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③我想成为老师的原因是我喜欢孩子。
④我们读书除了为了获得知识之外，还为了乐趣和灵感。这就是为什么我推荐另一类书籍：文学类图书。
In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration.___________ I recommend another category of books: literary books.
The reason why I want to become a teacher is that I like children.
That is why
⑤今天早上他上班迟到了。那是因为他遇上了交通堵塞。
He was late for work this morning. he got caught in the traffic jam.
That's because
2．the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...
(1)the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..意为“越……，就越……”，主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化；
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个“the＋比较级”是主句；
(3)此结构可以用省略形式。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①If you are happy and kind, you will make more friends.
→
②If you learn more about the new technology, you will get less worried.
→
The happier and kinder you are, the more friends you will make.
The more you learn about the new technology, the less worried you will get.
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③我们回收利用的越多，我们浪费的就越少。
④我读的英语文章越多，我在英语方面取得的进步就越大。
The more we recycle, the less we waste.
The more we recycle, the less we waste.
2022·全国甲卷·阅读理解B篇
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an“allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。澳大拉西亚的戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉具有大约2岁孩童水平的形状识别能力。
1．How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A．By following instructions.
B．By using a tool.
C．By turning the box around.
D．By removing the lid.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“... the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.”和第二段中“In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job ...”可知，戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉能拿到盒子里的坚果是因为它们使用了工具。
2．Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A．Using a key to unlock a door.
B．Telling parrots from other birds.
C．Putting a ball into a round hole.
D．Grouping toys of different shapes.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age ...”可知，人类幼儿在一岁时能做到将一个圆形物体放进圆孔中。C项为原文的同义改写。
3．What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A．How far they are able to see.
B．How they track moving objects.
C．Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D．Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，研究人员下一步将尝试并设法弄明白凤头鹦鹉究竟是只能依靠视觉线索还是也可以利用触觉来选择形状。
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers
B．Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C．Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers
D．Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段中的“Goffin's cockatoos ... have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.”可推知，本文主要介绍了凤头鹦鹉能识别形状这一研究发现。D项“凤头鹦鹉：熟练的形状分类者”最适合作本文的标题。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
标题归纳题的思维建模(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage._____
②(一词多义)In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.______
饲养
交给
③(熟词生义)The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from.______________________
具有(或呈)……形状的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①be native to ___________
②skilful at tool use _____________
③let out ___________
④in most cases ______________
⑤be similar to ___________
原产自……
熟练使用工具
放出；泄露
在大多数情况下
与……相似
⑥work out _____________
⑦rely on ___________
⑧a sense of touch _____
⑨a kind of _____
⑩in the wild ______
解决；计算出
依靠，依赖
触觉
一种
在野外
choose from _____________
do better than ____________
according to _____
从……中选择
比……做得好
按照
三、寻结构破长句
1．In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical shapes.
抓标志：并列连词 ；从属连词______
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个时间状语从句)
试翻译：对于人类来说，婴儿在一岁左右就能把圆形物体放进圆洞里， 。
but
before
但他们要想把不那么对称的形状放进圆洞里还需要一年的时间
2．The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
抓标志：插入语 ；从属连词_______
判类型：主句＋分割结构＋宾语从句
试翻译：根据研究人员的说法，下一步是试图弄清楚凤头鹦鹉 。
according to the researchers
whether
是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.
赏析：该句中作者两次使用状语从句的省略，客观严谨地说明了戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉能够使用工具的研究范围——仅限于笼养的情况下。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①While (read), I got the sense that it must have been really tough for my dad to settle down in a new country at an early age.
②I always think of the crab whenever . (省略句)
每当遇到困难时，我总是想起那只螃蟹。
reading
faced with difficulties
2．(赏用词之美)This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
赏析：句中do和indeed对“戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉在空间中移动物体时，拥有一个非中心的参照系”这一事实进行了强调，随即用“similar to”说明了它们的这种能力“类似于两岁的婴儿”，生动形象，通俗易懂。
[对点练——完成句子]
Their house ours, but ours has a bigger garden.
他们的房子和我们的相似，但我们的花园更大。
is similar to
3．(赏逻辑之美)The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
赏析：该句使用next和并列连词or以及副词also，说明了研究人员下一步的研究方向和目的，逻辑清晰、具体明确。
“UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ 课时作业”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共98张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Lesson 3～Reading Club
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．sledge n． 雪橇
2．tent n. 帐篷
3．boot n. 靴子
4．polar adj. 极地的，地极的
5．prove vt. 证明；证实
6．metal n. 金属
7．varied adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．captain n. 队长；组长
2．continent n. 洲，大洲；大陆
3．brochure n. 小册子
4．shelter n. 避难所
5．aftershock n. (地震的)余震
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．explore v．探险；勘察→ n．探险者；勘察者→___________ n．探险；探索
2．prepare vt.准备，预备→ n．预备，准备→ adj.有准备的，准备好的
3．ski n．滑雪板vi.滑雪→ n．滑雪运动
explorer
exploration
preparation
prepared
skiing
4．base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地→ adj.基本的，基础的→ adv.大体上，基本上
5．anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的→ adv.焦虑地；不安地→_______ n．忧虑，焦虑
6．ambition n．抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿→ adj.有志向的，有抱负的
basic
basically
anxiously
anxiety
ambitious
7．cheer v．欢呼；(使)高兴起来→ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的→_________ adv.高高兴兴地
8．distant adj.久远的；遥远的→ n．距离
9．honest adj.诚实的→ n．坦诚；诚实，正直→ adv.诚实地
10．sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的；真实的→ n．真诚，真挚，诚实→ adv.真诚地；由衷地，诚恳地
cheerful
cheerfully
distance
honesty
honestly
sincerity
sincerely
11．brave adj.勇敢的→ adv.勇敢地→ n．勇气；勇敢的行为
12．observe vt.观察；注意→ n．观察；观察结果→_________ n．观察者
13．scare vt.使恐惧，惊吓→ adj.可怕的，恐怖的→ adj.惊慌的，害怕的，担忧的
bravely
bravery
observation
observer
scary
scared
14．harm n．& v．伤害→ adj.无害的→ adj.有害的
15．original adj.最初的，新颖的，独创的→ adv.起初，独创地，新颖地→ n．独创性；创造力
16．appear vi.出现；似乎，显得→ n．外貌，外观→_________ vi.消失→ n．消亡；消失
harmless
harmful
originality
originally
appearance
disappear
disappearance
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.-less后缀词知多少
①harmless adj. 无害的
②careless adj. 粗心的
③homeless adj. 无家可归的
④hopeless adj. 无望的
⑤powerless adj. 无力的
⑥endless adj. 无休止的
2.“创造；创新 ”无止境
①originality n． 独创性；创造力
②original adj. 最初的，新颖的，独创的
③creativity n. 创造性；创造力
④creative adj. 创造的；有创造力的
⑤innovation n. 创新
⑥innovative adj. 创新的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 停止运转，出故障
2． 在……的历史进程中
3． 在途中；正在走向……；即将到来
4． 取得进步
5． 在(做)某事上有困难
break down
in the history of
on the way
make progress
have difficulty/trouble with/(in) doing sth.
6． 曾经，一度
7． 继续(行进)
8． 坚持；紧握
9． 是……的家园
10． 原产于
11． 由……组成
at one time
carry on
hold on to
be home to
be native to
be made up of
[联想串记]
1.carry短语一览
①carry on 继续(行进)
②carry away 冲走；冲昏某人头脑
③carry back 拿回，运回；使想起
④carry off 带走；夺去……的生命
⑤carry out 贯彻，实施，完成
2.make短语扫描
①make progress 取得进步
②make sense 讲得通；有意义
③make mistakes 犯错误
④make friends with 与……交友
⑤make full use of 充分利用
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．时间状语then置于句首引起完全倒装
教材原句 Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
极地的冬季来临，四处一片黑暗。
推荐佳句 ①Then came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.
接下来是我让他们自己试一试的时候了。
②(新教材外研版选择性必修4佳句)On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system.
除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。
续表
2.have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句 He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他用几队狗拉雪橇，所有的队员都在滑雪板上行进。
推荐佳句 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) He had his head buried in his hands, sobbing.
他把头埋在双手里，抽泣着。
3．“比较级＋than any other＋单数名词”表示最高级含义
教材原句 New Zealand is home to more species of penguins than any other country.
新西兰是世界上企鹅种类最多的国家。
推荐佳句 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)David looked more determined than any other runner.
大卫看起来比其他任何一位赛跑者都更加坚定。
4．动词不定式作后置定语
教材原句 If you love skiing, the South Island is the best place to go ...
如果你喜欢滑雪，南岛是可以去的最佳地点……
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国乙卷) The most popular way to learn English is listening to English songs.
最受欢迎的学习英语的方式是听英语歌曲。
②(新教材人教版必修3佳句) She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
形体描写之“心”
And then she heard the beat of her daddy's heart. The heart beat steadily, unconcerned about the damage to the rest of the body. And while she rested there, the magic happened. The little girl heard what she wanted to hear. His heart beat out the words that his mouth could no longer speak. And she was comforted and cried out, “I love you, Daddy, with all my heart.” As she knew, this would be the last time she would ever hear or say “I love you.”
[点评] 本段中使用了“the beat of her daddy's heart, heart beat, His heart beat out, with all my heart”等与心有关的动作、心理描写，形象地刻画了女儿与受伤的爸爸之间的情感交流。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to (证明) the links between them.
2．They opened a (避难所) to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless people.
3．The (船长) of the ship was advised to turn back due to a sudden heavy storm.
prove
shelter
captain
4．The harbour is an important naval (基地)．
5．No one will ever know what mix of talent, (雄心), energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer.
6．She could hear the (遥远的) sound of fireworks exploding.
7．He travelled across (洲) in his quest for adventure.
base
ambition
distant
continents
8．The role of scientists is to (观察) and describe the world, not to try to control it.
9．It is known that (金属), paper and glass can be recycled.
10．With its (各种各样的) climate, the country attracts both winter and summer sports enthusiasts.
observe
metal
varied
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He deserves the highest praise for his (brave)．
2．Doing outdoor exercise really can help keep you (cheer)．
3．The team blamed injuries and lack of (prepare) for their failure to win.
4．Perri and Sheila tell their mother-daughter story with (honest), humor and enthusiasm.
bravery
cheerful
preparation
honesty
5．It was with (sincere) and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
6．The (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.
7．While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that (explore)．
sincerity
disappearance
exploration
8．The factory claims that it is safe to drink the fruit juices because they are_________ (harm) to health.
9．She waited (anxious) for the news about her lost son by the phone.
10．We were impressed by the (original) of the children's work.
harmless
anxiously
originality
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．He is now out of hospital and well to recovery.
2．This song an old folk tune.
3．The washing machine seems to have again.
break down， make progress， be based on， have difficulty with， in preparation for， on the way
on the way
is based on
broken down
4． lectures, I urge you to do some reading.
5．To our relief, we have in controlling the spread of COVID-19.
6．The boy his written English so he often gets “F” in his compositions.
In preparation for
made progress
has difficulty with
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)We all know__________________________________________
.
我们都知道对于人类来说保护环境的自然平衡多么重要。
2．(完成句子)We have billions of light years away.
我们有能力探索数十亿光年之外的太空领域。
how important it is for humans to protect the
the ability to explore regions of space
natural balance of the environment
3．(一句多译)李华是我们班最有责任心的一名学生。
①Li Hua is in our class.(最高级)
②Li Hua is in our class.(比较级)
4．A young man with a magazine in his hand sat by the window.(改为完全倒装)
→ a young man with a magazine in his hand.
the most responsible student
more responsible than any other student
By the window sat
5．My bike was stolen last week.(改为have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
→I last week.
6．In New Zealand, if you go further south, it will be colder.(the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...)
→In New Zealand, you go, it will be.
had my bike stolen
the further south
the colder
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．preparation n．预备，准备
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①With your assistance, I will make full (prepare) for the class meeting.
preparations
②This course aims to prepare students middle and senior managerial positions.
③Our teacher requested that we should the exam.
老师要求我们为考试做好充分的准备。
for
be well prepared for
系统归纳 (1)in preparation for ... 为……做准备
make preparations for ... 为……做准备
(2)prepare vt. 准备，预备
prepare sb.for sth. 使某人对某事有所准备
prepare ...for ... 为……准备好……
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
(3)prepared adj. 有准备的，准备好的
be prepared for 对……有准备(表状态)
be prepared to do 准备好了做……，愿意做……
2．base n．基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I base my hopes the good news we had yesterday.
② (base) on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.
③This novel historical facts happening .
这部小说以发生在一个空军基地的历史事实为根据。
on/upon
Based
is based on/upon
at an air base
系统归纳 (1)base sth.on/upon sth. 把某物建在……基础 之上
be based on/upon 基于，以……为基础
(2)an air base 空军基地
establish/set up a base 建立/设立根据地
3．on the way (＝on one's way)在途中；正在走向……；即将到来
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I ran out of gas on my way the airport.
②More changes are so we should be prepared.
更多的变化即将到来，所以我们应该做好准备。
to
on the way
③ ,I ran into Mr Black on my way home.
顺便说一下，我在回家的路上遇到了布莱克先生。
④ the problem in this way.
他绝不会用这种方法来解决这个问题。
By the way
In no way will he solve
系统归纳 all the way 一路上；自始至终；完全
by the way 顺便说一下
in no way 一点也不；决不(位于句首时，句子应使用部分倒装)
in this way 以这种方法
in the way 挡道；妨碍
in a way 在某种程度上；从某一角度看
微点提醒 表示“在去……的途中”时，如果on the/one's way后面是名词，如school, hospital，way后面加介词to；如果后面是副词home, there则不加介词to。
4．break down(机器)停止运转，出故障；身体垮掉；失败；崩溃；拆毁，拆除；分解
(单句语法填空)
①The printing machines are always breaking so I must have them repaired.
②The whole country united together and managed to control the spread of COVID-19 after it broke .
down
out
③I found my house (break) into last night and ￡10,000 worth of computer equipment stolen.
系统 归纳 break up 打碎；分裂；解体；分拆；驱散；分手；
(关系)破裂；结束；放假
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)
break away from 脱离；挣脱
微点 提醒 break in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；break into中的into是介词，后面接宾语。
broken
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．名词后缀
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①When Juliet saw the work we had done for her, her eyes shone with__________ (happy)．
②The teacher has done much (prepare) for the class.
③ was obvious to us all.
我们都能看出对于这次探索的失败她很伤心。
happiness
preparation
Her sadness at the failure in the exploration
2．形容词后缀
(单句语法填空/用一对反义词完成句子)
①I'm making a real effort to be (cheer) despite everything.
②I began to feel while my husband was still about the outcome of the meeting.
我开始感到绝望，而我的丈夫仍然对会议的结果充满希望。
③Mary is a student while Mike is .
玛丽是一个细心的学生，而迈克是粗心的。
cheerful
hopeless
hopeful
careful
careless
3．副词后缀
(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①While we were waiting (anxious) for her downstairs, she was still sleeping (comfortable)．
②The teachers are patient with the slower pupils.
→The teachers treat the slower pupils .
anxiously
comfortably
patiently
[谨记规则]
(1)-tion位于动词后面变成名词。注意一些动词加上-tion后，前面动词的拼写有所变化。例如：realize→realization, describe→description, pronounce→pronunciation等。
(2)-ness位于形容词后面变成名词，以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的形容词，通常把y变成i，再加ness。例如：silly→silliness, happy→happiness等。但shy的名词没有变，是shyness。
(3)-less, -ful位于名词后面变成形容词，-less表示“没有/无……的”，-ful表示“充满/有……的”，它们通常表示相反的意思，例如：helpless无助的→helpful有益的。
(4)-ly通常直接放在形容词后面变成副词，但也有例外，如true的副词truly。另外，一些以le结尾的形容词，变成副词时，通常把最后的字母e去掉再加y，例如：possible→possibly等。以字母c结尾的一些形容词，后面加ally变成副词，例如：basic→basically等。另外，有些名词后面加-ly构成形容词，例如：friend→friendly, brother→brotherly等。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．observe v．观察；注意；看到；注视，监视；遵守(规则、法律等)；庆祝，庆贺
常见考法 (1)observe sb.do/doing sth. 看到某人做了/正在做某事
observe sth.done 看到某事被做
observe a rule 遵守规则
observe a festival 庆祝节日
(2)observation n. 观察；观察结果
under observation 在观察中，在监视下
升维考法 (1)在主动语态中，observe后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，即observe sb.do sth.。但observe用于被动语态时必须带to，即sb./sth.be observed to do sth.。类似用法的词还有：see, hear, notice等。
(2)在“observe＋宾语＋doing/done作宾语补足语”中，doing与宾语之间是主动关系，且强调动作正在进行；done和宾语之间是被动关系。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It (observe) so far that 40 percent of patients have high blood pressure.
②The police are keeping the suspect under (observe)．
③The old people in the village still .
村里的老人仍然遵守当地的传统。
has been observed
observation
observe the local traditions
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/句式升级)
④The police officer observed him (drive) at 90 miles per hour and then forced him to stop.
⑤The policeman observed a man enter the bank.(改为被动语态)
→__________________________________________________
driving
A man was observed to enter the bank by the policeman.
2．have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
常见考法 have trouble/bother/problems/a hard time (in) doing sth.
做某事有困难
have difficulty/trouble/problems with sth. 在某事上有困难
do sth. with/without difficulty/trouble 做某事有/没有困难/麻烦
升维考法 (1)have difficulty (in) doing sth.中的 difficulty是不可数名词，其前有时可用some, much, great, little, no等词来修饰。
(2)有时考查此短语的两种变形：一是difficulty作先行词，后面接定语从句；二是变成感叹句和疑问句。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①You will have difficulty (understand) Tang poems unless you have previewed them in advance.
②Whenever we have trouble our studies, our teachers always help us patiently.
③It seems that he always solves problems difficulty, but actually he makes full preparations for his tasks.
understanding
with
without
?细练升维考法(句式升级)
④They have great difficulty solving the problems in the task.
→ (改为感叹句)
→ (用定语从句改写)
What great difficulty they have solving the problems in the task！
The difficulty they have solving the problems in the task is great.
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．完全倒装
(1)out, in, down, up, away, here, there, now, then, next等表示方位和时间的副词位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装；
(2)表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装；
(3)作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面时，句子用完全倒装；
(4)代词such位于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装；
(5)在第一、二种情况中，若主语是代词，则不用倒装。如：
Out he rushed on hearing the noise.
他一听到响声就跑了出去。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①The door opened and the children rushed out.
→The door opened and .
②The Human Development Report came from this agreement.
→ the Human Development Report.
out rushed the children
From this agreement came
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③公共汽车来了。
④站在桌旁的是他的妻子，在她前面躺着一只小猫。
Here comes the bus.
Standing beside the table was his wife, in front of whom lay a cat.
2．动词不定式作后置定语
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前有the next, the only, the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词一般是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。
(3)如果动词不定式与被修饰的词构成动宾关系，要用及物动词，不及物动词要带介词。如I need a room to live in.
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(单句语法填空)
①You are the first person (come) to help me.
②Please pass me some paper to write .
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③我需要一些可以阅读的东西，而他需要一些吃的东西。
④我们计划把这个厂址变成公园。
to come
on
I want something to read while he would like something to eat.
We have a plan to turn the site of the factory into a park.
2022·全国甲卷·完形填空
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 1 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with 2 . When I first dated Steve, I 3 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 4 that he was an animal lover, I 5 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 6 ， the cat.
The next week we 7 our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 8 ， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 9 ？He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 10 ， I began to fall for him.
We 11 to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her 12 . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 13 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 14 his house. All worked 15 . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, 16 Flora's space; Steve and I formed a good team 17 for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my 18 ， this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 19 him to. That's only for giving 20 to the dogs that brought us together.
(选用了20个空的完形，不是疏于对高考的把握，而是基于让学生多积词汇的考量)
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与男友通过宠物相识、相知、相爱的过程。
1．A.ownership B．membership
C．companionship D．leadership
答案：C
解析：根据空后的“was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay”可知，此处是指两只狗的陪伴使“我”不那么孤独。ownership意为“所有权；产权；物主身份”；membership意为“会员资格；成员资格”；companionship意为“陪伴；友谊”；leadership意为“领导地位”。
2．A.reservations B．expectations
C．confidence D．prejudice
答案：A
解析：结合上下文以及转折连词but可知，刚开始约会时，作者对Steve是持保留意见的。reservation意为“保留意见；疑惑”；expectation意为“预料；期望”；confidence意为“自信”；prejudice意为“偏见”。
3．A.feared B．doubted
C．hoped D．learned
答案：D
解析：根据语境可知，此处是指作者在第一次约会时得知Steve养了一只狗和一只猫。learn意为“得知”。
4．A.unsatisfied B．amused
C．terrified D．thrilled
答案：D
解析：根据上文可知，作者养了两只狗，并很享受它们的陪伴；根据下文中的“he was an animal lover”可知，Steve也是动物爱好人士。二人志趣相投，所以此处是指作者非常激动。unsatisfied意为“未处理的；未解决的；未满足的”；amused意为“逗乐的；觉得好笑的”；terrified意为“恐惧的；很害怕的”；thrilled意为“极为激动的；欣喜若狂的”。
5．A.predicted B．worried
C．regretted D．insisted
答案：B
解析：由下文的“three dogs were perhaps too many，and my dogs might attack ， the cat”可知，作者担心三只狗可能太多，而且自己的狗可能会攻击Steve的猫。predict意为“预言”；worry意为“担心”；regret意为“感到遗憾；惋惜”；insist意为“坚持”。
6．A.Flora B．Chance
C．Molly D．Tilly
答案：A
解析：根据上文中的“he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora”可知，Steve的猫的名字是Flora。
7．A.tied B．walked
C．bathed D．fed
答案：B
解析：根据语境及空后的our dogs可知，此处是指二人一起遛狗。walk dogs意为“遛狗”。
8．A.breath B．balance
C．attention D．imagination
答案：A
解析：根据上文中的“It was a hot day.”及常识可知，二人一起去遛狗的那天天气炎热，因此此处是指停下来“喘口气(catch one's breath)”。
9．A.calm B．sure
C．soon D．real
答案：C
解析：根据上文中的“The next week we our dogs together.”可知，这一次遛狗距离两人第一次约会仅过去一周，因此当作者以为Steve要向自己求婚时，当然会感觉双方进展过快。
10．A.By the way B．In that case
C．By all means D．In that moment
答案：D
解析：根据上文中的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.”可知，Steve单膝跪地并非要求婚，而是用手捧水给作者的狗喝。再结合第一段可知，就是在那一刻，作者被这一行为打动，开始爱上Steve。by the way意为“顺便提一下”；in that case意为“既然那样；假使那样的话”；by all means 意为“可以；当然行；没问题”；in that moment意为“在那一刻”。
11．A.continued B．decided
C．intended D．pretended
答案：A
解析：根据上文中的“I began to fall for him”可知，作者开始爱上Steve，所以此处是指二人继续约会。
12．A.eye B．tail
C．ear D．leg
答案：D
解析：根据下文中的“... I worried that Tilly climbing the stairs could reopen the wound.”可推断出，Tilly做的是腿部手术。
13．A.secretly B．constantly
C．eventually D．unwillingly
答案：B
解析：根据上文中的“... Tilly had an operation on her . I took the dogs out four times a day ...”可知，Tilly做了手术，而作者一天要带它出去四次，也就是说Tilly需要频繁地上下楼梯。secretly意为“秘密地”；constantly意为“连续不断地”；eventually意为“最终”；unwillingly意为“不情愿地”。
14．A.left B．sold
C．suggested D．searched
答案：C
解析：根据上文可知，作者的狗Tilly做了腿部手术，上下楼梯会影响伤口恢复；再根据本段最后一句“We made good housemates.”可推断出作者搬离了原住所，与Steve同住，也就是Steve推荐了自己的房子给作者。这样就避免了频繁上下楼对Tilly伤口的影响。
15．A.late B．hard
C．fine D．free
答案：C
解析：根据下文中的“The three dogs formed a pack ... Steve and I formed a good team ... We made good housemates.”可知，不仅双方的宠物和谐地生活在一起，两人还将Tilly照顾得很好，两人也成为很好的室友。由此可知，此处是指一切都好。
16．A.emptied B．respected
C．occupied D．discovered
答案：B
解析：根据第二段中的“I that three dogs were perhaps too many，and my dogs might attack ， the cat.”可知，作者曾担心三只狗可能太多了，自己的狗还可能会攻击Steve的猫；根据空前的“with coaching”可知，作者担心的情况完全没发生，二人的宠物们在训练下和谐地生活在一起。由此可知，此处是指作者的狗和Steve的狗尊重Flora的领地。
17．A.looking B．caring
C．waiting D．calling
答案：B
解析：根据上文中的“And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her .”可知，Tilly腿部做了手术，所以此处是指作者与Steve一起照顾它。care for意为“照顾，照料”。
18．A.delight B．credit
C．interest D．disadvantage
答案：A
解析：根据下文可知，Steve准备了戒指向作者求婚，并且作者答应了，这对她而言是值得高兴的事情。to one's delight意为“令某人高兴的是”。
19．A.beg B．trust
C．need D．aid
答案：C
解析：根据上文中的“He did not kneel (跪) down”和常识可知，一般求婚是要下跪的，但Steve没有下跪，结合文末的“brought us together”可知，作者对此并不在意，即作者不需要他下跪。
20．A.toys B．awards
C．food D．water
答案：D
解析：根据第三段中的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. ， I began to fall for him.”可知，就在Steve跪下把水给作者的狗喝的那一刻，作者开始爱上Steve。所以是“给狗水喝”的举动让二人走到了一起。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
习惯搭配题的思维建模(第18题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：顺句意 理解基本句意 一年后，让我很的是，这个男人拿出一个小盒子，里面有一个戒指，并向我求婚。
第二步：找依据 根据上下文逻辑关系找依据 根据下文作者答应了Steve的求婚可推知Steve准备了戒指向作者求婚，对作者而言是非常开心的事。
第三步：会辨析 辨析选项词汇的意义，做出选择 much to one‘s delight，固定搭配， 意为“令某人高兴的是”。故选A。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora._____
②(熟词生义)The next week we walked our dogs together. ________
③(熟词生义)A year later, much to my delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. ___________
约会
遛(狗等)
拿出；掏出
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①keep sth. at bay _______________
②an animal lover ______________
③walk dogs _____
④catch one's breath _______
⑤get down on one knee _________
使某物无法近身
一位动物爱好者
遛狗
喘口气
单膝下跪
⑥offer sth. to sb. _______________
⑦in that moment _________
⑧fall for _____
⑨bring up _____
⑩much to one's delight ____________________
给某人提供某物
在那一刻
爱上
提出
令某人非常高兴的是
三、寻结构破长句
1．While I was thrilled that he was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack Flora, the cat.
抓标志：从属连词 ；连接词 ；并列连词____
判类型：让步状语从句(含有一个宾语从句)＋主句(含有并列的宾语从句)
试翻译： ，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，而且我的狗可能会攻击猫，弗洛拉。
while
that；that
and
虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者
2．I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly constantly climbing the stairs could reopen the wound.
抓标志：并列连词 ；连接词_____
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：我每天带狗出去四次，我担心蒂莉 ______________________
。
and
that
连续不断地爬楼梯会让
伤口再次迸裂
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)He did not kneel down, nor did I need him to.
赏析：作者用nor引起部分倒装句衔接之前的否定句，结构美观，表意连贯，表达了作者对Steve的充分信任。
2．(赏用词之美)Their companionship was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
赏析：作者用简短的句子，精练的语言，如companionship(陪伴)，loneliness(孤独)，keep sth. at bay(使远离)等叙述了狗对于她的重要性。使用nearly enough(几乎足够)这一表语为下文故事的发展留下了空间，做好了铺垫。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①My classmates knew each other, but they didn't know me, which added to my (lonely)and sadness.
②If you have teammates, focusing on the needs of others can help .
如果你有队友，关注别人的需要可以让你远离恐惧。
loneliness
keep your fears at bay
3.(赏意境之美)The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, respected Flora's space; Steve and I formed a good team caring for Tilly.
赏析：作者的狗和Steve的狗尊重Flora的领地，两人的宠物组成了一个群体，在训练下和谐地生活在一起。作者与Steve也形成了一个合作团队，一起照顾腿部做了手术的Tilly。最终这一切也使得作者和Steve走到了一起。尊重、关爱和奉献精神贯穿于整个故事，这正是促进人际关系和社会和谐的积极因素。
“UNIT 5 Section Ⅱ 课时作业”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看
