2023-2024学年新高一英语语法框架课件(共46张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2023-2024学年新高一英语语法框架课件(共46张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 12.0MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-07-22 21:39:36 | ||
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文档简介
(共46张PPT)
Grammar
语法框架
课前思考：
1. 如何判断是否是一个句子？
2. 句子的成分有哪些？
3. 英语的三大句型有哪些？
4. 如何分清主从句？
中文VS英文：
中国近些年在国际上的地位有了明显提高。
学校里那只黑白相间的猫昨天晚上跑丢了。
一个可爱的男孩在他家那棵绿色的大树下乘凉。
我打算假期呆在家里好好学习。
我朋友的妹妹以前喜欢唱跳rap，现在成为了一名律师。
我进去看了，只记得门警是瑞士士兵，穿着黄色制服，别的没有印象了。
China's status in the world has improved significantly in recent years.
The black and white cat in the school ran away last night.
A cute boy enjoys the cool under the big green tree of his family.
I'm going to stay at home and study hard during the holiday.
My friend's sister, who used to like singing，dancing and rap, is now a lawyer.
I came in to have a look and I just remembered that the guard at the gate were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms.
总结：
1. 中文可以有多个动词，英语不行，一个简单句里只能有一个动词，再多就要改成其他形式。（并列句、从句、非谓语）
2. 时间、地点都属于修饰成分，要与主干（主谓宾）内容区分开来。
名词
动词
形容词
副词
介词
冠词
......
“词”
“句子”
简单句
并列句
复合句（从句）
......
语法框架
词 句子？词能直接构词句子吗？
词 短语 句子
思考：
看图翻译
一个可爱的男孩在他家那棵绿色的大树下......
a cute boy under the big green tree of his family
一个可爱的男孩在他家那棵绿色的大树下乘凉。
A cute boy enjoys the cool under the big green tree of his family.
男孩
一个男孩
一个可爱的男孩
boy
a boy
a cute boy
树
那棵树
那棵他家的树
那棵他家的绿色的大树
在他家那棵绿色的大树下
tree
the tree
the tree of his family
under the big green tree of his family
boy
a boy
a cute boy
名词
冠词+名词
冠词+形容词+名词
名词短语！
enjoys
the cool
动词
冠词+名词
（名词短语）
动词短语！
the big green tree
名词短语
under
介词
= 介词短语
+
所以：句子是由各种短语构成的，判断什么短语，要看中心词。
China's status in the world has improved significantly in recent years.
The black and white cat in the school ran away last night.
A cute boy enjoys the cool under the big green tree of his family.
I'm going to stay at home and study hard during the holiday.
My friend's sister, who used to like singing，dancing and rap, is now a lawyer.
I came in to have a look and I just remembered that the guard at the gate were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms.
总结：
1. 读文章时，不要一个字一个字的看，先划成短语，提高效率。
2. 做题时，删除修饰信息，学会抓住干。
3. 做翻译，写作文时切记中英文的不同，不能字对字的翻译！
总结：
语法中构成一句话的最小单位是 。
大于一个词叫做 。
构成什么短语取决于 。
名词短语的公式是： 。
介词短语的中心词是: 。
介词
词
短语
中心词的词性
限定词
（修饰词 )
+
名词
+
What makes a sentence
Subject(主语S）
Verb（谓语V）
Object（宾语O）
Predicative（表语P）
Attributive(定语Attrib.）
Adverbial（状语Adv.）
Complement(补语C）
Main elements主干/核心要素
Modifiers
修饰语
简单句的基本句型：
主 系 表 SVP
主 谓 SV
主 谓 宾 SVO
主 谓 宾 宾 SVOO
主 谓 宾 宾补 SVOC
请判断以下那些是句子？
Stop！
She crying.
I am remain a student.
The leaves turned yellow.
My mom teaching chinese at a school.
I against you.
I am cook a meal.
8. Winter coming.
9.The bus beside a car.
10. The book under a desk.
实义动词
系动词
助动词
情态助动词
及物动词
不及物动词
主谓
时态 语态
动词 verb
谓语动词
非谓语动词
主系表
ved
ving
to do
主谓宾
主谓双宾
主谓宾宾补
主系表句型
高启强是个卖鱼佬。
gao qiqiang is a fishseller.
高启强变成了大老板。
Gao Qiqiang becomes a successful boss.
对主语身份的描述
对主语身份的描述
书婷看起来好漂亮。
shu ting looks pretty.
安欣似乎很友善。
An Xin seems friendly.
这个电视剧感觉很好看。
The TV series feels fascinating.
对主语特征的描述
主语+连系动词+表语
◆本句型的特点是"连系动词+表语"二者缺一不可。
谓语动词用连系动词。
表语是对主语特征、身份的描述。
1) I am a student.
2) Computers are useful .
“是”“存在”没有具体含义
常见的连系动词有：
1) be动词: am, is, are, was, were
2) 感官动词：feel, look, smell, sound, taste , look
3) 表示“变化”的词：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, turn
4) 表示“保持”：keep, remain, stay
5) 表示“好像”： look, appear, seem
6) 表示“证明”：prove (to be), turn out (to be)
eg ： The leaves turn yellow.
找一找主语：
One-third of the students in this class are girls.
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
Smoking seems harmful to the health.
It is necessary to master a foreign language.
This book falls overdue a week: I must be fined.
Mr. Smith died a university president.
找一找连系动词：
1) The key is to get to the root of the problem.
2) The yard looks fine for a while.
3) But that is a temporary answer.
4) Soon the weeds are back.
5) It is time-consuming and painful.
6) The first solution appeared easy.
7) The second solution was not so easy.
找一找表语：
His teacher of English is an American.
Is it yours
The weather has turned cold.
The speech is exciting.
Three times seven is twenty one.
His job is to teach English.
His hobby is playing football.
The machine must be out of order.
Time is up. The class is over.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
翻译练习：
这花闻起来真香。
The flower smells good.
2. 我的狗又长大了。
My dog is growing up.
3. David的衣服摸起来非常柔软。
David's clothes feel very soft.
4. 树叶变黄了。
The leaves turn yellow.
5. 老师要求我们保持安静。
The teacher asked us to keep quiet.
The teacher demands that we keep quiet.
6. 他看起来好像生病了。
He looks as if he were ill.
总结：
谓语动词为系动词：这种动词没有具体的动作、意义，只是起链接的作用。
表语：表明主语的性质特征的，用来说明主语的特点。
1) be动词: am, is, are, was, were 2) 感官动词：feel, look, smell, sound, taste , look
3) 表示“变化”的词：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, turn
4) 表示“保持”：keep, remain, stay
5) 表示“好像”： look, appear, seem
6) 表示“证明”：prove (to be), turn out (to be)
都记住了些啥？
主谓宾
主谓（状）
主谓双宾
主谓宾宾补
实义动词：有实际意义的动词
climb v. 爬
research v. 研究
实义动词
实义动词中叉分为 「不及物动词」和「及物动词」。
「及物动词」+宾语（一个动作所指的对象或承受者）
如果不加宾语，句子的意思就不完整了。
“buy”及物动词 vt
“我买”，
“我买 ”
“我买水〞、“我买茶〞、“我买书〞
构成句型：主语＋及物动词（谓语动词）+宾语，
即主谓宾结构。
实义动词
实义动词中叉分为 「不及物动词」和「及物动词」。
「不及物动词」后面不需要加宾语,因为意思已经表达完整了，不用再加宾语。
我每天工作。I work every day .
work是一个典型的不及物动词，every day是时间状语，意思已经表达完全了，构成主谓状的结构。
我住在北京。"I live in Bejing.〞
“live〞不及物动词，错误用法是I live Bejing.
“live”是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语"Bejing〞，但可以跟状语，in Bejing是一个地点状语
构成主谓状的结构
猜一猜：双宾vs宾补
I want him to come in.
I think him clever.
Ms Wang teaches us English.
She gives me a book.
They call me Alice.
He makes me happy.
We should keep the machine running.
The boy told me his story.
We watched the train leaving the station.
My mother bought me a pen yesterday.
双宾
宾补
双宾
双宾
宾补
宾补
宾补
宾补
宾补
双宾
双宾的结构
vt. + sb sth
sth to\for sb
宾补的结构
vt. + sb\sth+乱七八糟
可以在sb\sth+乱七八糟加入be动词能不能讲通90%
找 朋 友～
找朋友
我爱学习。
小明跑得很快。
David是一名学生。
爸爸不喜欢吃蔬菜。
妈妈反对贷款买房子。
我弟弟正在做家庭作业。
我的朋友对数学很感兴趣。
我朋友的哥哥擅长唱、跳、rap。
主谓宾结构：
主系表结构：
1 2 4 6
3 5 7 8
复合句\主从句
6大从句
i help you because you help me.
主谓(宾)+连主谓(宾 )
连主谓(宾)+主谓(宾 )
主+连主谓（宾）+谓+宾
谓语动词的数量-1
从句句首
引导从句
在从句中做成分
1. 作用
2. 个数
3. 位置
4. 省略
引导词=连接词=从属连词=关系词
What you said is right.
what you said is right.
从句到哪结束？
一个句子一个谓语，所以两个谓语肯定不属于同一个句子！
主句（1个谓语）+从句 （1个谓语）
土办法：数动词，从左往右，挨个找，
第二个动词前，划开。
练习：找出主句和从句
The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.
I don't know what you are talking about.
We all know the fact that you are a teacher.
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
The reason why he is punished is unknown to us.
In the basket, there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
The school where he once studied is very famous.
思考：为什么要把主从句划开？
为了搞清楚谁属于谁！
大哥属于小弟，还是小弟属于大哥？
主句属于从句，还是从句属于主句？
从句属于主句！
从句属于主句!
所以， 从句要在主句里面做成分！！！
所以，根据从句在主句里做的不同成分，所以分了不同的从句。
定从
状从
同位从
主从
宾从
表从
主句完整：
主句不完整：
练习
单击此处添加文本具体内容
1. Whether he will be here is unknown.
2. I don't know who died yesterday.
3. The truth is that we never sent the letter to him.
4. He told us the news that Hawking passed away.
5. The girl who came back from USA is our monitor.
主句缺表语，表语从句
主句缺主语，主语从句
主句缺宾语，宾语从句
主句完整，从句完整，名词，同位语从句
主句完整，名词，从句缺主语，定语从句
6. I lost the phone which my father bought from Europe for me last month.
7. He never told us the truth, which made the whole case complicated.
8. When I came back， he was sleeping.
主句完整，从句缺主语，有逗号，非限定从
主句完整，从句缺宾语，定语从句
引导词有自己的意思，当...表时间，时间状语从句
复习：
1. 如何判断是否是一个句子？
2. 句子由什么成分构成？
3. 英语的三大句型
4. 分清主从句
找动词
主谓宾定状补，同位语
简单、并列、复合
数动词，第二个动词前划开！
完结撒花！
Grammar
语法框架
课前思考：
1. 如何判断是否是一个句子？
2. 句子的成分有哪些？
3. 英语的三大句型有哪些？
4. 如何分清主从句？
中文VS英文：
中国近些年在国际上的地位有了明显提高。
学校里那只黑白相间的猫昨天晚上跑丢了。
一个可爱的男孩在他家那棵绿色的大树下乘凉。
我打算假期呆在家里好好学习。
我朋友的妹妹以前喜欢唱跳rap，现在成为了一名律师。
我进去看了，只记得门警是瑞士士兵，穿着黄色制服，别的没有印象了。
China's status in the world has improved significantly in recent years.
The black and white cat in the school ran away last night.
A cute boy enjoys the cool under the big green tree of his family.
I'm going to stay at home and study hard during the holiday.
My friend's sister, who used to like singing，dancing and rap, is now a lawyer.
I came in to have a look and I just remembered that the guard at the gate were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms.
总结：
1. 中文可以有多个动词，英语不行，一个简单句里只能有一个动词，再多就要改成其他形式。（并列句、从句、非谓语）
2. 时间、地点都属于修饰成分，要与主干（主谓宾）内容区分开来。
名词
动词
形容词
副词
介词
冠词
......
“词”
“句子”
简单句
并列句
复合句（从句）
......
语法框架
词 句子？词能直接构词句子吗？
词 短语 句子
思考：
看图翻译
一个可爱的男孩在他家那棵绿色的大树下......
a cute boy under the big green tree of his family
一个可爱的男孩在他家那棵绿色的大树下乘凉。
A cute boy enjoys the cool under the big green tree of his family.
男孩
一个男孩
一个可爱的男孩
boy
a boy
a cute boy
树
那棵树
那棵他家的树
那棵他家的绿色的大树
在他家那棵绿色的大树下
tree
the tree
the tree of his family
under the big green tree of his family
boy
a boy
a cute boy
名词
冠词+名词
冠词+形容词+名词
名词短语！
enjoys
the cool
动词
冠词+名词
（名词短语）
动词短语！
the big green tree
名词短语
under
介词
= 介词短语
+
所以：句子是由各种短语构成的，判断什么短语，要看中心词。
China's status in the world has improved significantly in recent years.
The black and white cat in the school ran away last night.
A cute boy enjoys the cool under the big green tree of his family.
I'm going to stay at home and study hard during the holiday.
My friend's sister, who used to like singing，dancing and rap, is now a lawyer.
I came in to have a look and I just remembered that the guard at the gate were Swiss soldiers in yellow uniforms.
总结：
1. 读文章时，不要一个字一个字的看，先划成短语，提高效率。
2. 做题时，删除修饰信息，学会抓住干。
3. 做翻译，写作文时切记中英文的不同，不能字对字的翻译！
总结：
语法中构成一句话的最小单位是 。
大于一个词叫做 。
构成什么短语取决于 。
名词短语的公式是： 。
介词短语的中心词是: 。
介词
词
短语
中心词的词性
限定词
（修饰词 )
+
名词
+
What makes a sentence
Subject(主语S）
Verb（谓语V）
Object（宾语O）
Predicative（表语P）
Attributive(定语Attrib.）
Adverbial（状语Adv.）
Complement(补语C）
Main elements主干/核心要素
Modifiers
修饰语
简单句的基本句型：
主 系 表 SVP
主 谓 SV
主 谓 宾 SVO
主 谓 宾 宾 SVOO
主 谓 宾 宾补 SVOC
请判断以下那些是句子？
Stop！
She crying.
I am remain a student.
The leaves turned yellow.
My mom teaching chinese at a school.
I against you.
I am cook a meal.
8. Winter coming.
9.The bus beside a car.
10. The book under a desk.
实义动词
系动词
助动词
情态助动词
及物动词
不及物动词
主谓
时态 语态
动词 verb
谓语动词
非谓语动词
主系表
ved
ving
to do
主谓宾
主谓双宾
主谓宾宾补
主系表句型
高启强是个卖鱼佬。
gao qiqiang is a fishseller.
高启强变成了大老板。
Gao Qiqiang becomes a successful boss.
对主语身份的描述
对主语身份的描述
书婷看起来好漂亮。
shu ting looks pretty.
安欣似乎很友善。
An Xin seems friendly.
这个电视剧感觉很好看。
The TV series feels fascinating.
对主语特征的描述
主语+连系动词+表语
◆本句型的特点是"连系动词+表语"二者缺一不可。
谓语动词用连系动词。
表语是对主语特征、身份的描述。
1) I am a student.
2) Computers are useful .
“是”“存在”没有具体含义
常见的连系动词有：
1) be动词: am, is, are, was, were
2) 感官动词：feel, look, smell, sound, taste , look
3) 表示“变化”的词：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, turn
4) 表示“保持”：keep, remain, stay
5) 表示“好像”： look, appear, seem
6) 表示“证明”：prove (to be), turn out (to be)
eg ： The leaves turn yellow.
找一找主语：
One-third of the students in this class are girls.
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
Smoking seems harmful to the health.
It is necessary to master a foreign language.
This book falls overdue a week: I must be fined.
Mr. Smith died a university president.
找一找连系动词：
1) The key is to get to the root of the problem.
2) The yard looks fine for a while.
3) But that is a temporary answer.
4) Soon the weeds are back.
5) It is time-consuming and painful.
6) The first solution appeared easy.
7) The second solution was not so easy.
找一找表语：
His teacher of English is an American.
Is it yours
The weather has turned cold.
The speech is exciting.
Three times seven is twenty one.
His job is to teach English.
His hobby is playing football.
The machine must be out of order.
Time is up. The class is over.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
翻译练习：
这花闻起来真香。
The flower smells good.
2. 我的狗又长大了。
My dog is growing up.
3. David的衣服摸起来非常柔软。
David's clothes feel very soft.
4. 树叶变黄了。
The leaves turn yellow.
5. 老师要求我们保持安静。
The teacher asked us to keep quiet.
The teacher demands that we keep quiet.
6. 他看起来好像生病了。
He looks as if he were ill.
总结：
谓语动词为系动词：这种动词没有具体的动作、意义，只是起链接的作用。
表语：表明主语的性质特征的，用来说明主语的特点。
1) be动词: am, is, are, was, were 2) 感官动词：feel, look, smell, sound, taste , look
3) 表示“变化”的词：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, turn
4) 表示“保持”：keep, remain, stay
5) 表示“好像”： look, appear, seem
6) 表示“证明”：prove (to be), turn out (to be)
都记住了些啥？
主谓宾
主谓（状）
主谓双宾
主谓宾宾补
实义动词：有实际意义的动词
climb v. 爬
research v. 研究
实义动词
实义动词中叉分为 「不及物动词」和「及物动词」。
「及物动词」+宾语（一个动作所指的对象或承受者）
如果不加宾语，句子的意思就不完整了。
“buy”及物动词 vt
“我买”，
“我买 ”
“我买水〞、“我买茶〞、“我买书〞
构成句型：主语＋及物动词（谓语动词）+宾语，
即主谓宾结构。
实义动词
实义动词中叉分为 「不及物动词」和「及物动词」。
「不及物动词」后面不需要加宾语,因为意思已经表达完整了，不用再加宾语。
我每天工作。I work every day .
work是一个典型的不及物动词，every day是时间状语，意思已经表达完全了，构成主谓状的结构。
我住在北京。"I live in Bejing.〞
“live〞不及物动词，错误用法是I live Bejing.
“live”是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语"Bejing〞，但可以跟状语，in Bejing是一个地点状语
构成主谓状的结构
猜一猜：双宾vs宾补
I want him to come in.
I think him clever.
Ms Wang teaches us English.
She gives me a book.
They call me Alice.
He makes me happy.
We should keep the machine running.
The boy told me his story.
We watched the train leaving the station.
My mother bought me a pen yesterday.
双宾
宾补
双宾
双宾
宾补
宾补
宾补
宾补
宾补
双宾
双宾的结构
vt. + sb sth
sth to\for sb
宾补的结构
vt. + sb\sth+乱七八糟
可以在sb\sth+乱七八糟加入be动词能不能讲通90%
找 朋 友～
找朋友
我爱学习。
小明跑得很快。
David是一名学生。
爸爸不喜欢吃蔬菜。
妈妈反对贷款买房子。
我弟弟正在做家庭作业。
我的朋友对数学很感兴趣。
我朋友的哥哥擅长唱、跳、rap。
主谓宾结构：
主系表结构：
1 2 4 6
3 5 7 8
复合句\主从句
6大从句
i help you because you help me.
主谓(宾)+连主谓(宾 )
连主谓(宾)+主谓(宾 )
主+连主谓（宾）+谓+宾
谓语动词的数量-1
从句句首
引导从句
在从句中做成分
1. 作用
2. 个数
3. 位置
4. 省略
引导词=连接词=从属连词=关系词
What you said is right.
what you said is right.
从句到哪结束？
一个句子一个谓语，所以两个谓语肯定不属于同一个句子！
主句（1个谓语）+从句 （1个谓语）
土办法：数动词，从左往右，挨个找，
第二个动词前，划开。
练习：找出主句和从句
The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.
I don't know what you are talking about.
We all know the fact that you are a teacher.
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
The reason why he is punished is unknown to us.
In the basket, there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
The school where he once studied is very famous.
思考：为什么要把主从句划开？
为了搞清楚谁属于谁！
大哥属于小弟，还是小弟属于大哥？
主句属于从句，还是从句属于主句？
从句属于主句！
从句属于主句!
所以， 从句要在主句里面做成分！！！
所以，根据从句在主句里做的不同成分，所以分了不同的从句。
定从
状从
同位从
主从
宾从
表从
主句完整：
主句不完整：
练习
单击此处添加文本具体内容
1. Whether he will be here is unknown.
2. I don't know who died yesterday.
3. The truth is that we never sent the letter to him.
4. He told us the news that Hawking passed away.
5. The girl who came back from USA is our monitor.
主句缺表语，表语从句
主句缺主语，主语从句
主句缺宾语，宾语从句
主句完整，从句完整，名词，同位语从句
主句完整，名词，从句缺主语，定语从句
6. I lost the phone which my father bought from Europe for me last month.
7. He never told us the truth, which made the whole case complicated.
8. When I came back， he was sleeping.
主句完整，从句缺主语，有逗号，非限定从
主句完整，从句缺宾语，定语从句
引导词有自己的意思，当...表时间，时间状语从句
复习：
1. 如何判断是否是一个句子？
2. 句子由什么成分构成？
3. 英语的三大句型
4. 分清主从句
找动词
主谓宾定状补，同位语
简单、并列、复合
数动词，第二个动词前划开！
完结撒花！
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