(共61张PPT)
UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE
Section Ⅰ Topic Talk～Lesson 2
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．tank n． (储存液体或气体的)箱，罐
2．plug vt. 把……塞住，堵塞；填塞
3．cease vt.& vi. 停止，终止，结束
4．chorus n. 齐声；副歌；合唱团
5．bitter adj. 愤愤不平的；带来痛苦的，
令人难过的；苦的
6．anyhow adv. (非正式)尽管如此；至少
7．remote adj. 偏僻的，偏远的
8．edge n. 边缘，外围
9．arrest vt. 逮捕，拘捕；抑制；阻止
10．tailor n. (男装)裁缝
11．keen adj. 着迷的，有强烈兴趣的
12．bother vt.& vi. (使)担心；(使)生气，
(使)苦恼
13．recall vi.& vt. 回想，回忆起
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．compromise n. 折中，妥协
2．somewhat adv. 有点，有几分
3．monitor vt. 监督；监视；监测，检测
n. 显示器，监视器
4．property n. 房产；所有物；财产
5．balcony n. 阳台
6．withdraw vi.& vt. (使)退出(活动、组织等)
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．negotiate vi.& vt.谈判，协商→___________n. 谈判；协商
2．inquire vi.& vt.询问，打听→_________ n．询问；打听
3．resolve vt.解决(问题、困难)→__________ n．决定；解决→_________ adj.坚决的；果断的
4．annoy vt. 使恼怒，使生气→__________adj.讨厌的，令人气恼的→___________ adj.恼怒的；气恼的→__________ n．烦恼；生气；令人讨厌的人或事情
negotiation
inquiry
resolution
resolute
annoying
annoyed
annoyance
5．convenient adj.便利的；方便的→____________ n. 便利；舒适；适宜→_____________ adj.不方便的→_____________ n．不便，麻烦
6．detect vt.发现，察觉→__________ n．探测；侦查；察觉；发觉→__________ n．侦探 adj.侦探的→________ n．探测器
7．shame n．羞愧；耻辱；可耻的人或物 vt.使丢脸；使羞愧；使蒙羞→__________adj.内疚的，惭愧的→___________adj.可耻或丢脸的→____________adj.无耻的
convenience
inconvenient
inconvenience
detection
detective
detector
ashamed
shameful
shameless
8．mature adj.成熟的 v．成熟；长成→__________ n．成熟
9．control n．掌控；控制 v．控制；支配；掌管→___________ n．自制力；自我控制→____________ n．控制者；管理者；控制器
10．assign vt.分配，分派，指派(任务)→___________ n．分配；任务；功课；委派
11．pack vi.& vt.打包 n．包，包裹→_________ n．包裹
12．drum vi.击鼓，打鼓 n．鼓；鼓状物；鼓声→___________ n．鼓手
maturity
self-control
controller
assignment
package
drummer
13．complain vi.抱怨；控诉；诉说 →___________ n．投诉
14．vote n．投票；票数；选举权 v．表决；选举；投票 →_______ n．投票人；选举人
15．warn v．警告；告诫→__________ n．警告，警示；告诫→________ n．报警器；警告者
16．depart v．离开→__________ n．离开，启程
complaint
voter
warning
warner
departure
17．prejudice n．偏见；伤害 vt.伤害；使……存偏见；使偏袒→_____________ adj.有偏见的，有成见的，歧视的
18．please v．使高兴；使满意 adv.请→________ adj. 礼貌而友善的，和蔼可亲的→________ adj.高兴的，开心的，乐意的→________adj.使人满意的；令人愉快的；讨人喜爱的→_________ n．愉快；高兴；快事
prejudiced
pleasant
pleased
pleasing
pleasure
19．violent adj.猛烈的；强烈的；暴力的→_________ n．暴力行为，暴力→________ adv.激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地
20．literal adj.逐字的；字面上的；文字的；如实的→__________adv.确实地；逐字地；按照字面上地→________ n．识字；读写能力；文化，教养
21．tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容→_________adj.宽容的；容忍的→__________ n．宽容；容忍
violence
violently
literally
literacy
tolerant
tolerance
22．suspect v．怀疑；猜想→____________ adj.可疑的；不可信的→_______________ adj.无提防之心的，无疑心的→___________adj.可疑的；嫌疑的
23．firm adj.坚定的 n．公司；商行→________adv.坚定地，坚决地
suspecting
unsuspecting
suspected
firmly
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.-ce名词后缀大观园
①inconvenience 不便，麻烦
②importance 重要性
③violence 暴力行为，暴力
④distance 距离
⑤patience 耐心
⑥confidence 信心，信任
2.各种“烦恼”全摆脱
①annoy v． 使恼怒，使生气
②bother v. 使生气；使苦恼
③upset v. 使心烦
④worry v. 使烦恼；担心
⑤trouble v. 使烦恼；苦恼；麻烦
⑥disturb vt. 使焦虑；使烦恼
二、背词块—丰富表达
1．______________ 集中精力于；全神贯注于
2．_________ 不挂断电话，等一下；继续
3．____________ 处于可能受伤害的境遇
4．____________ 采取行动
5．____________ 回去，返回；追溯到
concentrate on
hold on
be exposed to
take action
go back to
6．_____________ 搬出；脱离；摆脱
7．___________ 处于不幸中；处于困难中
8．____________________ 对……有不良影响
9．___________ 除掉，去掉
10．________ 寻找
11．_____________ 几乎；濒于；在……边缘
12．___________ 发生；造成
move out of
in trouble
have a bad influence on
get rid of
look for
on the edge of
come about
[联想串记]
1.“动词 ＋out of”短语集锦
①move out of 搬出；脱离；摆脱
②keep ...out of 不让……入内
③force ...out of 把……从……中压出来
④go out of 从……中出来
⑤get out of 摆脱；逃避
2.“动词＋about”短语荟萃
①come about 发生；造成
②argue about 为……争论
③bring about 带来，造成
④complain about 抱怨；投诉
⑤hear about 听说
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．if引导的虚拟语气句
教材原句 The flat-owner said if he had known that Ma Ming was a drummer, he wouldn't have rented the flat to him. 房东说他如果知道马明是个鼓手，就不会把房子租给他。
推荐佳句 (2019·浙江6月高考) If it had not been for your help, I wouldn't have made great progress in English. 如果没有你的帮助，我就不会在英语方面取得巨大进步。
2．动词不定式作表语
教材原句 Another possibility is to ask for help from somebody outside the situation.
另一种可能是向外界寻求帮助。
推荐佳句 (新教材外研版选择性必修1佳句) To listen to Tan's music is to experience a mix of Chinese musical traditions and Western influences.
欣赏谭盾的音乐，就是在感受中国音乐传统和西方影响的交融。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
环境描写之天气
As I walked, thunder rumbled in the mountains all around and rain began to fall in heavy drops. When I reached the place, the storm was at its fiercest and the countryside was lit up by wild ashes of lightning. With the rain streaming down my face, I clasped my hands together and looked up into the darkness. In my mind's eye I saw my little brother as I remembered him, so young and innocent, and the image filled me with unbearable sadness.
[点评] 本段中使用了“thunder rumbled, fall in heavy drops, the storm was at its fiercest, wild ashes of lightning, the rain streaming down my face”等与天气有关的表达，描绘出了一个悲凉的画面。作者由写景到写人，借助于恶劣天气抒发作者对弟弟的思念之情。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Officials had not been allowed to ________ (监督) the voting.
2．I've _________ (打包) you some food for the journey.
3．Losing the match was a _____(带来痛苦的) disappointment for the team.
4．I don't want to _________(使苦恼) her with my problems at the moment.
monitor
packed
bitter
bother
5．The old photos I came across while cleaning up the drawer helped me ________ (回想) the days that I would have forgotten otherwise.
6．You ______ (停止) to grow once you stop learning.
7．Pretty soon, our brains will be directly __________(填塞) into some new high-tech instruments.
recall
cease
plugged
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．My little brother is so ___________(annoy) that he's always copying after me.
2．The most common __________ (complain) is about poor service.
3．Rachel said why she came and that she preferred to wait outside remembering her mother's ___________ (warn)．
4．Let me introduce you to the place so that you can have an easy and _________ (please) journey in the next few days.
annoying
complaint
warning
pleasant
5．___________ (violent) is a sign of weakness or fear, not a sign of strength or confidence.
6．He has a sense of humour plus ___________(tolerate) and patience.
7．I ________ (firm) believe that no one is born a winner.
Violence
tolerance
firmly
Ⅲ.选词填空
in trouble， be exposed to， hold on， get rid of， move out of， take action
1．You must _________ to your dream, no matter what awaits you.
2．If you get____________, don't hesitate to ask for advice.
3．He attached himself to me at the party and I couldn't ___________him.
4．Via the Internet, we can ______________ infinite information.
5．We need more time to see how things develop before we ____________.
6．______________ my way so that I can get in the room.
hold on
in trouble
get rid of
be exposed to
take action
Move out of
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)I have a very busy life with no time to sit around,___________
___________.
我的生活很充实，没有时间坐着顾影自怜。
2．(完成句子)The theme of the International High School Students Photography Show is ___________________________________________.
国际中学生摄影展的主题是拯救濒临灭绝的野生动物。
feeling sorry
for myself
to rescue the wild animals from extinction
3．It seems that Mike has few friends.(seem to do)
→____________________________
4．Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of the music.(as well as)
→______________________________________________
5．(一句多译)那天我病了，否则我会去参加运动会的。
①________________________________________________________
_________ (if)
②__________________________________________________________
___________ (otherwise)
Mike seems to have few friends.
Tom and Mary as well as I are fond of the music.
If I had not been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports
meeting.
I was ill that day; otherwise I would have participated in the sports
meeting.
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．negotiate vt.谈判，协商
(单句语法填空/同义句转换)
①Soft skills play the most important role in negotiating ______a business partner.
②The suggestion is that further _____________ (negotiate) are to take place to produce an acceptable report.
with
negotiations
③He asked me to tell you that the contract was still being negotiated.
→He asked me to tell you that the contract was still ___________________.
系统归纳 (1)negotiate with sb.about/for sth. 就某事与某人谈判
(2)negotiation n. 谈判；协商
under negotiation 在商讨中
under negotiation
微点提醒 表达“在……中”用介词under的表达：
under construction 在建设中
under control 在控制之中
under development 在发展中；在开发中
under discussion 在讨论中
under examination 在检查(调查)中
under investigation 在调查中
续表
2．tolerate vt.忍受；忍耐；容忍，容许；宽容
(1)单句语法填空
①A tough man can tolerate _________(suffer)．
②We must learn to be tolerant ____ different cultures especially when we live in a multicultural society.
③New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your __________ (tolerant) towards risk as well.
suffering
of
tolerance
(2)一句多译
我不能容忍被取笑。
④_________________________________ (tolerate)
⑤_________________________________ (bear/ stand)
⑥__________________________________ (put up with)
I can't tolerate being made fun of.
I can't bear/stand being made fun of.
I can't put up with being made fun of.
系统归纳 (1)tolerate doing sth. 容忍做某事
(2)tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的
be tolerant of 容忍……
(3)tolerance n. 宽容；忍耐力；容忍
tolerance for/of/to/towards 对……的容忍
微点提醒 “容忍；忍受”多种表达
①tolerate vt. ②bear vt.
③stand vt. ④put up with
3．get/be rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Please get rid ____bad habits, and be environmental protection guards to maintain this beautiful home!
②Thanks to Dr Yuan Longping's research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world ___ hunger.
③I must ______________________ — it takes up too much room.
我必须把这张大桌子搬走——它占用太多的空间。
of
of
get rid of this large table
系统 归纳 rid sb./sth.of ... 使某人/某物摆脱……
rid oneself of 摆脱……；从……中解脱
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．情态动词的基本用法
(完成句子)
①If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music,
___________________.
如果你正在寻找最好的喜剧巡演和辉煌的现场音乐，你应该从这里开始。
②He is right, but ____________________ they would keep those old ferries.
他是对的，但我不禁希望他们能保留那些旧渡轮。
you should start here
I can't help wishing
③Cultural dining etiquette ___________________with some of its important rules.
文化用餐礼仪的一些重要规则可能会让你大吃一惊。
④In Chile, you _________________________with your fingers.
在智利，你可能永远不会用手指触摸任何食物。
⑤That ________________________that ___________________with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
这可能是危险的工作，可以使用无人机协助工作人员来避免这样的危险。
might surprise you
may never touch any food
can be dangerous work
could be avoided
2．情态动词＋have done的用法
(完成句子)
①You _____________________________________ for two days' off but you kept silent at that moment.
你本应该解释你休假两天的原因，但当时你却保持沉默。
②He is still young.You _______________________such an expensive present.
他还小，你本没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。
should have accounted for your absence
needn't have given him
③I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning.She _______________
________ at the meeting.
我今天上午没在会议室看见她。她不可能在会议上讲话。
④—What has happened to George
—I don't know.He _________________.
——乔治发生了什么事？
——我不知道。他可能迷路了。
⑤They ________________________when they worked in the mountain area.
他们在山区工作时肯定受了不少苦。
couldn't have
spoken
may have got lost
must have suffered a lot
[谨记规则]
(1)情态动词的基本用法：用在行为动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。常见的情态动词有：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would)。
(2)情态动词表推测的三种时态：
①对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词＋动词原形”。
②对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词＋be”，“情态动词＋be doing”或“情态动词＋动词原形”。
③对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 ＋ have ＋过去分词”。
(3)情态动词的被动语态：
含有情态动词的被动语态的结构：情态动词＋be＋done (动词的过去分词)。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．bother vt.& vi.(使)担心，(使)生气，(使)苦恼 n．麻烦；令人烦恼的事或人
常见考法 (1)bother doing/to do sth. 费心做某事
bother (sb.) with/about sth. 为某事麻烦(某人)
bother sb.to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
It bothers/bothered sb.that ... 使某人烦恼/担心的是……
(2)It is/was a bother for sb.to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
have bother (in) ... 担心做某事
put sb. to bother 给某人添乱
升维考法 (1)bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时，是不可数名词； 作“令人烦恼的事物；讨厌的人”讲时，是可数名词。
(2)表达“让某人心烦的是……”，可以用bother也可以用upset，句式既可以用It bothers/upsets sb.that ...也可以用What bothers/upsets sb.is that ...。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①You don't bother ______________ (get) dinner for me today.
②I'm sorry to have bothered you ____________so many questions on such an occasion.
③____ bothers me that I haven't told him the truth.
④________________ he always _______________boring questions.I don't want to ________________ these questions.
令我烦恼的是他总是问些无聊的问题烦我。我不想费神回答这些问题。
to get/getting
with/about
It
It bothers me that
bothers me with
bother to answer
?细练升维考法(句式升级)
That I can't keep up with others bothers me.
⑤____________________________________________ (it作形式主语)
⑥___________________________________________ (what引导的主语从句)
It bothers me that I can't keep up with others.
What bothers me is that I can't keep up with others.
2．come about 发生；造成
常见考法 (1)How did this come about？ 这是怎么发生的？
How did it come about that ... ……是怎么发生的？
(2)come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解
come on 来吧；赶快；加油
come out 出版；出来；出现；结果是
come up 走近；上来；发芽；被提出
come up with 想出；提出
when it comes to ... 当谈到……时
升维考法 以下表示“发生”的词或短语都作不及物动词使用，不能直接加宾语：
①happen 偶然发生
②take place 发生，举行(安排好的)
③break out 发生，爆发
④come about (已经)发生
⑤occur 发生
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①How did this accident come________
②I wonder how__came about that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
③In order to prevent this case____________________, we should improve our awareness of saving and recycling water.
为了防止这种情况再次发生，我们应该提高节约和循环用水的意识。
④Having discussed the problem all the afternoon, they finally _____________
____________ to it.
经过一整个下午的讨论，他们终于想出了解决这个问题的办法。
about
it
coming about again
came up with
a solution
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
他难以理解这一切是怎么发生的。
⑤____________________________________________
⑥____________________________________________
⑦______________________________________________
⑧___________________________________________
He could hardly realise how it had all come about.
He could hardly realise how it had all happened.
He could hardly realise how it had all taken place.
He could hardly realise how it had all occurred.
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．if引导的虚拟语气句
if条件句用来提出一种与客观事实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件时，被称为虚拟语气句，有三种形式：
(1)与将来事实相反：主句：主语＋would/should/might/could＋动词原形
从句：did/should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形
从句：did/should＋动词原形/were to＋动词原形
(2)与现在事实相反：主句：主语＋would/should/might/could＋动词原形
从句：did
(3)与过去事实相反：主句：主语＋would/should/might/could have＋动词过去分词
从句：had＋动词过去分词
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①He doesn't study at this school.He doesn't know the environment around the school very much.
→____________________________________________________________
_______________________________
②I didn't read the book.I couldn't tell you about it.
→_____________________________________________
If he studied at this school, he would know the environment around the school very much.
If I had read the book, I could have told you about it.
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③如果我是你，我就会找个工作过正常生活。
_______________________________________________
④要是明天下雨了，我就不去徒步了。
________________________________________
⑤要是当初我好好学习，我就能考上清华大学了。
_______________________________________________________________
If I were you, I would find a job and live a normal life.
If it rained tomorrow, I wouldn't go hiking.
If I had studied hard, I would have been admitted to Tsinghua University.
2．动词不定式作表语
(1)动词不定式作表语常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。注意：有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的。
如：She is to blame.她应该受到责备。
(2)当主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心词的名词词组时常用不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。
(3)不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①He has a wish.He wants to become an astronaut.
→His wish is _______________________.
②There is a good way to enlarge your vocabulary.You should read a daily newspaper very often.
→A good way to enlarge your vocabulary is __________________________
_______.
to become an astronaut
to read a daily newspaper very
often
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③最好的办法是加入一个英语俱乐部。
_______________________________________
④下一步是试图弄清楚鸟类是否完全依赖于视觉线索。
__________________________________whether the birds rely entirely on visual clues.
The best way is to join an English club.
The next step is to try and work out
“UNIT 11 Section Ⅰ 课时作业”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共86张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Lesson 3～Reading Club
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．bomb n． 炸弹
2．trench n. 战壕，堑壕
3．border n. 国界，边界；边境地区
4．flee vi.& vt. 逃离，逃走
5．weep vi.& vt. 哭泣，流(泪)
6．panic n. 惊恐，惶恐，惊慌
7．pile n. 一大堆
8．ward n. 病房
9．dozen num. 一打
10．ban vt. 禁止，取缔
n. 禁令，禁止
11．tax n. 税，税款
12．false adj. 不正确的，错的；
假的，不真实的
13．sacred adj. 神圣的
14．carpet n. 地毯
15．ankle n. 脚踝
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．soldier n. 士兵，军人
2．frontier n. 国界，边境
3．display vt. 展示，陈列
4．midnight n. 子夜，午夜
5．ceremony n. 仪式，典礼
6．incident n. 事件
7．tobacco n. 烟叶，烟草
8．cigarette n. 香烟
9．obesity n. 肥胖(症)
10．request n．& vt. 请求，要求
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．general n．将军，上将；一般 adj.普遍的；全面的；一般性的；总的；首席的→__________ adv.通常；普遍地，一般地
2．murder n．谋杀，凶杀；谋杀罪 v．谋杀→____________ n．杀人犯；凶手
3．civil adj.公民的；国内的；民用的→________ n．平民，老百姓
4．pray vi.& vt.祈求；祈祷→_______ n．祈祷；祷告；祈祷者
generally
murderer
civilian
prayer
5．identify vt.& vi.确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出→_____________ n．身份证明(文件)；确认；鉴定；识别
6．represent vt.代表；表现→______________ n．代表，代理人；典型 adj.代表的；典型的→______________ n．代表；表现；陈述
7．greet vt.问候，迎接，招呼→__________ n．问候；打招呼
8．mud n．泥，烂泥→___________ adj.泥泞的；浑浊的
identification
representative
representation
greeting
muddy
9．distribute vt.分发，分配，分送→______________ n．分布；分配；供应→___________ n．经销商；分配者
10．temporary adj.暂时的，临时的；短期的→________________ adv.暂时地；临时地
11．surgeon n．外科医生→__________ n．外科手术
12．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激→_______________ n．感激；欣赏→______________ adj.有鉴识力的，感激的
distribution
distributor
temporarily
surgery
appreciation
appreciative
13．alcohol n．含酒精饮品；酒→__________ adj.酒精的；含酒精的
14．fry vt.油煎；油炸 n．炸薯条→_______ adj.油炸的，油煎的
15．harm vt.伤害 n．损害，危害→__________adj.有害的→_________ adj.无害的
16．desire n．渴望；愿望；欲望 v．渴望；向往；想要→__________ adj.理想的，值得拥有的；值得做的
alcoholic
fried
harmful
harmless
desirable
17．invest vi.& vt.投资→_________ n．投资者→_________ n．投资；投入
18．conclude vt.作出结论，推断出→___________ n．结论→____________ adj.决定性的；最后的
19．benefit v．对……有益，受惠 n．利益→___________ adj.有利的，有帮助的，有用的
investor
investment
conclusion
conclusive
beneficial
20．permanent adj.永久的，长久的→_______________ adv.永久地→_____________ n．永久(性)
21．recover vi.恢复正常→____________ n．康复
22．loose adj.松的；宽大的→__________ v．松开
23．greed n．贪欲，贪婪→________ adj.贪婪的→_________ adv.贪婪地
permanently
permanence
recovery
loosen
greedy
greedily
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.“害怕”种种要克服
①panic n． 惊恐，惶恐，惊慌
②fright n. 惊骇；惊恐
③fear n. 担心；害怕；恐惧
④scare n. 惊吓；惊恐
⑤terror n. 恐怖；惊骇
⑥horror n. 恐怖；战栗
2.“-able”一族多积累
①desirable adj. 理想的，值得拥有的
②achievable adj. 做得成的，可完成的
③admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；令人赞赏的
④suitable adj. 合适的；适当的
⑤acceptable adj. 可以接受的
⑥movable adj. 可移动的
⑦fashionable adj. 时髦的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1．____________ 和……一起
2．____________ 一堆……
3．_________ 竖起
4．__________ 逃避；避免；戒掉
5．___________ 清理
6．____________ 炸毁，炸掉；释放
together with
a pile of ...
stick up
get out of
clean up
blow off
7．___________________ 很可能做某事
8. _____________________ 拥抱某人
9．_____________ 首先；本来
10．______________ 彼此(三者或三者以上)
11．______________ 在……中间；正忙于
12．____________ 走过去；复习
be likely to do sth.
take sb.in one's arms
to begin with
one another
in the middle of
go over
[联想串记]
1.“a＋n.＋of”短语集结
①a pile of ... 一堆……
②a piece of ... 一片/块……
③a pair of ... 一对/双……
④a couple of ... 一对；几个
2.arm短语面面观
①take sb.in one's arms 拥抱某人
②arm in arm 臂挽着臂
③keep (sb.) at arm's length 保持距离
④within arm's reach 在左右，近在咫尺
⑤twist sb.'s arm 倒扭某人手臂
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．whose引导定语从句
教材原句 Do Chuc is a 48-year-old Vietnamese farmer whose two daughters and an aunt were killed by American soldiers in My Lai that day.
杜沙是48岁的越南农民，他的两个女儿和一位姑妈那一天在美莱村被美国士兵杀害。
推荐佳句 (新教材人教版必修1佳句) Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。
2．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句 This ruling left Terri's parents feeling numb.
这一裁决让特里的父母感到麻木。
推荐佳句 (新教材外研版选择性必修1佳句)Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
精彩结尾之哲理结尾
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. He looked back at me and I responded with a bright smile. With the cheers of everyone present, the competition began. At first, students from other schools whispered and pointed at him. But as time went by, they were overcome by his tough spirit. David finally finished the running, gasping for breath. Despite the last one to reach the finish line, he still earned him admiration and thunderous applause. Everyone is like a flower, some having fragrance, but some not. As long as you bloom, there will be bees and butterflies.
[点评] 本段使用了“As long as you bloom, there will be bees and butterflies.(只要你盛开，自有蜂蝶来。)”这一句蕴含深刻哲理的句子结尾，总结全文，升华主旨，并给读者以启发，起到“言已尽而意无穷”的效果，使文章的中心更突出。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．______ (假的) fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
2．There's no point getting into a ______(恐慌) about the exams.
3．It was recognized that this solution could only be __________(暂时的)．
4．You can _________ (问候) someone by saying “Hello”．
False
panic
temporary
greet
5．Judging from what he said, he must have witnessed the _______(事件)．
6．________ (士兵) have been sent to protect the crew from attacks.
7．Despite the huge risks though, people will always continue to explore this final ________ (边界) in order to learn its secret.
8．To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening __________(开幕式)．
Soldiers
incident
frontier
ceremony
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The car got stuck in the _________(mud) ground.
2．Each product has a number for easy _______________ (identify)．
3．In order to leave some impressive memories on all of us before graduation, our class made a special video to express our _____________
(appreciate) of our school.
4．The new drug will be ___________ (general) available from January.
muddy
identification
appreciation
generally
5．There is a general awareness that smoking is ________ (harm)．
6．As we all know, the _____________(distribute) of anything among children must be fair.
7．The whole class __________(panic) when the teacher said that there would be a quiz today.
8．It is _________(benefit) for family members to exchange emotions if you have a dinner together on a regular basis.
harmful
distribution
panicked
beneficial
Ⅲ.选词填空
blow off， stick up， get out of， clean up， go over， be likely to
1．Once you formed a bad habit, it is difficult to ____________ it.
2．As the final exam draws near, our teacher requests us to ________our lessons.
3．Work is starting to be a drag and I really need to ________some steam!
get out of
go over
blow off
4．I'm always having to __________ after the children left.
5．If you study hard, you ___________be admitted to your dream university.
6．Please help me to _________ the board on the box.
clean up
are likely to
stick up
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)She could not choose but _____________________.
她别无选择只能把孩子留在家里。
2．(完成句子)It was just a month ago that _______________________.(have)
一个月之前我刚刚找人修过电视。
3．(完成句子)I found that the homework was not ______________________.
我发现作业没有我想象的难。
leave her child at home
I had my TV set repaired
as difficult as I thought
4．When they are faced with these difficulties, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→_____________________________, many students find themselves unable to pay full attention to their studies.
5．The boy lifted the big rock without effort and this astonished me.(用what引导的主语从句改写)
→______________________________________ was that the boy lifted the big rock without effort.
Faced with these difficulties
What astonished me/made me astonished
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．panic n．惊恐，惶恐；惊慌 vi.& vt.(使)惊慌/恐慌
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire.Jenna ____________ (panic)．
panicked
②Not only do online rumors cause people ____panic, but they disturb public order.
③Hearing the gun, the deer ________________(panic) into running straight for the headlights.
④The girl ______________when she thought she'd forgotten her admission card for entrance exam.
当以为自己忘了带准考证时，这个女孩陷入了恐慌。
in
was/were panicked
got into a panic
系统归纳 (1)in panic 惊慌失措地
get into a panic 陷入惊慌状态
(2)panic sb.into doing sth. 使某人(因惊慌)仓促做某事
微点提醒 (1)注意panic的过去式和过去分词都是panicked。
(2)表达“恐惧、惧怕、惊恐”之意的词还有：alarm, fear, fright, horror, terror, dread等。
2．distribute vt.分发，分配，分送
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The unfair ___________ (distribute) of social resources has led to a series of serious problems in this area.
②The dealer appointed his assistant to distribute some supplies ____the poor villages.
distribution
to
③The teacher was distributing the sweets _________the children when a boy burst out crying.
④During the outbreak, many institutions _____________________________
_________ in the epidemic area.
疫情期间，很多机构向疫区人民分发医疗物资。
among
distributed medical supplies to the
people
系统归纳 (1)distribute ... among ... 在……中分配/分发……
distribute ...to ... 把……分发给……
(2)distribution n. 分布；分发；分配
have a wide distribution 分布广泛
微点提醒 ①distribute的基本意思是“分散，分发，分送”，指将某物分成数份并分配给适当的人或单位，也可指将其均衡地分散在某一地区；
②divide指“把整体分为若干部分”。
3．together with和……一起
(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①She, together with her teammates, _______(help) villagers sell nearly 500,000 kilograms of oranges every week.
②Cycling, as well as jogging and swimming, ____(be) regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
helps
is
③Catherine, along with two other boys in our school, ____________(invite) to New York to pick up the prizes the other day.
④It was Tom and his friends that were to blame for the serious accident.
→It was _________________________________________________was to blame for the serious accident.
was invited
Tom together with/along with/as well as his friends that
系统归纳 along with 与……一起；除了……以外(还)
as well 也；又；还
as well as 既……又……；除……之外(也)
not only ...but also ... 不但……而且……
in addition to 另外，加之，除…之外(还)
微点提醒 “名词/代词 ＋ together with/along with/as well as/in addition to ...＋ 名词/代词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数由前面的名词/代词决定。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．conclude vt.作出结论，推断出
常见 考法 (1)conclude from 从……中得出；推断
conclude with 以……结束
conclude that ... 得出结论……
(2)conclusion n. 结论；结束
in conclusion 总之；最后
come to/draw/arrive at/reach a conclusion 得出结论
a conclusion that ... ……结论
升维 考法 a conclusion that ...中的that引导同位语从句，且不可省略。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①When the group discussion is nearing its end, be sure to conclude it ______ important points.
②He concluded _____their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
③_____ conclusion, it's worthwhile to rebuild the old bridge.
④This led Jones to the ____________(conclude) that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community, who are easy targets of cheating.
with
from
In
conclusion
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
我断定他不适合做这项工作。
⑤_________________________________________ (conclude)
⑥______________________________________________________________
_________________ (conclusion)
I've concluded that he's not suited for the job.
I've arrived at/come to/drawn/reached the conclusion that he's not suited for the job.
2．request n．& vt.请求，要求
常见考法 (1)request to do sth. 要求做某事
request sb.to do sth. 请求某人做某事
request that ... (should) do sth. 要求……
It is requested that ...(should) do sth. 要求……
(2)at one's request/at the request of 应……之请求
升维考法 动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”， should可省略。此类用法的动词包括：一“坚持”insist，二“命令”order, command，三“建议”suggest, advise, propose，四“要求”demand, desire, require, request。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①She had requested the community __________(turn) it into a museum upon her death.
②The show was repeated _____ the request of audience.
③The workers requested that their working conditions _________________
(improve) further.
to turn
at
(should) be improved
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
老板要求我们不要在办公室里闲谈。
④_____________________________________________ (request sb. to do ...)
⑤_________________________________________________ (request that ...)
⑥______________________________________________________ (It is/was requested that ...)
The boss requested us not to chat in the office.
The boss requested that we (should) not chat in the office.
It was requested that we (should) not chat in the office.
3．be likely to do sth.很可能做某事
常见 考法 sb. be likely to ... 某人有可能……
It is likely that ... 有可能……
升维 考法 (1)likely作形容词时意为“很可能，大概，也许”，侧重表示从表面迹象看来某人有可能做某事或某事有可能发生。常用于it is likely that ...；sb./sth.be likely to do sth.句型中。
(2)probable常指有较大的可能性，表示客观上潜在的可能性，较有根据和充分理由而值得相信的事，意味着经过权衡正反两方面的理由后而相信的大概会发生的事，常译作“很可能”。常用于it is probable that ...句型中。
(3)possible指客观上有可能性，且常有可能性较小的暗示。常用于it is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；it is possible that ...句型中。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①These developments are likely _________(make) our life better and more colourful.
②If one is late for a job interview, ____ is likely that he will not get the job.
③As a result, it can make you _____________________ success in life.
因此，它能让你在人生中更有可能获得成功。
④Once you sign up for it, ______________you will be a new member of our school table tennis team.
一旦报名，你很可能会成为我们学校乒乓球队的新成员。
to make
it
more likely to achieve
it is likely that
?细练升维考法(句型转换)
I am likely to visit your laboratory around Christmas time as you suggested.
⑤________________________ that I will visit your laboratory around Christmas time as you suggested.
⑥_______________________ to visit your laboratory around Christmas time as you suggested.
It's likely/possible/probable
It is possible for me
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．whose引导的定语从句
(1)whose意为“某(些)人的……”时，为who的所有格，它所指代的先行词必须是人。它引导的定语从句修饰它的先行词，同时它本身在从句中作定语。
(2)whose也可作which的所有格，意为“某(些)物的……”。它所指代的先行词必须是物，其语法功能同上。
(3)whose既可引导限制性定语从句，亦可引导非限制性定语从句。
(4)由于whose 具有兼作who的所有格和which的所有格的双重功能，故在指人时可用of whom替换，指物时可用of which替换。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①Mr Liu wants to talk to the students.Their homework hasn't been handed in.
→_____________________________________________________________
__________________________
②The company was in Australia.Its name was Notco.
→______________________________________________________________
____________________
Mr Liu wants to talk to the students whose homework/the homework of whom hasn't been handed in.
The company was in Australia, whose name/the name of which was
Notco.
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③金先生的腿受了重伤，很快被送往医院。
__________________________________________________________
_________________
④布朗先生写了部小说，其书名我完全记得。
______________________________________________________________
_________________________
Mr King, whose legs/the legs of whom were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.
Mr Brown has written a novel, the name of which/whose name I've completely remembered.
2．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
leave用作使役动词，意为“使……处于某种状态”，其具体构成为：
(1)leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语(动词不定式/现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语)。
(2)在“leave＋复合宾语”结构中，宾语补足语为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾语补足语为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾语补足语为不定式时，通常表示动作过程。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(单句语法填空)
①They always leave their mother _________(wash) dishes after dinner, which makes her unhappy.
②The young man was fired, because he always left his job half _________
(finish)．
③It is required that all the teachers and students shouldn't leave the water __________ (run) when they don't use it.
to wash
finished
running
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
④汤姆的滑稽表演让全班同学一直在笑。
___________________________________________________
⑤请当心，别落下任何物品。
____________________________________________
⑥让他自己去做。
__________________________
Tom's funny performance left the whole class laughing.
Be sure not to leave anything behind, please.
Leave him to do it himself.
2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as“f” and“v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and“v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类语音的演变与人类的饮食变化之间的关联。
1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution.
C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A ground-breaking ...the world's languages.”可知，有研究表明，人类(上下齿间的)咬合变化与饮食相关，导致了新的语音出现。根据第二段中的“Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi ...why this trend arose.”可以推知，Damián Blasi的研究集中在人类语音的发展。
2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，远古成年人的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，而唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙而发出的，因此他们难以发出唇齿音。由此可知，远古成年人很难发出唇齿音是因为他们的颌骨构造不方便发出这种音。
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
答案：A
解析：段落大意题。上文提到人类语音及牙齿咬合的变化与新石器时代农业发展水平有关。根据第五段内容可知，对语言数据库的分析也证实了新石器时代之后，世界语言的语音发生了全球性的变化。因此第五段是进一步证实上文提到的研究结果——这种咬合的变化与新石器时代农业的发展水平有关。
4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication.
B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system.
D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“... but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution”可知，Steven Moran说人类的语音是一个复杂的动态系统。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第4题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：定位 查找对应信息点 根据题干关键信息“Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds”定位到第六段第二句。
第二步：理解 信息点的字面意思 自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，更确切地说，我们今天发现的各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等复杂的相互作用的产物。
第三步：分析 推断隐含信息 complex是原词复现，dynamic是文中 “biological change and cultural evolution”的概括性表述，由此可推断出，Steven Moran 说人类的语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. ______
②(一词多义)Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. _______
指出
出现
③(一词多义)Food became easier to chew at this point. _______
④(一词多义)This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. _____________
⑤(熟词生义)It drives the evolution of human beings. _________
阶段
(事物)存在的
推动
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①more than ______________
②lead to ____________
③such as ___________
④be connected with ______________
⑤remain stable __________
⑥but rather _______________________
多于；超过
导致；造成
譬如；例如
和……有关系
保持稳定
更确切地说；而是
三、寻结构破长句
1．They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.
抓标志：连接词_______；关系代词________
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(其中分词短语作状语；含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：他们发现，古代成年人的上下门牙排列整齐，很难产生唇齿音，_______________________________。
that
which
唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙形成的
2．The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution ...
抓标志：被省略的关系代词which/that；并列连词______；关系代词______
判类型：复合句(含有一个定语从句)＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：自从人类出现以来，____________语音不一定保持稳定，更确切地说，____________________各种语音都是像生物变化和文化进化等复杂的相互作用的产物。
but
that
我们使用的
我们今天发现的
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds.
赏析：句中分词短语“making it easier to produce such sounds”作状语，说明了“我们更容易发出这样的声音”是“我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构”的结果。语言精练，句式高级。
[对点练——单句语法填空/翻译句子]
①Bicycles can be picked up and left anywhere, _________(make) them convenient for users.
②The air flow sends the sand at the foot back to the top of the sand mountain, ________ (save) the Crescent Spring from being destroyed by quicksand.
③印刷术在许多年前就在中国发明了，使中国文化得以传播到世界各地。
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________
making
saving
The printing was invented in China many years ago, making it possible for the Chinese culture to be spread all over the world.
2.(赏用词之美)Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.
赏析：confirm“证实”，用于说明研究成果，客观严谨。global “全球性的”和remarkably “显著地”描述了世界语言的发音变化的范围和“f”和“v”的使用增加的程度，使得句子有血有肉，让读者对语音发展有了深刻的了解。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①It's generally accepted that forest has the functions of cooling off ________(globe) temperature, refreshing the air, preserving soil and water.
②_______________ (remarkable), after weeks in the hospital, the little boy survived.
③Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used __________ (confirm) a scientific theory.
global
Remarkably
to confirm
3.(赏逻辑之美)Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
赏析：本段先描述大家熟悉的现象，然后使用转折连词but话音一转，对该现象提出设问，随即引入文章主题。逻辑严谨，层次分明，激发了读者的思考和想要了解这一研究的好奇心。表示转折的词还有however, while。
[对点练——完成句子]
①Customs play a significant role in festivals,___________________________
_________.
习俗在节日中扮演着重要的角色，但有时会随着时间的推移而改变。
②Positive people always see an opportunity in every difficulty,_____________
_________________________________________________.
乐观的人总是在每一个困难中看到机会，而悲观的人总是对机会持否定态度。
but sometimes they can change
over time
people are always taking a negative view of opportunity
while pessimistic
③____________, you will find it difficult to be smart online learners for some students without self-control and learning goals.
然而，你会发现对于那些不自律并且没有学习目标的学生来说，做一个聪明的在线学习者有困难。
However
“UNIT 11 Section Ⅱ 课时作业”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看
