(共64张PPT)
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
Section Ⅰ Topic Talk～Lesson 2
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．garbage n． 垃圾
2．device n. 设备，装置；修辞手段
3．launch vt. 发射；发动，发起，开始从事
4．orbit n. 轨道
vi.& vt. 沿轨道运行
5．split vi.& vt. 分割，把……分开；
分成(不同部分)
6．finding n. 研究的结果；发现
7．million num. 百万
8．navy n. 海军
9．joint adj. 联合的，共同的，共有的
10．circuit n. 电路，线路；环形道路
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．well-being n. 健康，幸福，舒适
2．labour-saving adj. 节省劳力的
3．microscope n. 显微镜
4．satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星
5．particle n. 粒子，质点
6．premier adj. 最好的；最重要的
7．outspoken adj. 坦率的，直言不讳的
8．biologist n. 生物学家
9．perceive vt. 察觉，注意到，发觉
10．humble adj. 谦虚的，谦卑的
11．outcome n. 结果，后果
12．missile n. 导弹，飞弹
13．emerge vi. 出现，浮现
14．coincidence n. 运气；巧合
15．clueless adj. 一无所知的，一窍不通的
16．incubation n. 孵化
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．entertain vt.使快乐；招待，款待→______________ n．娱乐节目；招待，娱乐→_____________ adj.有趣的，使人愉快的
2．innovate vi.革新，创新→___________ n．新发明，新方法，新观念；革新，创新→____________ n．改革者，创新者
3．gift n．天赋；才能；礼物→_________ adj.有天赋的，有才华的
entertainment
entertaining
innovation
innovator
gifted
4．produce vt.生产；创作→__________ n．产品，制品；结果→_________ adj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的→___________ n．成果；产品；生产；作品
5．science n．科学；技术；学科；理科→__________adj.科学(上)的→___________ n．科学家
6．donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献→___________ n．捐款，捐赠物；捐赠→________ n．捐献者，赠送者
product
productive
production
scientific
scientist
donation
donor
7．correspond vi.通信；符合，相一致→________________ n．通信；一致；相当
8．instant adj.立刻的，马上的→___________adv.立即地；马上地；即刻地conj.一……就……
9．subsequent adj.随后的→_____________ adv.后来，随后
10．relate vt.叙述；使……有联系→__________adj.相对的；有关系的；成比例的 n．亲戚；相关物→____________ n．相对性→_________ n．关系；叙述；故事；亲属关系→______________ n．关系
correspondence
instantly
subsequently
relative
relativity
relation
relationship
11．constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的 n．常量，恒量→___________ adv.不断地；时常地
12．accurate adj.正确的；准确的→___________adv.准确地；精确地→___________ n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确
13．physics n．物理→ __________n．物理学家 →_________ adj.物理的；身体的→____________ n．医师，内科医生→___________ adv.物理地；身体上地
constantly
accurately
accuracy
physicist
physical
physician
physically
14．efficient adj.有效率的；有能力的；生效的→____________ adv.有效率地，高效能地→____________ n．效率；效能；功效
15．propose vt.提出(某观点、方法等)→__________ n．提议，建议；求婚
16．evaluate vt.评估，估计，评价→___________ n．评估，评价
efficiently
efficiency
proposal
evaluation
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.AAA型巧联想(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
①split (分割)→split→split
②cost (花费)→cost→cost
③shut (关闭)→shut→shut
④hit (打)→hit→ hit
⑤hurt (伤害)→hurt→hurt
2.-ence结尾名词多积累
①coincidence 巧合
②absence 缺乏
③confidence 信心
④consequence 结果
⑤adolescence 青春期
⑥competence 能力；胜任
⑦convenience 便利
3.各种“有才华的”全接触
①gifted adj. 有天赋的，有才华的
②talented adj. 有天资的，有才能的
③skilled adj. 熟练的，有技能的
④able adj. 有能力的，聪明能干的
⑤exceptional adj. 卓越的，杰出的
⑥skillful adj. 熟练的，巧妙的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1．____________ 理解；想出；计算出
2．____________ 根据；按照
3．______________ 更不用说，且不说
4．___________________ 在……范围内变化
5．___________ 单独挑出
6．______________________ 随着……的引进
figure out
according to
not to mention
range from ...to ...
single out
with the introduction of
7．__________ 转向；变成；求助于；
致力于；开始行动
8．____________ 没有什么能比得上；
一点也不像
9．_________ 打开；发动；攻击
10．_________ 出去；熄灭；过时
turn to
nothing like
turn on
go out
11．__________________ 禁不住做某事
12．_________________ 奉献；从事于；献身于
13．____________ 突然呼喊，大叫
14．___________ 惯于；过去经常
can't help doing sth.
be dedicated to
shout out
used to
[联想串记]
1.“动词＋out”短语扫描
①figure out 理解；想出；计算出
②work out 弄清，计算出；锻炼
③pick out 挑选
④make out 理解；辨认出
⑤stand out 突出；坚持到底
⑥let out 放出；泄露
2.“be＋adj.＋to”短语汇聚
①be dedicated to 奉献；从事于；献身于
②be accustomed to 习惯于
③be familiar to 被……熟知
④be used to 习惯于
⑤be sensitive to 对……敏感
⑥be similar to 与……相似
⑦be rude to 对……粗鲁
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．特殊疑问词＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分
教材原句 Susan, what characteristics do you think inventors have
苏珊，你认为发明家有什么特点？
推荐佳句 Of the teachers who have taught you, which one do you think was the most unforgettable
教过你的老师中你认为哪一位最难忘？
2．the way后接定语从句
教材原句 ...and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
……我们的通信方式从写信到发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
推荐佳句 (2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)All this was because of John's bright idea, and the way he carried it out.
这一切都是因为约翰的好主意，以及他实施的方式。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
精彩结尾之自然结尾
As the gun shot, David ran as fast as he could like a wild horse running in the field. In the first round, David fell behind others about 5 meters. But bathed in a competitive atmosphere, he was in high spirits and felt a sudden strength inside him. In the last 50 meters, seeing David try his best to rush for the finishing line, I was nervous and had my heart in my mouth. When the host announced that David won the third prize, he was wild with delight, waving to me with joy and sweetness.
[点评] 本段使用了“When the host announced ... with joy and sweetness.”结尾，符合比赛场景中参赛者在跑完比赛后，得到自己的名次时，自然流露出欣喜、兴奋和激动的表情。这种自然结尾方式单纯明快、朴素无华，但回味无穷，给读者留有思考的空间。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．NASA plans to ________(发射) a satellite to study cosmic rays.
2．She was __________ (直言不讳的) in her criticism of the plan.
3．In my ________ (谦卑的) opinion, you were in the wrong.
4．These costs are payable whatever the _________(结果) of the case.
5．What a _____________(巧合)! I wasn't expecting to see you here.
launch
outspoken
humble
outcome
coincidence
6．He pulls out a special ________(装置), points it at the suspect, and switches it on.
7．There is a plan to abstract 8 __________(百万) gallons of water from the river.
8．Let's make ________(共同的) efforts to protect the environment and live in harmony with nature.
device
million
joint
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．One movie is classified as pure art, the other as ______________
(entertain)．
2．She was an accomplished pianist, a superb swimmer, and a ________(gift) artist.
3．He was hopeful that the next round of talks would also be ___________
(product)．
entertainment
gifted
productive
4．Some news will excite their readers ________(instant) while others won't.
5．_____________ (subsequent), new guidelines were issued to all employees.
6．Every bank pays close attention to the speed and ____________(accurate) of its tellers.
instantly
Subsequently
accuracy
7．A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city were in favour of the __________ (propose) on healthcare reform.
8．Learning English on the Internet can allow you to learn English more conveniently and more _____________ (efficient)．
proposal
efficiently
Ⅲ.选词填空
figure out， can't help， not to mention， go out， used to， nothing like
1．The deliveryman went to the houses where he ________deliver parcels as usual.
2．Years were wasted, ______________ lives and money.
3．It is difficult to ______________ a global population of polar bears.
4．It's _____________ what happened in the 1970s.
used to
not to mention
figure out
nothing like
5．We were doing physics experiments in the laboratory when the power
____________.
6．I ___________ remembering your first day to school when I had to calm you down by blowing kisses.
went out
can't help
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)The singer ___________________________dreams of forming his own band.(介词＋whom)
我们很感兴趣的那位歌手梦想着成立自己的乐队。
2．(完成句子)____________________ is likely to win the game
你认为谁会赢得这次比赛？
in whom we have great interest
Who do you think
3．(完成句子)They want to introduce the way _____________________
_________________________________________________.
他们想要介绍世界各地人们交流和表达自己的方式。
4．They went home after they had finished their homework.(用not ...until
改写)
→__________________________________________________________
5．If you had not helped me, I would have failed.(用含蓄虚拟条件句改写)
→_____________________________________
(that/in which) people
communicate and express themselves around the world
They didn't go home until they had finished their homework.
Without/But for your help, I would have failed.
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．entertainment n．娱乐节目
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It presents live ______________(entertain), including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
entertainment
②Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem ______________ (entertain)．
③He __________________________his stories and jokes.
他既讲故事又说笑话，把我们逗得开心了好几个小时。
④_____________________, the gifted comedian began to perform an Indian dance.
令我们高兴的是，这位天才喜剧演员开始表演印度舞蹈。
entertaining
entertained us for hours with
To our entertainment
系统归纳 (1)for entertainment 为了娱乐
to one's entertainment 使某人高兴的是
(2)entertain vi.&vt. 使娱乐；招待
entertain sb.to sth. 用某物招待某人
entertain sb.with sth. 用某物使某人快乐
(3)entertaining adj. 有趣的；令人愉快的
2．gifted adj.有天赋的，有才华的
(1)单句语法填空
①Her father had always been gifted ____ the garden.
②Besides, you'd better bring some _________(gift), such as a book or a Chinese knot.
in
gifts
(2)一句多译
这个男孩喜欢唱歌，有音乐天赋。
③The boy enjoys singing and __________________.
④The boy enjoys singing and __________________.
has a gift for music
is gifted in music
系统归纳 (1)be gifted in ... 在……方面有天资
(be) gifted with ... 天生具有……
(2)gift n. 天赋；才能；礼物
have a gift for ... 在……方面有天赋
3．not to mention更不用说，且不说；更谈不上
(完成句子)
①The boy is good at advanced mathematics, ________________such an easy problem.
这个男孩擅长高等数学，更不用说这么简单的问题了。
②______________________, I can't help calling up what I experienced when I began my senior high school.
一提到这一点，我就忍不住想起我刚上高中时的经历。
not to mention
At the mention of this
③___________________. I hope you can come again soon.
不用谢。我希望你很快能再来。
系统归纳 at the mention of 提起；提到
Don't mention it. 不要客气/不用谢/没关系。
make no mention of 没有提到
without mentioning 没有提及
Don't mention it
4．go out出去；熄灭；过时
(完成句子)
①Marina was extremely afraid of the dark.When the lights___________, she thought everything appeared to her like the most terrible monsters.
玛丽娜非常害怕黑暗。当灯光熄灭时，她觉得一切在她看来都像是最可怕的怪物。
②Expensive as these products are, they last long and never__________.
尽管这些产品价格昂贵，但它们经久耐用，永不过时。
went out
go out
③He would not __________ his parents' wishes.
他不愿违背父母的意愿。
④Most kids will ___________ a phase of being faddy about what they eat.
大多数孩子都会经历挑食的阶段。
go against
go through
系统归纳 go off (铃、爆竹等)响；爆炸；离开；
(食物等)变质；(电灯)熄灭
go against 违背；违反
go by 逝去；过去
go over 复习；仔细检查
go after 追逐；追求
go through 经历；检查；用完；(法案等)通过
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
形容词
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He spoke to me in English and started explaining his past life when he was _________ (health)．
②The US Foreign Service Institute points out that it will take a native English speaker 2,200 hours to reach _____________(profession) fluency in Chinese.
healthy
professional
③Some politicians have been quick to describe the event as simple __________ (violence) action.
④During the interview, you should present your views very clearly, wearing a sincere and __________ (confidence) smile.
⑤For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt __________(please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
violent
confident
pleased
⑥______________ to share your feelings with someone you trust.
与你信任的人分享你的感受是有益的。
⑦___________, he fell fast asleep on touching the pillow.
他累极了，一沾枕头就睡着了。
⑧You have done everything to_______________________, for which I appreciate a lot.
感谢你为使我生活舒适所做的一切。
It is beneficial
Tired out
make my life comfortable
[谨记规则]
(1)形容词作定语修饰名词或代词，说明其性质、特征等；形容词作表语与连系动词构成系表结构，说明主语的性质或特征；形容词作补足语说明宾语或主语的性质、状态或特征；形容词作状语主要表示原因、伴随等。
(2)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：
限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)＋观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)＋形状或样式词(大小、长短或高低词)＋年龄或新旧词＋颜色词＋产地或来源词＋材料或种类词＋用途词＋名词。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．donate vi.& vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献
常见 考法 (1)donate ...to ... 把……捐赠给……
(2)donation n. 捐赠；捐献
make a donation 进行捐赠
accept donation 接受捐赠
(3)donor n. 捐赠者
升维 考法 make a donation to ...意为“向……捐赠”。若名词前无冠词a，名词一般用复数。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①This has led companies and individuals to donate money ____developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities.
②Volunteers came with carloads of ___________(donate) clothing and toys.
③The studies also found that rewards aimed at helping others, such as making a __________(donate) to a charity, might be especially powerful.
to
donated
donation
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
虽然这个男孩非常喜欢这本故事书，但他还是把它捐给了慈善机构。
④Much as the boy liked the story book, he_____________________.(donate)
⑤Much as the boy liked the story book, he__________________________.
(donation)
donated it to the charity
made a donation to the charity
2．correspond vi.通信；符合，相一致
常见 考法 (1)correspond ...to ... 与……相当/相等
correspond ...with ... 与……通信
(2)correspondence n． 通信；相符；一致；相当
in correspondence with ... 与……通信；和……一致
keep up correspondence with (sb.) 与(某人)保持通信联系
升维 考法 keep up correspondence with sb.与keep in touch with sb.同义，都表示“与某人保持联系”。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①I am interested in corresponding ______other TEFL teachers and researchers about issues of professional development.
②Now it seems that every time I check my email, I have an endless series of advertisements and other _______________(correspond) that do not interest me at all.
③Actually, all of us desire to achieve success, but sometimes our actions don't correspond _______ what we desire.
with
correspondence
with
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
据我所知，从那时起，他和欧洲最重要的学者都有书信往来。
④As far as I know, he _______________________leading European scholars since then.(correspond)
⑤As far as I know, he _____________________________leading European scholars since then.(correspondence)
has corresponded with
has been in correspondence with
⑥As far as I know, he ______________________________leading European scholars since then.(correspondence)
⑦As far as I know, he ______________________leading European scholars since then.(touch)
has kept up correspondence with
has kept in touch with
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．特殊疑问词＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分
(1)“特殊疑问词＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分”主要用于询问对某人或物的观点、看法。常见的插入语有do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose等。其中疑问句剩余部分需要用陈述语序。
(2)常见的句型结构有：
①特殊疑问词(作主语)＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分(语序不变)
②特殊疑问词＋插入语＋句子其他部分(陈述语序)
(3)do you suggest 作插入语时，其后的句子应使用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should) do”。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(单句语法填空)
①Which country ____ you think has the most English learners
②Who do you suggest _________ (send) to work on the farm
do
be sent
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么？
___________________________________________________________
④你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛？
__________________________________________________________
⑤你希望我们几点来接你？
____________________________________________________
What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news
Why do you think their team could win the football match
What time do you expect we will come and pick you up
2．the way＋(that/in which)引导的定语从句
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作方式状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。
(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可接不定式或of doing sth.形式。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①I don't like the way.You speak to her in that way.
→ I don't like___________________________________________.
②Nowadays, computers have changed the way.We work and play in the way.
→Nowadays, computers have changed ____________________________
____________.
the way (in which /that) you speak to her
the way (in which/that) we work
and play
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。
I think you hurt his pride by laughing at _______________________
_______________.
④在会议上提出的方法不切实际。
___________________ came up at the meeting was unpractical.
⑤这是你能想到的减少空气污染的方法吗？
Is this the way (which/that) you can imagine _______________________
_____________
the way (that/in which) he
speaks English
The way that/which
to reduce/of reducing air
pollution
“UNIT 12 Section Ⅰ 课时作业”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共88张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Lesson 3～Reading Club
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．grand adj. 宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的
2．bonus n. 意外收获，额外的好处；
奖金；红利
3．gravity n. 重力，引力
4．steam n. 水蒸气；蒸汽动力
5．kettle n. 水壶，壶
6．fibre n. (木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
7．sailor n. 水手，海员
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．overcome vt. 克服(困难)，控制(感情)；
征服，战胜
2．cosmology n. 宇宙论，宇宙学
3．decline vi. 减少，降低
4．revolution n. 彻底变革，革命
5．accurate adj. 正确的，准确的
6．electric adj. 用电的，带电的，电动的
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．theory n．理论；原理；学说→__________ adj.理论的
2．boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸；(用开水)煮 n．沸腾→_________ adj.沸腾的；激昂的
3．improve vt.改善，增进→_____________ n．改善，改进；改进之处
4．available adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的→___________ n．可能性
theoretical
boiling
improvement
availability
5．explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→___________ n．爆炸；爆发；激增→_________ adj.易爆的，可能引起爆炸的
6．mass n．大量，大宗 adj.大量的→_________adj.大量的，大规模的→___________ adv.大量地；沉重地；庄严地
7．regulate vt.控制，管理→___________ n．章程，条例；(运用规则条例的)管理，控制
explosion
explosive
massive
massively
regulation
8．illustrate vt.说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图→_____________ n．插图，图解；说明，例释；实例，示例
9．machine n．机械，机器→___________ adj.机械的
10．preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n．腌菜，果酱→______________ n．保护，保存
11．specific adj.明确的，确切的，具体的；特有的，特定的→__________ adv.特定地，专门地
illustration
mechanical
preservation
specifically
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.“创新，发明”富创意
①revolution n． 革命
②reform n. 改革
③invention n. 发明
④improvement n. 改进
⑤advance n. 前进
⑥modernization n. 现代化
2.“增长”种种显奇迹
①explode v． 急剧增长
②increase n．& v. 增加，增强；提高
③expansion n. 扩大，扩张
④growth n. 增长
⑤gain v. 增加；改进
⑥development n. 拓展
二、背词块—丰富表达
1．__________ 虽然；不顾；尽管……(仍……)
2．________________________ 阻止某人做某事
3．____________ 而不是
4．__________ 结果
5．____________ 仔细考虑，反省
in spite of
prevent sb. from doing sth.
rather than
as a result
reflect on
6．_______________ 分离；把……和……分开
7．____________ 代替
8．__________________ 用……进行实验；试用
9．__________ 导致；通向
10．_________ 寻找
separate from
instead of
experiment with ...
lead to
look for
11．__________ 仰望；查阅；尊敬
12．___________ 被……充满
13．__________________ 为了……目的
look up
be filled with
for the purpose of
[联想串记]
1.“v.＋sb.＋from”短语串联
①prevent sb.from doing ... 阻止某人做……
②stop sb.from doing ... 阻止某人做……
③keep sb.from doing ... 阻止某人做……
④ban sb.from doing ... 禁止某人做……
⑤forbid sb.from doing ... 禁止某人做……
2.“v.＋up”短语扫描
①look up 仰望；查阅；尊敬
②use up 用完
③bring up 抚养，教育
④add up 合计
⑤hold up 举起；阻挡
⑥pick up 拾起，捡起
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．as引导的时间状语从句
教材原句 However, as his illness became worse, he lost the use of his hands.
但是，随着他的病情继续恶化，手也动不了了。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) As I started to shout encouragement, other voices around me took up the call “Come on David, you can do it！”
当我开始呐喊助威时，我周围的其他声音也开始喊起来：“加油，大卫，你能做到！”
②(新教材译林版必修2佳句)Luckily, I arrived just in time — the show was about to begin as I took my place in the merry crowd.
来得早不如来得巧——我刚在欢乐的人群中找好位置，表演就要开始了。
续表
2．not ...until ...直到……才……
教材原句 In the West, magnetism was not discovered until the 15th century.
在西方，磁力直到15世纪才被发现。
推荐佳句 ①(2021·北京高考)My condition doesn't allow me to go anywhere until my legs are fully recovered.
在我的腿完全康复之前，我的情况不允许我去任何地方。
②(新教材外研版必修1佳句) However, until recently no one knew how they did this.
然而，直到最近人们才明白它们是如何做到的。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
精彩结尾之对话结尾
After getting back to our warm home, Joe held my hand tight. He was wet all over, but wrapped a blanket around me first. In a whispering voice, he admitted it was his fault for not doing the housework properly. It didn't make me angry anymore when I thought of Joe's heroic rescue. I also realized that our current life was new to both of us. We had to allow each other the time to get used to it. With this thought, I opened my arms to Joe and said, “Darling, I forgive you.”
[点评] 本段使用了对话式结尾，并伴有相应的动作(opened my arms to Joe)，使画面有声有色，突出了结尾，让读者心中回味无穷。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．This _________ (壮丽的) building in the centre of town used to be the centre of the capital's social life.
2．Being able to walk to work is an added ______(额外的好处) of the new job.
3．We are happy that our predictions should be so ________(精确的)．
4．The two parties managed to _________(克服) their differences on the issue.
grand
bonus
accurate
overcome
5．An increase in cars has resulted in the _______(减少) of public transport.
6．Arrows would continue to fly forward forever in a straight line were it not for _________ (重力), which brings them down to earth.
7．Growing up by the sea, James wants to be a _________(水手) after graduating from college.
8．At his death he left a great ______ (大量) of undigested manuscripts.
decline
gravity
sailor
mass
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Much money is needed for the _____________(preserve) of historic buildings and monuments.
2．We expect to see further ______________(improve) over the coming year.
3．The first year provides students with a sound _____________(theory) basis for later study.
4．With the kettle of _________(boil) water in her hand, she moved quietly toward the front door.
preservation
improvement
theoretical
boiling
5．The _____________(available) of physical evidence was not to be discussed.
6．Some firefighters put out the fire before the car ___________(explode)．
availability
exploded
Ⅲ.选词填空
look up, rather than, be filled with, keep ...from ..., lead to, in spite of
1．As we grow older we come to realize that life _______________challenges.
2．I ___________the words in the dictionary and still not fully understood the meanings.
3．____________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
is filled with
looked up
In spite of
4．Traffic regulations _______ people ______riding bicycles on the sidewalk.
5．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, ________
_______ divide us.
6．It was an absurd arrangement, and bound to _________ catastrophe.
keep
from
rather
than
lead to
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)There was a time _________________________________.
曾经有一段时间我厌倦了待在室内。
2．(完成句子)____________________________________, I'm shocked by the photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.(as)
当我在翻阅报纸的时候，我震惊于亚洲一场飓风摧毁了一座城镇的照片。
when I was tired of staying indoors
As I am looking through the newspapers
3．(一句多译)直到收到你的上一封信，我才知道你对中国文化有着浓厚的兴趣。
①I ___________________________________________________I received your last letter.
②________________________________________ your keen interest in Chinese culture.(倒装)
didn't learn your keen interest in Chinese culture until
Not until I received your last letter did I learn
4．Thanks to the enthusiasm and selflessness which were displayed by our classmates, this event turned out to be a great success.(用非谓语动词作
定语)
→Thanks to the enthusiasm and selflessness_________________________, this event turned out to be a great success.
5．As time passed，the disadvantages began to appear.(用with复合结构改写)
→_________________, the disadvantages began to appear.
displayed by our classmates
With time passing
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．mass n．块，团；群众，民众；大量，大宗；质量 adj.大量的
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He builds __________ (mass) sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
massive
②With ________(mass) of homework to do, I can hardly spare time to play sports.
③The reforms are popular with the mass ____ teachers and parents.
④I struggled through __________________ to the exit.
我在人群里挤来挤去，挤到了出口处。
masses
of
the mass of people
系统归纳 (1)a mass of ＝masses of 大量；许多
the masses 群众；平民百姓
(2)massive adj. 大规模的
微点提醒 (1)表示“大量”“许多”的短语还有：
a number of, a variety of, a large amount of, a large quantity of等，其中a variety of ＝ varieties of；a large amount of ＝large amounts of(只能修饰不可数名词)；a large quantity of ＝large quantities of(既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词)。
(2)the masses“群众；平民百姓”在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
2．for the purpose of ...为了……目的
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Our school held a five-kilometer cross-country race last Sunday ____the purpose of refreshing our body and mind.
②Miss Cai encourages us to study hard in order to _____________________.
蔡老师鼓励我们为实现目标而努力学习。
③He went to town ___________________________________.
他进城的目的是买些东西。
for
achieve our purpose
with the purpose of buying something
系统 归纳 for/with the purpose of ... 目的是……
on purpose/by design 故意地
achieve/accomplish/fulfill a purpose 达到目的
微点 提醒 purpose作主语时，后面常用动词不定式形式作表语。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
短语介词
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Our club is open to everyone regardless _____age, sex or educational background.
②It has no religious significance; the founders of the movement adopted it _____ honour of Switzerland.
③_______ the help of the captain, the sailors landed in the end and appreciated him.
of
in
With
④Advertising agencies would create a basic type of advertisement, _________________ promoting and selling goods to customers.
广告代理公司会创建一种基本类型的广告，目的是向客户推销和销售商品。
⑤____________their patience and determination, our activity has become a great success.
由于他们的耐心和决心，我们的活动非常成功。
for the purpose of
Owing to
[谨记规则]
短语介词是短语性的固定介词搭配，且其搭配不可随意变更。常见的短语介词及其构成方式如下：
构成方式 短语介词
介词＋名词 ＋介词 in place of代替 in spite of尽管
on behalf of代表 with regard to关于
连词＋介词 because of因为 as for就……而言
as to至于 but for要不是
连词＋-ed 分词＋介词 as compared with与……相比
as opposed to而不是
形容词＋介词 due to由于 owing to由于 previous to
在……以前
副词＋介词 instead of代替 regardless of无论 ahead of在……前面 away from远离up to一直到
介词＋the＋ 名词＋介词 for the purpose of 为了
in the charge of 由……掌管
in the hope of 怀着……的期望
on the point of 正要……的时候
续表
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．decline vi.& vt.减少，降低；下降；衰退；谢绝 n．下降；衰退
常见考法 (1)decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
decline to 下降/减少到
decline by 下降/减少了
(2)a decline in sth. 在某方面减少/下降
in decline 下降
on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退
升维考法 (1)increase, reduce, crash与decline的搭配在意义上是一致的，即to表示“……到”，by表示“……了”。
(2)decline作名词时，注意介词的搭配特点，in后不加冠词，on 后加定冠词。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①More efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is ____ the decline.
②And other researchers have argued there are decades to go before oil production falls _______ decline.
③A great decline ____ young workforce is likely to occur in our country, for instance.
④I don't know why the boy declined ____________(answer) the question.
⑤The number of tourists to the resort declined ____ 10% last year.
on
into
in
to answer
by
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
⑥He is still one of the world's most popular golfers, but his skill is
_______________________.
他仍是世界上最受欢迎的高尔夫球选手之一，但他的球技在衰退。
in decline/on the decline
2．separate from 分离；把……和……分开
常见考法 be separated by 被……隔断
separate off 分割，分离，分开
separate out 分出
升维考法 ①separate指将混合物按不同类别分开，也指把紧连在一起或溶合在一起的东西分开；
②divide指把两个区域分隔开，或将一个整体分为若干部分，有时含有平均划分之意。
divide ...into ...意为“把……分成……”。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①To avoid being affected, the student insists that he (should) be separated _______ his deskmate, who is very naughty.
②After twelve years, he decided to separate ______ the firm.
from
from
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
③In class our English teacher will ________________________and lead us to practise speaking English in an interesting way.
在课堂上，我们的英语老师会把我们分成小组，引导我们以有趣的方式练习说英语。
④We should ________________________________________before washing.
洗衣服之前，我们应该把白衣服和黑衣服分开。
divide us into small groups
separate white clothes from dark clothes
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
not ...until ...直到……才……
(1)not ...until ...“直到……才……”，即表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间才开始，主句的谓语动词用非延续性动词。
(2)若将not until引导的从句置于句首，主句要用部分倒装。
(3)not until可用于强调句型，其构成为：It is/was not until ...that ...。
(4)until用于肯定句时，表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间结束，主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
如：I studied English until 9：00 last night.
我昨晚学英语一直学到九点。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①He had obtained extraordinary achievements in the film and TV circles when he got married.(用not ...until ...改写)
→____________________________________________________________
_______________________
He didn't get married until he had obtained extraordinary achievements in the film and TV circles.
②The old lady didn't leave her apartment until the epidemic was under control.
→__________ the epidemic was under control _____the old lady leave her apartment.(改为倒装句)
→______________ the epidemic was under control ______the old lady left her apartment.(改为强调句)
Not until
did
It was not until
that
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③直到19世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。(倒装句型)
__________________________________________________________
④直到散会后他才教我英语。(强调句型)
_____________________________________________________________
Not until the early years of 19th century did man know what heat is.
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.
2022·全国乙卷·完形填空
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about 1 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly“egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 5 research results in child developmental psychology 6 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 7 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 8 . We then asked the child if she could 9 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same 10 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 11 children said that they couldn't 12 to her.
A number of 13 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 14 the questions and knew 15 what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true 17 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 18 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 20 when others use it.
(选用了20个空的完形，不是疏于对高考的把握，而是基于让学生多积词汇的考量)
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过将2到4岁的幼儿带入南加州大学的大脑发展实验室并对他们进行相关测试，得出了一个不同于以往观点的幼儿认知方面的新结论。
1．A.following B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
答案：C
解析：根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，世界各地的幼儿都喜欢玩捉迷藏游戏，由此可以推断此处表示的是，对于他们来说，避开别人的目光并让自己不被看到是非常令人兴奋的事情。
2．A.clever B．bad
C．scared D．Quick
答案：B
解析：根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies .”可知，学龄前的儿童应是不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。
3．A.exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
答案：A
解析：根据上句可知，学龄前儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，所以此处表达的是，身体的其余部分暴露在外。expose意为“暴露”；examine意为“仔细检查”；untouched意为“不受影响的”；imbalanced意为“不平衡的”。
4．A.supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted
答案：D
解析：根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’(自我中心的) creatures”可知，此处表示的是，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是一种完全的“以自我为中心的”生物的证据。support意为“支持”；guarantee意为“保证”；imagine意为“想象”；interpret意为“解释；说明；领会”。
5．A.disappointing B．mixed
C．surprising D．Desired
答案：C
解析：根据空前的“But”及最后一段中的“...it is not a result of egocentrism”可知，研究结果表示这并不是自我中心主义的结果，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。
6．A.explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
答案：C
解析：文章在最后一段中说“我们的调研结果表明，当一个孩子通过在头上盖一条毯子来‘隐藏’时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果”，即这项实验的结果与先前的观点相矛盾。explain意为“解释”；confirm意为“证实”；contradict意为“相抵触；相矛盾；相反”；test意为“测试”。
7．A.parent B．child
C．researcher D．doctor
答案：B
解析：根据空前一句可知，是2到4岁的儿童参加实验，所以此处表示的是，每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。
8．A.feet B．nose
C．hands D．ears
答案：D
解析：根据下文中的“We then asked the child if she could _________or hear the adult.”可知，此处表示的是，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛和耳朵。空处与下文的hear相呼应。
9．A.see B．help
C．reach D．fool
答案：A
解析：根据上文可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛和耳朵，所以此处是指，我们问孩子她是否能看到或听到该成年人。
10．A.event B．thing
C．action D．Accident
答案：B
解析：根据下文“when the adult covered her own mouth：_________ children said that they couldn't to her”可知，此处表示的是，当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了。
11．A.Yet B．Now
C．Soon D．Once
答案：B
解析：根据上下文语境可知，此处表示当这个成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话了。
12．A.speak B．listen
C．turn D．wave
答案：A
解析：参见上题解析。
13．A.instructions B．descriptions
C．experiments D．assumptions
答案：C
解析：根据上文可知，此处是指许多实验排除了孩子们误解自己被问到的问题(的可能)。instruction意为“指导”；description意为“描述”；experiment意为“实验”；assumption意为“假设”。
14．A.comprehended B．predicted
C．explored D．ignored
答案：A
解析：句意：我们的年幼的受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。comprehend意为“理解”；predict意为“预测”；explore意为“探索”；ignore意为“忽略，忽视”。
15．A.partly B．honestly
C．vaguely D．exactly
答案：D
解析：参见上题解析。partly意为“部分地”；honestly意为“诚实地”；vaguely意为“含糊地”；exactly意为“准确地；确切地”。
16．A.responses B．approaches
C．contribution D．sensitivity
答案：A
解析：根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对问题的回答。response意为“回答”；approach意为“方法；接近”；contribution意为“贡献”；sensitivity意为“敏感性；悟性”。
17．A.ability B．belief
C．identity D．purpose
答案：B
解析：根据空后的“I can see you only if you can see me, too”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。
18．A.hold back B．relate to
C．insist on D．make up
答案：C
解析：根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们只是坚持相互的承认和尊重。hold back意为“抑制；阻止”；relate to意为“涉及；与……相关”；insist on意为“坚持”；make up意为“构成；编造”。
19．A.limitations B．requirements
C．theories D．findings
答案：D
解析：根据上文我们让2到4岁的孩子参加实验可知，此处表示的是，我们的调研结果表明，当一个孩子通过在头上盖一条毯子来“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。limitation意为“限制”；requirement意为“要求”；theory意为“理论”；finding(常用复数)意为“调查发现；调研结果”。
20．A.tentative B．impressive
C．creative D．effective
答案：D
解析：根据上文“They simply mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互的承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为这种方法是有效的。tentative意为“暂定的；不确定的”；impressive意为“给人印象深刻的；令人赞叹的”；creative意为“有创造力的”；effective意为“有效的”。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
行文逻辑题的思维建模(第5题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：顺句意 理解基本句意 但我们在儿童发展心理学方面的________研究结果与那一观点相悖。
第二步：找依据 根据上下文逻辑关系找依据 上文说，在很长一段时间里，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是完全的“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。根据空前的“But”及其后内容可知，研究结果与人们一直以来的认知矛盾。故可推知，这项研究结果是令人惊讶的。
第三步：会辨析 辨析选项词汇意义，做出选择 disappointing“令人失望的”；mixed “混合的”；surprising“令人惊讶的”； desired“渴望的”。故选C。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)The results were clear: Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them. ___________
②(一词多义)Their responses to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” _______
③(一词多义)Our findings suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. ________
实验对象
反映
表明
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①hide and seek ________
②be bad at _________
③result in _______
④a number of ________
捉迷藏
不擅长
导致
许多
⑤rule out _______________
⑥response to __________________
⑦insist on ________
⑧in fact ___________
排除；不考虑
对……的回答/反应
坚持
事实上
三、寻结构破长句
1．A number of experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.
抓标志：连接词+____________
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：许多实验排除了____________________________________。
that
; what
孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题
2．Our findings suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.
抓标志：从属连词______
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个时间状语从句)
试翻译：我们的研究结果表明，_________________________________，这不是自我中心主义的结果。
when
当一个孩子把毯子盖在头上“隐藏”时
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies exposed.
赏析：句中现在分词短语leaving the rest of their bodies exposed作状语，表伴随，描述了孩子们捉迷藏时只是捂住眼睛而不顾身体的其他部分这一情景。句式工整，语言精练。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Some young kids creatively put on a performance in the yard, ________
(fill) the nursing home with joy and laughter.
②_______________ (originate) from China, Chinese tea has been enjoying a long history and popularity all over the world.
filling
Originating
③_______________________, Claire felt very depressed.
坐在空荡荡的房子里，克莱尔感到非常沮丧。
④__________________________, he completely forgot the time.
他埋头读书，完全忘记了时间。
Sitting in the empty house
Burying himself in his book
2．(赏用词之美)However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably bad at hiding.
赏析：用副词remarkably(显著地)修饰形容词短语be bad at(不擅长)，形象地描述了学前孩子们喜欢捉迷藏又憨态可掬的样子；而我们都曾目睹(witness)过这种情形。用词形象、生动，表意清晰。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①The car is in _____________(remarkable) good condition for its age.
②“It's because I can't bear ___________________, ”he said.
他说，“那是因为我不能忍受不擅长一些事情。”
remarkably
being bad at things
3.(赏意境之美)For them, there's something highly exciting about escaping someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
赏析：对孩子们来说，逃离别人的目光，让自己消失是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。字里行间流露着孩子们的天真无邪。
[对点练——完成句子]
①She jumped to her feet _______________________.
她一听到这个消息就跳了起来。
②She dragged her feet as ___________________________________.
她拖着脚，不情愿地跟着她的父母。
③When I asked him why he had done it, _____________________________.
当我问他为什么这么做时，他只是耸耸肩。
when she heard the news
she reluctantly followed her parents
he just shrugged his shoulders
“UNIT12 Section Ⅱ 课时作业”
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