人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists词性转换、重点短语、同步习题（含答案）

Unit 1 Science and Scientists
单元总结
■词性转换
1. adj.懊恼的，失意的→ adj.令人懊恼的，令人沮丧的→ n.懊恼，沮丧；
2. v.传染，污染， (某种感情或兴趣)影响→ n.传染病，感染→ adj.传染的，有感染力的→ adj.受感染的，受污染的；
3. v.认购，定期订购→ n.订购费，订阅→ n.订购者，订
阅人，消费者；
4. adj. 数量 多 的 ， 多种 多样 的 → v. 倍 增 ，乘 以 ， 繁 殖 → n.乘法，大量增加； 、
5. n.抽水机，泵→ v.用泵输送，涌出，注入→ adj.兴奋 的，热情的；
6. v.猜想，怀疑，不信任； n.嫌疑犯→ adj.有嫌疑的→ adj.值得怀疑的，可疑的；
7. v.责怪，归咎于；n.责备，过错→ adj.该死的→ adj.清 白的，无可责备的；
8. n.介入，干涉→ v.干预，阻挠，打岔；
9. adj.纯的，不惨杂质的，纯真的→ adv.纯粹地，仅仅，完全地→ n.纯净， 纯洁， 清白→ v.使洁净， 净化→ n.净化， 提纯；
10. adj.大量的，价值巨大的→ adv.实质上，大体上；
11. n.统计资料， 统计数字→ n.统计学→ adj.统计的， 统 计学的→ n.统计学家；
12. v. 使 改观 ，转变 → n. (彻底或重大 的 ) 改观 ，转变 → adj.变形的，变化的；
13. n.思想， 思维， 见解→ v.认为， 觉得→ n.想法， 看法， 思想→ adj.体贴入微的， 考虑周到的， 深思熟虑的→ adj.轻率的， 考虑不周 的；
14. n.发现，调差结果，判决→ v.找到，发现，发觉，查明→ v.创办，建造；
15. n. 阴影，影子，暗处→ adj.幽暗的，昏暗的，鲜为人知的；
16. adj.确实的，具体的，混凝土的； n.混凝土→ adv.具体地→ n.具体，确实；
17. n.机械师→ adj.机械的，机器的；
18. v.保卫， 辩解→ n. 防御， 辩护→ adj. 防御的， 戒备的， 生气的→ n.被告， adj. 防御的；
19. n.助理，助手→ n.帮助，援助→ v.帮助，援助；
20. adj.优秀的， 杰出的→ adv.非常， 及其， 格外地→ v. 突出，超过；
21. adj.有天赋的，天资聪颖的→ n.礼物，恩赐，天赋，才能；
22. adj.抽象的，理性的； n.摘要→ n.抽象，提取，空想→ adj.心不在焉的，出神的；
23. n.天文学→ adj.天文学的， 极其巨大的→ n.天文学家；
24. n. 错 误 ， 责 任 ， 故 障 → adj. 有 故 障 的 ， 有 缺 陷 的 → adj.完美的，无缺点的；
25. adj.生动的，鲜明的，丰富的→ adv.生动地，强烈地→ n.生动，活泼，明亮；
答案：
1.frustrated →frustrating →frustration 14.finding→find→found
2.infect→infection →infectious→infected 15.shadow→shadowy
3.subscribe→subscription→subscriber 16.concrete→concretely→concreteness
4.multiple→multiply→multiplication 17.mechanic→mechanical
5.pump→pumping→pumped 18.defend→defence→defensive→defendant
6.suspect→suspected→suspectable 19.assistant→assistance→assist
7.blame→blamed→blameless 20.outstanding→outstandingly→outstand
8.intervention→intervene 21.gifted→gift
9.pure→purely→purity→purify→purification 22.abstract→abstraction→abstracted
10.substantial→substantially 23.astronomy→astronomical→astronomer
11.statistic→statistics→statistical→statistician 24.fault→faulty→faultless
12.transform →transformation →transformative 25.vivid→vividly→vividness
13.thinking→think→thought→thoughtful→thoughtless
■重点短语
1. 对……懊恼/沮丧 懊恼地
2. 因此 由于……
3. 怀疑某人做某事 怀疑某人是……
4. 因做某事而指责某人 将某人归咎于某人 因做某事应该受到责备
5. 在 …和 …之间有联系 把…… 与……连接起来
6. 在减少
7. 把……转变成……
8. 保护…… 免于 为了保卫……
9. 劝阻做某事 劝阻某人做某事
10. 追溯到……
11. 做……是某人的过失
12. 下班/上班 把某物从……移到……
13. 照料，处理，致力于
14. 最终地，彻底地
答案：
1.be frustrated at/with...
in frustration
2.as a consequence
15. 同意，定期订购
16. 幸亏，由于
17. 有意义，讲得通 做某事是有意义的
18. 开始干，着手做
19. 突然开始，爆发；
20. 主管，掌管，负责
21. 在……方面有天赋 对……有天赋
22. 患病，(成本、水平或数 量)下降，降落；
23. 最重要的是；首先；
24. 某事需要被做 有事要去做
25. 本应该做(而没有做) 本不应该做(而做了) 肯定做了…… 可能已经做了…… 本来不必做(而做了) 不可能做过……
26. 在……方面帮助某人 在某人的帮助下
as a consequence of
3.suspect sb. of doing sth.
suspect sb. to be...
4.blame sb. for doing sth. 17.make sense
blame sth. on sb. It makes sense to do sth.
be to blame for doing sth. 18.get down to doing
5.There is a link between...and... 19.break out
link...to/with... 20.in charge of
6.on the decrease 21.be gifted at/in
7.transform...into... have a gift for
8.defend...from/against 22.come down
in defence of 23.above all
9.discourage doing sth. 24.have/get sth. done
discourage sb. from doing sth. have sth. to do
10.trace back to 25.should have done
11.It’s one’s fault for doing sth. should not have done
12.go off/on shift must have done
shift sth. from...to... may have done
13.attend to needn’t have done
14.once and for all can’t have done
15.subscribe to 26.assist sb. in doing sth.
16.thanks to with the assistance of sb.
U1 课后习题
一、词汇题
1.That is a very (重大的) improvement in the present situation.
2.Words can have (数量多的) meanings, as we know.
3.His (干涉) made them quarrel even more loudly.
4.According to official (统计数字), the disease killed over 500 people. 5.Many poor (家庭) are experiencing real hardship during the period.\ 6.There is no (证据) that the knife belonged to her.
7.Going out with a mask will decrease the risk of (感染).
8.We are faced with two apparently (相互矛盾的) statements.
9.The engine is used for (抽水) water out of the mine.
10.We import (未经处理的) materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 11.We may talk of beautiful things but beauty itself is (抽象的).
12.I thought I saw a figure standing in the (阴暗处).
13.They have no (概念) of give-and-take, so they lack love.
14.She told me she’d had a (绝妙的) idea, which surprised us.
15.It is believed that strong (领导才能) is needed to captain the team. 16.The (机械修理工) who repaired my car was good at communication. 17.His memory of that is still (生动的) and often fills him with tears.
18.Many schools have paid attention to the warnings and are working to correct their (缺点). 19.He was a (爱国的), adventurous and romantic writer.
20.The setting sun (投射) an orange light over the mountains.
答案： substantial, multiple, intervention, statistic, household, proof, infection, contradictory, pimping, raw, abstract, shadows, concept, brilliant, leadership, mechanic, vivid, fault, patriotic, cast,
二、短语填空
as a consequence,broke out, subscribe to, on the decrease, in defence of, trace back to, above all, in charge of, come down ,attend to, once and for all, make senses
1.You’ve got so many things to . Can you manage it all by yourself 2.More and more members are refusing to the leader’s point of view. 3.The number of cyclists running traffic lights is .
4.The problem has been settled .
5.Many soldiers died their country.
6.My family has a vase, which is said to the Ming Dynasty.
7.He was put developing China’s rocket science.
8.It to do something to protect the environment.
9.My sister likes to listen to music. , she often buy CDs. 10.They had escaped to America shortly before the war in 1939. 11.He must have with a bad cold, for he has got a sore throat.
12. , we should recognize our strengths and weaknesses.
答案： attend to, subscribe to, on the decrease, once and for all, in defence of, trace back to, in charge of, make senses, as a consequence, broke out, come down,above all
三、单句语法
1.Several more days went by and the young man’s (frustrate) increased. 2.It is (frustrate) to talk to him because he never listen to anything I say. 3.To learn English well, I have to subscribe some magazines.
4.I regret to inform you that he died a consequence of his injuries. 5.The manager said he suspected the man stealing the papers all along. 6.They became (suspect) of his behavior and contacted the police.
7.Who is (blame) for setting the house on fire
8.Don’t always blame your own failure others.
9.This old Silk Road linked China the West in ancient times.
10.The two towns (link) to each other by a railway.
11.They went on to the next town where they linked with the other party. 12.The decrease sales was almost 20 percent.
13.Population growth is decreasing 1.4% each year.
14.We should try to transform heat power.
15.She was so afraid that she had the light (burn) all night.
16.I have no one (blame) but myself for what I have done.
17.No one knows the way he invented the machine.
18. (link) arms with one of the instructions, I helped carry the young man out of the water. 19.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion he wants their support. 20.Don’t ask him about his plans - he just gets (defend).
21.The town walls were built as a (defend) against enemy attacks.
22.He was charge murder last year.
23.It was his fault the Smiths misses the train.
24.He stopped, (shift) his cane to his left hand.
25.Bicycling is good exercise; ,it does not pollute the air.
26.We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true. 27.It is reported that many a new house (build) at present in the disaster area. 28.Apart from (be) too large, the trousers don’t match my jacket, either.
答案： frustration, frustrating, to, as, of, to blame, on, with/to, are linked, up, in, by, into, burning, to blame, that/which, Linked, that, defensive, defence, with, that, shifting, besides, when, is being built, being
四、易混填空
1.all at once, once in a while, once and all for
①I can’t do everything —you’ll have to be patient.
② I go to the concert or a movie with my friend.
③It is time we dealt with the issue . 2.用“由于”的相关短语填空
①The businessman’s success was largely his excellent judgement.
②We missed the train you.
③ the bad weather, the next flight will be cancelled.
④ your help, we finished the task ahead of time.
3.come across, come around, come out, come up, come to
①When walking down the street, I David, whom I hadn’t seen for years.
②In a few moments she suddenly and found herself lying on the ground.
③ when you have time, for spring is beautiful here.
④The plane safely in spite of the bad weather.
⑤When his book , nobody cared for it. 4.用 in all, after all, all in all, at all, first of all 填空
①Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went .
②The Modern Art Exhibition in the City Museum is not interesting .
③ , it appeared that Jones spent a pretty depressing summer.
④To be great, you must be smart, confident,and, ,honest.
⑤How many visitors are there We don’t have enough seats for everyone. 5.fault, mistake, error
①What you need is a great teacher who lets you make .
②There are too many in your spelling.
③It’s your that she hasn’t come to the party.
答案： all at once, Once in a while, once and for all; due to, because of, Owing to/Due to/Because of, Thanks to; came across, came to, Come around, came down, came out; after all, at all, All in all, above all, in all; mistakes, errors/mistakes, fault;
五、根据汉语意思完成句子
1.不要把你的不良行为怪在别人身上。
① .(blame vt.)
② .(blame n.)
2.上星期我请人把那扇门刷了油漆。
3.为了改变你的人生，你必须改变你思考的方式。
4.父亲去世后他掌管了农场。
5.他在音乐和绘画方面有天赋。
答案： Don’t blame others for your bad behavior./Don’t blame your bad behavior on others. I had that door painted last week.
To change your life, you must change the way you think.
He took charge of the farm after his father’s death.
She has a gift fir music and painting.=She has a talent for music and painting.
六、单元语法—表语从句
1.Another possibility is when there's a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort. 2.This is my father had taught me—to always face difficulty and hope for the best.
3.This is everyone learned to read. We would start off with sentences, then paragraphs,and then stories.
4.The question, however, is this is what the developing countries need the most. 5.He got caught in heavy traffic. That was he was late.
6.We didn't set out; it was we wanted to wait until our mother came back.
7.Without his support, we wouldn't be we are now.
8.The reason why he came late was he was caught in the traffic jam.
9.I've just read a moving story which happened in Yushu earthquake. That is my eyes are filled with tears. 10.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I disagree.
11.”Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” this is my mother used to tell me.
12.From space, the earth looks blue.this is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. 13.The question is technology is going to be our servant or our master.
14.As Jonh Lennon once said life is happens to you while you're busy making other plans.
15.One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.
16.The last time we had a great fun was we were visiting the water park.
17.What is important is you feel about yourself.
18.Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer it was twenty years ago when it was so poorly equipped.
答案：that, what, how, whether, why, because,where, that, why, where, what, because, whether, what, that, when, how, what
七、短文填词
Cassie lived a lonely life. She would wander through the forest, eating 1. fruits while other birds flew among the trees. “Why can't you fly ” they would ask. “Your weak little 2. (wing) cannot even lift your off the ground.” They would tease her. “You're 3. shamed to birds,” they would offend her.
Cassie was feeling increasingly frustrated and 4. (use), so she made up her mind to leave the forest for good. Just as she walked free from trees, She heard a deep voice 5. (call) from behind. Cassie turned around. 6. was a large tree that signaled to her to come back into the forest. “We need you badly here, ” said the tree. “We rely on you 7. (eat) our fruits and spread our seeds. The other
birds may think you're worthless but you're actually 8. (much) useful bird in the forest. Please don't go, you are irreplaceable. Cassie beamed for the first time in many weeks and 9. (return) to the forest. The fruits had never tasted so good.
It's easy to compare your skills to the abilities of others and feel independent. It's easy to listen to the negative voices of others and believe them. But bear 10. mind that you're essential, you're remarkable and you're irreplaceable!
答案： fallen, wings, a, useless, calling, It, to eat, the most, returned, in