2024届高考英语复习之阅读理解词义猜测题课件(共23张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语复习之阅读理解词义猜测题课件(共23张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-07-23 22:41:28 | ||
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(共23张PPT)
阅读理解词义猜测题
目录
一、题型定义和设问类型
二、词义猜测题的逻辑
三、解题方法
什么是词义猜测题？
一
词义猜测题的定义
考察对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系）的理解的题目
词义猜测题的设问类型
类型1 : What does the underlined word/sentence "XXX" mean/refer to
类型2: The underlined word/sentence "XXX" probably refers to/means______.
类型3: The underlined phrase/word/sentence "XXX" in Paragraph xxx is closest in meaning to ______.
类型4: What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence
类型5: Which of the following can best replace the phrase/word/sentence "XXX in Paragraph XXX
类型6 : What is "XXX”...
单词、短语、句子
词义猜测题的逻辑？
马林诺夫斯基（波兰籍人类语言学家）
1.“如果没有语境，就没有意义”
2.语境：语言在运作过程中与之相关的语言或非语言成分，是产生话语的环境
3.“文化语境”（context of cluture）和“情境语境”（context of situation）
4.”情境语境“：言语行为发生时的具体情境
语境
上下文
词义猜测题我们考查什么能力？
——推测能力（依据上下文）
遇到认识的词能不能直接选择认识的意思呢？
——不能（认识或不认识都当不认识做）
问题一
问题二
怎么做题？
This is opposed to the "early bird" schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as "night owls" and only 10 percent can be classified as "early birds" - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.
代入理解法
45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "classified"
A. Criticized
B. Grouped
C. Organized
D. Named
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it".
29. The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ______.
A. compete for survival
B. protect their own wealth
C. depend on each other
D. provide support for dying tree
标点符号解释“（）”或“——”或“：”
However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who the "good old days", efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to conduct one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effect to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with the additional feature of having to be in the person's presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.
71. The underlined word "gadgets" is closest in meaning to ______.
A. tools
B. messages
C. barriers
D. skills
举例解释such as,like,for example,for instance,if/whether,when等
The CRF's produce is "green", made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series-with Sichuan pepper (辣椒), red bean (豆), cheese and other flavors-also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.
67. The words "chocolate snobs" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who ______.
A. are particular about chocolate
B. know little about cocoa beans
C. look down upon others
D. like to try new flavors
定语或同位语，非谓语动词解释连接词有who,that,which等
定语或同位语，非谓语动词解释连接词有who,that,which等
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
65. What does the underlined word "tyrannies" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Countries where their people need help.
B. Powerful states with higher civilization.
C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom
D. Governments ruled with absolute power.
定语或同位语，非谓语动词解释连接词有who,that,which等
The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic lights to turn green.
54. What is compared to "a steel river" in Paragraph6
A. A queue of cars
B. A ray of traffic light
C. A flash of lightning
D. A stream of people
解释说明——关注提示词
1.标点符号解释，如“（）”或“——”或“：”
2.举例解释：such as,like,for example,for instance,if/whether,when等
3.定语或同位语，非谓语动词解释，连接词有who,that,which等
因果because/as/since/for/so/so that/such...that
Situation IV
Q: If l remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened
A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. "Happy belated birthday!" is short for: "Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday."
27. The underlined word "belated" in Situation IV probably means.
A. predicted
B. returned
C. cancelled
D. delayed
并列（递进）and/also/on one hand...on the other hand/for one thing...for another thing/some...other+n./some...another
Was he talking about my wonderful Scola No, no, it can't be. What a helpless, lonely moment! I told him that Scola was a quiet, sweet little boy, instead. I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.
My son could not follow the teacher's directions, he told me, and thus, Scola was disrupting the class. Didn't he know my son did not speak English yet
58. What does the underlined word "disrupting" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Breaking
B. Following
C. Attending
D. Disturbing
转折（对比）but/although/though/as/while/even if/even though/yet/otherwise
Termites get a bum rap. They make headlines for chewing up billions of dollars of property each year in the U.S. And they are responsible for something like two percent of global carbon emissions, simply as a result of their huge populations and preference for chewing through carbon-rich materials. A whole industry is aiming at killing them.
But they play a key role in many natural ecosystems. Scientists have known for years that in tropical(热带的) forests, termites chew up fallen leaves and dead wood, keeping the fallen material under control.
28.Which of the following best explains "a bum rap" underlined in Paragraph 2.
A. Unfair blame.
B. Wide popularity.
C. Public attention.
D. Special preference.
逻辑推测——关注连接词
1.因果：because/as/since/for/so/so that/such...that
2.并列（递进）：and/also/on one hand...on the other hand/for one thing...for another thing/some...other+n./some...another
3.转折（对比）：but/although/though/as/while/even if/even though/yet/otherwise
In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort. One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment.
61. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate
A. It is wise to value one's time.
B. It is important to make an effort
C. It is right to stick to one's belief.
D. It is enough to do the necessary.
总结
解题方法
1.代入理解法
2.解释说明法
3.逻辑推测法
4.句意翻译法
无论多熟悉，都要根据上下文，得出在特定语境中的意思
无论多超纲，根据上下文都能得出意思
提醒一
提醒二
阅读理解词义猜测题
目录
一、题型定义和设问类型
二、词义猜测题的逻辑
三、解题方法
什么是词义猜测题？
一
词义猜测题的定义
考察对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系）的理解的题目
词义猜测题的设问类型
类型1 : What does the underlined word/sentence "XXX" mean/refer to
类型2: The underlined word/sentence "XXX" probably refers to/means______.
类型3: The underlined phrase/word/sentence "XXX" in Paragraph xxx is closest in meaning to ______.
类型4: What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence
类型5: Which of the following can best replace the phrase/word/sentence "XXX in Paragraph XXX
类型6 : What is "XXX”...
单词、短语、句子
词义猜测题的逻辑？
马林诺夫斯基（波兰籍人类语言学家）
1.“如果没有语境，就没有意义”
2.语境：语言在运作过程中与之相关的语言或非语言成分，是产生话语的环境
3.“文化语境”（context of cluture）和“情境语境”（context of situation）
4.”情境语境“：言语行为发生时的具体情境
语境
上下文
词义猜测题我们考查什么能力？
——推测能力（依据上下文）
遇到认识的词能不能直接选择认识的意思呢？
——不能（认识或不认识都当不认识做）
问题一
问题二
怎么做题？
This is opposed to the "early bird" schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as "night owls" and only 10 percent can be classified as "early birds" - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.
代入理解法
45. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word "classified"
A. Criticized
B. Grouped
C. Organized
D. Named
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it".
29. The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ______.
A. compete for survival
B. protect their own wealth
C. depend on each other
D. provide support for dying tree
标点符号解释“（）”或“——”或“：”
However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who the "good old days", efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes efficient, people are able to conduct one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and ipads, people often do not take the effect to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with the additional feature of having to be in the person's presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.
71. The underlined word "gadgets" is closest in meaning to ______.
A. tools
B. messages
C. barriers
D. skills
举例解释such as,like,for example,for instance,if/whether,when等
The CRF's produce is "green", made within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series-with Sichuan pepper (辣椒), red bean (豆), cheese and other flavors-also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.
67. The words "chocolate snobs" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who ______.
A. are particular about chocolate
B. know little about cocoa beans
C. look down upon others
D. like to try new flavors
定语或同位语，非谓语动词解释连接词有who,that,which等
定语或同位语，非谓语动词解释连接词有who,that,which等
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.
65. What does the underlined word "tyrannies" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Countries where their people need help.
B. Powerful states with higher civilization.
C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom
D. Governments ruled with absolute power.
定语或同位语，非谓语动词解释连接词有who,that,which等
The car is a convenient means of transport, but we have made it our way of life. Many people don't dare to approach nature any more; to them the world they were born to enjoy is all threat. To them security is a steel river thundering on a concrete road. And much of their thinking takes place while waiting for the traffic lights to turn green.
54. What is compared to "a steel river" in Paragraph6
A. A queue of cars
B. A ray of traffic light
C. A flash of lightning
D. A stream of people
解释说明——关注提示词
1.标点符号解释，如“（）”或“——”或“：”
2.举例解释：such as,like,for example,for instance,if/whether,when等
3.定语或同位语，非谓语动词解释，连接词有who,that,which等
因果because/as/since/for/so/so that/such...that
Situation IV
Q: If l remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened
A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. "Happy belated birthday!" is short for: "Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday."
27. The underlined word "belated" in Situation IV probably means.
A. predicted
B. returned
C. cancelled
D. delayed
并列（递进）and/also/on one hand...on the other hand/for one thing...for another thing/some...other+n./some...another
Was he talking about my wonderful Scola No, no, it can't be. What a helpless, lonely moment! I told him that Scola was a quiet, sweet little boy, instead. I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.
My son could not follow the teacher's directions, he told me, and thus, Scola was disrupting the class. Didn't he know my son did not speak English yet
58. What does the underlined word "disrupting" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Breaking
B. Following
C. Attending
D. Disturbing
转折（对比）but/although/though/as/while/even if/even though/yet/otherwise
Termites get a bum rap. They make headlines for chewing up billions of dollars of property each year in the U.S. And they are responsible for something like two percent of global carbon emissions, simply as a result of their huge populations and preference for chewing through carbon-rich materials. A whole industry is aiming at killing them.
But they play a key role in many natural ecosystems. Scientists have known for years that in tropical(热带的) forests, termites chew up fallen leaves and dead wood, keeping the fallen material under control.
28.Which of the following best explains "a bum rap" underlined in Paragraph 2.
A. Unfair blame.
B. Wide popularity.
C. Public attention.
D. Special preference.
逻辑推测——关注连接词
1.因果：because/as/since/for/so/so that/such...that
2.并列（递进）：and/also/on one hand...on the other hand/for one thing...for another thing/some...other+n./some...another
3.转折（对比）：but/although/though/as/while/even if/even though/yet/otherwise
In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort. One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment.
61. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate
A. It is wise to value one's time.
B. It is important to make an effort
C. It is right to stick to one's belief.
D. It is enough to do the necessary.
总结
解题方法
1.代入理解法
2.解释说明法
3.逻辑推测法
4.句意翻译法
无论多熟悉，都要根据上下文，得出在特定语境中的意思
无论多超纲，根据上下文都能得出意思
提醒一
提醒二