2024届高考英语：定语从句第一课时 关系代词和关系副词 课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
Attributive clause
Grammar
Attributives
Question: Which is an attributive clause
The red team
2. The team in red
3. The team who are wearing red
prepositional phrase
attributive clause
adjective
The team who are wearing red
Attributive clause
一、概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代
词的从句，称为定语从句。
其句子功能相当于形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。
The team who are wearing red
Attributive clause
二、结构
先行词+关系词+从句
先行词
关系词（引导词）
先行词是 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词；
而关系词是 引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词
The team who are wearing red
关系词
引导定语从句
代替先行词
在从句中担当一个成分
如主语subject，宾语object， 状语adverbial等
三、关系词的作用
1）
2）
3）
四、关系词分类
关系词 先行词 从句成分
代词 who
whom
that
which
形容词 whose
副词 when
where
why
as 人/物 主/宾/表
1. Do you know the man who / that spoke at the meeting just now
2. That is the house which / that / \ he lived in ten years ago.
3. He is not the man that he used to be.
4. The most important thing that / \ we should pay attention to is the first thing that I have said.
指人，作主语
指物，作宾语
指物，作宾语
指人，作表语
5. Martin Van Buren was the eighth President of the United States and the first president whose native language was not English but Dutch.
6. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house whose roof is under repair.
指人，作定语
指物，作定语
7. Everyone has periods in their lives when everything seems very hard.
8. That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
9. Can you tell me the reason why he didn’t come to the important meeting
指时间，作时间状语
指地点，作地点状语
指原因，作原因状语
四、关系词分类
关系词 先行词 从句成分
代词 who
whom
that
which
形容词 whose
副词 when
where
why
人
人
人/物
物
as 人/物 主/宾/表
主/宾
宾
主/宾/表
主/宾/表
人/物
定
时间
时间状语
地点
地点状语
原因
原因状语
五、定语从句解题步骤
一、扩 定语从句
（从 ________ 扩起，扩到 从句 结束；剩下的应该是 主句）
二、看定语从句的结构（是否缺主干成分），确定用关系代词还是关系副词还是形容词？
1、定从 缺主、宾、表，用关系代词；
2、定从 不缺主、宾、表，用关系副词；
3、要不要用 whose+n 引导定从；
三、看先行词指人还是物；时间、地点还是原因？
Practice
The man _________stands there is Tom.
The girl ____________I met is Ms Li.
The boy ________watch was lost is Tom.
The book _________lies on the desk is his.
The pen ___________you bought is good.
The magazine ________cover is red is nice.
This is the factory _____ I worked.
This is the place _______ I visited yesterday.
who / that
whom /who/ that
whose
which/that
which / that
whose
where
that/ which
Practice
9. The school shop, ___________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
10. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
11. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
12. The prize will go to the writer _________ story shows the most imagination.
whose
whose
where
when
Practice
13. Is there a bookshop around _____ I can buy an English dictionary
14. The man ______ lives next to us is my English teacher.
15. The girl ______ you saw in the street is Mary.
16. We all remember the days _____ we studied together at school.
17. The reason _______ he explained was worth considering.
where
who/ whom/ that
that/ which
who/that
when
六、定语从句的补充要点
注意点1 ：关系词的省略
例：The girl you saw in the street is Mary.
The advice he put forward was good.
省略的条件：
1）在限制性定语从句中;
2）关系代词;
3）在从句中作宾语
The most important thing ______ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said.
A. that, which
B. \, which
C. which, \
D. \, \
D
引导定语从句只能用that，不能用which的场合
1、先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词；或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时；
如：Is there anything that I can do for you in
town
2、先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first, the second…, the last修饰时；
如：The first thing that we should do is to
work out a plan.
注意点2
注意点2
3、先行词被the only，the very, the right修饰；
如：This is the only answer that I can give
you now.
4、先行词既有人又有物时；
如：Can you remember the scientist and his
theory that we have learned
5、当主句是由which引导的特殊问句时，为了避
免重复
如：Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
whose + n. 引导的定语从句的转换
例，I have a book whose cover is green.
= I have a book the cover of which is green.
= I have a book of which the cover is green.
归纳：
whose + n 可以转换为：
1）the + n. of whom (先行词是人) / the + n. of which (先行词是物)
2）of whom the + n. (先行词是人) / of which the + n. (先行词是物)
【提示】转换后的两种结构中的关键：名词前必须加定冠词the。
注意点3
Look out! Don’t get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.
A. whose
B. which
C. of which
D. that
A
The man pulled out a gold watch, _______ were made of small diamonds.
A. the hands of whom
B. whose the hands
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
D
that/who(m)指代人时的区别
当先行词是persons, people, those或he,
one, all, anyone, they等词时，多用who(m)。
如，Those who are for my plan put up your
hands.
2. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时用that
（在限制性定语从句中）。
如，She is not the woman that she used to
be. 她已经不是过去的她了。
3. 避免重复。
如，Who was the man that you danced with
last night
注意点4
注意点5
as引导限制性定语从句
1. I have bought such a watch as was advertised on TV.
2. He is so nice a person as everyone respects and likes.
3. We are facing the same problems as we had years ago.
4. I’ve never seen such a fool as he is.
指物，作主语
指人，作宾语
指物，作宾语
指物，作表语
归纳：
当限制性定语从句缺主干，且先行词被the same, so, such, as修饰时，用as引导
This is such a difficult problem ______ I can’t solve.
This is such a difficult problem ______ I can’t solve it.
as
that
定语从句
结果状语从句
归纳：
当从句缺主干时，用such/so…as引导定语从句；
当从句不缺主干时，用such/so…that引导结果状语从句；
误区警示
误区警示
the same +先行词
that从句（指同一物）
as从句
（指同类物品但不同物）
例，
It was the same pen that I lost yesterday.
这支笔就是我昨天丢失的那支笔.
I bought the same pen as I lost yesterday.
我买了一支和我昨天丢失的那支笔一样的笔.This is
注意点6
一些特殊的先行词
当定语从句结构的主干成分齐(即主、宾、
表成分齐），而且先行词为
case,situation,point,system,activity,war
,scene, stage, atmosphere等，关系副词
用where.
但是，当先行词为occasion 时，关系副词
用when.
如，
They have reached the point _________
they have to separate with each other.
Remember that there is still one point
_________ we must make clear.
that/ which
where
注意点7：the way作先行词
1. 若定语从句缺主语、宾语或表语，用that, which, \ (作宾语)
2. 若定语从句不缺主语、宾语或表语，用that, in which, \
What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.
A. the way
B. in the way that
C. in the way
D. the way which
A
The way ________ you thought of to solve the problem is wonderful.
A. which
B. in which
C. whom
D. whose
A
I don’t like _______ you learn English.
A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which
A
注意点8：带插入语的定语从句
例，There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
插入语有:
sb. think /believe /suppose /imagine /be sure /be afraid等；
解题技巧：把插入语划去不看
I will hire the man _______ they say is a good English speaker.
A. who
B. what
C. which
D. whom
A
Another try
1. The beautiful village, _______ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of a mountain.
A. what B. that
C. which D. where
D
2. We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
which B. that
C. where D. when
C
3. When you come to China you can’t help noticing a “can-do” attitude and a general sense that this is a society___ is looking ahead.
where B. as
C. / D. that
D
4. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _____ the name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.
A. which B. of which
C. that D. whose
B
5. We feed children ______ we think are hungry.
whom
B. who
C. whose
D. they
B
Check the answers
1.The book which/that/\ you want is on the desk.
2. The magazine which/that/\ he has taken away is mine.
3. The woman who/whom/that/\ you saw in the park is our geography teacher.
4. The play which/that/\ we saw last night was wonderful.
5. The boy who/that was here a minute ago is my brother.
6. Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.
who/ that
who/ whom/ that/ \
who/ whom/ that/\
whose
whose
that
that/ who/ whom/\
that/ which/ \
that/ which
10. who/ whom/ that/ \
11. that/ which
12. who
13. that/ which/ \
14. who/ that
15. whose
16. that/ which
17. the one
18. that/ which
19. that
20. who/ that; who