2023年英语中考一轮复习讲义 名词+冠词（无答案）

第一讲
名词 冠词
一．语法回顾--名词
名 词 专有名词 NBA Peter Coca Cola May Olympics Sunday
普 通 名 词 可数名词 个体名词 desk book apple room
集体名词 family group team class
不可数名词 物质名词 water milk bread rice meat
抽象名词 happiness friendship victory
考向 1名词词义辨析
分析广州近五年的中考可知，名词词义辨析是必考考点，并在完形填空中进行考查。对于此类型试题，掌握名词的含义是基础，分析句子的语境是关键。
【对点专练】
( ) 1. —Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou
—Yes, she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great _______.
A. surprise B. education
C. satisfaction D. achievement
( ) 2. The Belt and Road Initiative(一带一路倡议) has helped China improve _________ with those related countries, especially Pakistan.
A. agreement B. environment
C. relationship D. augment
( ) 3. —Could you tell me the ________ of the basketball game yesterday
—Of course I can. Our class won the game.
A. result B. difference C. program D. rule
( ) 4. —John, you’d better take out the rubbish and do the dishes now, or Mom will be mad if she sees this _______.
—All right. I do it right now.
A. matter B. mess C. trouble D. difficulty
( ) 5. —Do your classmates like the new maths teacher
—Yes, they do. She makes a good ______ on us.
A. expression B. impression C. pressure D. interview
【直击中考】名词在完形填空中的运用
广州近五年中考完形填空中，每年必考名词2~4道，对名词的考查主要是根据词汇复现与语境推断来确定答案的。
1. 词汇复现法
词汇复现是指文章中的某一词以原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、同源词或概括词等形式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过词汇的复现达到互相衔接。
(2020年广州卷24题)…Zebra stayed with his family until henoticed his favourite fruit—some berries…Zebra heard theloud cry. In a second, he turned around and ran back to his 24 .
( ) 24. A. friend B. family C. river D. fruit
(2019年广州卷22题) Tania suggested they make posters with Charlie’s 22 …When they got home, he made a poster witha photoof Charlie.
( ) 22. A. address B. character C. name D. picture
2.语境推断法
根据上下文的语境提示或暗示来推敲答案，切勿脱离文章以自己的主观判断进行选择。
(2019年广州卷17题) John looked around the garden, behind the bushes, andunder the picnic table. No dog! His mother heard the 17 in his voice as he called her a second time. “Mom, I can’t find Charlie!” …“ Don’t worry. I’m sure he’s close by.”
( ) 17. A. anger B. hope C. fear D. warning
(2018年广州卷16题) She aimed at a famous company, but the 16for such jobs was very strong. The company Jackie chose plannedto employ only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job.
( ) 16. A. exam B. work C. competition D. plan
考向 2名词的数
考点一： 可数名词
可数名词复数的规则变化
规则 读音 例子
1 一般情况在词尾加-s 在清辅音后读作/s/ map—maps, book—books, grape—grapes
在元音及浊辅音后读作/z/ member—members, apple—apples
2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es -es一般读作/iz/ class—classes, watch—watches
3 以f或fe结尾的名词变 f 或 fe为v再加-es -ves一般读作/vz/ leaf—leaves, thief—thieves, knife—knives, wife—wives
4 以y结尾的名词 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变 y 为 i，再加-es -ies一般读作/iz/ family—families, party—parties, story—stories, city—cities
以元音字母+y结尾的名词，在词尾加-s -s一般读作/z/ toy—toys, boy—boys, day—days
5 以o结尾的名词 有生命的一般加-es -es一般读作/z/ hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato—tomatoes
无生命的一般加-s -s一般读作/z/ piano—pianos, radio—radios, zoo—zoos, photo—photos
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的。现归纳如下：
规则 例子
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他变化形式 man—men,woman—women,policeman—policemen, foot—feet, tooth—teeth,goose—geese,mouse—mice, child—children
2 单复数同形 sheep, deer, fish
3 只有复数形式，与谓语动词的复数形式连用 Those clothes are new. My glasses are on the desk.
4 形式上为复数，但意义为单数 The news was surprising. Maths is my favourite subject.
5 一些集体名词形式上为单数，意义为复数 people, police, cattle(家畜),staff(工作人员)
6 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体），也可以作复数（成员） class, family, couple, group, government, population, team My family is going to move. 我要搬家了。(强调整体) My family all like watching TV. 我的家人都喜欢看电视。(强调成员)
7 复数形式表示特殊含义 times(时代), drinks(饮料), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑；智力), greens(青菜)
8 表示“某国人”变复数 加-s American—Americans,Australian—Australians, German—Germans,European—Europeans
单复数同形 Chinese, Japanese
以-man结尾的改为-men Englishman—Englishmen, Frenchman—Frenchmen
9 由两个名词组成的复合名词常把最后一个名词变成复数 apple trees, two toy stores
当第一个名词是woman或man时，两个名词都要变成复数 women doctors,two men workers
3.可数名词的量
表达方式和例子 可用于修饰可数名词的词或短语
与不定冠词a/an或基数词直接连用: a book→two books a student→three students 肯定意义 a few(几个), many(许多), a great number of(大量的) 如：a few apples, many students, a great number of maps
用 “基数词/不定冠词+量词+of+可数名词复数” 来表示它的量：
a pair of trousers→two pairs of trousers 否定意义 few
I eat few bananas, but I often eat a few apples.
我不吃香蕉，但我经常吃一些苹果。
【对点专练】
( ) 1. Four _______ and two _______ went traveling together across the desert in the northwest.
A. Chinese; Germen B. Chineses; Germans
C. Chinese; German D. Chinese; Germans
( ) 2. Hurry up! Some ________ and _______ are on sale in the supermarket.
A. tomato; egg B. tomatoes; egg
C. tomatoes; eggs D. tomato; eggs
( ) 3. —Sir, what can I do for you
—I’d like three ______.
A. box of potato B. boxes of potatoes
C. box of potatoes D. boxes of potato
( ) 4. People are so surprised to find that they are _______ who saved this family just now. How great they are!
A. woman firefighters B. women firefighter
C. women firefighters D. woman firefighter
( ) 5. There are always so many ________ in this restaurant. I’m not sure there will be a table available for us tonight.
A. people B. food C. fork D. waiter
考点二：不可数名词
1.不可数名词通常无单复数变化，不能直接与a或an连用
2.不可数名词的量
分类 规则 例子
具体的量 数词+量词+of+不可数名词 a piece of paper 一张纸 two pieces of paper 两张纸
大概的量 肯定意义 a little(一点), much(许多), too much(太多), a large amount of/a great deal of(大量的) 如：a little time/money, too much water
否定意义 little 如：There is little water in the bottle.
注意：常见的既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词的限定词有：（2020，2018，2017）, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of（2020）, a large quantity of
3. 常见的不可数名词
类别 例子
饮食 milk, water, juice, tea, coffee, wine, food, beef, rice, bread, salt, corn, oil, beer, soup, meat, pork, cheese, butter, wheat
材料 wood, gold, glass, silk, metal, plastic, cotton, wool
自然 earth, light, rain, wind, ice, grass, weather, universe, sunshine, snow, fire
其他 advice, time, money,news , housework, homework, knowledge, music, help, information, trouble, fun, success, surprise, progress, pity, pleasure, treasure, shame，humour
4.有些名词既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同
单词 词义 单词 词义
可数名词 不可数名词 可数名词 不可数名词
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 experience 经历 经验
fish 鱼（类） 鱼肉 orange 橙子 橙汁
room 房间 空间 time 次；倍数 时间
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 life 生命 生活
rain 一场雨 雨水 work 作品 工作
weight 砝码 重量 height 高处 高度，身高
【对点专练】
( ) 1. Lucy’s mother often buys some ______ to make _____ juice if she has spare time.
A. oranges; orange B. oranges; oranges
C. orange; oranges D. orange; orange
( ) 2. —I’d like ______ grapes and pears.
—Oh, I only need ______ apple juice.
A. some; a few B. a few; some
C. a little; few D. a little; a few
( ) 3. Joe has got lots of valuable ______ from the development project in China and he will never forget all the ______ of travelling around China.
A. experience; experiences B. experience; experience
C. experiences; experiences D. experiences; experience
( ) 4. —What else do we need to make cold beef
—_______.
A. Two spoons salt B. Two spoons of salts
C. Two spoons of salt D. Two spoon of salt
( ) 5. The problems are difficult to solve. Please give me_______.
A. many advice B. some advice
C. an advice D. some advices
考向3名词的所有格
’s所有格：有生命的以及表示时间、距离、国家等的名词，常用 ’s属格表所属关系
使用场合与构成方法 例子
1 单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, today’s newspaper
2 复数名词 一般在末尾加’ Teachers’ Day, five weeks’ holiday
不规则复数名词后加’s Children’s Day, men’s room
3 “各有”关系在每个名词后分别加’s Jane’s and Mary’s bikes(两人各自所有)
“共有”关系在最后一个名词后加’s Jane and Mary’s bike(两人共有)
4 在表示“某人家” 、 “店铺”时，一般省略它所修饰的名词 my uncle’s = my uncle’s house我叔叔的家 the doctor’s, the Smith’s,
2.of所有格：无生命的名词，常用of属格表所属关系
3.双重所有格：’s属格与of属格相结合
4.特殊形式
【对点专练】
( ) 1.______fathers will come to the parents’ meeting together. You will see them then.
A. Betty and Julie’s B. Betty’s and Julie’s
C. Betty and Julie D. Betty’s and Julie
( ) 2. —We will have a _____ holiday this May Day vacation.What about having a self-driving tour
—Better not. There will be traffic jams everywhere.
A. four-day B. four day’s
C. four-days D. four days
( ) 3. A classmate of _______ was here ten minutes ago. But she left when she didn’t find you.
A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
( ) 4. Mary’s skirt is the same as her________. When theywear the skirts, they look like twins.
A. sisters B. sister C. sister’s D. sisters’
( ) 5. —June 1st is _______ Day all over the world. —We all like it very much.
A. Child’s B. Child C. Children’s D. Childrens’
语法回顾--冠词
冠词是置于名词之前，说明某些含义的虚词。冠词分为不定冠词a/an、定冠词the和零冠词。a/an只用在单数可数名词之前，通常表示泛指含义；the用在单数或复数的可数名词及不可数名词之前，通常表示特指含义。
考向1 不定冠词a/an
分析广州近五年中考真题可知，不定冠词an（5年2考）为每年的重要考点，主要在语法选择中考查。不定冠词a/an一般有any或one的意思，不强调数目概念，只用来泛指事物，说明其名称或种类。
用法 例子
a 用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前 a woman, a university, a European country, a one-week trip
an 用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前 an egg, an umbrella, an American, an idea
注：①此处的辅音音素和元音音素指单词读音的第一个音素。
26个字母中，读音为元音音素开头的有12个：a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
②常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a或an的情况：
A a an ancient story, an artist, an aunt, an Asian country, an American girl
E e a European country, an exciting job, an egg, an 8-year-old boy, an 11-year-old boy
I i an idea, an interesting story
O o an orange, an old man, an Olympic star
U u a useful book, a university, an umbrella, an ugly man, an uncle, an unusual story, an unhappy day
特别记忆 an honest boy, an hour
用法 例子
常见用法 1. 用于第一次提到的人或事物的名词前 I have a new book. 我有一本新书。
2. 泛指某个人、某一类人或物 A boy is waiting for you. 一个男孩正在等你。
3. 表示数量 “一个” ，相当于one I have a mouth and a nose.我有一张嘴和一个鼻子。
4. 用于某些不可数名词前，表示 “一次、一阵、一份、一种” 等（抽象名词具体化） There will be a heavy rain tomorrow.
明天将有一场大雨。
a big surprise(惊喜), a pleasure(乐事), a pity(遗憾),a great success(成功), have a good time(时光)
5. 用在序数词前，表示 “又一、再一” She has got two sons, but she wants to have a third-one.
她已经有两个儿子了，但她还想再要一个。
6. 用于固定搭配或习惯用法 as a result, a couple of, in a hurry, in a minute, go for a walk, have a cold, have a rest, have a good time, once upon a time, half an hour, a few, a little, a lot of, a bit(of)
特殊 用法 1. 用于 “quite,rather, such+a/an+单数名词” 中 This room is rather/quite a big one 这个房间相当大。
I have never seen such a person 我从来没见过这样的人。
2. 用于 “What+a/an+形容词+名词+（主语+谓语）” 的感叹句中 What a beautiful girl(she is)！
（她是）一个多么美丽的女孩啊！
What an interesting book(it is)！
（这是）一本多么有趣的书啊！
【对点专练】
( ) 1. These days, the Internet culture is such ______ importantpart of society that it has even influenced our way of thinking.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 2. —Is he ______ American or ______ European
—Neither. In fact, he is from Australia.
A. an; an B. a; an C. an; a D. a; a
( ) 3. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the world’s longest sea-based project, brings people in those three cities within _______“one-hour living circle”.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 4. —Is Ge You _______ actor in China
—Yeah. You can see his wonderful acting in the film My People, My Country.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 5. —It seems that your daughter show _______ interest inplaying the violin.
—Exactly. Her teacher says she has _______ gift for music.
A. a; an B. an; a C. a; a D. an; an
考向2 定冠词
分析广州近五年中考真题可知，定冠词the（5年3考）也是重要考点，主要在语法选择中考查。
用法 例子
1. 特指的人、事物或上文提过的人或事物 A boy is over there and the boy is crying.
有一个男孩在那边，他正在哭。
2. 用于世上独一无二的事物名词或专有名词前(国家、组织、机构等) the moon, the Great Wall, the UK, the US
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
3. 用于单数可数名词前，表示某一类人或事物 The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种很有用的动物。
4. 用于姓氏复数前，表示 “某人一家” ，谓语动词用复数 The Greens work in the same company.
格林一家人在同一家公司上班。
5. 用于形容词前，表示某一类人，谓语动词用复数 the rich(富人), the poor(穷人), the sick(病人)
The young are kind to the old. 年轻人对老人很友善。
6. 用于西洋乐器前 I can play the violin and my sister can play the guitar. 我会拉小提琴，我的姐姐会弹吉他。
7. 用于序数词、形容词最高级前、比较级的特殊句型和表示年代的数词中 We live on the fifth floor. 我们住在五楼。
He is the tallest student in his class. 他是班上最高的学生。
The more, the better. 多多益善。
in the 1990s 在20世纪90年代
8. 用于江河湖海、山川群岛、方位的名词之前 the Yellow River, the Pacific(太平洋), in the south of China
Xinjiang is in the west of China. 新疆在中国的西部。
9. 用于身体部位的名词前 He patted me on the shoulder. 他拍了拍我的肩膀。
10. 用于固定搭配或习惯用法 at the beginning of, at the end of, at the same time, at the age of, at the bottom of, go to the cinema, look the same, by the way, the day before yesterday
【对点专练】
( ) 1. —Have you seen The Wandering Earth
—Yes. This is _____ educational film and it had become one of _______ most sensational(轰动的) films in the world.
A. an; / B. a; the C. an; the D. / ; the
( ) 2. — ______ Smiths are used to living in Shanghai.
—We hope more and more foreign friends live ______ better life in China.
A. / ; a B. The; an C. The; a D. / ; the
( ) 3. —Do you know ______ girl under the tree
—She is Mary. It’s raining hard and she needs ______ umbrella.
A.the; an B. a; an C. the;／ D. the; a
( ) 4. —Is ______ interesting book on the table yours I want to buy one.
—Yes. I order it online.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 5. Disney research center creates ______ unusual robot which can draw pictures on the beach. ______ robot is 60 cm long and 40 cm high.
an; A B. an; The C. a; A D. a; The
考向3 零冠词
用法 例子
1. 专有名词前(人名、地名等) Jack, Peking University, China
2. 年、月、星期前 in 2006, in March, on Sunday
季节、节假日前 （春节等节日除外） in spring, on Teachers’ Day
△the Spring Festival(春节)，
△the Dragon Boat Festival(端午节)
4. 球类、棋类和学科前 play basketball(volleyball), play chess, learn chemistry
5. 三餐前一般不用冠词
*三餐前如有形容词修饰，则用不定冠词 have breakfast(lunch, supper, dinner),have…for breakfast
have a big/quick breakfast
6. 名词前有限定词时 指示代词(this, that, these, those)
形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, their)如：this tree, my pen
7. 与by连用，放在表示交通工具的名词前 by train(bus, car, ship)，by air(乘飞机)， by sea(乘船)
8. 用于固定搭配或习惯用法 at home, at work, at lunch, at least, at once
in fact, in trouble, in danger, in time, on time
【对点专练】
( ) 1._______116-year-old Japanese woman who still enjoys studying ______ maths has been recognized as the world’s oldest person.
A. The; / B. A; the C. The; the D. An; /
( ) 2. —Will you get there by _____ train
—No, I’ll take _____ taxi.
A. / ; a B. a; / C. / ; / D. a; a
( ) 3. —What are you going to do this weekend
—I am going to have ______ picnic on ______ Sunday.
A. the; an B. an; the C. a; / D. an; /
( ) 4. Anna’s hobbies are playing _____ piano and playing ______ basketball.
A. / ; the B. / ; / C. the; / D. the; the
( ) 5. Lily and Gina are good friends. They often have _____ lunch together at school.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【直击中考】冠词在语法选择中的运用
在广州近五年中考语法选择中，冠词5年5考，其中不定冠词an 5年2考（表泛指），定冠词the 5年3考（2次表特指，1次是固定用法）。针对该考点，考生需要先判断是用不定冠词还是定冠词。
1. 表示特指含义用定冠词the
①若表示特定的人、事物或在上文提及过的人或事物，用定冠词the；②西洋乐器前，用定冠词the。
（2016年广州卷6题）
One year, there was a young man who received his share of the potatoes. As the other villagers were working, he walked aroundthe village laughing and talking. 6 villagers thought he was lazy,and they worried that this man would never get his potatoes ready in time.
( ) 6. A. A B. An C. The D. /
（2018年广州卷3题）
He began learning to play 3 violin when he was 20 years old.
( ) 3. A. a B. an C. the D. /
表示泛指含义用不定冠词a/an
①若人或事物在文中第一次提到，或表示数量“一个、一种”等，用不定冠词a/an；②判断用a还是an，要根据空格后紧跟的单词的读音的第一个音素来判断。若单词的读音以辅音音素开头，则用不定冠词a；若以元音音素开头，则用不定冠词an。
（2020年广州卷4题）
His wife, Alice, is angry. “You must do something!”David thinks hard and has 4 idea.
( ) 4. A. a B. an C. the D. /
【冠词专练】
( ) 1. Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite. They made a cross with some wood sticks, and then Judie painted a butterfly on a piece of white paper. Next they stuck the paper on the cross. Finally they tied a long tail to the bottom. The next morning, they took _______ kite to the park and tested it.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 2. 5G promises much faster data download(下载) and upload speeds. This means that you will be able to download ______ movie in seconds and only experience a short delay(延迟) between sending and receiving data.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 3. In 2008, he decided to buy an empty house not far from his own home, and he started to renovate(整修) it. After that he used ______ house to hold exhibitions and meetings.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
( ) 4. Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging for me because I was only ten years old. During ______ first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers and trees, and the birds’ singing, but as time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs, I wanted to give up.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 5. On June 27, 2019, Yuan Longping attended the first China-Africa Economic and Trade Expo which was held in Changsha, Hunan. He gave _____ speech in English. He said that China is working on researching the super hybrid(杂交的) rice and wants to help other countries deal with the problem of food shortage(缺乏).
a B. the C. an D. /
【语法选择演练】越秀区2021一模
A blind boy sat on the steps of a building with a hat by his feet. He held up a sign which said:“I am blind, please help.” There were not 1 coins in the hat.
A man was walking by. He took a few coins 2 his pocket and dropped them into the hat. Hethen took the sign, turned it around, and wrote some words. He put the sign back so that 3 whowalked by would see the new words.
Soon the hat 4 with coins. A lot more people were giving money to the blind boy. Thatafternoon the man who had changed the sign came to see how things were. The boy recognized hisfootsteps and asked, “Were you the one 5 changed my sign this morning What did you write ”The man said,“I only wrote the 6 . I said what you said, 7 in a different way. I wrote: ‘Today is a beautiful day, but I cannot see it.’”
8 signs told people that the boy was blind. But the first sign simply said the boy was blind.The second sign told people that they were 9 lucky that they were not blind. Should we be 10 that the second sign was more effective
Moral of the Story:
Be thankful for what you have. Be creative. Think 11 and positively. When life gives you 100 reasons to cry, 12 life that you have 1000 reasons to smile.
Face your past without regret. Handle your present with confidence. Prepare for the futurewithout fear. Keep the faith and drop the fear.
The most beautiful thing is 13 a person smiling. And even 14 is, knowing that you are 15 reason behind it!
1. A. much B. little C. many D. few
2. A. in B. through C. from D. to
3. A. something B. nobody C. anything D. everyone
4. A. filled B. was filled C. had filled D. was filling
5. A. who B. which C. what D. whom
6. A. true B. truth C. truly D. truer
7. A. but B. and C. so D. or
8. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All
9. A. too B. just C. almost D. so
10. A. surprise B. surprised C. surprising D. surprisingly
11. A. different B. difference C. differently D. differ
12. A. show B. to show C. showing D. shows
13. A. sees B. saw C. seen D. to see
14. A. beautiful B. more beautiful C. most beautiful D. beautifully
15. A. a B. an C. / D. the
【完形填空】
技巧1：上下文联系，推理判断
联系上下文，寻求吻合信息，使得篇章连贯、通顺、合理。
推理决断包括了细节判断、常识判断、情感判断等。
【典例训练】
People started making fun of her for being a good student and knowing all the answers.She went on to say that every time she answered a question correctly in class, everyone would start shouting and saying that she was too for them.
A. clever B. slow C. noisy D. proud
“Clean up the world” has grown and his wonderful idea has now spread from one city to the whole world.
A..loudly B. gently C. rapidly D. busily
“Oh, my God!” My wife rushed in angrily. I looked at my son, and his small face was filled with.
A. happiness B. hope C. fear D. anger
【完形填空演练】越秀区2021一模
On February 12th, Dalian (not his real name) was taking a train to Changsha, Hunan, for abusiness trip. While on the train, he went into a carriage to have lunch there. He didn’t know thatthe carriage was 16 for people going to Wuhan.
Several hours 17 , when the train arrived in Wuhan, Dalian was asked to get off, as he was inthe special carriage. Although he was surprised, he didn’t want to cause trouble and got off thecarriage with just a 18 bag in a hurry.
Because of the epidemic(疫情), Wuhan had been locked down. So Dalian couldn’t find a 19 to stay in. Feeling at a loss, he saw a notice online looking for 20 to work in hospitals.Dalian decided to give it a try.
He soon became a volunteer in Wuhan No.1 Hospital. He was responsible for taking out rubbish, sweeping the floor, disinfecting (消毒) the hospital, 21 used protective suits and bringing meals to patients.
The young man, who is from northeast China, had to work 12 hours every day, 22 hisprotective suit three times a day. While working, he couldn’t 23 anything or go to the washroom.He also had to be close to infected patients, which is risky.
Dalian was afraid of getting infected at first, but after he saw more patients get 24 , his feargradually went away.
Dalian’s 25 has become famous online. People described him as having“a heart of gold”.
16. A. probably B. only C. certainly D. nearly
17. A. ago B. then C. soon D. later
18. A. pretty B. heavy C. single D. huge
19. A. hotel B. hospital C. factory D. restaurant
20. A. workers B. volunteers C. doctors D. nurses
21. A. looking for B. taking off C. staring at D. dealing with
22. A. changing B. keeping C. washing D. wearing
23. A. say B. see C. drink D. do
24. A. worse B. better C. nicer D. weaker
25. A. word B. work C. life D. experience
【阅读技巧】
阅读理解之主旨大意题
一、主旨命题特点
主旨题是考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。
主旨问题是阅读理解题较难回答的题型。纵观广州中考阅读理解，主旨题每年会占一至二个，学生在这一块丢分比较严重。
二、主旨大意题题型特点
(1) Which is the best title of the passage
(2) Which of the following is this passage about
(3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that .
(4) The passage tells us that____.
(5) This passage mainly talks about____.
三、主旨大意题技巧方法
最有效的办法是找出主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：
（1）主题句在段首或篇首
主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文， 议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。
（2）主题句在段末或篇末
用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。
If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer. They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes look and fit better than more expensive clothes.
评析：这段文章前面列举了两件事实：如果你买一些制作优良的衣服，你会省钱，因为这些衣服能穿得时间长一些。即使他们洗了很多次，仍然看起来很好。有时有些衣服花得前更多，但并不意味着这些衣服做得更好。最后一句话是对这两个事实的概括：有些价钱便宜的衣服比价钱贵的衣服更好看，更合身。段末这个句子就是主题句。
（3）无主题句
有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。那么可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。
注意事项
作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨;
首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨;
注意首段和各段第一句话,将其含义连接成一个整体
小心“首段陷阱”，不要一看开头就选择答案
抓“主题句”主题句：凡表述段落（或短文）主旨大意的句子。
标题三个特点
（1）总领性强，概括性强
（2）结构简单，不用难句　　
（3）其他句子解释、支撑或扩展主题句，起服从、论证、补充的作用
【常见干扰项】
1.可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。
2.可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
3.可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
【典例训练】
All students of geography should be able to explain a weather map exactly. Weather condition is a huge amount of information about condition at a time of observation over a large geographical area. They show in a few minutes what otherwise would take hours to describe. The United States Weather Office gives out information about coming storms, floods, freeze, dryness, and all climatic conditions in general. Twice a month it gives out a 30-day “out-look” which is a basic guide to weather conditions likely to happen all over the United States.
Question：What is the main idea of this passage
A. Weather maps are very important to students of geography.
B. Weather maps can have a 30-day “outlook”.
C. Students of geography should be able to make weather maps exactly.
D. Those who major in geography should have the ability to have a good understanding of a weather map.
【学以致用】
A
A survey has been published which shows that British people don’t like their neighbors very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbors hardly pay attention to other’s feelings. 25% don’t talk to the people who live next door and 10% don’t even know their names. In fact, one million people in Britain would like to move because they don’t get along well with their neighbors.
According to the survey, the biggest problem is noise. Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These places often have thin walls which can’t stop the noise from next door.
The other main problems are disagreements(不和) about car parking spaces, and old people complaining about the young. Some disagreements last a long time. In one case, people who live in the same building haven’t talked to each other for fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violence. In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbor because he kept parking in “his space”.
Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbors never share a meal, 80% have never had a drink together and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbors become each other’s friends, they are often ready to offer help, as we can see in many parts of the world.
One solution（解决办法） to such problems is to talk about them with a professional(专业的) organization and, if necessary, to sign a written agreement. Now people can get this service in more and more towns.
Question：What is the third paragraph about
A. How to solve the problem. B. Old people and the young.
C. How the survey was done. D. The other main problem.
B
Your busy school life is going to end soon. What do you plan to do for your summer holiday How about going camping Camping trips can be a great way to relax and learn new things. If you have a good plan for your camping trip, you will have a good one. Of course different places offer different challenges, so start by making a list of things you might need for your trip.
First, consider what kind of trip you want. This will help you enjoy your trip. If you are planning activities, you must be honest with yourself and make sure that you can deal with the challenges you will face. If the challenges are too hard, the camping trip will make you feel tired and sad. You should also think about what to do if you meet some wild animals on your trip, such as bears, snakes or spiders.
You should also think about the weather. You must bring everything you need for the trip. For camping trips in some far places, you may need special vehicles. You must first think about how you are going to get there. You also need maps if you don’t want to get lost. You have to consider food and places where you will sleep. Water is also important because you need to drink lots of it every day. If you’d like more information about camping trips, you can find other articles at http. // www. .
Question： The passage was written to .
A. give some advice on your camping trip B. remind travelers to stay safe
C. advice people to go to far places for camping D. advertisement about camping trips on the Internet.
课后作业
完成句子
1．珠江的夜景真美!
________ ________ the night view of the Pearl River is!
2．你知道“北斗三号”成功发射意味着什么
Do you know ________ the successful launch of BeiDou-3 ________
3．《你好，李焕英》很感人，许多人看电影时忍不住落泪。
Hi, Mom is ________ moving ________ many people can’t help crying while watching it.
4．为了节约粮食，最近很多同学都加入了“光盘行动”。
Recently many students have ________________ “Clear your plate” campaign to save the food.
5．第24届冬奧会2022年在北京举行。
The 24 winter Olympic Games ________ ________ ________ in Beijing in 2022.
6．车停了再下。
Don’t ________ ________ the bus ________ it ________.
7．要学好英语不是一件很难的事。
________ ________ hard ________ ________ English well.
8．我父亲上星期为我买了一只新手表。
A new watch ________ ________ for me by my father.
9．多么美丽而宁静的夜晚啊!
________ ________ ________ and quiet night it is!
10．我想知道他是否能按时完成这项任务。
I wonder ________ ________ ________ ________the project on time.
语法选择
When you hear the word“hero”, you may think of someone like Mahatma Gandhior Nelson Mandela. But 1 are also “everyday” heroes they may not bewell-known to the public, but they do what they can 2 improve people’s lives.Everyday heroes are ordinary people 3 are working to build a better world.Among them is Robert Lee.
As Lee’s family was not rich, he learned the importance of 4 the waste offood at his early age. In college, being part of a student group, he and his team 5 out leftover (剩余的) food to homeless people. This experience made him 6 the serious problem of food wastage.
After university, Lee and his friend set up 7 organization called RescuingLeftover Cuisine (RLC). 8 purpose is to collect unsold food from restaurants.Volunteers pick up the food from restaurants around the city and hand it out to those in need in shelters(收容所).
RLC 9 as the followings. Using the phone app developed by Lee’s team,restaurants report 10 each day. Then volunteers near that area 11 to getit. The distance is usually short, 12 volunteers can just walk from therestaurants to the shelters. The homeless there can get the food 13 a few minutes’time.
So far, Lee and his team have not only saved over 150,000 kilograms of food 14 , but provided almost 300,000 meals for people in need. Lee has shown that asmall action can havea 15 influence than we imagine.
1. A. they B. there C. these D. those
2. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped
3. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
4. A. avoid B. avoided C. avoiding D. to avoid
5. A. were giving B. was giving C. would give D. gave
6. A. realize B. realizing C. to realize D. realized
7. A. a B. an C. the D. /
8. A. It B. It’s C. Its D. Itself
9. A. operate B. operates C. operated D. will operate
10. A. how much leftover food did they have B. how much leftover food they had
C. how much leftover food do they have D. how much leftover food they have
11. A. send B. sent C. are sent D. were sent
12. A. so B. because C. and D. or
13. A. in B. for C. by D. at
14. A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully
15. A. great B. greater C. greatest D. the greatest
广州中考英语“语法选择”考点列表
语法选择考点分类 对应题号 ↓ 正确√ 错误ⅹ
词类 名词 可数/不可数
单数/复数
名词所有格
冠词 a/an/the/零冠词
代词 人称代词（主格/宾格）
物主代词 （形容词性/名词性）
反身代词
指示代词
关系代词
数词 基数词/序数词
分数/百分数
介词及介词短语
连词
形容词和 副词
动词 实义动词及其短语
系动词
情态动词
六种时态
被动语态
非谓语动词 动词不定式
动名词
过去分词
句式 感叹词 What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+（S+V）
How+adj./adv.+(S+V)
状语从语 时间状语从句
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
让步状语从句
目的状语从句
结果状语从句
比较状语从句
定语从句 先行词+关系代词/关系副词引导的从句
宾语从句 （that）从句
wh-从句
if/whether从句
情景反应
错 题 解 析
错误原因 题号 共扣去的分数
（1）题目理解不准确而错误
（2）因粗心而错误
（3）表述不规范或不正确
（4）知识点掌握不熟
（5）做题速度慢而没时间做
你觉得哪个知识点最薄弱？