2024届高三英语二轮复习：被动语态课件（56张）

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高考英语语法-被动语态
2023.07.11
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语态
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语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系。分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：主语是动作的发起者
被动语态：主语是动作的承受者
各种句式
PART 01
句式
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肯定句式：
主语+was/were + p.p（过去分词）
This song was first sung by Roger.
I was invited to the concert yesterday.
句式
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否定句式
主语+be+not+p.p
The car was not made in China.
The glass was not broken by Mary.
句式
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一般疑问句式
Be+主语+p.p
Is the book written by Sakespeare
Was this library built in the 1960’s
句式
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特殊疑问句式
特殊疑问词+be+主语+p.p
When was the football team set up
What was stolen last night
各种时态形式
PART 02
时态形式
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一般现在时的被动语态：
Am/is/are + p.p
He is loved by all his pupils.
The little boy is called Alva.
时态形式
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一般过去时的被动语态：
Was/were+p.p
I was brought up by my aunt.
The letter was written in Spanish.
时态形式
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一般将来时的被动语态：
Will/be going to/be to +p.p
When will the work be finished
I shall be given a chance to play in this game again.
The problem is going to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
The mid-term examination is to be held on April 10.
时态形式
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现在进行时的被动语态：
Be +being +p.p
The school library is now being built.
Is the accident now being looked into
时态形式
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现在完成时的被动语态：
Had been+p.p
Had the fire been put out when the firefighters arrived
The room had been broken into before we came.
时态形式
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They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _____(rebuild).
Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now ___(repay) later in life.
时态形式
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After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _______(rescue) four days later.
His method should be popularized; it _____ (prove) practical
时态形式
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-I have just received another message telling me I have won a big prize.
-don’t fall for it . You _____
A . Should be cheated
B . Are being cheated
C . Have been cheated
D . Must have cheated
用法
PART 03
用法
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动作发起者不清楚/没有必要提及/泛指的概念（people、ones）
Three people were injured.
The building was burnt down.
When will the result be announced
The little boy was nearly drowned.
It is believed that the work will be completed successfully.
用法
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强调动作承受者
This poem was written by Wiltman.
The children were tended by neighbors.
The plan was successfully carried out.
用法
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出于礼貌不提及动作发起者
My diary book has been browsed.
I had been told many times not to make a noise.
It is hoped that such things would not happen again.
用法
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用于使句子流畅
The plan was supported by those who wish to live on the campus.
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
All these advertisements were made by our company, which was set up in 1990.
用法
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用于表示新闻标题、解说、科学文章
Smoking is strictly prohibited here.
The mixture is placed in a crucible and is heated to a temperature of 300℃.
用法
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特殊用法：
We should be devoted to what we do.
She was seated by the window.
He is dressed very well.
He was born in Malaysia.
My hometown is situated in southern Shandong province.
注意事项
PART 04
注意事项
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被动形式表示主动意义
①动词+反身代词主动改成被动形式之后，被动形式具有主动意义
She usually dresses herself in white.→she is usually dressed in white.
The boy seated himself by the window.→the boy was seated by the window.
We rather concern ourselves about father’s health.→we are rather concerned about father’s health.
the scientist devoted himself to physics all his life.
注意事项
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被动形式表示主动意义
②表示情感或者心情的形容词，做表语
I am pleased to meet you at the party.
We were all surprised at his failure.
Are you satisfied with the work.
Told not to go with us , she felt disappointed.
注意事项
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主动形式表示被动意义
①连系动词
sound, taste, feel , look, appear, seem, prove
Your idea sounds great.
The cloth feels smooth.
She looks young for her age.
The dish tastes delicious.
注意事项
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主动形式表示被动意义
②有一些不及物动词也可以用被动
品质性能：lock、shut、open、read、write、sell、wash、clean、draw、cut、translate
The door locks easily.
The cloth washes well.
The pen writes smoothly.
注意事项
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主动形式表示被动意义
②有一些不及物动词也可以用被动
发生：happen、take place、occur、break out、burst out
The war broke out in 1937.
The meeting takes place next Monday.
The story happened in the 1980’s.
注意事项
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主动形式表示被动意义
③介词短语
The question is now under discussion.
The fire was finally under control.
More buildings are under construction.
Your application for this post is under consideration.
The project is in the charge of a Japanese expert.
注意事项
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Though I _______(warn) not to buy more new clothes, I did buy that fancy dress at length. The cloth feels smooth and ______(wash) easily.
The diamond mine_____(discover) accidently by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek.
被动语态和系表结构的区别
PART 05
区别
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用法：
被动语态强调动作，系表结构强调状态
I was interested by the teacher’s joke.
I am interested in literature.
The window was broken by the little boy.
The window was broken.
区别
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介词：
被动语态常常用by来引出动作的发起者，但是系表结构结构有多种介词比如about、on、in
I was interested by what you showed me.
I’m interested in collecting stamps, raising birds and fishing.
区别
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修饰词：
被动语态常用greatly , much修饰；系表结构常用very , quite , rather , more , most , too , so 修饰
We were greatly moved by what the boy did.
He was much excited by the news.
区别
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状语：
地点、时间状语一般都是被动
The work must be finished by the end of the week.
He was injured in the accident.
区别
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助动词与系动词：
被动语态只能用be动词，系表结构可以用多种系动词
系动词：become, get, turn, sound, lie, look, keep, remain, seem, appear
She became interested in maths .
The work remained unfinished.
区别
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时态：
被动语态有多种时态，而系表结构只有一般时和完成时
The machine is being repaired.
The problem will be discussed next week.
高考英语语法-虚拟语气
2023.07.11
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语气
PART 01
语气
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语气和时态、语态一样，是动词的一种形式，表明说话者的意图和目的。英语中有四种语气：陈述语气、疑问语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
语气
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陈述语气：陈述一个事实或提出一个想法的语气
The weather is looking up.
疑问语气：用来提出问题或询问情况的语气
Do you have a camera
祈使语气：用来对对方提出邀请、请求，给予忠告、指示、警示、命令
Come on and take a seat.
虚拟语气：表示一种假想或主观愿望
If I were you, I would forgive Mary.
在条件句中的用法
PART 02
用法
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真实条件句（很有可能发生）：
常用if, unless, once, as/so long as, on condition that进行引导
If I have time , I would choose to work in a small town.
If we leave now, we can still catch the bus.
If he has written the letter, I’ll post it.
用法
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虚拟条件句：往往指不能实现或纯属想象的情况。
①对现在情况进行虚拟
条件句用一般过去时，主句用could/should/would/might +动词原形
If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town.
If the weather were fine now, we would have a picnic.
If I had a map now, we would easily get out of the forest.
If you tried again, you might succeed.
If lucy weren’t ill she would be the first to come.
用法
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虚拟条件句：往往指不能实现或纯属想象的情况。
②对过去情况进行虚拟
条件句用过去完成时，主句用could/should/would/might +现在完成时
If you had come yesterday, you would have met Georgia.
If it had not been for your help yesterday, I couldn’t have caught the train.
If you had worked hard, you would have easily passed the final test.
用法
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虚拟条件句：往往指不能实现或纯属想象的情况。
③对将来情况进行虚拟
条件句：①should+动词原形②动词的过去分词③were/was to do
主句：could/should/would/might +动词原形
If you should have any difficulty in getting the information, you could come to my office.
If we should come tomorrow, we could meet the general manager.
If it snowed tomorrow, our plan would be postponed.
If I were to do the job, I would do it in a different way.
用法
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虚拟条件句：往往指不能实现或纯属想象的情况。
④综错时间条件句
主句和条件句的发生时间是不一致的，按照对应的时间来用不同时态
If you had taken my advice then（过去）, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.（现在）
If it had rained last night, it might be very cold today.
If she were to leave ,I would have heard about it.
用法
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虚拟条件句：往往指不能实现或纯属想象的情况。
⑤含蓄条件句
它看不出虚拟语气但是语义上是虚拟的
Without electricity(=if there were no electricity), the world would be black.
But for your advice, I wouldn’t have made such great progress.
在名词性从句中的用法
PART 02
用法
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Wish+宾语从句
如果用一般过去时，表示与现在相反；用过去完成时表示与过去相反，could/would+v表示与将来相反
I wish I lived on the seashore.(与现在相反)
I wish you had come to the wedding.（与过去相反）
I wish I could know the answer to this question.（与将来相反）
用法
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Would rather+宾语从句
一般过去时：与现在或者将来相反
过去完成时：与过去相反
I would rather you didn’t smoke.（现在相反）
I would rather you told me the truth.（现在相反）
I’d rather you hadn’t let out the secret.（过去相反）
用法
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建议suggest, decide, insist, persist, desire, request, mand+宾语从句
英式英语：should+动词原形；美式英语：直接+动词原形
I suggest you (should) have enough sleep.
My parents advise I (should) not watch too much TV.
用法
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It is important/unnatural/suggested that
It is strange that he (should)be so rude.
It is important that we (should) think before we decide.
It is suggested that parents (should) spend more time with their children.
用法
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as if、as though引导的表语从句：
It Looks as if he were drunk.
The pencil seems as though it were broken when it is partly put in the water.
The material feels as if it were cotton.
用法
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We______ (face) the difficulty together, but why didn’t you tell me.
Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
The doctor recommended he _____(stay) a few days more in hospital.