北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷（Word版无答案）

北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高一下学期期末考试
英语
2023.07
本试卷共10页,共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I became an amputee（截肢患者）at age 29, I was forced to rethink the idea of physical perfection. My life became different, as I changed from an acceptably attractive woman to an object of pity and 1 .
Too busy 2 physical pain and obvious mobility limitation, I was not aware of this change at first. But I was determined to 3 my work and life as well as before, feeling good about the progress I had made.
4 , as I made my first trip outside the hospital, society had already assigned me a new status. Happy to be free of my limit in the hospital, I rolled through the shopping mall as a survivor. Unfortunately, I had a rude response as I discovered that others did not view me in the way I had come to view myself. All eyes were upon me, yet no one dared to make eye contact. Their efforts to 5 my eyes forced me to realize they saw only my missing legs.
While I sat thinking about what had happened, a small girl came up to me. She stared with unembarrassed 6 at the empty pants. Finding nothing there, she looked up at me with a puzzled look, she childishly asked, "Lady, where did your legs go "
I explained that my legs had been sick. Since my legs hadn't been strong and healthy like hers, the doctors had to 7 them. With her head upwards, she asked, "Did they go to ‘Leg Heaven’ "
That incident made me think about how 8 children and adults react to the unknown. To a child, an odd appearance is an interesting curiosity and 9 learning experience while adults often view the same thing with fear and horror.
To fulfill the wholeness of my mind and spirit, I now smile warmly, make eye contact, and speak in a confident manner. By using a 10 approach, I attempt to enlighten society about the fact that having a not-so-perfect body doesn't mean having a poor quality of life.
1. A. comfort B. fear C. hatred D. sadness
2. A. crying with B. figuring out C. holding back D. dealing with
3. A. balance B. quit C. manage D. overcome
4. A. Instead B. Moreover C. However D. Therefore
5. A. turn B. hold C. catch D. avoid
6. A. curiosity B. determination C. enthusiasm D. satisfaction
7. A. lose B. adjust C. remove D. stretch
8. A. differently B. positively C. strangely D. sympathetically
9. A. painful B. potential C. similar D. common
10. A. creative B. flexible C. positive D. scientific
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
In daily life, body language plays an important part in communication. By watching body language, we can learn a lot about 11 people are thinking. Just like the words we use, body language also varies from culture to culture. The important thing is that body language should be 12 （appropriate）used. For example, making eye contact in some countries is a way 13 （display）interest. In other countries, by contrast, not all eye contact is approved of.
B
Usually, stress is seen as being bad, but this is not always true. Eustress（积极压力）is the positive word for stress. It 14 （relate）to well-being and positive attitudes. Eustress occurs when the gap between what one has and what one wants is slightly pushed.
Eustress creates a better environment for people, which 15 （make）them perform better and cost less. Therefore, Eustress is necessary 16 achievement.
C
Fuchun teahouse lies in a hutong in Yangzhou of Jiangsu Province. Although it is not located in the very heart of the city, its reputation persuades many customers into 17 （come）in groups. 18 （found）in 1885, Fuchun teahouse was a flower shop and became a place for people to drink tea then. It started to offer 19 （variety）delicate pastries（甜点）until the owner introduced them, 20 not only perfectly matched the Chinese tea, but also represented a kind of artistry from the kitchen.
21. Which of the following is the best rated film
A. Good Will Hunting. B. The Paper Chase.
C. The Social Network. D. Stand and Deliver.
22. Who is The Paper Chase perfect for
A. Students with undiscovered talents. B. Students with learning difficulties.
C. Students having difficulty keeping motivated. D. Students hoping to become an awesome genius.
23. What can we learn from Jaime's story
A. Maths is a difficult subject for students.
B. High techs contribute a lot to teaching efficiency.
C. One teaching method may not apply to every student.
D. An inspirational movie is an effective medium to inspire students.
B
On September 7; 1930, Yuan Longping was born in Beijing. Fluent in English, his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche's works to him. Influenced by his mother, Yuan Longping liked English, geography and chemistry at school. After graduating from university, he became a teacher in the countryside of Hunan in 1953.
With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hit China in the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something. Since the climate in Hunan was not friendly to growing wheat, he decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people: From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice.
Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world's first high production hybrid rice（杂交水稻）variety. in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record.
Nowadays, the hybrid rice is grown in almost half of China's rice fields and its production accounts for 60 percent of the total rice production in China. The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds, the yearly increase of which feeds up to nearly 100 million people.
In 2019, Yuan Longping, known as the "Father of hybrid rice", was awarded Medal of the Republic, China's highest honor.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Traditional classroom teaching alone cannot motivate every student. Given that children love entertainment, inspirational movies are an effective and easy medium to motivate them. Here are four best inspirational movies of all time for students.
Good Will Hunting
Internet Movie Database rating-8.3/10
Story: Matt Damon played the title role of a 20-year old young man. The hero is gifted with high potential in mathematics and chemistry but doesn't realize what his potential can offer. The film will inspire students to discover hidden talents they have.
The Paper Chase
Internet Movie Database rating-7.2/10
Story: Sometimes study does not come easily. The Paper Chase focuses on the hardworking James T. Hart who faces many challenges during his first year at Harvard. The movie is perfect for anyone finding it difficult to keep the motivation alive.
The Social Network
Internet Movie Database rating-7.7/10
Story: This inspirational Hollywood movie shows the journey of Mark Zuckerberg from a Harvard student to a multi-millionaire: It is really an inspiring one for everyone and it might inspire you to become an awesome genius like the man himself. The Social Network tells that every student can turn their dream into reality.
Stand and Deliver
Internet Movie Database rating-7.9/10
Story: This movie is based on the real story of a high school mathematics teacher named Jaime Escalante. It shows how a maths teacher supports his "no-hoper" students to study by adopting unusual teaching methods. Stand and Deliver in really an inspirational movie for. those who think they are hopeless in their studies.
Yuan Longping's biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties, which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem. So far, the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown in over 40 countries, including the USA, Brazil and India.
24. What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text
A. He began to study hybrid rice in 1973.
B. He received the highest honor in China at 90.
C. He ever taught math in the city after graduation.
D. He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger.
25. How does the author mainly show the achievements of Yuan Longping in hybrid rice
A. By listing figures. B. By quoting reports.
C. By imagining results. D. By explaining reasons.
26. Which of the following best describes Yuan Longping according to the text
A. Patient and honest. B. Energetic and athletic.
C. Capable and remarkable. D. Humorous and adventurous.
C
Pieter Bruegel's 1565 realistic painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. "The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are," Ghent University biologist Ive De Smet says. "Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding from the second half of the 20th century." De Smet says he's teaming up with art historian David Vergauwen of Amarant to look at things where they can spot differences in shape, in color, and in size. Wheat is just one example of how historical artworks can help track the transformation of food crops over time.
Friends since childhood, their interest in plants in artworks began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum in Russia—where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting by Flemish artist Frans Snyders.
"So if you think of a watermelon, you cut it through, it should be dark red on the inside. But that one appeared to be pale and white." De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen said, "This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that's the way it must have been." Other paintings showed that both red and white watermelons were raised during the 17th century.
The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plantartworks. They create a social media hashtag（主题标签）for it. Anyone could send pictures of relevant artworks and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag. But, they add, the sources need to be realistic. "If you're going to. use, for example, Picasso to understand how a pear looked, you might be misled."
27. What can we learn from De Smet's words in paragraph 1
A. Humans have mainly fed on wheat since 1565.
B. Selective breeding affects agricultural structure.
C. Wheat has gone through great changes in height.
D. The scene in The Harvesters may be unbelievable.
28. What is Vergauwen's attitude to the watermelon painted by Frans Snyders
A. Curious. B. Disapproving. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful.
29. Why was the social media hashtag created
A. To collect more source paintings. B. To encourage people to focus on art.
C. To advertise their research database. D. To share some historical plant artworks.
30. What is the text mainly about
A. Ancient paintings focus on food crops.
B. Old art reveals agricultural information.
C. Two men create a database of plant artworks.
D. Plants today are different from their ancestors.
D
From the moon to Mars, scientists have been hunting for alien life in the solar system for decades.
However, Venus was not regarded as an ideal place because of its hot temperature and dry atmosphere. But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life.
On Sept 14, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada announced that scientists have detected phosphine（磷化氢）in the clouds of Venus. Phosphine is a colorless, toxic（有毒的）gas that has a smell of garlic. Though toxic, it is viewed as a possible sign of life because on Earth the gas is made by microorganisms that live in oxygen-free environments.
"I was very surprised, in fact,” astronomer Jane Greaves of Cardiff University in Wales and lead author of the research, told MSNI. "There is a chance that we have detected some kind of living organism in the clouds of Venus."
This layer of clouds is about 48 kilometers above the Venus surface, with its temperature ranging from 30 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit（about -1 to 93℃）. Scientists have assumed that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck（云盖）is likely the only place where it would survive.
Scientists went through every possibility that could have led to the formation of phosphine gas in Venus' clouds, including volcanoes, lightning strikes, small meteorites（陨石）falling into the atmosphere. But they ruled all of them out. It was concluded that there is no explanation for the existence of this gas in Venus' clouds, other than the presence of life, USA Today reported.
Although the detection of phosphine is not strong evidence for life, this finding is great enough to change scientists' view on Venus, which is thought to be a completely inhospitable（不适合居住的）planet.
31. What is the text mainly about
A. A newly detected gas may indicate possible existence of life on Venus.
B. Scientists found the most hospitable place on Venus.
C. The environment on Venue changed in favor of life.
D. Phosphine formed on Venus means alien life is present.
32. What can we learn about phosphine from the text
A. It has no smell at all.
B. It only exists on Venus.
C. It can be produced by microorganisms.
D. It is a sign of the existence of oxygen.
33. What can we infer from paragraphs 4 and 5
A. Various living organisms have been detected on Venus.
B. The higher the cloud is above Venus, the warmer it is.
C. The cloud deck is rich in phosphine.
D. If life exists on Venus, it is likely in the cloud deck.
34. What did scientists conclude about the phosphine gas detected on Venus
A. It could be formed. as a result of the falling of meteorites.
B. It could be a sign that there is life in Venus' clouds.
C. It could be caused by volcanoes and lighting strikes.
D. It proves that Venus is another hospitable planet.
第二节（共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Scientists visiting tiny Henderson Island in the South Pacific recently made an alarming discovery. 35 . They calculated there were 38 million pieces of plastics. "This is not an issue to ignore. We need to do something now to protect the sea." said one scientist.
Plastic waste in the sea has long been known about, but only now are we discovering the true extent of the problem. Plastic takes hundreds of years to decompose（降解）, so all the plastic ever produced still exists somewhere. Around 95% of plastics made are not recycled, and large amounts enter the sea. Currents（洋流）collect this waste in large circular systems called "gyres". 36 .
The problem gets worse as plastic breaks down into very small pieces, or "microplastics". 37 . Humans also eat these fish, and microplastics has even been found in tap water around the world. The plastic on Henderson Island accounts for just 2 seconds' worth of global annual plastic production. That production will have tripled by 2050.
38 . While diving in Greece, young Boyan Slat noticed there was more plastic waste than fish. He decided right then to dedicate his life to solving this problem. Boyan thought, why move through the sea when the sea can move through you So he started The Ocean Cleanup project, which places very long floating barriers in the Pacific. Currents then concentrate the waste naturally so it can be collected and recycled. He hopes to reduce the patch by 50% in just five years.
"Sea plastic is a symbol of the negative effects of our lifestyle and technology," he says. " 39 . Protecting the sea from plastic is a good place to start!"
A. It goes unnoticed and finds its way to human bodies.
B. This is eaten by fish and leads to massive species loss.
C. To work with the currents would help collect the waste.
D. Our aim should be to create a new lifestyle for this century.
E. However, there are some young minds working to clean up the sea for future generations.
F. Although remote and previously untouched by humans, the island was cove in plastic waste.
G. One of the largest is in the Pacific Ocean, an area now known as the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch".
第三部分书面表达（共两节,32分）
第一节阅读表达（共4小题,共12分;第40、41小题,每小题2分;第42题,3分;第43题,5分）
阅读下面短文, 根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When 13-year-old Katie recently went online, she couldn't believe that some classmates were making fun of her. The seventh grader from New Jersey discovered mean and hurtful comments written about her in an online Web journal.
"It was really offensive（无礼的）and upsetting to me because I knew everyone could see it online," Katie told Weekly Reader. "There was nothing I could do to take it down."
For many kids like Katie, Cyberbullying（网络霸凌）has become part of everyday life. Most cyberbullies are between the ages of 9 and 14. Studies show that about 55 percent of kids in grades 4 through 8 have had mean or hurtful remarks made to them online. "Cyberbullying is a huge problem in fourth, fifth, and sixth grades," said Aftab, an online safety expert.
Why is cyberbullying such a growing problem For starters, kids spend a lot of time online at both home and at school. Ninety-three percent of American kids have computers in their homes, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
Online experts say being mean online is easier because computers give kids a sense of being anonymous（匿名的）, or not being known. Kids say things on the Internet that they would never say face-to-face.
Some kids also don't realize that they're cyberbullies because they don't see the consequences of their actions. "In face-to-face communication, we see when we've gone too far," Aftab says. "We lose all those visual cues online."
To address the problem, more schools and communities are educating kids about online etiquette（礼仪）and are holding anti-bullying seminars. Aftab trains groups, called TweenAngels and TeenAngels, to become safe and responsible cybercitizens who share their knowledge with others.
TeenAngel Kendall, 12, experienced cyberbullying when kids at school blocked him out of gaming sites. His advice for dealing with a cyberbully: "Don't be afraid to tell your parents, teachers, or whomever you trust the most.”
40. Why is cyberbullying more likely to happen than face-to-face bullying
41. What are schools and communities doing to prevent online bullying
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Cyberbullying has become increasingly common among teenagers, especially those who are under grade 4.
43. What will you do if you see someone being bullied online （about 40 words）
第二节（共20分）
某英语国家在网上向全球中学生招募一批“文化小使者”（little envoy）. 假如你是红星中学高一学生李华, 有意参加该活动, 请你向负责人Mr. Smith写一封申请信, 内容要点如下:
1. 表达愿意参加的意向;
2. 能够胜任的原因;
3. 对文化小使者的理解。
注意: 1. 词数 100 左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯:
3. 开头已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua