【知识点专区】2015年高中英语 阅读理解社会现象类阅读 专项练习（含解析）

评卷人
得分
一、阅读理解
Up to two-fifths of a food crop is often wasted because it is “ugly”, a report on food waste has shown.
Produce grown in the UK that does not meet retailer(零售商) standards on appearance is often given to animals or thrown out even though it is healthy to eat.
The report from the UK’s global food security program also showed that the average household throws away more than 5kg of food a week, and nearly two-thirds of that waste is avoidable.
The waste costs ￡ 480 a year per household on average, and ￡ 680 per family.
Households throw away a fifth of the food they buy, wasting it for reasons ranging from cooking too much to not using it before it goes bad, the study showed.
Consumption is the top area where food is wasted in the UK, the study said.
Farmers respond to consumer demands for high-quality food with standards that can lead to the crop being wasted. Some supermarkets have started marketing “odd shapes and sizes” of fruit and vegetables, though.
Also, more UK consumers are prepared to accept “ugly” fruit and vegetables, amid concerns over sustainability(可持续发展) and food prices, the research said.
In developing countries, much of the loss of food occurs during post-harvesting storage, processing and packaging.
Tackling waste globally is necessary to feed a growing world population sustainably. One in eight people worldwide doesn’t have enough food, the report said.
Around a third of food produced globally is lost or wasted.
Professor Tim Benton, an expert on food security at the University of Leeds, said: “Over 5 million people in the UK live in poverty, where basic food provision is a daily challenge.”
Nearly 400,000 people used food banks last year, according to the Trussell Trust.
“At the same time, 15 million tons of food is wasted annually, with nearly half thrown away within UK households. Reducing the scale(范围) of losses and waste throughout the food system is a crucial step.”
The report highlights priorities(优先事项) for research to help reduce food waste, including improving harvesting and packaging technologies and seasonal weather prediction.
1． Food waste in developing nations is mainly due to .
A. fast growing populations
B. huge demand for high-quality foods
C. poor technology in food industries
D. people’s lack of concern about food shortages
2．We can conclude from the article that .
A. over half of the food produce in the UK is wasted within households
B. “ugly” fruits and vegetables are becoming more and more popular in the UK
C. avoiding food waste could, by itself, solve food shortage problems around the world
D. developing better farming and packaging technologies is key to reducing food waste
3．Which of the following statements might Professor Tim Benton agree with?
A. British farmers should keep up with their high growing standards.
B. The number of people living in poverty is growing too fast in Britain.
C. There is still much to do to improve British people’s awareness of food sustainability.
D. British supermarkets should be encouraged to sell food of odd shapes and sizes.
4．What is suggested in the report?
A. Cutting food prices.
B. Using different approaches to reduce food waste.
C. Improving the appearance of food.
D. Cooking at home more often.
When a child is told he is “uncool”, it can be very painful. He may say he doesn’t care, and even act in ways that are opposite of cool on purpose. But these are simple ways to handle sadness by pretending it’s not there.
Helping a child feel better in school had to be careful. If you say, “Why are you worried about what other children think about you? It doesn’t matter!” Children know that it does matter. Instead, an active way may be best. You could say, “I’m going to do a couple of things for you to help you feel better in school.”
If a boy is having trouble making friends, the teacher can help him. The teacher can arrange things so that he has chances to use his abilities to contribute to class projects. This is how the other children learn how to value his good qualities and to like him. A teacher can also raise a child’s popularity in the group by showing that he values that child. It even helps to put him in a seat next to a very popular child, or let him be a partner with that child in activities, etc.
There are things that parents can do at home, too. Be friendly when your child brings others home to play. Encourage him to invite friends to meals and then serve the dishes they consider “super” .When you plan trips, picnics, movies, and other shows, invite another child with whom your child wants to be friends.
What you can do is to give him a chance to join a group that may be shutting him out. Then, if he has good qualities, he can start to build real friendship of his own.
5．A child who has been informed of being “ uncool” may .
A. care nothing about it B. do something uncool on purpose
C. develop a sense of anger D. pretend to get hurt very much
6．A teacher can help an unpopular child by .
A. seeing the child as the teacher’s favorite
B. asking the child to do something for partners
C. forcing other children to make friends with the child
D. offering the child chances to show his good qualities
7．How can parents help their child fit in better?
A. By cooking delicious food for him.
B. By being kind to his schoolmates.
C. By forcing him to invite friends home.
D. By taking him to have picnics in the park.
8．Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Children don’t care others’ comments on them.
B. It’s only teacher’s work to make children popular.
C. Parents should take their children out for picnic and shows more often.
D. Inviting children’s friends to family activities is good for them to make friends.
9．Which is the best title of the text?
A. How an Unpopular Child can be Helped
B. Why Some Children are Unpopular
C. What Good Qualities Unpopular Children Have
D. Who Care about Unpopular Children
评卷人
得分
二、完形填空
Most teenagers in the United States spend their time trying to make time for school, family and friends. But some choose bigger goals and make a difference in the world.
At age 15, Winter Vinecki has already had more _________ than most people have in their lifetime. Doctors discovered Winter’s fathers had a rare and _______ form of prostate cancer when she was nine years old. He died 10 months later. “When he was first diagnosed I immediately knew I had to do something to help him. That’s ______ I formed Team Winter for prostate cancer research and ______.” Winter Vinecki has raised almost 500,000 dollars. She has _______ prostate cancer education worldwide from Kenya to Mongolia_________ foot races called marathons, on seven continents. In the United States she travels _______ to talk about prostate cancer and _______ others to act. Winter Vinecki spoke recently at a conference in Los Angeles. “Prostate cancer is much more common, ________ the men don’t want to talk about it. So that’s why a nine-year-old girl had to go out there and start talking it for _______.”
Jack Andraka invented an inexpensive sensor that _______ cancers of the pancreas, ovaries and lungs. Jack is now 17and seeking patents for his latest inventions. He has developed low-cost water quality _______. They help identify and remove heavy metals and poisonous chemical from_____. “I hope to see them _______ in the developing nations.”
Sixteen-year-old Mary-Pat Hector saw a problem in her own community. She says too many young people were ________in gun violence. It kind of made her feel like she had to do something about it. So she started a _________ to educate young people about gun violence. “I just want the world to be a better place,” she said.
Mary-Pat hector, Jack Andraka, and Winter Vinecki say a ________ of supportive parents, the Internet and social media has helped them succeed; but Winter and Jack also created their inner ________. “Ｉthink the biggest thing for kids and adults is to never let age and gender be a _________ and to not just dream but dream big,” said Vinecki. “ Never let anyone else tell you ______.” Said Andraka. “Always keep going for your dream, so anything is possible.”
10．A. opportunities B. troubles C. successes D. risks
11．A. passive B. sensitive C. aggressive D. negative
12．A. when B. because C. where D. How
13．A. development B. threat C. panic D. awareness
14．A. taken B. received C. searched D. tested
15．A. through B. off C. over D. beyond
16．A. officially B. continually C. peacefully D. temporarily
17．A. promise B. pay C. urge D. prefer
18．A. for B. before C. unless D. but
19．A. her B. teenagers C. them D. fathers
20．A. cures B. improves C. prevents D. identifies
21．A. experiments B. devices C. trials D. data
22．A. body B. water C. land D. food
23．A. carried B. exposed C. employed D. handled
24．A. failing B. fleeing C. declining D. dying
25．A. revolutionB. discussion C. business D. campaign
26．A. combinationB. convenience C. competence D. consideration
27．A. harmony B. satisfaction C. selves D. impressions
28．A. barrier B. favor C. benefit D. difference
29．A. all B. no C. nothing D. none
参考答案
1．C
2．D
3．C
4．B
【解析】
试题分析：文章介绍了世界上很多食物因为样子不好看而被浪费了，然而还有很多人缺少食物，所以节约粮食是非常重要的事情，文章建议了几种解决食品浪费的方法。
1．细节题：根据第九段的句子：In developing countries, much of the loss of food occurs during post-harvesting storage, processing and packaging.可知在发展中国家很多食物被浪费是因为食品行业的技术很差，所以选C。
2．细节题：根据最后一段的句子：The report highlights priorities(优先事项) for research to help reduce food waste, including improving harvesting and packaging technologies and seasonal weather prediction.可知解决食品被浪费的问题需要提高收割和包装技术，所以选D。
3．细节题：根据倒数第四段的句子：Professor Tim Benton, an expert on food security at the University of Leeds, said: “Over 5 million people in the UK live in poverty, where basic food provision is a daily challenge.”可知Professor Tim Benton 认为要提高英国人对于食品可持续性发展还有很多事情要做，所以选C。
4．细节题：根据最后一段的句子：The report highlights priorities(优先事项) for research to help reduce food waste, including improving harvesting and packaging technologies and seasonal weather prediction.可知文章建议了几种解决食品浪费的方法，所以选B。
考点: 考查社会现象类短文
5．B
6．D
7．B
8．D
9．A
【解析】
试题分析：文章大意：文章讲述了在学校里的老师，在家里的父母都可以做很多的事情让自己的孩子更受欢迎。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段第2句He may say he doesn't care, and even act in ways that are opposite of cool on purpose.可以他是有目的地做一些违法纪律的事情。故B正确。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段第2句The teacher can arrange things so that he has chances to use his abilities to contribute to class projects.可知老师经常提供机会来展示他的好的品质。故D正确。
7．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段父母在家需要做的事情可知是让孩子对同班同学保持友善。故B正确。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Encourage him to invite friends to meals and then serve the dishes they consider "super". When you plan trips, picnics, movies, and other shows, invite another child with whom your child wants to be friends.说明鼓励孩子带着朋友来家里吃饭有利于孩子交到好朋友。故D正确。
9．主旨大意题。文章讲述了在学校里的老师，在家里的父母都可以做很多的事情让自己的孩子更受欢迎。故A正确。
考点：考查教育类短文阅读
10．C
11．C
12．A
13．D
14．A
15．A
16．B
17．C
18．D
19．C
20．D
21．B
22．B
23．C
24．D
25．D
26．A
27．C
28．A
29．B
【解析】
试题分析：本文介绍了三位出类拔萃、影响世界的美国青少年，告诉人们坚持梦想，一切皆有可能。
10．C名词辨析。根据文章第一段（总起段落）的最后一句话可知，整篇文章讲的是出类拔萃的美国青少年，从文章第二段开始例举，Winter Vinecki 是第一个例子。所以该句句意：“15岁的Winter Vinecki比许多人终其一生所取得的‘成功’还要多。”，故正确答案为C.
11．C形容词辨析。A. passive “消极的，被动的”； B. sensitive“敏感的，易怒的”； C. aggressive“侵略的；有进取心的”； D. negative“否定的，消极的”，根据该句的下一句“ He died 10 months later.”，显然她父亲的病情很严重，故选 aggressive“侵略的”，来作定语进行修饰， “a rare and aggressive form of prostate cancer ”意为：“一种罕见的侵略性的前列腺癌”。
12．A名词性从句连接词的选择。根据该句句意：“也就是‘在那时’针对前列腺癌症的研究和认识我成立了Winter团队。”，即该表语从句缺表示时间状语的连接词，故选A.when.
13．D名词辨析。A. development“发展”； B. threat“恐吓，威胁”； C. panic“恐慌，惊慌”； D. awareness“认识，意识”，该处for + n.表示Winter团队的价值理念所在，除了对于前列腺癌的研究，还有就是针对与对癌症的‘认识’了。
14．A动词辨析。A.take有“讲授，带领”之意，其结构为“take sth/ take sb (for sth)”,例如：The head teacher usually takes us for French.校长通常给我们上法语课。B. received“收到”； C. searched“搜寻”； D. tested“测验”，该句句意：“她在世界范围内‘进行’前列腺癌的教育。”，故正确答案为A.
15．A 介词辨析。A. through“通过…”； B. off“离开，偏离”； C. over“在…之上”；D. beyond“超出…”，而该句句意：“她在世界范围内进行前列腺癌的教育是‘通过’马拉松长跑的这种方式。”故正确答案为A.
16．B副词辨析。A. officially“官方地，正式地”； B. continually“不断地”； C. peacefully “和平地，平静地”； D. temporarily“暂时地，临时地”，该句句意：“在美国，她‘频繁地’旅行，宣讲前列腺癌的知识，敦促（力劝）其他人行动起来。”，故正确答案为B.
17．C动词辨析。A. promise“承诺”； B. pay“花费”； C. urge“力劝，敦促”； D. prefer“更喜欢”，此处句意：“‘力劝’人们行动起来。”，故正确答案为C.
18．D连词辨析。A. for“因为”； B. before“在…之前”； C. unless“除非”； D. but“但是”，该句句意：“前列腺癌虽然司空见惯，‘但是’男人们都不愿谈及此事。”即两句间的逻辑关系是“转折”，故正确答案为D.
19．C代词/名词辨析。根据语境和句意：“所以，这就是一个9岁女孩不得不走出去，开始给‘男人们’谈论此病的原因。”，该处用them指代上文出现的男人们，故正确答案为C.
20．D动词辨析。A. cures“治愈”； B. improves“改良，提高”； C. prevents“防止，预防”； D. identifies“识别”，因为该空所在的定语从句所限定的先行词是sensor“传感器，感应器”，故定语从句的谓语动词应选D. identifies识别。该句句意：“他发明了一种廉价的能‘识别’胰腺癌、卵巢癌和肺癌的感应器。”
21．B名词辨析。A. experiments“实验，试验”； B. devices“装置”；C. trials“试验”；D. data“数据，资料”，所选的名词要作动词develop的宾语，且根据下一句话所介绍的该名词的作用“help identify and remove”（帮助识别和清除…）可知，正确答案为B.
22．B名词辨析。根据上文中提到的该装置为“water quality devices”水质装置，所以它的功能显然是把重金属物质和有害物质从“水中”去除掉。故正确答案为B.water.
23．C动词辨析。 A. carried“携带”； B. exposed“使…暴露于/处于/面临…”； C. employed“雇佣；使用”； D.handled“拿/抓（某物）；处理/管理（事情/情况）”，该处的动词要非谓语化作宾语补足语，且根据该句句意：“我希望看到它们（我的发明设备）‘被应用’到发展中国家。”故正确答案为C.employed “被使用”。
24．D动词辨析。A. failing“失败”； B. fleeing “逃跑”； C. declining“减少；衰退，衰落”； D. dying“死”，根据该句的状语部分“in gun violence”（在枪击暴力中），too many young people 为主语，所以谓语应选D. （was）dying.该句句意：“她说，太多的年轻人在枪击暴力中丧生。”
25．D名词辨析。A. revolution“革命，变革”； B. discussion“讨论”； C. business“生意，业务；事情”； D. campaign“活动；战役”，该句句意：“她还发起了一场教育年轻人声讨枪击暴力的‘运动’”，故正确答案为D.
26．A名词辨析。A. combination“联合”； B. convenience“便利，方便”； C. competence “胜任，能力，资格”；D. consideration“考虑；体谅”，该句句意：“是能给予帮助的父母、网络和社会媒体‘共同’帮助他们取得了成功。”故该处主语应选A.
27．C名词辨析。A. harmony“和谐”； B. satisfaction“满足”； C. selves“自我”； D. impressions“印象”,该句句意：“但是，Winter和Jack也创造了内在的‘自我’”，故正确答案为C.
28．A名词辨析。A. barrier“障碍；栅栏”； B. favor“赞同，支持；偏爱；善行”； C. benefit“利益，好处”； D. difference“不同”，该句句意“我认为，对于孩子和成年人来说最大的事情是永远不要让年龄和性别成为‘障碍’。”，故正确答案为A.
29．B名词/代词辨析。该句句意：“永远不要让别人说‘你不行’。(永远坚持你的梦想，一切皆有可能。)”，故正确答案为B.
考点：介绍人物类文章的阅读