Unit 3 The environment知识讲解学案（含答案）

Unit 3 The environment
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. too much, much too
too much意为“许多，大量”，后接不可数名词，也可作代词短语。例如：
I had too much. I’m full now. 我吃的太多了，现在饱了。
【拓展】
too much / too many / much too的辨析：
词语 词形 特点
too much 形容词短语 后跟不可数名词，也可作代词短语
too many 形容词短语 后跟可数名词的复数，也可作代词短语
much too 副词短语 后跟形容词或副词
例如：
Don’t eat too much sweet. It’s bad for your teeth. 不要吃太多的糖，对牙齿不好。
There are too many books in the room. You can choose any one to read.
房间里有太多的书了，你可以选择任何一本来读。
It’s much too cold outside. You should put on your coat.
外面太冷了，你应该穿上外套。
2. amount
（1）amount用作名词，其意为“数量”、“金额”“总额”等，通常用于 an amount of； a (great, large) amount of ；amounts of这类结构，其后通常接不可数名词。例如：
He made a large amount of money. 他赚了大量的钱。
I had not expected such an amount of praise. 我没料到受到这么多赞扬。
　 （2）amount用作动词，意为“合计” “总计 ”。例如：
The number of the injured amounted to over one hundred.受伤人数总计一百多。
Building cost amounts to six million dollars. 建筑费用达600 万元。
3. green
（1）green作形容词，可意为“环境保护的，赞成环境保护的”。例如：
How green are you 你有多环保？
My school is a green school. 我的学校是一所环保学校。
（2）green作形容词，还可以意为“绿色的，没有成熟的”。例如：
I like the green coat. 我喜欢那个绿色的外套。
4. living, alive
（1）living意为“活的，健在的”。例如：
His grandpa is still living at the age of 96. 他爷爷96岁了，仍然健在。
（2）alive常作表语或后置定语，意为“有生命的，活的”。例如：
He was alive when they took him to the hospital. 人们把他送到医院时他还活着。
He is the only person alive in the accident. 他是这次事故中唯一活着的人。
5. face
（1）face 作名词，意为“脸，神色，神情”等。例如：
A strong wind was blowing right in my face. 一阵劲风迎面吹来。
He was walking around with a sad face. 他四处走着，神色哀伤。
（2）face 作动词，意为“面对，面临”。例如：
They stood facing each other. 他们面对面站着。
Our house faces south. 我们的房子面朝南。
6. as a result of
as a result of意为“由于……；作为……的结果”。先交代结果，再用as a result of连接原因。
例如：We can’t go out as a result of the heavy rain. 因为下大雨，我们不能出去。
【拓展】
as a result为习惯短语，意为“因此；结果”，在句中作状语。例如：
He didn’t practise, and as a result he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。
The traffic was very heavy and as a result we didn’t arrive on time.
交通十分拥挤，因此我们没有能准时到达。
7. in the future
in the future意为“在将来，在未来”。通常指将来的某一段时间，常用于将来时态。例如：
We will have a robot in the future. 将来我们会有一个机器人。
【拓展】
in future 表示“今后，以后”，一般指从现在开始往后的时间，常指离现在较近的一段将来的时间；多用在表示提醒或者警告的句子中。例如：
Don’t be late in future. 今后不要迟到了。
You’d better not go out alone in future. 今后最好别单独外出。
8. waste, garbage, rubbish, litter
waste, garbage, rubbish, litter这些名词均含“废物，垃圾”之意。具体用法如下：
（1）waste普通用词，概念广泛，指任何被丢弃的东西。例如：
He made a toy car with waste. 他用废料做了一个玩具小汽车。
（2）garbage主要指有机废料，包括厨房的剩菜剩饭或不能再用的食物。也可作引申用。例如：
Can I help you take out the garbage 我帮你把垃圾带出去好吗
（3）rubbish普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。也可作引申用。例如：
Please throw away the garbage / rubbish at once. It smells terrible.
（4）litter是四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。例如：
Pick up all the litter after the party, please. 请聚会后捡起所有的垃圾。
句式精讲
1. This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 and produce oxygen.
“make sb. / sth. + adj./v.”意为“使某人/某物……”。
例如：The good news makes us happy. 这个好消息使我们很高兴。
His story made us laugh. 他的故事让我们笑了。
【拓展】
make sb do sth意为“使/让某人做某事”，类似的动词还有let，have等。例如：
The boss made them work for long time. 老板让他们长时间工作。
They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。
2. Then a tall woman picked me up and put me in her basket!
“pick up”，意为“拾起，捡起”, 当宾语为代词时，宾语应放在pick和up中间；当宾语为名词时，宾语可放中间，也可放在后面。例如：
There is a pen on the playground, please pick it up. 地上有一支笔，请捡起它。
Bob stopped to pick up a watch. = Bob stopped to pick a watch up.
Bob停下来，捡起来地上的一块手表。
【拓展】
（1）pick up意为“搭载，开车去接”。例如：
The bus stopped and picked up some passengers.
公共汽车停下来，搭载了一些乘客。
Please wait at the school gate. John will pick you up there.
请在校门口等候, 约翰会到那里接你。
（2）pick up意为“偶然学会，获得”。例如：
She picked up English when she played with the American children.
她和美国小孩儿玩的时候不经意间学会了英语。
3. Every morning, Gary Green starts his day by taking a shower instead of a bath.
instead of为介宾短语，“代替；替代”，of是介词，后接宾语多由名词、代词、介词短语语、动词 + ing 形式充当。例如：
We’ll have fish instead of meat for lunch. 我们中饭吃鱼不吃肉。
They went there on foot instead of by bus. 他们没有乘公共汽车，而是步行去的。
I’ll go instead of her. 我会替她去。
We drive to the bus stop instead of walking. 我们用开车代替步行去公共汽车站。
4. It is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping heat from getting out.
keep…from doing…意为“阻止、防止……做某事”，它与prevent…from doing…和stop…from doing…同义。其中，prevent…from doing…和stop…from doing…中的介词from可以省略(stop和prevent用于被动语态时，其后的from 不能省略)，但keep…from doing…中的from不能省略。如果省略了from，那么keep…doing…的意思就成为“使……一直做……”。例如：
The heavy rain didn’t keep them from watching the football match. 大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。
She kept herself from laughing．她未让自己笑出声来。
There is nothing to prevent／keep／stop us from going．没有什么可以阻止我们去。
Bad weather prevented us(from)sailing．坏天气使我们未能启航。
You must stop her telling them the bad news．你必须阻止她告诉他们那个坏消息。
5. the + 比较级， the + 比较级
the + 比较级，the + 比较级，意为“越……，越……”。例如：
　 The harder you study，the greater progress you will make.
　 你越努力学习，进步就越大。
The more，the better. 多多益善。
The busier he is, the happier he will be. 他越忙，就越觉得幸福。
【拓展】
（1）more and more意为“越来越多的……”，千万别与“the more…, the more…”结构混为一谈。
例如：
More and more students will realize the importance of studying English.
越来越多的学生将意识到学习英语的重要性。
More and more foreigners have been to the Great Wall。
越来越多的国际友人到过长城。
（2）the more…, the more…意为“……越多，……越多”。例如：
The more we listen to the teacher, the more we understand.
我们听老师讲的越多，我们就懂得越多。
The more we get together，the more we know each other。
我们相聚越多，我们了解的就越多。
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. 在将来________ 2. as a result of _________ 3. too much ________
4. 温室效应________ 5. in danger ________ 6. make a difference________
7. take action _________ 8. mountains of __________ 9. 充当_________
10. 砍伐，削减_______
II. 根据所给汉语或首字母提示完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。
1. We all know coal is a kind of f_______. We can make fire with it.
2. It’s not necessary for you to buy new books. You can r_______ old ones.
3. It’s a good h ________ to get up early and have breakfast.
4. The _______ (气温) is high in summer in the city.
5. Do you want to be a ________ (环境保护的) consumer
6. Although he is eighty, he is still very much a_______________.
7. Our house _______ (面向) south.
8. Mr. Wang always shows his ________ (担心) for us.
9. For many of the products we use, we are able to ________ (回收).
10. The heavy rain ________ (摧毁) the bridge.
III. 用方框中所给词或短语的适当形式填空。
1. The moon is _______ (life). There are not living things.
2. The cloth bag is _______ ( friend) to our environment.
3. At last we came up with a _______ (solve) to the problem.
4. I’m ________ (concern) about the weather there.
5. Smoking is ________ ( harm) to your health.
6. His mother showed a great deal of concern for his ________ (ill).
7. Both animals and plants are _______ (live) things.
8. The population of the world _______ (be) increasing fast.
9. The old man makes a living by ________ (sell) vegetables.
10. Tom often makes his teachers ________ (angry).
句式精练
II. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. 他去了电影院而不是学校。
He went to the cinema_________ __________ _________ to school.
2. 你越细心，你犯的错误将越少。
The ______ _______ you are, ________ ________ mistakes you will make.
3. 绿色长城将阻止风刮走土。
The Great Green Wall will _______ the wind ______ billowing the earth away.
4. 不要扔掉这些旧书。你可以把它们捐出去。
Don’t ________ ________ these old books. You can _______ them _______.
5. 我又一大堆工作要做。
I have _________ ________ work to do.
6. 他的故事使我们感到快乐。
His stories _______ _______ _______ happy.
7. 我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。
We drove to the airport the next morning to _______ _______Susan.
8. 我想不出一个合适的回答。
I could not ________ ________ ________ a proper answer.
9. 这种产品对孩子是无害的。
This kind of product is ________ _______ children.
10. 我的手表和汤姆的一样。
My watch is _______ ________ ________ Tom’s.
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. in the future 2. 由于……；作为……的结果 3. 太多 4. greenhouse effect
5. 处于危险中 6. 有作用，有影响 7. 采取行动 8. 许多，大量 9. act as
10. cut down
II. 根据所给汉语或首字母提示完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。
1. fuel 2. recycle 3. habit 4. temperature 5. green
6. alive 7. faces 8. concern 9. recycle 10. destroy
III. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. lifeless 2. friendly 3. solution 4. concerned 5. harmful
6. illness 7. living 8. is 9. selling 10. angry
参考答案
II. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. instead of going 2. more careful, the fewer 3. stop/prevent/keep, from
4. throw away, give, away 5. mountains of 6. make/made us feel 7. pick up
8. come up with 9. friendly to 10. the same as
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