Unit 4 Natural disasters 词句精讲精练（含答案）

Unit 4 Natural disasters
词句精讲精练
词汇精讲
1. rise
rise是“上升，上涨，起床，站立”的意思。该词为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，其过去式或过去分词分别是rose和risen。常用来表达自然界的日、月、星、雾、云及水位的上升，人体从睡、坐、躺等姿势站立起来，物价上涨等。例如：
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 日出于东而落于西。
Prices rise every day in this year. 今年的物价天天上涨。
The old man rose from his chair. 那个老人从椅子上站了起来。
【拓展】
raise作及物动词，其含义是“使升起来，举起”，它的过去式和过去分词都是raised。例如：
Heavy rains raised the river. 暴雨使河水水位升高。
We must raise the living standard of the people. 我们必须提高人民的生活水平。
Before you answer the question, you should raise your hand. 回答问题之前，你应该先举手。
2. think of
think of意为“想起，记起，考虑，认为”，是动介结构。think about与think of均为动介结构。表示“考虑”或“认为”时，一般可互换。例如：
I can’t think of his name at the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字。
He is thinking about/of what I said. 他正在考虑我所说的话。
【拓展】
（1）think over着重“仔细考虑，反复考虑”，是动副结构。其常用搭配为：
think over + 名词
think + 代词 + over
think over + what等引导的从句
例如：
It’s a difficult problem. I must think it over.这是一道难题，我得仔细思考思考。
（2）think out意为“想出”，是动副结构，代词需放中间。例如：
At last he thought out the maths problem.最后，他想出了那道数学题。
3. cover
(1) cover用作及物动词，意为“覆盖”。短语cover…with…意为“用……盖住……”，be covered with意为“被……覆盖”。例如：
You can cover the table with the tablecloth. 你可以用台布盖着桌子。
The ground is covered with snow. 大地被雪覆盖着。
(2) cover用作名词，意为“盖子，封面”。例如：
I really like the cover of the book. 我确实喜欢这本书的封面。
4. pass by
pass by 意为“经过，通过”。例如:
I see them pass by my house every day. 我看见他们每天都从我家旁边经过。
I passed by your school last night at about ten o’clock.
我昨天晚上大约十点钟的时候经过了你的学校。
【拓展】
pass by还可以表示“时间逝去；过去”。例如:
Three years has passed by before she finally found a suitable job.
三年过去了，她终于找到了一份合适的工作。
5. dream
（1）dream 作动词，意为“做梦，梦见，渴望，向往”等意，既可以做及物动词，也可以做不及物动词。意为“做……梦”时，后跟同源名词dream做宾语；意为“梦见”时，常和about连用；意为“渴望、向往、考虑”等时常和of连用。例如：
She dreams a good dream every night. 她每晚都做美梦。
I sometimes dream about my good friends. 我时常梦见我的好朋友。
I dream of becoming a teacher. 我渴望成为一名教师。
（2）dream 作名词，意为“梦，愿望，心愿”等。例如：
It's my dream to win a Nobel Prize. 我的理想是获得诺贝尔奖。
Your dream has come true. 你的愿望变成了现实。
6. afford
afford常用作及物动词，意为“买(经受)得起……；给予，提供”，其后常接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语， afford后还可接双宾语。例如：
This kind of computer is too expensive and I can't afford it．这种电脑太贵了，我买不起。
At last I can afford a watch．我终于买得起一只手表了。
I could not afford so much money for a bicycle．我出不起那么多钱买一辆自行车。
I’ll afford you a chance．我将给你提供一个机会。
7. reply
reply既可作不及物动词，又可作及物动词，还可作名词。
（1）作不及物动词，意为“回答”，可用“reply to(sb. /sth. )”表示“对……做出回答”。例如：
He failed to reply to my question. 他没能回答我的问题。
What did he do in reply to your challenge 你提出与他较量，他做何反应
（2）作及物动词时，其意为“回答，回答说”。例如：
He replied that this was absolutely impossible.
他回复说这是绝对不可能的。
She sighed, but didn’t reply. 她叹了口气，没有回答。
（3）作名词时，意思为“答道，答复”。例如：
A few weeks later I received a reply.
几个星期后，我收到了她的回信。
I called out a challenge, but there was no reply.
我提出挑战，但是没人回应。
8. free
free 意为“空闲的，有空的”，反义词是busy，意为“忙碌的”。be free= have time, 意为“有空”，free time= spare time, 意为“业余时间，空闲时间”。例如：
Are you free this Sunday 这周日你有时间吗？
【拓展】free的其他用法：
（1）free 形容词，意为“免费的”。例如：
All the books are free. 所有的书免费。
Now the children from country get free textbooks.
现在农村的孩子免费得到了课本。
（2）free 形容词，意为“自由的”，名词形式是freedom。例如：
He will be free soon. 他很快就会得到自由。
You are free to do as you wish. 你想怎么做都可以。
词汇精练
I. 英汉互译。
1. think of __________ 2. 经过，通过__________ 3. 答复某事__________
4. 惊讶地__________ 5. stick with___________ 6. 盯着看，注视__________
7. for now ____________ 8. have no time to do …____________ 9. take place __________
10. try to do sth._________
II. 根据所给汉语或首字母提示完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。
1. It snowed heavily last night. The road was c________ with snow.
2. My d_________ came true, because I worked very hard.
3. My father doesn’t have money to a the car.
4. They’ll have long holidays and lots of f________ time.
5. The old man is d_______. He can’t hear anything.
6. My dog is m________. Can you help me find it
7. All of them are ________ (注视) at the computer screen.
8. We don’t know whether he is _________ (活着) or dead.
9. The road was so narrow(狭窄) that cars were unable to _________ (通过)。
10. I stayed a_________ at night worrying about the examination.
III. 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. This was the worst _________ (nature) disaster in the history of the United States.
2. Look! There are two __________ (coach) in front of our school.
3. Some countries would be __________ (flood) if sea level around the world rose.
4. I have no time _________ ( think) about these questions.
5. Mary suggested _________ (go) there by bus and I agreed.
IV. 听力链接。
请听一段对话，完成第10至第11小题。
10. What will the girl buy for her father
A. A T-shirt. B. A scarf. C. A jacket.
11. What color does the girl want
A. White. B. Blue. C. Brown.
请听一段对话，完成第12至第13小题。
12. Where did the woman probably lose her bag
A. On the bus. B. At the bus stop. C. In the park.
13. What’s the woman’s phone number
A. 036278. B. 076238. C. 036287.
请听一段独白，完成第14至第15小题。
14. How many secrets are mentioned
A. Four. B. Five. C. Six.
15. What does the real secret of becoming a top student lie in .
A. Some good teachers.
B. Some education experts.
C. Some basic learning skills.
参考答案
I. 英汉互译。
1. 想起，记起，考虑 2. pass by 3. reply to sth. 4. in surprise 5. 持续，坚持
6. stare at 7. 暂时 8. 不愿花时间，没有时间做…… 9. 发生 10. 尽力做……
II. 根据所给汉语或首字母提示完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。
1. covered 2. dream 3. afford 4. free 5. deaf
6. missing 7. staring 8. alive 9. pass 10. awake
III. 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
1. natural 2. coaches 3. flooded 4. to think 5. going
IV. 听力链接。
答案:
10. A 11. B 12.C 13.A 14.B 15. C
原文:
请听一段对话，完成第10至第11小题。
W: Father’s Day is coming. I don’t know what to get for my dad.
M: How about a T-shirt Look, here are some T-shirts, 15 dollars each.
W: I think he needs one. He likes blue and white. What color shall I buy for him
M: Well, white ones are easy to get dirty.
W: Hmm. That’s right. I’ll buy a blue one. Thank you.
请听一段对话，完成第12至第13小题。
M: Good morning, Madam. Can I help you
W: Yes. I’ve lost my bag.
M: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. Now, where did you lose it
W: Maybe in the park. I had it when I got off the bus.
M: Was there much money in the bag
W: No, there wasn’t. I usually have forty or fifty pounds in it.
M: What else was in the bag
W: Just my wallet.
M: Well, I’ll phone you tomorrow if we find it.
W: OK.
M: What’s your number
W: It’s 036278. Thank you very much.
M: You’re welcome.
请听一段独白，完成第14至第15小题。
Hello, boys and girls. Do you want to be top students According to some teachers and education experts, the children at the top of the class succeed by knowing a few basic skills that others can easily learn. Now, I’d like to tell you some secrets of top students.
First of all, study is the first thing. Once the books are open or the computer is on, phone calls are unanswered and TV shows are unwatched. Study is business; business comes before everything.
Second, study anywhere or everywhere. Study times are different for different children. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others wake early. St ill others study as soon as they come home from school.
Next, get organized. Don’t waste time looking for a pencil or missing paper. Keep everything right where one can put one's hands on it.
Then, use your time best. Even the best students put off their work sometimes. But when that happens, they face it. If you want to be at the top, make sure to finish the work on time.
Finally, take good notes and use them. Reading the text is important, but the teacher is going to test you on what he or she considers the most important. That’s what you will find in your notes.
If you follow what I tell you, you will become top students sooner or later.
句式精讲
1. It seems that…
It seems that…或It seemed that…意为“看起来好像……，似乎……”。例如：
It seemed that he was very happy. 他看上去好像很高兴。
【拓展】
seem to do sth. 意为“似乎、看来、好像……”。例如：
I seem to have left my book at home. 我好像把书忘在家里了。
2. I tried to call my dad, but the line was dead.
try to do sth. 意为“尽量干某事”，否定形式为“try not to do sth”。try doing sth意为“试着干某事”。例如：He tries to learn English. 她努力学习英语。
You may try putting some sugar in it. 你可以试试在里面加点糖。
【拓展】try的相关短语：
try one’s best to do sth. 相当于do one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力……
try on试穿
try out 试用，试验
have a try 试一试
3. Would anyone remain alive
remain在此用作连系动词，指某人或某事物仍保持某种状态，意为“仍然；依旧”、“留；住；待”，后面可接名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、分词作表语。例如：
Peter became a manager, but Jack remained a worker.
彼得成了经理，而杰克仍然是个工人。
　 The guests came in, but she remained sitting at the desk reading.
　 客人们都来了，但她还坐在写字台旁读书。
【拓展】
（1）用作不及物动词，意思是“剩下；剩余；遗留”，此时不能用进行时态，也没有被动语态。
例如：After the fire, very little remained of his house. 火灾过后，他的家所剩无几。
After the earthquake, very little remained of the city of Tangshan.
地震过后，唐山这座城市所剩无几。
（2）指某事“尚待、有待于以后被处置”，后面常接不定式的被动形式，表示主语是不定式的承受者。例如：
Many problems remain to be solved. 有好多问题尚待解决。
It remains to be seen whether you are right. 你是否正确，以后见分晓。
4. It’s important to stick with it.
本句用了“It is/was + adj. + to do sth.”的结构，It is/was + adj. + to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是……的”。例如：
It’s important for us to learn a foreign language. 对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。
It’s necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables. 对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。
【拓展】
这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别：
(1) 在It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。例如：
It’s necessary for the students to do some housework. 对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。
(2) 在It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人……”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。例如：
It’s very kind of you to help us. 你能帮助我们真是太好了。
5. It took a long time to build the house.
本句中took是take的过去式，表示“花费”，take表示花费时，常用于 “It takes sb. some time to do sth.”的句型中，意为“做某事需要花费某人多长时间”。it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to do sth.，对时间提问时用How long does … take 例如：
It took me half an hour to finish the work. 完成这项工作花了我半小时。
How long does it take you from your home to school 从学校到你家要花多长时间？
【拓展】
表示“花费”的spend、take、cost和pay的辨析：
词语 主语 结构
spend 人(sb.) sb. spends + 时间或金钱+ (in) doing sth. /on sth.
take it作形式主语 It takes sb. some time to do sth.(真正主语)
pay 人(sb.) sb. pays + 金钱+ for sth.
cost sth.(物) sth. costs sb. + 金钱
例如：
I spent 3 hours (in) doing /on my homework yesterday. 昨天我花了三个小时做作业。
It took me four hours to go to Wuhan by bus. 乘公共汽车去武汉花了我四个小时。
I paid six yuan for the pen. 我花了六元钱买这支笔。
My English book cost me five yuan. 我的英语书花了我五元钱。
句式精练
I. 句型转换。
1. My mother seems to be a very kind woman. (改为同义句)
________ _______ _______ my mother is a very kind woman.
2. To get to school by bus is the best way. (改为同义句)
______________ is the best way ______________ ______________ to school by bus.
3. The workers spent 2 months building the bridge. （改为同义句）
________ ________ the workers 2 months ________ _______ the bridge.
4. You’d better get up early tomorrow. (改为否定句)
You’d better ________ ________ ________ early tomorrow.
5. Let’s help the children who are in trouble. (改为反义疑问句)
Let’s help the children who are in trouble, ________ _______
II. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. 当别人离开的时候，约翰留下来打扫房间。
When the others ________ _______, Joan _______to clean the room.
2. 这个商店一直营业到晚上十一点。
The shop _______open _______11 o'clock at night.
3. 当你处于危险中时，请尽量保持冷静。
When you are in danger, please _________ ________ keep ________ .
4. 在晚上他通常坐着玩儿电脑游戏。
In the evening, he usually ________ ________ playing computer games.
5. 你应该多加注意你的发音。
You should _______ more ________ _______ your pronunciation.
6. 我让孩子们保持安静，但是无人理睬。
I asked the children to keep quiet, but this ________ ________ _______ ears.
7. 他们花了三天时间制作这个飞机模型。
_______ took them three days ________ _______ the model plane.
8. 6路公交车，每天从我家门前经过。
The No. 6 bus ________ ________ my door every day.
9. 他似乎什么都知道。
It _______ _______ he ________ everything.
10. 这位老人盼着他女儿来看望他。
The old man is ________ his daughter’s ________.
III. 从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话。(有一项是多余的)
A. What else can we do B. I’m glad to hear that.C. Can you do me a favor D. You look so sad, why E. Let’s do something to help them.F. I’ll buy some with my lucky money.G. What about raising some money for them
　　A:Hi, Tony. 1
　　B: A lot of people were badly hurt in the Wenchuan earthquake.
　　A: Yes, I feel so sorry about that. 2
　　B: What shall we do
　　A: 3
　　B:Good idea! Money must be a problem.
　　A: 4
　　B: We can also collect school things for the students there.
　　A: Right! 5
　　B: You are so kind.
IV. 根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。
Jean Nicole is a yard sale lover. She appears almost in every yard sale. She doesn’t want to 1._______(错过) any chance to buy good things, because they are much 2._______(便宜的) than those in shops. She is interested in almost everything, such as gloves, old 3._______(硬币), paintings, tables and so on. Everybody 4.______(叫，称呼) her “Lady Yard-sale.”
Two weeks 5.________(以前), after Jean came back from a yard sale, she 6._______(进入) her store room. She was surprised to find that she had bought so many things. Jean counted them and made a 7.________(清单).“Oh, dear! I can’t believe it. There are seven bicycles, 8.________(九) armchairs, and fifteen cameras... And they haven’t been used even once.” She checked the numbers 9.________(再一次).It made her mad. “How silly I am!” She thought. “I can no longer go to yard sales 10._______(除非) I hold my own one to sell these things out. But will anyone buy them ”
参考答案
I. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. It seems that 2. It, to get 3. It took, to build 4. not get up
5. shall we
II. 按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. had gone, remained 2. remains, until 3. try to, calm 4. sits around
5. pay, attention to 6. fell on deaf 7. It, to make 8. passes by
9. seems that, knows 10. expecting, visit
III. 从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话。(有一项是多余的)
1-5 DEGAF
IV. 根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。
1. miss / lose 2. cheaper 3. coins 4. calls 5. ago
6. entered 7. list 8. nine 9. again 10. unless
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