人教版（2019） 必修 第三册UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION复习课件(共103张PPT)

(共103张PPT)
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”　
1．mental adj.　　　　 精神的；思想的
2．rocket n. 火箭；火箭弹
3．vehicle n. 交通工具；车辆
4．launch vt.&n. 发射；发起；上市
5．orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
vt.&vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
6．giant adj. 巨大的；伟大的
n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
7．leap n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变
vi.&vt. 跳过；跃过
8．mankind n. 人类
9．data n．[pl.] 资料；数据
10．desire n. 渴望；欲望
vt. 渴望；期望
11．ongoing adj. 持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
12．dock vi.&vt. (两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港
n. 码头；船坞
13．signal vt.& vi. 标志着；标明；发信号
n. 信号；标志
14．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
15．muscle n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
16．lack n. 缺乏；短缺
vt. 没有；缺乏
17．float vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮
vt. 使浮动；使漂流
18．beyond prep. 在更远处；超出
19．solar adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
20．soap n. 肥皂
21．towel n. 毛巾；抹布
22．tissue n. 纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
23．keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的
24．fatal adj. 致命的；灾难性的
25．pillow n. 枕头
26．smartphone n. 智能手机
27．attach vt. 系；绑；贴
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”　
1．astronaut n．　　　 宇航员；太空人
2．procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
3．gravity n. 重力；引力
4．frontier n. 边境；国界；边远地区
5．universe n. 宇宙；天地万物
6．satellite n. 人造卫星；卫星
7．agency n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
8．transmit vt.&vi. 传输；发送
9．spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飞船
10．spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走的时间
11．otherwise adv. 否则；要不然
12．current adj. 当前的；现在的
n. 水流；电流；思潮
13．sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的
14．facility n. 设施；设备
15．shallow adj. 肤浅的；浅的
16．pattern n. 模式；图案；模范
17．analysis n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果
18．monitor n. 监视器；监测仪
vt. 监视；监测；监控
19．resource n. 资源；财力；物力
20．mystery n. 神秘事物；谜
21．oxygen n. 氧；氧气
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”　
1．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→ n．智力；聪明；智能
2．determine vt.查明；确定；决定→ adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→ n．决心；决定
3．disappoint vt.使失望→ adj.失望的；沮丧的→____________
adj.令人失望的→ n．失望
intelligence
determined
determination
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
4．independent adj.独立的；自立的→ adv.自立地；独立地→ n．独立
5．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→ adj.全球性的；全世界的
6．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→ n．争论；争吵；论点
7．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→ adv.经常；定期地
8．limit n．限制；极限；界限vt.限制→ adj.有限的→ adj.无限的
independently
independence
global
argument
regularly
limited
limitless
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”　
1.“反义”对对碰
①deep→shallow　　　 ②intelligent→foolish
③neat→dirty ④sharp→dull
⑤tough→easy ⑥clever→stupid
2.名词去e＋al变形容词连连看
①globe→global 　　　　 全球的
②nature→natural 自然的
③culture →cultural 文化的
3.后缀-less构成的形容词面面观
①limit→limitless 　　 　 无限的
②aim→aimless 漫无目的的
③help→helpless 无助的
④rest→restless 焦躁不安的
⑤use→useless 无用的
⑥power→powerless 无能的
⑦hope→hopeless 无望的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 　　　　　　　　 继续做；坚持干
2． 在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3． 抱着……的希望
4． 为了；以便
5． 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
carry on
on board
in the hope of doing sth.
so as to (do sth.)
figure out
6． 导致；造成
7． 所以；结果(是)
8． 提供生活所需
9． 最后
10． 用完；耗尽
result in
as a result
provide for sb.
in closing
run out
[联想串记]
1.“最后”短语大集合
in closing　　　　　 at last
at length in the end
2.“用完，耗尽”短语来聚会
run out　　　　 用完(不及物)
run out of 用完(及物)
use up 用完(及物)
give out 用完；耗尽(不及物)
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说　
1．动词不定式作后置定语
教材原句 Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
推荐佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.
他总是吃苦在前，享乐在后。
②(新教材外研版选择性必修1佳句)The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge, the world's longest bridge built over permafrost.
最先映入眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。
续表
2．This is because ...“这是因为……”
教材原句 This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为尽管风险巨大，人类还是坚信太空探索极为重要。
推荐佳句 ①Furthermore, our classes are worthy of being attended.This is because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and western teaching methods.
此外，我们的课程也值得去参加。这是因为你可以理解中西教学方法的区别。
推荐佳句 ②This is because mooncakes are as round as the full moon，representing family reunion.The festival should be respected and observed because it's an essential part of Chinese culture.
这是因为月饼像满月一样圆，代表着家庭团圆。这个节日应该被尊重并且被庆祝，因为它是中国文化的一个重要组成部分。
续表
推荐佳句 ③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)This is because I often get touched by inspiring stories and gain happiness from exciting news.
这是因为我经常被鼓舞人心的故事所感动，并从激动人心的消息中获得快乐。
④Maybe this is because we have seldom sat down and exchanged our feelings and thoughts.
这可能是因为我们很少坐下来交流感受和想法。
续表
3．otherwise的用法
教材原句 Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定住，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
推荐佳句 ①Thanks for your patient instructions to our play；we wouldn't have won the first prize in the competition otherwise.
谢谢你对我们话剧的耐心指导；否则我们就不会在比赛中赢得第一名。
②(新教材外研版选择性必修3佳句)On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away.
在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。
续表
4．过去分词短语作状语
教材原句 Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.
之后，“神舟六号”和“神舟七号”分别完成了第二次载人环绕地球飞行和中国人的第一次太空漫步。紧接着，“玉兔号”月球车飞抵月球，开展月球表面研究。
推荐佳句 ①(2021·全国甲卷书面表达)Faced with difficulties, I have to turn to you for help.
面对困难，我不得不向你求助。
②Encouraged by what the teacher said, the boy returned to his seat, determined to study harder.
受到老师所说的话的鼓励，那个男孩回到了座位上，决心更加努力学习。
③(2022·全国乙卷书面表达) In my opinion, based on our own situations, we should choose different activities to learn English.
在我看来，根据我们自己的情况，我们应该选择不同的活动来学习英语。
续
表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊　
形体描写之“腿”
But my legs and arms were shaking. Every step felt like that thousands of needles were sinking into my legs. There were three blisters on each of my feet. I couldn't take it. Besides, because my bag was full, I put all my clothes on me, which made me feel very hot. Sweat was dripping down my face. It felt like I was in the Sahara!
但我的腿和胳膊在发抖。每走一步都感觉有成千上万根针扎进我的腿里。我的每只脚上都有三个水泡。我受不了了。此外，因为我的包是满的，所以我把所有的衣服都穿在身上，这让我觉得很热。汗水顺着我的脸往下流。感觉就像在撒哈拉沙漠一样！
[点评]　本段中使用了“legs and arms were shaking, sinking into my legs”等关于腿部动作的描写，形象地描绘出了人物疲劳的精神状态。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The (重力) of the moon is so weak that the food will float around.
2. A dog's eating habit requires (定期的) training before it is properly established.
3．Our country has already (发射) some manned-spacecrafts.
gravity
regular
launched
4．Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done, users will instead (监控) it on their phones while watching TV.
5．The shortage of water has become a (全球的) problem that needs to be solved urgently.
6． (宇航员) on shorter shuttle missions often prepare themselves for a long time.
monitor
global
Astronauts
7．The river is very (浅的)，but you can't swim in it because the water is polluted.
8．Could you tell me how and when the (宇宙) came into being
9．Many lifestyle (模式) do such great harm to health that they actually speed up the weakening of the human body.
10．Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than (车辆) you own.
shallow
universe
patterns
vehicles
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Apart from the mild climate, the ethnic music also results the prosperous tourism.
2．Mr Smith is (determine) to seek his fortune in the downtown area.
in
determined
3．While an (intelligence) person can often simplify the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
4．China started special education for the (mental) disabled children in 1979.
5．I have learned to signal my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.
intelligent
mentally
to
6． (current), a great many people buy something on the Internet.
7．Though (lack) money, his family lived an enjoyable life.
8．The young man had a strong desire (earn) a living by himself soon after he graduated.
Currently
lacking
to earn
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．All passengers are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.
2．She said that once we determined to read a book, we have to___________ with it.
3．He was desperate for work to a large family.
carry on， on board， provide for， in the hope of， so as to， figure out
on board
carry on
provide for
4．Our teacher demands that we should exercise for an hour every day __________have good health.
5．The president decided to fly there to the truth of the accident.
6．I will practise my English writing making it better.
so as to
figure out
in the hope of
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)They of the game.
他们对比赛结果极为失望。
2．(完成句子)Every time the math teacher asks questions, .
每次数学老师提出问题，他总是第一个举手的人。
were greatly disappointed at/with/by the result
he is always the first one to put up his hand
3．(完成句子)He didn't attend the meeting. he had an urgent thing to deal with.
他没有参加这次会议。这是因为他有紧急事情要处理。
4．(完成句子)He is so warm-hearted and easy-going that he .
他热心、随和，很容易相处。
This is because
is easy to get along with
5．He is attached to playing football，so he often plays it after school.
→ ，he often plays it after school.(用过去分词短语作状语升级)
→ ,he often plays it after school.(用现在分词短语作状语升级)
Attached to playing football
Attaching himself to playing football
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
　(单句语法填空/一句多译)
①Do not be (disappoint) if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.
disappointed
②Our results in this market have been rather (disappoint) compared with last year.
③Unfortunately we forgot to weigh them，and I was disappointed ______ (find) they were too small．
disappointing
to find
④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)令他们失望的是，他们第一次尝试做母亲节早餐失败了。
→ ，they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt. (disappointment)
→ was that they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(what引导的主语从句)
To their disappointment
What made them disappointed/What disappointed them
系统归纳 (1) be disappointed at/with/by ... 对……失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事失望
be disappointed that ... 对……失望
(2)disappointment n. 失望
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
(3)disappointing adj. 令人失望的
微点提醒 disappointing常表示事物具有的性质或特征；disappointed常表示人所处的状态。
2．signal vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号； 标志
　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The headteacher signalled to the monitor (manage) the students strictly.
②A man stood up and crossed his arms over his head， (signal) that he was strongly opposed.
to manage
signalling
③The bell ,and the students rose to their feet, seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.
铃声表明放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。
④The driver lifted up the injured boy, placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital， .
司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙把他送到医院，一路上忽视了交通信号灯。
signalled that school was over
ignoring the traffic signals all the way
系统归纳 (1)signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事
signal (sb. ) that 示意(某人)……
(2)traffic signals 交通信号灯
3．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论
　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①As our family income decreased, father argued an increase in our pocket money.
②I regretted arguing her about such a small question.
against
with
③The reason why he had an (argue) with his wife was that their money was running out.
④We tried many ways to ,but in vain.
我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但是徒劳。
argument
argue him into following our advice
系统归纳 (1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for/against sth. 赞成/反对某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
have an argument with 与……争论/争吵
4．result in 导致；造成
?单句语法填空/完成句子
①Work stress resulted his mental illness. His health is now at risk.
②His stomachache resulted his eating too much.
③As far as I'm concerned, concentration on your studies________________
.
在我看来，专心学习将会取得优异的成绩。
in
from
will result in good
grades
?选词填空(as a result/as a result of)
④People have better access to health care than they used to.___________, they're living longer.
⑤ your carelessness, the plan should be put off at least one month.
As a result
As a result of
系统归纳 (1)result from　　　由……造成；因……而产生
(2)as a result 结果；因此
as a result of ... 作为……的结果
微点提醒 result in的主语是“起因”，宾语是“结果”；result from的主语是“结果”，宾语是“起因”。
5．run out 用完；耗尽
　(用run的相关短语填空/完成句子)
①It was only last February that he announced he would president.
②Our energy was but when we heard the call of my uncle，a radiant smile lit up our faces.
run for
running out
③I had all my patience and I began to explode with anger.
④The moment we ,we rode our horses and without hesitation.
当我们遇到一只可爱的野兔时，我们就骑着马，毫不犹豫地追着它。
run out of
ran across/into a cute wild rabbit
ran after it
系统归纳 run out of　 用光；用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；遇上；偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
run for 竞选
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．动词不定式作定语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
① The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
②Do you have anything (do) tonight
③The best way (improve) your English is to join an English club.
to be completed
to do
to improve
④There are five pairs (choose) from, but I'm at a loss which to buy.
⑤China is the third country in the world (send) humans into space.
⑥Mary had great determination (achieve) her goal.
⑦To learn Chinese well, __________________________________________
.
要学好汉语，你必须利用每一个机会说这门语言。
to choose
to send
to achieve
you must make use of every chance to speak the
language
2．动词不定式作状语
　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①They were very surprised (inform)of the news.
②Jack has made great progress, (make)his parents very happy.
③Yesterday I went to see her, only (learn) that she had gone abroad a week before.
to be informed
making
to learn
④In order (pass) the exam，Jane worked hard till midnight.
⑤I'm more than delighted asking me for advice on English learning.
很高兴收到你的来信，向我征求英语学习方面的建议。
to pass
to receive your letter
[谨记规则]
1．动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语可表示还未发生的动作，通常要放在被修饰的词后面。不定式作定语时，与前面被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。
(1) 当名词被the first, the last, the only等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语，而不管动作是否已完成。
(2) 当修饰的名词是ability, ambition, attempt, chance, courage, desire, decision, effort, failure, moment, promise, right, time, wish ...(一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的抽象名词)时常用不定式作后置定语。
(3) 在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或被动式均可。在there be句型中，如果动词不定式有逻辑主语，则动词不定式只能用主动形式。
(4) something, nothing, anything 等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。　　
(5) 如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词或虽然是及物动词但不能与被修饰词之间构成动宾关系，则动词后面必须加上相应的介词。
2．动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语时可位于句首或句末，句首常用逗号隔开，常用结构有in order to 和 so as to，但so as to不可位于句首。
(2)动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语时往往含有“令人意想不到”的意思，其中“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式前有时可以加上only或 but only，以加强语气。
[名师点津]
现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子谓语和结果状语之间有直接的因果关系。
(3)动词不定式作原因状语
动词不定式常跟在一些形容词之后说明产生某种情绪的原因。常见的形容词有happy, lucky，surprised，sorry, glad, delighted, anxious, interested, worried等。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．determine vt.查明；确定；决定
常见考法 (1)determine on/upon (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
determine to do sth.　 决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态)
(3)determination n. 决心；决定
升维考法 考查时常把determined to do sth.作状语的用法作为考查点，有类似用法的还有lost in, caught in, absorbed in等。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①She determined (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
②I have determined working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
③Everyone concerned acted with great courage and________________ (determine)．
to work
on/upon
determination
④Hearing that you're recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming foreign students，I .
听说你正在招募一些志愿者来欢迎即将到来的外国学生，我决定写信申请这份工作。
have determined to write to apply for this job
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/句式升级)
⑤ (determine) to perform well in the final exam, I'm occupied in preparing for it.
⑥As he was determined to study hard, Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor's house to read at night.
→ ，Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor's house to read at night.(用分词短语作状语升级)
Determined
Determined to study hard
2．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
常见考法 (1)have a desire to do sth.　　 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire that ...(should) do ... 渴望……做……
升维考法 desire作动词后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。此外，desire作名词后接主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时也要使用虚拟语气。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①He has a strong desire a smartphone with a large internal memory to work.
②Since you have a strong desire (learn) Chinese culture，I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
③His mother desired him (become) an architect after he grew up.
for
to learn
to become
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/词汇升级)
④The teacher desired that all the exercises (hand) in before school was over.
⑤I desire to become a person like those doctors who have made great contributions to the society.
→ who have made great contributions to the society.(用that引导的宾语从句升级)
(should) be handed
I desire that I (should) become a person like those doctors
3．lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏
常见考法 (1)for lack of　　　　因缺乏……
a lack of 缺乏……
(2)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
升维考法 lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Though Jack was lacking experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.
② lack of human protection, the number of Yangtze finless porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.
?细练升维考法(完成句子/一句多译)
③Health problems are closely connected with__________________________
.
健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
in
For
bad eating habits and (a) lack
of exercise
④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。
→ ，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(状语从句)
→ ,the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice. (状语从句的省略形式)
Though they lacked cooking experience
Though lacking cooking experience
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
　otherwise的用法
(1)otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could have done；表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could do。
(2)otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(单句语法填空)
①We didn't know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we_________ ______(give) you a hand.
②Submit your application on time， you will be banned from participating in the activity.
would have
otherwise
given
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③他承认自己所做的是明智的，否则他就会陷入一系列的麻烦。
It was wise of him to admit what he had done,__________________________
.
④(2021·浙江6月高考写作)抓住这次机会，否则你就不会欣赏到美丽的传统中国画了。
otherwise he would have got
into a series of trouble
Seize the chance, otherwise you won't enjoy the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings.
2020·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.　
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了绿色植物对人类社会和工作效率的积极作用，同时还介绍了科学家们新开发的植物的不寻常的功能：检测地下水质和发光照明。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
答案：D　
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段第二句及下文所举的两个例子可知，第一段主要介绍了绿色植物给人们带来的益处。
2．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A．To detect plants' lack of water.
B．To change compositions of plants.
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.
答案：A　
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water”可知，A选项正确。
3．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
答案：C　
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可推知，在未来，发光植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Can we grow more glowing plants
B．How do we live with glowing plants
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps
D．How are glowing plants made pollution-free
答案：C　
解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段点明了植物的积极作用；第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究；第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光；第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以“打开”和“关上”；第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多，或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替路灯吗？)最能凸显本文主题。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
段落大意题的思维建模(第1题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：定位 扫描题干，确定题干关键信息 根据题干关键信息the first paragraph mainly about定位到第一段。
第二步：寻找 捕捉段落中的关键词和主题句 通过略读和分析段落结构和上下文的逻 辑关系，可知该段第二句是段落主题句，下文围绕这一主题举了两个例子。关键词语是positive effects。
第三步：归纳 归纳本段大意，得出答案 综合以上分析，再比对选项和信息句， “benefits”是文中的“positive effects” 带来的结果。第一段主要介绍了绿色植物给人们带来的益处，故选D。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day ... _____
②(一词多义)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight._____
③(一词多义)Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US._____
改变
开发
消耗
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①be decorated with　　　　 _______
②take ...a step further ________________
③in order to ____
④one-thousandth of ___________
装饰着
使得……更进一步
为了
千分之一的
⑤in the future _____
⑥be exposed to _____________
⑦account for ______
⑧remove from ___________
⑨save energy _____
将来
暴露于；接触
占(比)
从……移除
节能
三、寻结构破长句
1．These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
抓标志：关系代词 ；并列连词 ；连接词 _____
判类型：主句＋定语从句(含有一个时间状语从句)＋并列连词＋并列的定语从句
试翻译：这些植物包括在叶子上印有传感器以显示它们何时缺水的植物，以及 。
that; that
and
when
可以检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物
2．The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
抓标志：从属连词______________
判类型：主句＋地点状语从句＋时间状语从句(省略句)
试翻译：工程师们还试图开发一种开关，________________________
。
where；when
使光线暴露在日光下就
会减弱
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
赏析：在装饰(decorated)有室内植物的工作场所里，员工们的工作是富有成效的(productive)，作者使用了具体数据(15% more)增加了这种陈述的可信度。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①Her favorite thing to draw was butterflies and her bedroom____________ (decorate) with butterfly patterns.
②That evening, after several (product) hours of work, I could smell something cooking.　　
was decorated
productive
2.(赏意境之美)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
赏析：此句提到了一种想象中的开关，当遇到日光时，室内的亮度会减弱，说明了发光植物的节能作用并预测了其前景。展望未来，科技创新、探索精神是永恒的主题。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
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