人教版（2019） 必修 第三册UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES课件(共99张PPT)

(共99张PPT)
UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”　
1．moral adj.　　　 道德的；道义上的
n. 品行；道德；寓意
2．virtue n. 高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质
3．faint vi. 昏倒；晕厥
adj. 不清楚的；微弱的
4．entrust vt. 委托；交付
5．fee n. 专业服务费；报酬
6．union n. 协会；联合会；工会
7．hire vt. 聘任；雇用；租用
n. 租借；租用
8．clinic n. 诊所；门诊部
9．decade n. 十年；十年期
10．tend vt. 照顾；照料
vi. 倾向；趋于
11．staff n. 员工；全体职员
12．retire vi.&vt. 退休；退职；退出
13．saving n. 节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款
14．sharp adj. (增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的； 明显的
15．replace vt. 接替；取代；更换
16．accident n. 事故；车祸；失事
17．import n. 进口；进口商品
vt. 进口；输入；引进
18．export n. 出口；出口商品
vt. 出口；输出；传播
19．pole n. (行星的)极；地极
20．lap n. (坐着时的)大腿部；(跑道等的)一圈
21．bite vt.&vi. 咬；叮；蜇
n. 咬；(咬下的)一口；咬伤
22．chain n. 一连串(人或事)；链子；链条
23．spill vt.&vi. (使)洒出；(使)溢出
24．limp vi. 跛行；一瘸一拐地走
25．tear n. 眼泪；泪水
26．might n. 力量；威力
27．fable n. 寓言；寓言故事
28．court n. (网球等的)球场；法院；法庭
29．income n. 收入；收益
30．per prep. 每；每一
31．therefore adv. 因此；所以
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”　
1．dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困境
2．illustrate vt. (举例)说明；阐明；给(书或文章)加插图
3．precious adj. 珍稀的；宝贵的
4．tuition n. (小组)教学；讲课
5．scholarship n. 奖学金
6．physician n. 医师；(尤指)内科医生
7．colleague n. 同事；同僚
8．faraway adj. 遥远的
9．elsewhere adv. 在别处；去别处
10．publish vt. 发表(作品)；出版
11．kindergarten n. 学前班；幼儿园
12．principle n. 道德原则；法则；原则
13．passive adj. 被动的；顺从的
14．insurance n. 保险；保险业
15．whisper vi.&vt. 悄声说；耳语；低语
n. 耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传
16．midnight n. 子夜；午夜
17．chairman n. 主席；主持人；董事长
18．memory n. 记忆力；回忆
19．pregnant adj. 怀孕的；妊娠的
20．disguise vt. 装扮；假扮；掩盖
n. 伪装；化装用具
21．despair n. 绝望
vi. 绝望；感到无望
22．flexible adj. 灵活的；可变通的
23．tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；焦虑
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”　
1．marry vt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→ n．结婚；婚姻
2．major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．主修课程→ n．大部分；大多数→ n．少数民族；少数派
3．complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚→ n．抱怨
4．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应→ n．反应；回答；回复
marriage
majority
minority
complaint
response
5．reject vt.拒绝接受；不录用→ n．拒绝接受；否决
6. appoint vt.任命；委派→ n．约会；任命→ adj.约定的；指定的
7．elect vt.选举；推选→ n．选举；推选；当选
8．scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓→ adj.害怕的；对……感到惊慌或恐惧的→ adj.恐怖的；吓人的
rejection
appointment
appointed
election
scared
scary
9．energy n．精力；活力；能量→ adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的
10．operate vi.工作；运转；动手术 vt.操作→ n．手术；企业；经营→ n．操作员
11. assist vt.帮助；援助→ n．帮助；协助→ n．助手；助理；售货员
12．harm n．& vt.伤害；损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的
energetic
operation
operator
assistance
assistant
harmful
harmless
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”　
1.“事务”繁多
①accident n．　　　　　 意外事故
②event n. 重大事件
③affair n. 事务；事情
④incident n. (不平常的)事
2.-ship后缀高频名词一览
①scholarship　　　　　 奖学金；学问
②championship 冠军称号
③leadership 领导地位
④relationship 关系
⑤hardship 困难
⑥membership 成员资格
⑦friendship 友谊
3.“人物性格”形容词荟萃
①energetic　　　　　　 有活力的
②mean 吝啬的
③devoted 忠实的
④easy-going 随和的
⑤warm-hearted 热心肠的
⑥active 积极的
⑦generous 慷慨的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 　　 帮助某人渡过难关
2． 学费
3． 易于做某事；往往会发生某事
4． 急救
5． 去世
carry sb.through sth.
tuition fees
tend to do sth.
first aid
pass away
6． 作为对……的纪念
7． 被……绊倒
8． 流着泪；含着泪
9． 处于绝望中
10． 大量
in memory of
trip over
in tears
in despair
a great deal (of)
[联想串记]
1.pass相关短语集锦
pass away　 　　　 去世
pass by 从……旁边经过；时间逝去
pass down (世代)相传；传下来
pass sb./sth. off as 把某人/某物充作……
2.“in＋n.”短语聚焦
in despair　　　　 处于绝望中
in tears 流着泪；含着泪
in trouble 在困境中
in danger 处于危险中
in progress 正在进展中
in surprise 吃惊地
in debt 欠债
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说　
1．“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级意义
教材原句 To a person nothing is more precious than their life, and if they entrust me with that life, how could I refuse that trust, saying I'm cold, hungry, or tired
对一个人来说，生命是最宝贵的。而现在这个人对你说，我把生命交给你，那么你还说什么呢？你冷？你饿？你困？
推荐佳句 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)“Nothing is more precious than the gift you offered to me.” Mother was so moved and hugged them tightly.
“没有什么比你们送给我的礼物更珍贵的了。”母亲非常感动，紧紧地拥抱着他们。
②(新教材外研版必修2佳句)To me，there's nothing better than a cross-cultural afternoon tea of English biscuits and a cup of Chinese oolong tea in a fine china cup！对我来说，用英国饼干搭配盛在细瓷杯中的中国乌龙茶——没有什么比这样一次跨文化的下午茶更棒的了！
续表
2．see意为“见证”的拟人用法
教材原句 The new People's Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role.
中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了更大的作用。
推荐佳句 ①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)Last Sunday saw an extraordinary cross-country running race.
上周日，举行了一场非同寻常的越野赛跑。
推荐佳句 ②(新教材外研版必修1佳句)Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining in the spring sun. Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.
想象一下：春日，群山被银白色的水田包裹，在阳光下闪闪发光；盛夏，佳禾吐绿，将群山染成一片青翠。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊　
形体描写之“手”
Suddenly I felt a hand on my arm and then another on my face. I tried reaching for my box of matches, and grabbed it just in time, for someone was trying to take it out of my pocket. From every direction came these disgusting creatures, pulling at my hair and my clothing. Because I could not get hold of the matches firmly, I shouted as loud as I could.
突然，我感到一只手放在我的胳膊上，然后又一只手放在我的脸上。我试着伸手去拿我的火柴盒，并及时抓住了它，因为有人想把它从我的口袋里拿出来。这些可恶的生物从四面八方出来，拉扯着我的头发和衣服。因为我不能牢牢地抓住火柴，所以我竭尽全力地大声叫喊。
[点评]　本段中使用了“felt a hand on my arm, reaching for, grabbed, take ... out of ... ，pulling at, get hold of”等和手有关的动作，具体生动地描写了一个令人紧张害怕的画面。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He (作出反应) promptly and had the issue settled in time.
2．We all shared in her happiness when she won the (奖学金)．
3．It occurred to me that I had wasted too much (宝贵的) time.
4．My parents lived in a small (遥远的) village in the north.
responded
scholarship
precious
faraway
5．As was reported, over twenty people were killed in the terrible_________ (事故)．
6．The young woman is operating a store of her own，so she has rather _______(灵活的) working hours.
7．The government has imposed strict controls over the (进口) of luxury goods.
8．My thoughts (喷涌而出) and my pen started to dance.
accident
flexible
import
spilt/spilled
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He complained us that this printer didn't function at all.
2．We were all scared death when we found the ground was shaking.
3．The most (energy) and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
4．It's typical of him to respond others' requests in spite of his own business.
to
to
energetic
to
5．The (major) of students show respect and gratitude to their teachers.
6．His colleagues assisted him decorating the house for his wedding.
7．She (appoint) to represent us to send our congratulations at the wedding ceremony.
8．I have never experienced a (exciting) moment than now.
majority
in
is appointed
more exciting
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．After she retired, she donated her savings to a kindergarten.
2．After he failed many times, he soon gave up the attempt .
3．It was the first time that I had found life could so easily .
in despair， tend to， a great deal of， pass away， trip over， in memory of
a great deal of
in despair
pass away
4．We will build a monument those who sacrificed their lives for our country.
5．According to a research conducted recently, men put on weight in middle age.
6．He tried to follow Jack's footsteps in the snow and on a stone.
in memory of
tend to
tripped over
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)_______________________________ ________,I have made great progress in English.(assistance)
在我的英语老师的帮助下，我在英语上取得了巨大进步。
2．(完成句子)It occurred to me that_________________________________ _______this afternoon.
我突然想到今天下午我和我的朋友们有个约会。
With the assistance of my English
I would have an appointment with my
teacher
friends
3．(完成句子) that it's convenient to go to school by bus.
大多数学生都持有这种观点——乘公交车去上学很方便。
4．(完成句子)The past 30 years that have taken place in my hometown.
过去的30年见证了我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
The majority of the students hold the view
have seen the great changes
5．Taking part in the five-kilometer cross-country running race is the most rewarding thing，which benefits us physically and mentally.
→ the five-kilometer cross-country running race，which benefits us physically and mentally.(用“否定词＋比较级”升级)
Nothing is more rewarding than taking part in
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．respond vt.回答；回复 vi.做出反应；回应
　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The resident physician responded the complaints of his patients immediately.
to
②This is done mainly to increase productivity， response to the challenge of foreign competition.
③She made no (respond)to the principle，which made me boil with anger.
④(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Every time I asked him for advice，he would .
每当我向他寻求建议时，他总是立即给我回复。
in
response
respond to/make a response to me immediately
⑤ ,I made the following promises.
作为对您的投诉信的回应，我做出以下承诺。
系统归纳 (1)respond to　　 对……做出回应或反应；答复
(2)response n. 回答；回复；反应
in response to 响应；对……做出反应
make a/no response to 对……做出回应/不予回应
微点提醒 以上短语中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
In response to your letter of complaint
2．appoint vt.任命；委派
　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I have something urgent to handle and therefore, I have to cancel the ___________(appoint) with you, and I will appoint my brother (meet) you at the airport.
②He was appointed chairman of the union, but he rejected the position somehow.
appointment
to meet
as
③(2021·北京高考书面表达)I have to apologize to you for not being able to .
我不得不向你道歉，因为我不能在约定的时间陪你去书店了。
④Learning that ___________________________________________________
______,I sincerely congratulate you.
得知你已被任命为学生会主席，我真诚地祝贺你。
accompany you to the bookshop at the appointed time
you have been appointed as/to be chairman of the Students'
Union
系统归纳 (1)appoint sb. as/to be ... 任命某人为……
appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事
(2)appointment n. 约会；任命
have an appointment with sb. 与某人有约会
make an appointment with sb. 与某人预约
keep/break an appointment 守/违(爽)约
(3)appointed adj. 约定的；指定的
3．assist vt.帮助；协助；援助
　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The guides managed to assist the tourists (find) somewhere to live during the World Cup.
②I waited patiently hoping that someone would come to my_________ (assist)．
to find
assistance
③We're looking for volunteers who would be willing to assist us the group's work.
④ (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作) ，the twins succeeded in making a delicious Mother's Day breakfast，their faces brimming with happy smiles.
在他们的父亲的帮助下，这对双胞胎成功地做出了一顿美味的母亲节早餐，他们的脸上洋溢着快乐的微笑。
with
With the assistance of their father
⑤Having a great deal of teaching experience at a primary school，I do believe .
拥有丰富的小学教学经验，我的确相信可以帮助你的教学。
系统归纳 (1)assist sb.to do/in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.with/in sth. 在某方面帮助某人
(2)assistance n. 帮助；协助
come to one's assistance 援助某人
with the assistance of ... 在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手；助理；售货员
I can assist you in teaching
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He saw a girl (wander)on the street this time yesterday.
② China's image is improving steadily, with more countries___________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
wandering
recognizing
③ Don't leave the water (run) while you brush your teeth.
④I noticed a thief (steal) money from the old woman's pocket yesterday.
⑤In the crowded café， I ,“You can share my table.”
在拥挤的咖啡馆里，我听到一个友好的声音说，“你可以共用我的桌子。”
running
stealing
heard a friendly voice saying
2．动词-ing形式作状语
　(单句语法填空/句型转换)
① (walk) in the park，she saw an old friend.
② (finish)the work，he went to see his teacher.
③ (work) hard, you'll make great progress.
Walking
Having finished
Working
④The snow lasted a week, and resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
→The snow lasted a week, __________________________________________
.
⑤She walked along the street and sang softly to herself.
→She walked along the street， .
resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the
singing softly to herself
whole area
[谨记规则]
1．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词(短语)，如see, hear，feel，smell，watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe等后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示一个正在进行的主动的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
(2)在使役动词宾补结构中使用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事”。
(3)在with复合结构中，现在分词充当宾语补足语，表示动作“正在进行”。
2．动词-ing形式作状语
动词-ing形式作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随动作，通常可转化成与之相对应的状语从句。
(1)动词-ing形式作时间状语
动词-ing形式作时间状语时，相当于时间状语从句。可在现在分词前加连词“when, while, until”等，使其时间意义更明确。
(2)动词-ing形式作原因状语
动词-ing形式作原因状语时，可转换为由“since, because, as”引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。
(3)动词-ing形式作条件状语
动词-ing形式作条件状语时，可转换为“if, once, unless”等引导的条件状语从句。
(4)动词-ing形式作让步状语
动词-ing形式作让步状语时，相当于一个“though/although”引导的让步状语从句。
(5)动词-ing形式作方式、伴随、结果状语
动词-ing形式作方式、伴随或结果状语时，通常不能转换为状语从句，但可用并列分句代替。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．majority n．大部分；大多数
常见考法 (1)a/the majority of ...　　　大多数……
be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多数
(2)minority n． 少数；少数派/人；少数民族
be in the/a minority 占少数
(3)major adj. 主要的
vi. 主修
n. 主修课程
升维考法 “the/a majority of＋名词”，表示“大多数……”，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词的数保持一致；the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①When I graduated from high school, I wanted to major comparative literature.
②To our joy, the majority people choose to carry others through hard times even if they are faced with moral dilemmas.
③Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are the majority.
in
of
in
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
④According to the survey, reading as their favorite way in English learning.根据调查，大多数学生认为阅读是他们最喜欢的英语学习方式。
the majority of students consider
2．a great/good deal of 许多的；大量的
常见考法 (1)a great/good deal用作副词短语时，可修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以修饰动词作状语。
(2)a great deal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，作主语或者宾语。
(3)a great/good deal of“许多的，大量的”，只能修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词可以用a great many (of)。
升维考法 常见数量修饰语分类：
(1)修饰可数名词复数：many, a good/great many, a good/large number of
(2)修饰不可数名词：much, a good/great deal of, a large amount of, large amounts of
(3)既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词：plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a quantity of, quantities of
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①All of these people gave me a great deal information I have never heard of.
②He ran a great deal (fast) than the policeman and at last he escaped being caught.
of
faster
③He spent with the poor families, and he_____________ _____from the experience.
他花了大量的时间和这些贫困家庭待在一起，而且他从这次经历中学到了很多东西。
a great deal of time
learned a great
deal
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
④(2021·浙江6月高考写作)While walking back home with an excited mind, I conceived about how to dispose of it.
带着兴奋的心情走在回家的路上时，我想到了很多如何处理它的计划。
⑤Typically, fishing is a hobby which calls for .
通常，钓鱼是一种需要极大耐心的爱好。
plenty of/a good/great many plans
a great deal of patience
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．“否定词＋比较级”结构，表示最高级意义
(1)“否定词＋比较级”结构，意为“没有比……更……的了；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法
(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①I had never spent a (worrying) day than the day when I was waiting for the result of the College Entrance Examination.
②In my opinion, nothing is (pleasant) than traveling.
more worrying
more pleasant
③From my point of view, health is the most important thing in our daily life.
→From my point of view， in our daily life.
nothing is more important than health
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
④(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)“我从来没吃过比这更美味的早餐了！”妈妈激动地回答道。
“ ！” The mother responded excitedly.
⑤没有什么比帮助别人更有意义的事。
There is assisting others.
I have never had a more delicious breakfast than this one
nothing more meaningful than
2．see 意为“见证”的拟人用法
(1)see意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
(2)与see用法相同的动词有find, witness, experience等，这些词在句中作谓语，用物作主语时，表示一种拟人的修辞手法，以增添语言色彩，使表达更形象。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①With the rapid development of economy, great changes have taken place in our city in the last few years.
→With the rapid development of economy, the last few years_____________ _______________________in our city.(用拟人的修辞手法升级，see/witness)
have seen
/witnessed great changes
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
②国庆节目睹了人们在街上欢快地唱歌跳舞，庆祝我们伟大祖国的生日。
National Day _____________________________________________________
________to celebrate our great motherland's birthday.
③众所周知，2022年见证了中国“神舟十五号”载人飞船的成功发射。
As is known to all, 2022 of China's Shenzhou-15 manned spaceship.
saw/witnessed people singing and dancing happily in the
streets
saw/witnessed the successful launching
2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B篇
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry，“food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes，“if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”　 　
If that's hard to understand， let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him， it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington， D.C.， which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries？
Volunteers will wash， cut， and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.,Such methods seem obvious， yet so often we just don't think.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste， whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat，” Curtin says.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文中作者讲述了自己浪费芝麻菜的故事，描述了食物浪费的现状及其带来的后果，并介绍了Curtin的公司把人们不想要的食物变成美食的做法。
1．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
答案：B　
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste”以及“But I ended up working late ... unthinkingly bought way too much”可知，作者有意识避免浪费食物，但还是因为加班、和朋友聚餐以及买得太多而导致芝麻菜腐烂。由此可推知，我们有时会在无意中浪费食物。
2．What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A．Moral decline.　　 B．Environmental harm.
C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation.
答案：B　
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem.”可知，浪费食物的后果是引发环境问题。
3．What does Curtin's company do
A．It produces kitchen equipment.
B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C．It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D．It makes meals out of unwanted food.
答案：D　
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息Curtin's company可定位到第四段。根据第四段中的“Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of ...have rotted in fields.”可知，Curtin的公司用人们不想要的食物来做饭菜。
4．What does Curtin suggest people do
A．Buy only what is needed.
B．Reduce food consumption.
C．Go shopping once a week.
D．Eat in restaurants less often.
答案：A　
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“... whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat”可知，Curtin建议人们仅购买所需要的食品。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第1题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：定位 查找对应信息点 根据题干关键信息by telling the arugula story定位到第一段，尤其是该段中对该故事进行评论的句子，即第一句和第三、四句及最后一句。
第二步：理解 信息点的字面意思 作者有意识避免浪费食物，但还是因为加班、和朋友聚餐以及买得太多而导致芝麻菜腐烂。
第三步：分析 结合信息点推断言外之意 由以上信息可推知，我们有时会因为各种偶发因素无意中浪费食物。故选 。
续表
B
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)I stuck the chicken in the freezer._____
②(一词多义)In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry，“food waste goes against the moral grain，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story._____
放置
封面
③(一词多义)It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.___________
④(一词多义)Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D．C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.________________
⑤(一词多义)Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields._______
丢弃；废弃
回收；重新利用
农产品
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①be mindful of　　　　　　 ___________
②round out ______________
③end up doing sth. ______________
④go bad ____
注意；关注
完善；锦上添花
以做某事而告终
变质
⑤go hungry _____
⑥throw away _____
⑦turn ... into ... _______________
⑧play a part in _______________
挨饿
扔掉
把……变成……
在……中起作用
三、寻结构破长句
1．Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.
抓标志：关系代词____
判类型：主句＋定语从句(含虚拟语气)
试翻译：去年，它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807 500磅的食品，否则 。
that
这些农产品就会在地里腐烂
2．Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat ...
抓标志：从属连词 ；被省略的关系代词which/that
判类型：主句＋让步状语从句(含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用， ，还是要求餐馆不提供你不吃的配菜……
whether
无论是在你每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
赏析：用副词(perfectly)和形容词(good)修饰food，用“ugly”(but quite eatable) 描述蔬菜被扔掉的原因，表达了作者对有些食物被扔掉的不理解；用被动语态is thrown away和rejected by grocers、量词large amounts of 突出了作者的惋惜之情。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①He kept a (perfect) calm tone throughout, which helped comfort me.
②Large amounts of rubbish, such as leftover food, waste paper, used plastic bottles and batteries (produce) every day.
perfectly
are produced
　2.(赏衔接之美)The arugula was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
赏析：该段中But，Then，But，Even worse等衔接词(短语)的运用，把作者因为外出就餐而浪费掉买来做沙拉的芝麻菜这一经历以及期间的心理活动描述的一波三折。这件糟糕的事情发生得越是自然，就越令人深思。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①(2021·全国乙卷书面表达)Online learning has become an important way to study recently, it has many disadvantages.
② ,without helmets, people are risking their lives while riding.
更糟糕的是，没有头盔，人们在骑车时会有生命危险。　
but
Even worse
3.(赏修辞之美)In fact, Royte writes，“if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
赏析：罗伊特用类比的修辞手法，把食物浪费比作一个国家，生动形象地描述了“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”这一骇人事实，让人们对看起来微不足道的食物浪费所带来的严重的环境问题有了具体形象的认识。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
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谢
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