人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册UNIT 5　FIRST AID复习课件(共99张PPT)

(共99张PPT)
UNIT 5　FIRST AID
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”　
1．ray n．　　　　　　 光线；光束；(热，电等)射线
2．acid n. 酸
adj. 酸的；酸性的
3．layer n. 层；表层；层次
4．victim n. 受害者；患者
5．nerve n. 神经
6．ease vi.&vt. (使)宽慰；减轻；缓解
n. 容易；舒适；自在
7．swallow vt.&vi. 吞下；咽下
8．wrap vt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)围住
9．bath n. 洗澡；浴缸；浴盆
vt. 给……洗澡
10．slip vi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走
n. 滑倒；小错误；纸条
11．elderly adj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)
12．carpet n. 地毯
13．delay vi.&vt. 推迟；延期(做某事)
vt. 耽误；耽搁
n. 延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
14．needle n. 针；缝衣针；注射针；指针
15．ward n. 病房
16．drown vi.&vt. (使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没
17．sprain vt. 扭伤(关节)
n. 扭伤
18．ankle n. 踝；踝关节
19．panic vi.&vt. (使)惊慌
n. 惊恐；恐慌
20．scream vi.& vt. (因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫
n. 尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
21．fellow adj. 同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的
n. 男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类
22．diner n. (尤指餐馆的)就餐者
23．choke vi.&vt. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽
24．steak n. 牛排；肉排
25．throat n. 咽喉；喉咙
26．slap vt. (用手掌)打、拍
n. (用手掌)打、拍；拍击声
27．fist n. 拳；拳头
28．grab vt. 抓住；攫取
n. 抓取；抢夺
29．manual n. 使用手册；说明书
adj. 用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的
30．suburb n. 郊区；城外
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”　
1．technique n. 技能；技术；技艺
2．leaflet n. 散页印刷品；传单；小册子
3．radiation n. 辐射；放射线
4．millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米
5．electric adj. 电的；用电的；电动的
6．blister n. (皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；
(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡
7．underneath prep.&adv. 在……底下；隐藏在下面
8．fabric n. 织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构
9．paramedic n. 急救医生；护理人员
10．bathtub n. 浴缸；浴盆
11．mosquito n. 蚊子
12．ambulance n. 救护车
13．obstruction n. 阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物
14．motion n. 运动；移动
15．justify vt. 证明……有道理；为……辩护；
是……的正当理由
16．welfare n. 幸福；福祉；安康；福利
17．collapse vi. (突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒
18．membership n. 会员身份；全体会员；会员人数
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”　
1．organ n．(人或动植物的)器官→ adj.有机的；绿色的→__________ n．有机体；生物
2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→ n．少数；少数民族
3．swell vi.膨胀；肿胀→ adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的
4．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→ adv.松散地；宽松地
organic
organism
minority
swollen
loosely
5．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→ adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→ adv.紧急地；急迫地→ n．紧急；急事；催促
6．operate v．操作；做手术；经营→ n．电话接线员；操作员→ n．操作；手术
7．bleed vi.流血；失血→ n．流血；失血→ n .血液
8．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断→____________ n．打断；打扰
urgent
urgently
urgency
operator
operation
bleeding
blood
interruption
9．desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的→ adv.绝望地；拼命地
10．practice n．练习；实践；惯例→ adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的
11．tight adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地→________ adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地
12．fog n．雾；迷惑；困惑→ adj.有雾的
desperately
practical
tightly
foggy
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”　
1.用“电”安全记心中
①electric adj.　　　　　 电的；用电的
②electricity n. 电
③electrics n. 电路
④electrical adj. 电的；用电的
⑤electronic adj. 电子的；电子设备的
⑥electronics n. 电子学
2.“叫喊”声声不绝耳
①scream vi.&vt.　　　　 高声喊
②yell vt. 大喊；叫喊
③shout vt. 喊叫；大声说
④roar vt. 咆哮；大声地说
⑤howl vt. 大声叫喊；怒吼
⑥cry out 喊叫
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 　　　　　 触觉
2． 各种各样的
3． 被分成
4． 坚持；粘住
5． 要求；需要；去接(某人)
sense of touch
a variety of
be divided into
stick to
call for
6． 忍受；遭受
7． 帮助某人站起身来
8． 睡过头；迟起；睡懒觉
9． 健康状况不好
10． 袖手旁观；无动于衷
suffer from
help sb. to one's feet
sleep in
out of shape
stand by
[联想串记]
1.“各种各样的”相关短语
a variety of　　　　　 varieties of
all kinds of all sorts of
2.stand的相关短语
stand by　　　　　 袖手旁观
stand for 代表；象征
stand out 突出；显眼
stand up for 支持；维护
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说　
1．if省略结构
教材原句 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
推荐佳句 ①If so, you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.
如果这样的话，你可能会惊讶地发现图书馆已经变得更好了。
②(新教材外研版必修1佳句)You must have had some moments when you were disappointed.If so, how did you deal with them
你肯定也经历过灰心丧气的时刻。在这种情况下，你是如何应对的呢？
续表
2．错综虚拟语气
教材原句 Well, if the car hadn't been in an accident, that would be a good price, but it has a few minor problems.
好的，如果这辆小汽车不是发生了事故，那会是个好价钱，但是它有一些小毛病。
推荐佳句 ①(2021·全国乙卷书面表达)If there hadn't been the help of the Internet, I would not achieve so much in my studies.
如果没有互联网的帮助，我就不会在学习上取得这么多的成绩。
②You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
假若你当时采取我的建议，你现在就会好多了。
3．have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.
教材原句 Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having trouble breathing.
然后她意识到自己站不起来了，而且呼吸困难。
推荐佳句 ①(2021·全国乙卷书面表达)In recent years, I have had difficulty in reading famous books.
最近几年，我在读名著方面有困难。
②(新教材译林版必修1佳句)She told me she had trouble concentrating in class.
她告诉我她在课堂上很难集中注意力。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊　
情感表达之“沮丧”
We were worrying about what could be done. But after waiting in vain for a long time, under the hot burning sun, worried and depressed, I was wandering the road aimlessly. “What if no one is willing to help us？” All of a sudden, a man with his hands waving at mom came into our view.
我们担心的是能做些什么。但在徒劳地等待了很久之后，在炙热的太阳下，既担心又沮丧，我漫无目的地徘徊在路上。“如果没有人愿意帮助我们怎么办？”突然，一个向妈妈挥手的男人进入了我们的视野。
[点评]　本段中的第二句生动形象地刻画了主人公十分沮丧且焦急的心情。常用的描写人物沮丧的词汇有：hopeless, disappointed, discouraged, despair, depress, frustrate, in despair等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She (哽咽) and her eyes brimmed with tears.
2．I couldn't believe what I saw and didn't know how to (缓解) my embarrassment.
3．I gently placed the rabbit in the box, named her Bunny and (包、裹) her in the blanket.
choked
ease
wrapped
4．Then, fortunately, someone helped me.He (抓住) my arms and pulled me up.
5．She (溜走) away without him being aware of it.
6．Without (推迟), he climbed up the tree quickly to reach for the leaf.
7．In attempting to save the child from (淹死), she nearly lost her own life.
grabbed
slipped
delay
drowning
8．Jenna (恐慌). Thankfully, Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly.
9．All of us were (打断) by an old flower woman through the front door.
10．(2021· 天津3月高考)My kids (尖叫) with joy.We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day.
panicked
interrupted
screamed
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Only a small (minor) of students are interested in this course these days.
2．By the time I got home, my eyes were red and (swell)．
3．I suggest that you attend to the most (urge) matters.
4．His quality of life has improved dramatically since the__________ (operate)．
minority
swollen
urgent
operation
5．The best way to treat such (bleed) is to apply firm pressure.
6． (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while you're trying to get work done.
7．William swiftly jumped over the covered snake and_______________ (desperate) ran towards his father.
bleeding
Interruptions
desperately
8．(2021·天津3月高考)In addition to (practice) skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of community.
9．A little surprised at what I said, my mom hugged me (tight)．
10．It was now the middle of November, cold and often (fog)．
practical
tightly
foggy
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．We cannot and watch them being bullied.
2．The class will small groups for the oral drill.
3．The blind men trusted their own very much.
sense of touch， a variety of， be divided into， suffer from， help sb.to one's feet， sleepin， out of shape， stand by
stand by
be divided into
sense of touch
4．I'm going to tomorrow! Don't bother to wake me up.
5．Seeing the accident, he came up and the girl .
6．I am a little bit ,so I should get some exercise to keep fit.
7．One late night, he diarrhea (腹泻)and had to wake up his younger brother.
8．There are activities to take part in, ranging from making traditional food to learning calligraphy.
sleep in
helped
to her feet
out of shape
suffered from
a variety of
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble .
如果你的意识尽可能敏锐，那么你回答这些问题就不会有困难。
2．(完成句子)Don't stop speaking when you make a mistake .
当你犯错误时不要停止演讲，除非错误非常严重。
answering these questions
unless it's a truly serious one
3．(一句多译)如果我遵从老师的建议，我现在就能坐在大学教室里了。
① ,I would sit in the university classroom.
② ,I would sit in the university classroom.(倒装句)
If I had followed my teacher's advice
Had I followed my teacher's advice
4．(一句多译)正如报道的，中国已成为世界上一个重要的国家。
① ,China has become an important country in the world.(as)
② China has become an important country in the world.(it作形式主语)
③ is that China has become an important country in the world.(what引导主语从句)
5．If it is necessary, we can always change the date of our trip.
→ ,we can always change the date of our trip.(状语从句的省略)
As is reported
It is reported that
What is reported
If necessary
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期(做某事) vt.耽误；耽搁 n．延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟
　(单句语法填空)
①He had to delay (do) the task because of weather.
doing
②(2020·浙江高考读后续写) I was too terrified to forget to do so just now.I did as told delay.
③(2020·江苏高考)They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won't (delay).
系统 归纳 (1)delay doing sth.　　　推迟做某事
(2)without delay 毫不延迟地；迅速地
微点 提醒 “延缓做某事，推迟做某事”的表达还有：
put off doing sth., postpone doing sth.等。
without
be delayed
2．interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰；打岔；暂时中断或中止 vt.使暂停；使中断
　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021·浙江1月高考)Any small (interrupt) — a price check, a chatty customer — can have downstream effects, holding up an entire line.
interruption
②When people try (interrupt) you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you'll find them then.
③She has kept up physical training for several years .
她坚持锻炼，多年来从未间断。
to interrupt
without interruption
系统归纳 (1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.) 　(用某事)打断某人/某事
be interrupted by 被……打断
(2)interruption n. 打断；打扰
without interruption 连续地；不断地
易混辨析 (1)interrupt 指打断别人的交谈，或者正在进行的事情。
(2)bother 指的是麻烦、拜托别人去做某件可能对方不乐意的事情。
(3)disturb 指的是别人在专心做某件事情，或者是在休息的时候，打扰了对方。
3．help sb.to one's feet 帮助某人站起身来
　(完成句子)
①The girl fell down by accident.He immediately stepped forward and .
这个女孩不小心摔倒了。他立即上前帮她站起来。
helped her to her feet
②The doctor said he would soon.
医生说他不久就可以康复了。
③He was so weak that he could hardly .
他太虚弱了，以至于挣扎着也站不起来。
系统归纳 struggle to one's feet　　　　挣扎着站起来
be back on one's feet 恢复；完全复原
get/rise to one's feet 站起身
be back on his feet
struggle to his feet
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．动词-ing形式作主语
　(单句语法填空)
① (explore) space is always something we humans want to do.
② (have) a good teacher makes a big difference when you're learning to drive.
Exploring
Having
③Walking to work, (take) part in an online exercise program or meeting with friends for a walk also works to easily get more physical activity.
④ It's a waste of time (play) video games every day.
taking
playing
2．动词-ing形式作宾语
　(单句语法填空)
①According to a recent survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week_________ (watch) TV.
②Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time_________ (pass) the exam.
③As the boy is addicted to (play) computer games, he has lost all interest in his lessons.
watching
passing
playing
④When it comes to (keep) healthy, playing sports enjoys widespread popularity among people.
⑤When we are shopping online, we should keep wise to prevent ourselves from (cheat)．
keeping
being cheated
3．动词-ing形式作定语
　(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①The museum had several paintings (represent) the artist's early style.
②They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
③The capital city London is an ancient port city that has a history (date) back to Roman times.
representing
coming
dating
④ The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, featuring crop fields, a river (wind) through the landscape，and farmers hard at work.
⑤New Zealand is a country which consists of two big islands and many smaller ones.
→New Zealand is a country two big islands and many smaller ones.(非谓语动词)
winding
consisting of
4．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
　(单句语法填空)
①I observed some young students (swim) in the river then.
②With the College Entrance Examination (approach), some students are getting more and more nervous.
swimming
approaching
③And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
④I saw some elderly people (practice) Tai Chi slowly.I stopped and watched their movements closely.
surrounding
practicing
5．动词-ing形式作状语
　(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①He smiled suddenly, (expose) a set of amazingly white teeth.
②On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
exposing
listening
③However, her children have learned an important lesson__________ (witness) their mother earn her degree.
④The eye-catching colors and styles created a visual feast that many have never seen before, quickly (turn) the collections into best sellers.
⑤(2021·北京高考)From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.
witnessing
turning
resulting
⑥The mother looked at the beef being cooked on the stove and pictured the whole family having meals together.
→ the beef being cooked on the stove, the mother pictured the whole family having meals together.(非谓语动词)
Looking at
[谨记规则]
动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。
动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。
(1)动词-ing形式作主语：往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首；形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。
(2)动词-ing形式作宾语：作动词的宾语；作介词的宾语。
(3)动词-ing形式作定语：动名词(短语)作定语，表示名词的属性、作用或用途，作“供……用”讲时，常置于被修饰的名词前；现在分词(短语)作定语，表示所修饰词的动作或状态，被修饰词与现在分词之间是主动关系，相当于一个定语从句。
(4)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语：表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing位于感官动词后；动词-ing位于使役动词后；用于with复合结构中。
(5)动词-ing形式作状语： 可作时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步、伴随状语等。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解；使容易 n．容易；舒适；自在
常见考法 (1)ease one's mind　　 使某人安心
ease the pain/stress/burden 减轻痛苦/压力/负担
(2)at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地
put sb.at ease 使某人放松
take one's ease 休息；轻松一下
升维考法 (1)ease用作及物动词时常接名词或代词作宾语，主语可以是人，也可以是物。
(2)ease用作不及物动词时，主语多为物。有时主动形式含有被动意义。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①With a sigh of relief, I took my bag and thanked this stranger.The stranger's friendly smile put me ease.
②He passed the important exam ease.
③The doctor promised that these pills would .
医生承诺这些药丸能缓解疼痛。
at
with
ease the pain
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
④Tensions .
紧张缓解了。
⑤If we can ,we will try our best.
如果我们能够帮助他们减轻经济负担，我们一定会尽力。
had eased
help ease their financial burden
2．panic vi.&vt.(使)惊慌n.惊恐；恐慌
常见考法 (1)panic over/about/at ... 因……而恐慌
panic sb.into doing sth. 使某人惊慌地做某事
(2)get into a panic 使陷入惊慌状态
in panic 惊慌失措地
升维考法 注意：panic的过去式：panicked；
过去分词：panicked；
现在分词：panicking
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021·浙江1月高考)I got into panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle, but it was no use.
②Office workers fled panic as the fire broke out.
a
in
③The big fire panicked the operator into (jump) from the third floor to the ground.
④(2021·浙江1月高考写作)I was stuck for five or six minutes though it felt much longer. ,I began to cry.
我被困了五六分钟，虽然感觉要长得多。我越来越惊慌，开始哭起来。
jumping
Growing more panic
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/一句多译)
⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire.Jenna (panic)．
⑥我惊慌失措，完全忘记了如何控制一匹马。
→I was I forgot how to control a horse completely.(so ... that)
→ that I forgot how to control a horse completely.(倒装句)
panicked
so panicked that
So panicked was I
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．if引导的状语从句的省略结构
if any　　　　　　　　　　 如果有的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if so 如果这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if necessary 如果有必要的话
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①There won't be much difficulty, if there is any.
→There won't be much difficulty, .
②It is always best to choose organically grown foods if it is possible.
→It is always best to choose organically grown foods .
if any
if possible
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③如果必要的话，我们能帮你们找一位有经验的导游。
④如果可能的话，不要把钱花在无用的东西上。
⑤如果这样的话，你应该立即实施急救。
If necessary, we can find an experienced guide for you.
Don't spend money on useless things if possible.
If so, you should do first aid without delay.
2．错综虚拟语气
if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
对现在的虚拟 一般过去式 (be动词用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形
对过去的虚拟 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
对将来的虚拟 should＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形
一般过去式
were to＋动词原形
[名师点津]　当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。
续表
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(完成句子)
①If we ,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.
如果我们赶上昨天的航班，我们就可以在海滩上度假了。
②If it ,the ground would be wet now.
要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
had caught the flight yesterday
had rained last night
③If it tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.
如果明天下雨，我们将不得不推迟运动会。
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美(一句多译)
如果当时采取我的建议，你现在就不会有麻烦了。
④
⑤ (倒装句)
should rain/were to rain/rained
If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.
Had you taken my advice then, you wouldn't be in trouble now.
2019·浙江6月高考·阅读理解C篇
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor (因素)．
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)．
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt (融雪)．
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.　 　
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
答案：A　
解析：段落大意题。根据第二段中“The number of trees ...declined by 50 percent ... more than 55 percent ...75 percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加利福尼亚州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性。
2．Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
答案：D　
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，声势浩大的野外火灾控制措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树竞争资源，从而导致大树数量减少。
3．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A．Inadequate snowmelt.
B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.
D．Dampness of the air.
答案：C　
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
答案：A　
解析：标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚州森林中大树数量急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
段落大意题的思维建模(第1题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent ...___________
②(熟词生义)Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. ____________
③(一词多义)．..McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development._____
(数量)减少
主要；首席
记录
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①decline by　　 　 　　　　 ___________ 　
②contribute to ___________
③be crowded with _____
④compete with ___________
⑤protect ... from ... _________________
下降了……
导致；促使
挤满
与……竞争
保护……免受……
⑥figure out _____________
⑦in comparison with ___________
⑧take into account _______
⑨drive up _____
⑩be available to _____________
计算出；查明
与……比较
考虑到
抬升
可供……利用
三、寻结构破长句
1．The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt.
抓标志：关系代词 ;连接词_____
that
how
判类型：主句＋定语从句(含有一个宾语从句以及现在分词短语作状语)
试翻译：研究人员通过一个计算机模型计算出树木的水分压力， ，并考虑了降雨、空气温度、土壤湿度和融雪时间等因素。
该模型计算出树木获得的水分，与它们所需的水分之间进行比较
2．Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
抓标志：插入语 ;关系代词 ；并列连词 ；关系代词______
McIntyre said
which
and
which
判类型：分隔结构＋主句＋定语从句＋并列连词＋定语从句
试翻译：麦金太尔说，自20世纪30年代以来，造成该州水资源紧张的最大因素是气温上升， ，以及融雪提前， 。
这导致树木流失更多的水分到空气中
这减少了旱季树木的水供应
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
赏析：本句中使用aggressive这个褒贬倾向兼具的词隐晦地表达了作者对野火控制措施的不认可；使用crowded，compete等词形象描述了加州森林长满了小树的情景以及小树与大树争夺资源的关系。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①All the fantastic memory (crowd) in and she couldn't help crying.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) (compete)．
③What's worse, if exposed to violent games, players tend to be______________ (aggressive)than usual.
crowded
competition
more aggressive
2.(赏意境之美)No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.
赏析：此句运用from ...to ...to ...以及双重否定(No area was spared or unaffected)表达强调的写作手法把“美国加州的森林中大树急剧减少”这一令人担忧的具体情形描述的情景交融。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（五）”
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