人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE复习课件(共107张PPT)

(共107张PPT)
UNIT 4　ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”　
1．wage n．　　　　　 工资
2．bitter adj.　　 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3．aboard adv.& prep. 　 上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
4．crush vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎
n. 拥挤的人群
5．sink vi. 沉没；下沉；下降
vt. 使下沉；使沉没
6．stove n. 炉具；厨房灶具
7．banjo n. 班卓琴(乐器)
8．navy n. 海军；海军部队
9．decent adj. 相当不错的；正派的；得体的
10．cosy adj. 温馨的；舒适的
11．selfish adj. 自私的
12．crew n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；
专业团队；一群人
13．bark vi.& n. (狗)吠叫；吠叫声
14．rugby n. 橄榄球运动
15．bat n. 球拍；蝙蝠
　 vi.& vt. 用球板击球；挥打；拍打
16．damp adj. 潮湿的；湿气重的
17．nephew n. 侄子；外甥
18．rough adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
19．motor n. 发动机；马达
adj. 有引擎的；机动车的
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”　
1．adversity n. 困境；逆境
2．expedition n. 探险；远征；探险队
3．vigour n. 精力；力量；活力
4．cupboard n. 橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
5．steward n. (轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
6．blanket n. 毯子
7．miserable adj. 痛苦的；令人难受的
8．voyage n．& vi. 航海；航行
9．good/bad-tempered adj.　 脾气好的/坏的
10．genuine adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
11．thorough adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的
12．furniture n. 家具
13．recreation n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏
14．corporate adj. 公司的；法人的；社团的
15．navigator n. 领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者
16．candidate n. 候选人；应试者
17．episode n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；
插曲
18．Confucianism n. 孔子学说；儒家(学说)
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”　
1．endure v．忍耐；持续→ n．忍耐力；耐久力
2．qualify vt.(使)合格；(使)具备资格→ adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→ n．资格；资历
3．enthusiasm n．热情；热心→ adj.热情的；热心的→______________ adv.热情地→ n．热衷者；爱好者
endurance
qualified
qualification
enthusiastic
enthusiastically
enthusiast
4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→ n．(工作等的)分派；布置
5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→ adj.嫉妒的
6．abandon vt.舍弃；放弃；抛弃→ adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
7．belong vi.适应；属于→ n．[pl.]财物；动产
assignment
envious
abandoned
belongings
8．persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求→ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
9．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→ __________n．决议；解决；坚定
10． adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→ n．残忍→ adv.残酷地
perseverance
resolution
cruel
cruelty
cruelly
11．fortune n．[U]机会；运气；[C]大笔的钱→ adj.幸运的→__________ adv.幸运地→ adj.不幸的→____________ adv.不幸地；遗憾地
12．guide vt.指导 n．向导；指南→ n．指导；引导；导航
13．advertise vt. & vi. 公布；宣传；做广告→ n．广告活动；广告业→ n. 广告
fortunate
fortunately
unfortunate
unfortunately
guidance
advertising
advertisement
14．loyal adj. 忠诚的；忠实的→ n．忠诚；忠实
15．commit v．犯(罪)；承诺；委托→ adj.坚信的；坚定的→___________ n．承诺；保证；奉献
16．motivate vt.成为……的动机；激发；激励→ n．动机；原因；目的→ n．积极性；动机
loyalty
committed
commitment
motive
motivation
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”　
1.品“酸甜苦辣咸”人生百味
①bitter adj.　 味苦的 ②sweet adj.　 甜的
③sour adj. 酸的 ④spicy adj. 辣的
⑤salty adj. 咸的 ⑥tasty adj. 美味的
2.享“多样家具”生活多彩
①cupboard n. 橱柜　 ②table n．　　　 桌子
③armchair n. 扶手椅 ④bench n. 长凳
⑤bookshelf n. 书架 ⑥drawer n. 抽屉
⑦carpet n. 地毯 ⑧sofa n. 沙发
⑨mirror n. 镜子 ⑩air-conditionern. 空调
3.记-ance 后缀名词数量众多
①guidance　　　　　　 指导
②assistance 帮助；援助
③reliance 依靠；依赖；信任
④entrance 入口；大门；通道
⑤performance 表演
⑥appearance 出现；容貌；外观
⑦insurance 保险；保险单
⑧disturbance 打扰；干扰；妨碍
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 　　　　　 在……的年纪
2． 拒绝(某人)
3． 热衷于
4． 出发
5． 扔掉；浪费掉
at the age of
turn sb.down
be enthusiastic about
set off
throw away
6． 振作精神
7． 每况愈下
8． 获得成功
9． 坚持；稍等
10． 由……组成
keep one's spirits up
from bad to worse
make it
hold on
consist of
11． 使某人振作起来
12． 处理；对付
13． 生火
14． 　　　 放出(热、 光、气味或气体)
cheer sb.up
deal with
make fire
give off
[联想串记]
1.keep的相关短语
keep one's spirits up　 振作精神
keep track of 记录；掌握……的最新消息
keep back 阻止；抑制；扣除
keep on 继续
keep away from 远离
keep up with 保持；跟得上；保持联系
2.fire的相关短语
make fire　　　　　　　　 生火
catch fire 着火
be on fire 在燃烧
set fire to/set sth. on fire 放火烧
play with fire 玩火
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说　
1．It happened that ...“碰巧或恰巧……”
教材原句 Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。
推荐佳句 ①It happened that she was out when we called.
我们打电话时她刚巧不在家。
②Sam is my colleague, and it happens that we spent our childhood in the same community.
山姆是我的同事，并且我们碰巧在同一个社区长大。
续表
2．without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
教材原句 Without Frank and Ernest, we'd all be dead by now.
要不是有弗兰克和欧内斯特，我们到现在早就没命了。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Without you, I would never taste such a sense of achievement of challenging myself.
没有你，我永远不会有挑战自己的成就感。
②(新教材北师大版选择性必修2佳句)Without love you would not be happy or want to play.
没有爱，你就不会快乐，也不会想玩耍。
推荐佳句 ③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)For one thing, I wouldn't have made such great progress in maths without his patient assistance.
首先，如果没有他的耐心帮助，我的数学成绩不会取得这么大的进步。
续表
3．条件句的虚拟语气
教材原句 If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve.
要是没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死的。
推荐佳句 ①If it weren't for Dad, I wouldn't be where I am today.
要不是爸爸，我今天就不会在这里了。
②(新教材外研版必修1佳句)Mum wouldn't have been happy if I'd left Jonny behind.
要是我撇下乔尼，妈妈肯定会不高兴的。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊　
情感表达之“厌烦”
As the bell rang, I stood on the platform, eyes wandering across the classroom. The students seemed to be expecting another boring and dull lesson, some dropping their eyes and some whispering in the back rows. I cleared my throat and announced, “Boys and girls, let's begin with your thoughts about the literature.”
上课铃响了，我站在讲台上，目光扫视着教室。学生们似乎在期待又一堂枯燥乏味的课，有的垂下了眼睛，有的在后排窃窃私语。我清了清嗓子，宣布道：“孩子们，让我们从你们对文学的想法开始吧。”
[点评]　本段中使用了“boring and dull, some dropping their eyes and some whispering in the back rows”来描述学生们对老师的课不感兴趣，刻画了学生们厌烦的心理。本段采用先抑后扬的写作手法，为后来学生态度的改变埋下了伏笔。常用的描写人物厌烦的词汇有：bored, disgusted, tiring, be tired of, be fed up with等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'd earn minimum (工资). I'd see how a factory worked.
2．My grandparents often look back on their (痛苦的) life in the old society.
3．Helen was chosen for the job because she was the superior (候选人)．
wage
bitter
candidate
4．One shouldn't be (自私的)．He should learn to care for others.
5．On closer examination it was found that the signature was not_________ (真正的)．
6．The new arrangement of the (家具) changed the atmosphere of the room.
7．Detectives carried out a (彻底的) search of the building.
selfish
genuine
furniture
thorough
8．All of a sudden, she heard a (吠叫声)coming from around the corner.
9．Try to make the hole in a (潮湿的) area to increase the water catcher's productivity.
10．Saturday afternoon is for (娱乐)and outings.
bark
damp
recreation
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He showed remarkable (endure) throughout his illness.
2．This man was not (qualify) to drive and was speeding.
3．You will need to complete three written (assign) per semester.
4．To our concern, some students are (abandon) to playing computer games.
endurance
qualified
assignments
abandoned
5．Do not leave behind any personal (belong) when getting off the bus.
6．For work and life, you need passion and (persevere)．
7．I want to travel abroad, but (fortunate), I don't have enough money.
belongings
perseverance
unfortunately
8．I sincerely hope you could offer your (guide) on our performance.
9．A career as an educator requires one hundred per cent_____________ (commit)．
10．Generally, students' inner (motivate) is essential to their development.
guidance
commitment
motivation
Ⅲ.选词填空
1． ! You can do better next time.
2．I don't think we'll ,but let's try anyway.
3．There's no reason whatsoever to this suggestion.
4．She waved bye to her mom and cheerfully towards the bus stop.
be enthusiastic about， turn down， deal with， give off， make it， set off， cheer up，make fire
Cheer up
make it
turn down
set off
5．There are a variety of flowers in the garden, which a nice smell.
6．Seeing that nobody it, we decided to cancel the trip.
7．They to cook food.Unfortunately, the food gave off an unbearable odour.
8．Teachers need to prepare their students to real-world situations outside the classroom.
give off
was enthusiastic about
make fire
deal with
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)从Youth发行以来，我一直读它。(现在完成进行时)
I Youth since it was published.
2．(完成句子)碰巧他告诉我不要依赖运气，而是要靠努力工作。
(it happened that)
,but on hard work.
have been reading
It happened that he told me not to depend on fortune
3．(完成句子)如果有机会，我一定会再参加一个语言交流活动。(条件句的虚拟语气)
If I ,I another language exchange.
4．(完成句子)This ordinary but great man in the medical field for over 50 years.
这个普通但又伟大的人一直在医学领域工作50多年了。
had an opportunity
should/would certainly take part in
has been working
5．(一句多译)(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)要是没有他的帮助，我的英语水平不会有很大的提高。
① ,my skills in English wouldn't have been greatly improved. (含蓄虚拟语气)
② ,my skills in English wouldn't have been greatly improved.(条件句的虚拟语气)
Without his aid
If it weren't for his aid
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
　(单句语法填空/同义替换)
①(2020·浙江高考)Perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my (enthusiastic) for the theater with others.
enthusiasm
②Moore is enthusiastic the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring.
③When I visited the village, the local people were very enthusiastic ______(tell) me a legend.
④As a journalist, I am interested in my challenging job.
→As a journalist, I my challenging job.(enthusiastic)
about
to tell
am enthusiastic about
系统归纳 (1)be/become enthusiastic about (doing) sth.　　
热衷于……；对(做)某事热心
be enthusiastic to do sth.　 热衷于做某事
(2)enthusiasm n．　　　　　热情；热心
have an/the enthusiasm to do sth.　　　有做某事的热情
2.assign vt.分派；布置；分配
　(单句语法填空/一句多译)
①The reporter was assigned (cover)international news.
②We believe the time and hard work involved in completing such an__________ (assign)are worthwhile.
to cover
assignment
③老师给每个孩子布置的作业都不相同。
→The teacher assigned .
→The teacher assigned .
a different task to each of the children
each of the children a different task
系统归纳 (1)assign sb. to do sth.　 安排/分配某人做某事
assign sth. to sb.＝assign sb. sth. 把某事安排给某人
be assigned to... 被指派；被分配给……
(2)assignment n. 分派；布置
微点提醒 assign后接双宾语，相同用法的还有：award sb.sth.＝award sth.to sb.；hand sb.sth.＝hand sth.to sb.；owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.；return sb.sth.＝return sth.to sb.等。
3．envy n．&vt.羡慕；妒忌
　(单句语法填空)
①I really envy you the opportunity to do so much traveling.
②You can never be happy if you feel (envy)of other people.
③His attitudes toward him were out envy.
for
envious
of
系统归纳 (1)envy sb.(for) sth.　 羡慕/妒忌某人有某物
(2)feel envy at ... 对……感到忌妒
out of envy 出于忌妒
with envy 妒忌(常作状语)
become/be the envy of ...　成为/是……妒忌或羡慕的对象
(3)envious adj. 忌妒的
be envious of 羡慕；忌妒
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
现在完成进行时
　(单句语法填空)
①Amy (think) about finding a new job for a whole year, but she hasn't made her final decision yet.
②Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she (study) English for a year.
has been thinking
has been studying
③The huge insects (fly) around my head in a black cloud for quite a while, which nearly drives me crazy.
④Lucy (have) guitar lessons every three weeks in the past three years, but now she is considering she'll make it every other week.
⑤The researchers (work) till midnight every day to find an effective cure since the outbreak of the disease.
⑥I (read)four books up to now this semester.
have been flying
has been having
have been working
have read
[谨记规则]
(1)现在完成进行时的构成：
have/has been＋动词的现在分词。
(2)基本用法：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直在进行的动作，这一动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止；现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论；有时也可表示在一段持续的时间内反复发生的事情。
(3)现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
①现在完成进行时表示一个正在进行的动作；而现在完成时则表示一个已经完成的动作。
②少数动词如work, study, live, teach, stay等， 用这两种时态含义差不多，只是在强调动作的持续性时，用现在完成进行时更多一些。　　
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
常见考法 (1)abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于……
abandon doing sth.　 放弃做某事
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地
(3)abandoned adj. 被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to 沉湎于……
升维考法 (1)abandon oneself to意思是“陷于某种情感或状态中”，介词to之后一般接表示某种感情或欲望的词作宾语。
(2)abandon用作名词时的意思是“放任；尽情；任意；放纵”，常用于介词短语with abandon中。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/句式升级)
①Please keep in mind that those who abandon (they) to despair can't succeed.
②The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms abandon.
③Wang collected more than 7 million (abandon) bricks of different ages.
themselves
with
abandoned
④They abandoned (carry) out the plan because of the lack of money.
⑤He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didn't pass the exam.
→ ,he didn't pass the exam.(现在分词短语作状语)
→ ,he didn't pass the exam.(过去分词短语作状语)
carrying
Abandoning himself to the Internet games
Abandoned to the Internet games
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空)
⑥The child was found (abandon) but unharmed.
⑦Don't abandon yourself despair.You still have chances.
abandoned
to
2．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)
常见考法 give in to sb.　　 向某人投降/屈服/让步
give out 耗尽；分发；用光；筋疲力尽
give up 放弃；认输
give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交
give away 泄露；赠送
升维考法 注意区分give off和give out的用法：
(1)give off 通常用来表示“散发，发出”某种气体或气味。
(2)give out通常用来表示“散发”某种光、声、热、信号等物理现象。此外，它还可以表示“分发，宣布，耗尽”等。
续表
?精练常见考法(用give的短语填空)
①She all her furniture when she went abroad.
②(2022· 新高考Ⅰ卷写作)I tried to persuade him that just being afraid of being laughed at was no reason to .
③When we were only a few miles from our destination the petrol .
gave away
give up
gave out
④He finally his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.
⑤The flowers are beautiful and a sweet fragrance, which attracts many visitors.
gave in to
give off
?细练升维考法(英译汉)
⑥Boiling water gives off steams.
⑦The leaves gave out a whirring sound.
开水散发出蒸汽。
树叶发出沙沙声。
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
　without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
(1)在without含蓄虚拟结构中，如果与过去事实相反的假设，则主句谓语动词用would/could/might＋have done；与现在事实相反的假设，则用would/could/might＋do。
(2)含蓄虚拟条件句还可以用but for, otherwise, or, but等词(词组)来引导。
(3)otherwise, or构成的含蓄虚拟语气模式为“真实情况＋otherwise/or＋虚拟情况”；而but构成的含蓄虚拟语气模式为“虚拟情况＋but＋真实情况”。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(完成句子/句型转换)
①Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
如果没有战时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。
②It is lucky we booked a room, or we nowhere to stay now.
幸运的是我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在就没有地方住了。
wouldn't have written
would have
③We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we________________ more places of interest yesterday.
我们在那个小村庄迷了路，否则昨天我们会参观更多的名胜。
④I would have failed in the examination if you hadn't helped me.
→I would have failed in the examination .
would have visited
without your help
⑤If my parents hadn't lent me the money, I couldn't have afforded the trip.
→My parents lent me the money. .
⑥If you hadn't just rescued him in time, the boy would have been drowned.
→ ,the boy would have been drowned.
Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip
But for your timely rescue
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
⑦如果没有他的帮助，我们不可能解决这个问题。
→ ,we couldn't have worked this problem out.(without)
→ ,we couldn't have worked this problem out.(条件句的虚拟语气)
⑧要不是这次经历，我就不会意识到我应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。
Without his help
If he hadn't helped us
But for this experience, I wouldn't have realized that I should spend more time with my family.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过将2到4岁的幼儿带入南加州大学的大脑发展实验室并对他们进行相关测试，得出了一个不同于以往观点的幼儿认知方面的新结论。
1．A.following 　　　　　 B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
答案：C　
解析：根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，世界各地的幼儿都喜欢玩捉迷藏游戏，由此可以推断此处表示的是，对于他们来说，避开别人的目光并让自己不被看到是非常令人兴奋的事情。
2．A.clever B．bad
C．scared D．quick
答案：B　
解析：根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies .”可知，学龄前的儿童应是不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。
3．A.exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
答案：A　
解析：根据上句可知，学龄前儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，所以此处表达的是，身体的其余部分暴露在外。expose意为“暴露”；examine意为“仔细检查”；untouched意为“不受影响的”；imbalanced意为“不平衡的”。
4．A.supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted
答案：D　
解析：根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’(自我中心的) creatures”可知，此处表示的是，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是一种完全的“以自我为中心的”生物的证据。support意为“支持”；guarantee意为“保证”；imagine意为“想象”；interpret意为“解释；说明；领会”。
5．A.disappointing B．mixed
C．surprising D．desired
答案：C　
解析：根据空前的“But”及最后一段中的“...it is not a result of egocentrism”可知，研究结果表示这并不是自我中心主义的结果，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。
6．A.explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
答案：C　
解析：文章在最后一段中说“我们的调研结果表明，当一个孩子通过在头上盖一条毯子来‘隐藏’时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果”，即这项实验的结果与先前的观点相矛盾。explain意为“解释”；confirm意为“证实”；contradict意为“相抵触；相矛盾；相反”；test意为“测试”。
7．A.parent B．child
C．researcher D．doctor
答案：B　
解析：根据空前一句可知，是2到4岁的儿童参加实验，所以此处表示的是，每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。
8．A.feet B．nose
C．hands D．ears
答案：D　
解析：根据下文中的“We then asked the child if she could or hear the adult.”可知，此处表示的是，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛和耳朵。空处与下文的hear相呼应。
9．A.see B．help
C．reach D．fool
答案：A　
解析：根据上文可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛和耳朵，所以此处是指，我们问孩子她是否能看到或听到该成年人。
10．A.event B．thing
C．action D．accident
答案：B　
解析：根据下文“when the adult covered her own mouth： children said that they couldn't to her”可知，此处表示的是，当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了。
11．A.Yet B．Now
C．Soon D．Once
答案：B　
解析：根据上下文语境可知，此处表示当这个成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话了。
12．A.speak B．listen
C．turn D．wave
答案：A　
解析：参见上题解析。
13．A.instructions B．descriptions
C．experiments D．assumptions
答案：C　
解析：根据上文可知，此处是指许多实验排除了孩子们误解自己被问到的问题(的可能)。instruction意为“指导”；description意为“描述”；experiment意为“实验”；assumption意为“假设”。
14．A.comprehended B．predicted
C．explored D．ignored
答案：A　
解析：句意：我们的年幼的受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。comprehend意为“理解”；predict意为“预测”；explore意为“探索”；ignore意为“忽略，忽视”。
15．A.partly B．honestly
C．vaguely D．exactly
答案：D　
解析：参见上题解析。partly意为“部分地”；honestly意为“诚实地”；vaguely意为“含糊地”；exactly意为“准确地；确切地”。
16．A.responses B．approaches
C．contribution D．sensitivity
答案：A　
解析：根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对问题的回答。response意为“回答”；approach意为“方法；接近”；contribution意为“贡献”；sensitivity意为“敏感性；悟性”。
17．A.ability B．belief
C．identity D．purpose
答案：B　
解析：根据空后的“I can see you only if you can see me, too”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。
18．A.hold back B．relate to
C．insist on D．make up
答案：C　
解析：根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们只是坚持相互的承认和尊重。hold back意为“抑制；阻止”；relate to意为“涉及；与……相关”；insist on意为“坚持”；make up意为“构成；编造”。
19．A.limitations B．requirements
C．theories D．findings
答案：D　
解析：根据上文我们让2到4岁的孩子参加实验可知，此处表示的是，我们的调研结果表明，当一个孩子通过在头上盖一条毯子来“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。limitation意为“限制”；requirement意为“要求”；theory意为“理论”；finding(常用复数)意为“调查发现；调研结果”。
20．A.tentative B．impressive
C．creative D．effective
答案：D　
解析：根据上文“They simply mutual (相互的) recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互的承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为这种方法是有效的。tentative意为“暂定的；不确定的”；impressive意为“给人印象深刻的；令人赞叹的”；creative意为“有创造力的”；effective意为“有效的”。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
行文逻辑题的思维建模(第5题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：顺句意 理解基本句意 但我们在儿童发展心理学方面的研究结果与那一观点相悖。
第二步：找依据 根据上下文逻辑关系找依据 上文说，在很长一段时间里，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是完全的“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。根据空前的“But”及其后内容可知，研究结果与人们一直以来的认知矛盾。故可推知，这项研究结果是令人惊讶的。
第三步：会辨析 辨析选项词汇意义，做出选择 disappointing“令人失望的”；mixed “混合的”；surprising“令人惊讶的”； desired“渴望的”。故选C。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)The results were clear: Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them._________
②(一词多义)Their responses to the questions reflected their true belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.”_____
③(一词多义)Our findings suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. _____
实验对象
反映
表明
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①hide and seek　　　　　　 _______
②be bad at _______
③result in _____
④a number of _____
捉迷藏
不擅长
导致
许多
⑤rule out _____________
⑥response to __________________
⑦insist on _____
⑧in fact _______
排除；不考虑
对……的回答/反应
坚持
事实上
三、寻结构破长句
1．A number of experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.
抓标志：连接词__________
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：许多实验排除了 。
that; what
孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题
2．Our findings suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.
抓标志：从属连词______
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个时间状语从句)
试翻译：我们的研究结果表明， ，
这不是自我中心主义的结果。
when
当一个孩子把毯子盖在头上“隐藏”时
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies exposed.
赏析：句中现在分词短语leaving the rest of their bodies exposed作状语，表伴随，描述了孩子们捉迷藏时只是捂住眼睛而不顾身体的其他部分这一情景。句式工整，语言精练。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①Some young kids creatively put on a performance in the yard, _______ (fill) the nursing home with joy and laughter.
② (originate) from China, Chinese tea has been enjoying a long history and popularity all over the world.　　
filling
Originating
2.(赏用词之美)However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably bad at hiding.
赏析：用副词remarkably(显著地)修饰形容词短语be bad at(不擅长)，形象地描述了学前孩子们喜欢捉迷藏又憨态可掬的样子；而我们都曾目睹(witness)过这种情形。用词形象、生动，表意清晰。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①The car is in (remarkable) good condition for its age.
②“It's because I can't bear ,”he said.
他说，“那是因为我不能忍受不擅长一些事情。”　
remarkably
being bad at things
3.(赏意境之美)For them, there's something highly exciting about escaping someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
赏析：对孩子们来说，逃离别人的目光，让自己消失是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。字里行间流露着孩子们的天真无邪。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
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