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UNIT 4 主题训练 自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·德阳二模)After being attacked by Hurricane Ida's 150 mph winds and torrential rains, hundreds of thousands of Gulf Coast residents were left without power and fresh water this week as a 100-degree heat wave settled over the region.Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane, ripping off roofs, knocking out transmission lines, flooding roads, and reducing some brick buildings in downtown New Orleans to rubble.At least eight people died in the storm and the_toll is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.
One of the most powerful hurricanes to ever hit the US mainland, Ida brought a 5 to 12-foot storm surge that covered low-lying communities in southeastern Louisiana.Grand Isle is now “uninhabitable，” said Parish President Cynthia Lee Sheng, with 3 feet of sand covering the entire barrier island and 40 percent of the buildings completely destroyed.
The storm caused a citywide blackout in New Orleans, but a Hurricane Katrina-level disaster was avoided there, thanks in part to the D|S14.5 billion spent on new levees, seawalls, and pumps after the 2005 storm.Experts are warning that Ida could worsen the Covid crisis in the Gulf Coast, as residents crowd together in homes and emergency shelters without immediate access to testing or medical care.ICUs in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama hospitals were already near capacity before the storm hit.Nearly 1 million people are still without power across Louisiana, and authorities waned it could be weeks before electricity is restored.“If you have already evacuated，” said Gov.John Bel Edwards, “do not return here.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了飓风艾达给墨西哥湾沿岸居民造成的破坏，以及人们灾后重建的情况。
1．Which of the following best describes Hurricane Ida
A．Mild. B．Destructive.
C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane ... as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.”可推知，飓风艾达极具破坏性。故选B。
2．What do the underlined words “the toll” mean in Paragraph 1
A．The death number. B．The heat wave.
C．The wind speed. D．The citywide blackout.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“At least eight people died in the storm”以及后文“is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses”可知，至少有8人在风暴中死亡，且随着紧急救援人员搜索被毁的房屋和企业，预计死亡人数还会上升。画线词意思是“死亡人数”。故选A。
3．What is one of the reasons for Grand Isle to be uninhabitable
A．The entire island is covered with sand.
B．It is one of the low-lying communities.
C．The residents there can't wait to leave.
D．Over half of its buildings were in ruins.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Grand Isle is now ‘uninhabitable，’ said Parish President Cynthia ... completely destroyed.”可知，这个地方不适合居住的原因之一是整个岛被沙子覆盖了。故选A。
4．What can be inferred about the attitude of Gov.John Bel Edwards towards the prospect of Louisiana
A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.
C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘If you have already evacuated，’ said Gov.John Bel Edwards，‘do not return here.’”可推知，John Bel Edwards州长对路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的态度。故选D。
B
(2023·石家庄模拟)The moment the ground stops shaking after an earthquake, some people may wonder whether their pets — or wild animals for that matter — knew the disaster was coming.
To get to the bottom of this question, Heiko Woith, a scientist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences, and his colleagues evaluated more than 700 published reports of unusual behavior among 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dogs and cattle from 160 earthquakes.The records included all kinds of behaviors, including a tiger that reportedly got depressed before an earthquake.
The researchers found that 90 percent of all reported cases happened within 62 miles of the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days of an earthquake.Then, they examined when and where foreshocks had happened in the region and concluded that it was hard to say these animals could predict the earthquake itself.They were just responding to foreshocks.
“The space-time pattern of animal precursors (预兆) and foreshocks is strikingly similar，” Woith said.“From this, we concluded that the abnormal animal behavior might simply be related to foreshocks.These animals are just responding to foreshocks rather than predicting the earthquake.They don't have super power.”
Despite the vast number of incidences, good information was little and scientific evidence is lacking.“A major surprise for us was that the large majority of the published claims were built on poor observational data, which did not stand as statistical scientific proof，” Woith said.
To better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, Woith and his colleagues suggested that researchers ask a number of yes-or-no questions in any upcoming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and monitoring procedure clearly described and reproducible？” and “Is it proven that the animal behavior is really unusual？”
Meanwhile, humans are working on technologies that can detect earthquakes seconds before they hit.Hopefully, we will have such devices to warn people that the earthquake is coming.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。
5．How did Woith conduct the study
A．By analyzing former reports.
B．By observing animals' behavior.
C．By collecting data in the earthquake.
D．By comparing animals' different responses.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Woith评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。
6．What is Woith's new finding
A．Tigers become depressed easily.
B．Certain animals have super power.
C．Some animals can react to foreshocks.
D．Animals in the same area act similarly.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段中“From ... the earthquake.They don't have super power.”可知，并没有足够的证据说明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C项。
7．What surprised the scientists in the study
A．All reported cases took place in the same area.
B．There were too many reports about foreshocks.
C．Some animals act strangely before earthquakes.
D．The previous reports lack accurate data support.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“A major surprise ... scientific proof”可知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作为科学证据。故选D项。
8．What is mainly talked about in the passage
A．How animals behave in earthquakes.
B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.
C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.
D．Why people study animals' behavior in earthquakes.
解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章在讨论动物是否具有预测地震的超能力。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·日照三模)During a period of two months, the east coast of Florida was hit by three major hurricanes!
When we __9__ on the morning of September 5, my husband and I stood on the balcony (阳台) and watched the still-powerful winds break huge trees.__10__， in the midst of these destructive winds, we spotted a flash of color in our __11__.No more than ten feet from where we stood, a hummingbird (蜂鸟) __12__ and flew in front of us.
This was the first time that we had ever __13__ a hummingbird in our yard — or in Florida! Because they are rare, the __14__ of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a __15__ in itself.
Although I had been trying to plant all the right plants to __16__ them, it took a hurricane for me to __17__ attract them to my yard and to really observe them closely.Almost every day since the hurricanes, I have had the __18__ of observing the visiting hummingbirds.With a feeder right outside my office window, I get a daily bird's __19__.
The hurricane season affected me in a very __20__ way.Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am __21__ of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination.But perhaps the greatest __22__ is that wonders are out there waiting to pay us a visit.We just need to keep __23__ seeds of beauty and faith, and we need to keep an eye out for the wonders!
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者一直在自家院子里试图种植所有合适的植物来吸引当地罕见的蜂鸟，终于在一次飓风来袭后，蜂鸟出现了。蜂鸟的到来带给作者“美丽、力量和决心的启示”，但是，最大的启示是：奇迹就在那里等待着来拜访我们。
9．A.woke up B．stood up
C．looked up D．turned up
解析：选A 根据时间“on the morning of September 5”，可知，此处指早上醒来，woke up符合语境。
10．A.Generally B．Gradually
C．Normally D．Suddenly
解析：选D 根据下文“No more than ten feet from where we stood, a hummingbird (蜂鸟)________and flew in front of us.”可知，飓风天气看见一只蜂鸟，很是突然(Suddenly)。
11．A.garden B．room
C．balcony D．office
解析：选A 根据语境，作者早上醒来后，站在阳台上看外面飓风肆虐，这时飞来一只蜂鸟，出现在阳台外的花园，garden符合语境。
12．A.dropped B．appeared
C．remained D．landed
解析：选B 根据上文“we spotted a flash of color in our ________.”及下文“and flew in front of us”可知，飓风中，花园里此时出现一只蜂鸟。appeared符合语境。
13．A.heard B．drawn
C．seen D．caught
解析：选C 根据下文“Because they are rare, the ________ of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a ________ in itself.”可知，蜂鸟在佛罗里达州实属罕见，seen符合语境。
14．A.color B．name
C．shape D．sight
解析：选D 根据上文“This was the first time that we had ever ________a hummingbird in our yard — or in Florida！”可知，作者第一次在佛罗里达州，而且是自家院子里看见了蜂鸟，sight符合语境。
15．A.symbol B．concept
C．belief D．wonder
解析：选D 根据本句中的rare可知，蜂鸟在这里很罕见，所以看见蜂鸟是个奇迹(wonder)。
16．A.attract B．feed
C．drive D．impress
解析：选A 根据后半句“it took a hurricane for me to ________ attract them to my yard”可知，作者以前也试图“吸引”蜂鸟到院子里来，attract符合语境。
17．A.formally B．finally
C．regularly D．constantly
解析：选B 根据语境，作者的院子里有各种适合蜂鸟食用的植物，在飓风之后，总算派上了用场，吸引蜂鸟来觅食。finally符合语境。
18．A.task B．joy
C．hope D．plan
解析：选B 根据上文“Because they are rare, the ________of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a ________ in itself.”可知，每天都能看见罕见的蜂鸟，给作者带来了喜悦(joy)。
19．A.track B．mind
C．view D．shadow
解析：选C 根据语境，作者每天可以看见蜂鸟在窗外觅食的风景，view符合语境。
20．A.common B．casual
C．strange D．positive
解析：选D 根据下文“Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am ________ of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination.”可知，蜂鸟的到来使作者想到了美丽、力量和决心这些积极向上的(positive)东西。
21．A.informed B．warned
C．reminded D．cured
解析：选C 根据上文“The hurricane season affected me in a very ________way.”可知，飓风季节到来的蜂鸟，使作者想到一些美好的东西。remind sb. of sth.，意为“使某人想起某事，提醒某人某事”。
22．A.message B．hobby
C．subject D．chance
解析：选A 根据上文“Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am ________ of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination.”可知，蜂鸟的到来带给作者“美丽、力量和决心的启示”，但是，最大的启示是：奇迹正在外面等着拜访我们。message为原词复现。
23．A.buying B．changing
C．receiving D．planting
解析：选D 根据上文“Although I had been trying to plant all the right plants to ________ them, it took a hurricane for me to ________ attract them to my yard and to really observe them closely.”可知，我们仅仅需要坚持种植美和信仰的种子。
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①dangerous □ ②disappearance □
③endangered □ ④existence □
⑤natural □ ⑥shortage □
⑦smelly □ ⑧surrounding □
⑨violence □ balanced □
consumption □ creature □
decline □ deliberately □
extinct □ condition □
dusty □ forecast □
severe □ stormy □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
existence， shortage， smelly， stormy， decline， extinct， condition， forecast， creature，consumption
1．Some species become extinct because of people's ignorance.
2．Unfortunately, the number of the species in this area is on the decline.
3．They face a desperate shortage of clean water.
4．Increasingly stormy weather and rises in the sea level could cause massive flooding.
5．Public worries that accidents are threatening the very existence of the nuclear power industry.
6．The room had been closed for many years, so it was smelly.
7．It is an urgent affair to protect fresh-water living creature resources effectively.
8．A smart watch can forecast its users' potential illness by recording their essential data.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There is a long list of animals whose disappearance (disappear) can be blamed squarely on human actions.
2．With exhaust emissions growing fast and the environment severely (severe) polluted, rubbish classification is the most effective solution to the problem.
3．Animals are the friends of mankind and an important part of the natural (nature) ecosystem.
4．Those who destroy the environment deliberately (deliberate) should be punished.
5．Standing in the watchtower, we admired the surrounding (surround) scenes.
6．The list of endangered (endanger) species includes nearly 600 fishes.
7．It was a dangerous (danger) journey through thickening fog.
8．Towards noon, dark clouds began to bank up and soon a violent (violence) storm broke out.
9．There's a strong wind outside, and it's so dusty (dust)．
10．I ate a healthy, balanced (balance) diet, instead of being free to enjoy junk food.8 / 8
UNIT 4 主题训练 自然灾害与防范，安全常识与自我保护
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·德阳二模)After being attacked by Hurricane Ida's 150 mph winds and torrential rains, hundreds of thousands of Gulf Coast residents were left without power and fresh water this week as a 100-degree heat wave settled over the region.Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane, ripping off roofs, knocking out transmission lines, flooding roads, and reducing some brick buildings in downtown New Orleans to rubble.At least eight people died in the storm and the_toll is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.
One of the most powerful hurricanes to ever hit the US mainland, Ida brought a 5 to 12-foot storm surge that covered low-lying communities in southeastern Louisiana.Grand Isle is now “uninhabitable，” said Parish President Cynthia Lee Sheng, with 3 feet of sand covering the entire barrier island and 40 percent of the buildings completely destroyed.
The storm caused a citywide blackout in New Orleans, but a Hurricane Katrina-level disaster was avoided there, thanks in part to the D|S14.5 billion spent on new levees, seawalls, and pumps after the 2005 storm.Experts are warning that Ida could worsen the Covid crisis in the Gulf Coast, as residents crowd together in homes and emergency shelters without immediate access to testing or medical care.ICUs in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama hospitals were already near capacity before the storm hit.Nearly 1 million people are still without power across Louisiana, and authorities waned it could be weeks before electricity is restored.“If you have already evacuated，” said Gov.John Bel Edwards, “do not return here.”
1．Which of the following best describes Hurricane Ida
A．Mild. B．Destructive.
C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.
2．What do the underlined words “the toll” mean in Paragraph 1
A．The death number. B．The heat wave.
C．The wind speed. D．The citywide blackout.
3．What is one of the reasons for Grand Isle to be uninhabitable
A．The entire island is covered with sand.
B．It is one of the low-lying communities.
C．The residents there can't wait to leave.
D．Over half of its buildings were in ruins.
4．What can be inferred about the attitude of Gov.John Bel Edwards towards the prospect of Louisiana
A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.
C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.
B
(2023·石家庄模拟)The moment the ground stops shaking after an earthquake, some people may wonder whether their pets — or wild animals for that matter — knew the disaster was coming.
To get to the bottom of this question, Heiko Woith, a scientist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences, and his colleagues evaluated more than 700 published reports of unusual behavior among 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dogs and cattle from 160 earthquakes.The records included all kinds of behaviors, including a tiger that reportedly got depressed before an earthquake.
The researchers found that 90 percent of all reported cases happened within 62 miles of the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days of an earthquake.Then, they examined when and where foreshocks had happened in the region and concluded that it was hard to say these animals could predict the earthquake itself.They were just responding to foreshocks.
“The space-time pattern of animal precursors (预兆) and foreshocks is strikingly similar，” Woith said.“From this, we concluded that the abnormal animal behavior might simply be related to foreshocks.These animals are just responding to foreshocks rather than predicting the earthquake.They don't have super power.”
Despite the vast number of incidences, good information was little and scientific evidence is lacking.“A major surprise for us was that the large majority of the published claims were built on poor observational data, which did not stand as statistical scientific proof，” Woith said.
To better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, Woith and his colleagues suggested that researchers ask a number of yes-or-no questions in any upcoming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and monitoring procedure clearly described and reproducible？” and “Is it proven that the animal behavior is really unusual？”
Meanwhile, humans are working on technologies that can detect earthquakes seconds before they hit.Hopefully, we will have such devices to warn people that the earthquake is coming.
5．How did Woith conduct the study
A．By analyzing former reports.
B．By observing animals' behavior.
C．By collecting data in the earthquake.
D．By comparing animals' different responses.
6．What is Woith's new finding
A．Tigers become depressed easily.
B．Certain animals have super power.
C．Some animals can react to foreshocks.
D．Animals in the same area act similarly.
7．What surprised the scientists in the study
A．All reported cases took place in the same area.
B．There were too many reports about foreshocks.
C．Some animals act strangely before earthquakes.
D．The previous reports lack accurate data support.
8．What is mainly talked about in the passage
A．How animals behave in earthquakes.
B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.
C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.
D．Why people study animals' behavior in earthquakes.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·日照三模)During a period of two months, the east coast of Florida was hit by three major hurricanes!
When we __9__ on the morning of September 5, my husband and I stood on the balcony (阳台) and watched the still-powerful winds break huge trees.__10__， in the midst of these destructive winds, we spotted a flash of color in our __11__.No more than ten feet from where we stood, a hummingbird (蜂鸟) __12__ and flew in front of us.
This was the first time that we had ever __13__ a hummingbird in our yard — or in Florida! Because they are rare, the __14__ of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a __15__ in itself.
Although I had been trying to plant all the right plants to __16__ them, it took a hurricane for me to __17__ attract them to my yard and to really observe them closely.Almost every day since the hurricanes, I have had the __18__ of observing the visiting hummingbirds.With a feeder right outside my office window, I get a daily bird's __19__.
The hurricane season affected me in a very __20__ way.Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am __21__ of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination.But perhaps the greatest __22__ is that wonders are out there waiting to pay us a visit.We just need to keep __23__ seeds of beauty and faith, and we need to keep an eye out for the wonders!
9．A.woke up B．stood up
C．looked up D．turned up
10．A.Generally B．Gradually
C．Normally D．Suddenly
11．A.garden B．room
C．balcony D．office
12．A.dropped B．appeared
C．remained D．landed
13．A.heard B．drawn
C．seen D．caught
14．A.color B．name
C．shape D．sight
15．A.symbol B．concept
C．belief D．wonder
16．A.attract B．feed
C．drive D．impress
17．A.formally B．finally
C．regularly D．constantly
18．A.task B．joy
C．hope D．plan
19．A.track B．mind
C．view D．shadow
20．A.common B．casual
C．strange D．positive
21．A.informed B．warned
C．reminded D．cured
22．A.message B．hobby
C．subject D．chance
23．A.buying B．changing
C．receiving D．planting
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①dangerous □ ②disappearance □
③endangered □ ④existence □
⑤natural □ ⑥shortage □
⑦smelly □ ⑧surrounding □
⑨violence □ balanced □
consumption □ creature □
decline □ deliberately □
extinct □ condition □
dusty □ forecast □
severe □ stormy □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
existence， shortage， smelly， stormy， decline， extinct， condition， forecast， creature，consumption
1．Some species become ______ because of people's ignorance.
2．Unfortunately, the number of the species in this area is on the ______.
3．They face a desperate ______ of clean water.
4．Increasingly ______ weather and rises in the sea level could cause massive flooding.
5．Public worries that accidents are threatening the very ______ of the nuclear power industry.
6．The room had been closed for many years, so it was ______.
7．It is an urgent affair to protect fresh-water living ______ resources effectively.
8．A smart watch can ______ its users' potential illness by recording their essential data.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．There is a long list of animals whose ______ (disappear) can be blamed squarely on human actions.
2．With exhaust emissions growing fast and the environment ______ (severe) polluted, rubbish classification is the most effective solution to the problem.
3．Animals are the friends of mankind and an important part of the ______ (nature) ecosystem.
4．Those who destroy the environment ______ (deliberate) should be punished.
5．Standing in the watchtower, we admired the ______ (surround) scenes.
6．The list of ______ (endanger) species includes nearly 600 fishes.
7．It was a ______ (danger) journey through thickening fog.
8．Towards noon, dark clouds began to bank up and soon a ______ (violence) storm broke out.
9．There's a strong wind outside, and it's so ______ (dust)．
10．I ate a healthy, ______ (balance) diet, instead of being free to enjoy junk food.
