5 / 7
UNIT 5 主题训练 语言学习的规律、方法等
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·吉林省三模)His interest in Chinese language and characters dates from 1972, when Richard Sears was a 22-year-old physics major at Portland State University in Oregon.To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes (笔画) and almost no apparent logic.But when he could get an explanation of a Chinese character's original meaning and an interpretation of its pictographs (象形文字), it would suddenly become apparent how all the strokes had come to be.“I'm a physicist, so I don't like blind memorization.I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs and I wanted to know the stories behind the Chinese characters.”
As he studied, Sears found that many of the explanations were conflicting and even the experts were_at_odds.He decided to computerize the characters so that he could separate good opinions from bad ones.He scanned about 96,000 ancient characters and established the database of them.
In 2002 he got his website up and named it Chinese Etymology, where visitors can check for free the development of Chinese characters in various forms, from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms.The clicks to the website went up to 600,000 in one day.Overnight he became American Uncle Hanzi, a nickname (绰号) given by Chinese netizens.
Besides, he has explained the origin of 15,000 modern characters.For example, the character jia (home) has a rooftop and a pig underneath.In southern China where it rains a lot, people put their houses on stilts (木桩), so if it flooded, the inside of the house would not get wet.So, the pigs live underneath the house.
Last year, Sears set up his studio in Nanjing that focuses on applying AR, animation (动画) and artificial intelligence to tell stories of Chinese culture and character origins.He has made over 60 such videos in English with Chinese subtitles for Bilibili, a video website.“They have both entertainment and educational value，” he says.
In the meantime, Sears has been updating the database.“My philosophy is huo dao lao xue dao lao.”
语篇解读：本文为记叙文，讲述了一位美国人痴迷中国汉字，他建立了古汉字数据库，创立了汉语词源网站，阐释了15 000个现代汉字的起源，创办工作室录制中国文化和汉字词源故事的视频。中国的网友们亲切地称呼他为“美国汉字大叔”。
1．According to Paragraph 1, why did Sears want to know the stories behind the Chinese characters
A．To make his life in China much easier.
B．To become an expert at Chinese characters.
C．To solve some related problems in physics.
D．To memorize Chinese characters more easily.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“I'm a physicist, so I don't ... behind the Chinese characters.”可知，作为物理学家，他不喜欢盲目记忆，他知道汉字来自于象形文字，所以他想了解汉字背后的故事。因此，他是为了更容易地记忆汉字，才专门去了解它们背后的故事的。故选D。
2．What does the underlined part “were at odds” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Held different views.
B．Showed no interest.
C．Had no doubt at all.
D．Were under attack.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词所在句中的“and”可知，“conflicting” (冲突的，相矛盾的)与“at odds”构成并列关系，由此推知，画线词的意思是“持有不同的观点”。故选A。
3．What did Sears do to tell the stories behind the Chinese characters
A．He established a database for all the ancient Chinese characters.
B．He built a website about the development of Chinese characters' forms.
C．He illustrated the structures of 15,000 modern Chinese characters.
D．He set up a studio to make videos about the stories of Chinese history.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“In 2002 he got his website up and named it Chinese Etymology, where visitors can check for free the development of Chinese characters in various forms”可知，他创办的Chinese Etymology网站可以供访客免费查阅汉字发展的各种不同形式，因此这个网站是关于汉字的各种发展形式的。故选B。
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Chinese characters catching the world's wide attention.
B．A Chinese character website established by an American.
C．American Uncle Hanzi devoted to Chinese characters.
D．The secret to language learning — long-lasting interest.
解析：选C 主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文主要讲述了一位致力于汉字研究的美国汉字大叔的故事。故选C。
B
Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful.I still remember looking at Chinese and not understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strong attraction.In fact, some students start learning Chinese because of the characters.After having studied Chinese for a while, I realised that handwriting in Chinese takes a very long time to learn.
Living as we do in a digital era with smartphones and computers, most students sooner or later ask themselves this question: Is it really necessary to learn how to write by hand in Chinese When using smartphones or computers, we can use phonetic input systems, which choose the characters we want for us as long as we can remember how they are pronounced.Since we enter different characters, we seldom need to be able to recognise the difference between individual characters in detail; the computer makes the right choices for us.Do we really need to write Chinese by hand at all
I think most people agree that you should learn to write at least some characters at some point as a student of Chinese, although not necessarily straight away and not necessarily all the characters that you can say.But unless you don't care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting.Without it, it will be very hard to understand characters.You don't need to be a calligraphy master, but you do need basic handwriting skills to do this.Simply looking at things is, as usual, a bad way of learning.
I think learning the most common 500 characters or so is a good idea for all students.If you actually want to write by hand, extend that to 1,000.Then learn to handwrite characters outside of the 1,000 most common on a need-to-know basis.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。我们生活在一个拥有智能手机和电脑的数字时代，学习中文手写真的有必要吗？作者给出了自己的答案。
5．What does the author think of Chinese characters
A．They are less communicative than English words.
B．They attract some foreigners to learn Chinese.
C．They show the greatness of Chinese culture.
D．They are not really that difficult.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In fact, some students start learning Chinese because of the characters.”可知，汉字吸引一些外国人学习中文。故选B。
6．What can we infer about characters in Paragraph 2
A．Characters are very difficult for foreigners to learn.
B．People believe learning to write characters is important.
C．Characters may disappear with the development of society.
D．People doubt the necessity of learning to write characters.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Living ...in Chinese？”可知，人们怀疑学习写汉字的必要性。故选D。
7．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Understanding characters.
B．Being a calligraphy master.
C．Keeping a good learning habit.
D．Learning basic handwriting skills.
解析：选A 代词指代题。根据第三段中“But unless ... to do this.”可知，画线词this指代上文中的“理解汉字”。故选A。
8．What is the author's attitude to learning to write characters in the digital age
A．Worried. B．Uncaring.
C．Supportive. D．Surprised.
解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“But unless ...characters.”可知，作者认为学习汉字是有必要的，故作者持支持态度。故选C。
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lily worked busily on her spelling test. Mr Federer sat at the desk, ensuring every student was taking the test on his own. Her palms sweating, her heart racing, Lily double-checked the words on her paper. Should her words be all correct, she would win the competition and plus a brand new tennis racket (球拍)．
Two more words to go. L-o-v-e-l-y. D-r-y-l-y. H-o-n-e-s-t-y. Wait! She'd spelled honesty, not honestly. With her hand trembling, she wrote the correct form of “honest”. Then she handed in the paper with brimming confidence.
The next day, Mr Federer marched into the classroom, stack of papers in hand. Seeing this, Lily sat restlessly in her seat with her fingers crossed. She felt her heart would bounce out of her mouth. Mr Federer planted himself in the front of the classroom, cleared his throat and announced: “Way to go, Lily! You made it！” Amid loud bursts of applause, Mr Federer presented Lily with the prize. Holding the box containing the tennis racket, Lily was walking on air.
When school was dismissed, Lily hurried home, dying to tell her mother the good news. “What's up？” Mom sensed something unusual and asked after Lily seated herself. “Mom, guess what! I won the spelling test！” Lily said proudly. Mom hugged her, asking her to show the test paper to Dad when he got home. Instinctively, Lily took another look at the test paper, but was horrified to find “H-o-n-e-s-l-y”. She suddenly felt dizzy and her face was burning.
Mom smelled a rat and asked what was wrong. “I am just ... too excited，” Lily stammered, hastily stuffing the test paper into her backpack. Mom brought her some tea. Yes, a “t” was exactly what she needed.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1:
About one hour later, Dad came home.
Paragraph 2：
The next morning, Lily went to school earlier than usual.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1:
About one hour later, Dad came home. Hardly had he put down the briefcase when Mom eagerly announced the good news. Hearing this, Dad walked to Lily's room, great delight sparkling in his eyes. “I am so proud of you, girl！” Dad said, giving a gentle pat on her back. But Lily didn't dare to meet her father's gaze. Guilt swallowed her. Finally, summoning up her courage, Lily said in a low voice: “I don't deserve the prize. I misspelled ‘honestly’．” Then tears streamed down. Seeing this, her father uttered that honesty matters more than prize. He suggested Lily should tell the teacher the truth.
Paragraph 2：
The next morning, Lily went to school earlier than usual. She made her way to Mr Federer's office. When he saw Lily, a surprised look crossed his face, for Lily came to school extra early today. But instantly he knew with his experience that Lily had a story to tell. “I can't keep these. I spelled ‘honestly’ wrong and you didn't catch it，” Lily said clearly, giving Mr Federer the spelling paper and the tennis racket. For a moment, Mr Federer just stood rooted to the ground. Then picking up his pen, he crossed out “perfect” and wrote “honest” on the paper. “Please keep the tennis racket. But for honesty.”
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①culture □ ②discuss □
③fault □ ④focus □
⑤grammar □ ⑥explanation □
⑦express □ ⑧failure □
⑨fluent □ gradually □
wonderful □ accurate □
difference □ difficulty □
effective □ master □
phrase □ practise □
recite □ topic □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
fault， grammar， focus， fluent， master， recite， topic， difference， wonderful， phrase
1．The composition is excellent except for some grammar mistakes.
2．I am fluent in both Chinese and English, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings.
3．The girl has a sharp tongue and tends to find fault with me.
4．What I'm going to do in this lecture is focus on something very specific.
5．The theme of the speech contest is “differences between eastern and western customs”．
6．Students are expected to master a second language.
7．He recited the whole poem without making a single slip.
8．On the way to the downtown area of Lhasa, I was thinking of three phrases,_bright sunshine, azure (蔚蓝的) sky and blue water.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Role-play allows students to practise speaking (speak) English in a safe situation.
2．Whether the traditional English teaching method is still effective is a topic under heated discussion (discuss)．
3．She often expresses (express) herself using English so that her English has improved.
4．Many children can't function effectively (effective) in large classes.
5．The teacher gave an accessible explanation (explain) concerning the answer to the math problem.
6．It is of first importance to spread cultural (culture) and scientific knowledge among the people.
7．With the boy leading the way, we had no difficulty (difficult) finding his home.
8．You helped me correct grammar mistakes, which is of vital importance for conveying my ideas accurately (accurate)．
9．The book starts slowly, but it gradually (gradual) draws you in.
10．Facing failure (fail), you shouldn't feel sad and lose heart.5 / 7
UNIT 5 主题训练 语言学习的规律、方法等
一、主题下的语篇训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·吉林省三模)His interest in Chinese language and characters dates from 1972, when Richard Sears was a 22-year-old physics major at Portland State University in Oregon.To Sears, the characters were complex with many strokes (笔画) and almost no apparent logic.But when he could get an explanation of a Chinese character's original meaning and an interpretation of its pictographs (象形文字), it would suddenly become apparent how all the strokes had come to be.“I'm a physicist, so I don't like blind memorization.I knew that Chinese characters came from pictographs and I wanted to know the stories behind the Chinese characters.”
As he studied, Sears found that many of the explanations were conflicting and even the experts were_at_odds.He decided to computerize the characters so that he could separate good opinions from bad ones.He scanned about 96,000 ancient characters and established the database of them.
In 2002 he got his website up and named it Chinese Etymology, where visitors can check for free the development of Chinese characters in various forms, from the original pictographs to the modern simplified forms.The clicks to the website went up to 600,000 in one day.Overnight he became American Uncle Hanzi, a nickname (绰号) given by Chinese netizens.
Besides, he has explained the origin of 15,000 modern characters.For example, the character jia (home) has a rooftop and a pig underneath.In southern China where it rains a lot, people put their houses on stilts (木桩), so if it flooded, the inside of the house would not get wet.So, the pigs live underneath the house.
Last year, Sears set up his studio in Nanjing that focuses on applying AR, animation (动画) and artificial intelligence to tell stories of Chinese culture and character origins.He has made over 60 such videos in English with Chinese subtitles for Bilibili, a video website.“They have both entertainment and educational value，” he says.
In the meantime, Sears has been updating the database.“My philosophy is huo dao lao xue dao lao.”
1．According to Paragraph 1, why did Sears want to know the stories behind the Chinese characters
A．To make his life in China much easier.
B．To become an expert at Chinese characters.
C．To solve some related problems in physics.
D．To memorize Chinese characters more easily.
2．What does the underlined part “were at odds” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Held different views.
B．Showed no interest.
C．Had no doubt at all.
D．Were under attack.
3．What did Sears do to tell the stories behind the Chinese characters
A．He established a database for all the ancient Chinese characters.
B．He built a website about the development of Chinese characters' forms.
C．He illustrated the structures of 15,000 modern Chinese characters.
D．He set up a studio to make videos about the stories of Chinese history.
4．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Chinese characters catching the world's wide attention.
B．A Chinese character website established by an American.
C．American Uncle Hanzi devoted to Chinese characters.
D．The secret to language learning — long-lasting interest.
B
Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful.I still remember looking at Chinese and not understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strong attraction.In fact, some students start learning Chinese because of the characters.After having studied Chinese for a while, I realised that handwriting in Chinese takes a very long time to learn.
Living as we do in a digital era with smartphones and computers, most students sooner or later ask themselves this question: Is it really necessary to learn how to write by hand in Chinese When using smartphones or computers, we can use phonetic input systems, which choose the characters we want for us as long as we can remember how they are pronounced.Since we enter different characters, we seldom need to be able to recognise the difference between individual characters in detail; the computer makes the right choices for us.Do we really need to write Chinese by hand at all
I think most people agree that you should learn to write at least some characters at some point as a student of Chinese, although not necessarily straight away and not necessarily all the characters that you can say.But unless you don't care about written language at all, you should learn the basics of handwriting.Without it, it will be very hard to understand characters.You don't need to be a calligraphy master, but you do need basic handwriting skills to do this.Simply looking at things is, as usual, a bad way of learning.
I think learning the most common 500 characters or so is a good idea for all students.If you actually want to write by hand, extend that to 1,000.Then learn to handwrite characters outside of the 1,000 most common on a need-to-know basis.
5．What does the author think of Chinese characters
A．They are less communicative than English words.
B．They attract some foreigners to learn Chinese.
C．They show the greatness of Chinese culture.
D．They are not really that difficult.
6．What can we infer about characters in Paragraph 2
A．Characters are very difficult for foreigners to learn.
B．People believe learning to write characters is important.
C．Characters may disappear with the development of society.
D．People doubt the necessity of learning to write characters.
7．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Understanding characters.
B．Being a calligraphy master.
C．Keeping a good learning habit.
D．Learning basic handwriting skills.
8．What is the author's attitude to learning to write characters in the digital age
A．Worried. B．Uncaring.
C．Supportive. D．Surprised.
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Lily worked busily on her spelling test. Mr Federer sat at the desk, ensuring every student was taking the test on his own. Her palms sweating, her heart racing, Lily double-checked the words on her paper. Should her words be all correct, she would win the competition and plus a brand new tennis racket (球拍)．
Two more words to go. L-o-v-e-l-y. D-r-y-l-y. H-o-n-e-s-t-y. Wait! She'd spelled honesty, not honestly. With her hand trembling, she wrote the correct form of “honest”. Then she handed in the paper with brimming confidence.
The next day, Mr Federer marched into the classroom, stack of papers in hand. Seeing this, Lily sat restlessly in her seat with her fingers crossed. She felt her heart would bounce out of her mouth. Mr Federer planted himself in the front of the classroom, cleared his throat and announced: “Way to go, Lily! You made it！” Amid loud bursts of applause, Mr Federer presented Lily with the prize. Holding the box containing the tennis racket, Lily was walking on air.
When school was dismissed, Lily hurried home, dying to tell her mother the good news. “What's up？” Mom sensed something unusual and asked after Lily seated herself. “Mom, guess what! I won the spelling test！” Lily said proudly. Mom hugged her, asking her to show the test paper to Dad when he got home. Instinctively, Lily took another look at the test paper, but was horrified to find “H-o-n-e-s-l-y”. She suddenly felt dizzy and her face was burning.
Mom smelled a rat and asked what was wrong. “I am just ... too excited，” Lily stammered, hastily stuffing the test paper into her backpack. Mom brought her some tea. Yes, a “t” was exactly what she needed.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1:
About one hour later, Dad came home.
Paragraph 2：
The next morning, Lily went to school earlier than usual.
二、主题下的语基训练
(一)主题词汇盘查
(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)
①culture □ ②discuss □
③fault □ ④focus □
⑤grammar □ ⑥explanation □
⑦express □ ⑧failure □
⑨fluent □ gradually □
wonderful □ accurate □
difference □ difficulty □
effective □ master □
phrase □ practise □
recite □ topic □
(二)主题词汇训练
Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)
fault， grammar， focus， fluent， master， recite， topic， difference， wonderful， phrase
1．The composition is excellent except for some ______ mistakes.
2．I am ______ in both Chinese and English, which is beneficial for introducing Chinese paintings.
3．The girl has a sharp tongue and tends to find ______ with me.
4．What I'm going to do in this lecture is ______ on something very specific.
5．The theme of the speech contest is “______ between eastern and western customs”．
6．Students are expected to ______ a second language.
7．He ______ the whole poem without making a single slip.
8．On the way to the downtown area of Lhasa, I was thinking of three _______bright sunshine, azure (蔚蓝的) sky and blue water.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Role-play allows students to practise ______ (speak) English in a safe situation.
2．Whether the traditional English teaching method is still effective is a topic under heated ______ (discuss)．
3．She often ______ (express) herself using English so that her English has improved.
4．Many children can't function ______ (effective) in large classes.
5．The teacher gave an accessible ______ (explain) concerning the answer to the math problem.
6．It is of first importance to spread ______ (culture) and scientific knowledge among the people.
7．With the boy leading the way, we had no ______ (difficult) finding his home.
8．You helped me correct grammar mistakes, which is of vital importance for conveying my ideas ______ (accurate)．
9．The book starts slowly, but it ______ (gradual) draws you in.
10．Facing ______ (fail), you shouldn't feel sad and lose heart.
