(共17张PPT)
Unit 3 The Earth
课时3
语法
一
课时精讲
三
四基三级练
二
课时过关
一、可数和不可数名词。
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西; 因此它有复数形式; 不可数名词不能以数目来计算,一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式。
【解析1】怎么区分可数名词和不可数名词
【讲解1】可数名词
可数名词有单、复数之分。一般来说,表示人或事物的名词和集体名词等一般都是可数的; 能与不定冠词a, an连用。如:a boy 一个男孩; a desk 一张课桌; a film 一部电影; a story一个故事; a song 一支歌; an apple 一个苹果; 我们可以在可数名词前用some, many, a lot of, a few等词或词组表示数量的多少。如:some books, many trees, a few boys等。
【讲解2】不可数名词
不可数名词,通常只有一种形式,没有单复数的变化, 所以不能和a/an 连用。
如:water水, air空气, music音乐, tea茶, meat肉, milk牛奶, rice米饭; 我们可以在不可数名词前用some, much, a lot of, a little等词或词组表示数量的多少。
如:some milk, some juice, some bread, a little water, much meat等。
【讲解3】不可数名词可以和量词连用。如:a bottle of water 一瓶水; a piece of paper 一张纸
【解析2】怎样变名词复数
在英语里面,名词分为可数名词 (countable noun) 和不可数名词 (uncountable noun),不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用; 可数名词有单复数之分,单数可数名词的前面要用a或an。
如: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card; 而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下:
(1) 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记。
child→children, man→men, foot→feet, woman→women
tooth→teeth, sheep→sheep, deer→deer
(2) 一般的词在单数词后直接加“-s”。
book→books, pen→pens, car→cars, map→maps, cartoon→cartoons
(3) 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词加“-es”。 box→boxes, watch→watches
(4) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“-es”。
family→families, comedy→comedies
(5) 以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”,再加“-es”。
knife→knives, wife→wives, handkerchief→handkerchieves
二、there be句型。
(1) there be句型主要用以表达“某处 (某时) 有某人 (某物)。”其基本结构为“There be+某物 (某人) +某地 (某时).”其中there是引导词,没有词义; 主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:
there be放句首,主语跟在后。地点、时间放句末,强调置前头。如:
There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。
有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:
On the desk there is a book. 桌子上有一本书。
(2) there be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:
be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“there be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:
①There is a tree behind the house. 房子后面有一棵树。
②There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。
③There are some pears in the box. 箱子里有一些梨。
(3) 注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:
①There is a book and some pens on the floor. 地板上有一本书和一些钢笔。
②There are some pens and a book on the floor. 地板上有一些钢笔和一本书。
【拓展】注意:若某人有……, 应用have got/have或has got/has表达。如:
They have got/have many friends. 他们有很多朋友。
She has got/has a nice bike. 她有一辆漂亮的自行车。
一、用所给名词的适当形式填空。
1.How many ________ (sheep) are there on the hill
2.There is some _______ (food) in the basket.
3.The baby has only two ________ (tooth) now.
4.There is a lot of ________ (water) in the bottle.
sheep
food
teeth
water
5.There are five _________ (people ) in his family.
6.I have lots of ___________ (tomato) here.
7.The ________ (leaf) on the tree turn yellow.
8.The ___________ (child) are playing games on the playground now.
9.Their _______________ (dictionary) look very new.
10.Can you give me some bottles of _________ (orange), please
people
tomatoes
leaves
children
dictionaries
orange
二、用be动词的正确形式填空。
1.There _____ two boxes of toys in the room.
2.Water ____ very important in our daily life.
3.What _____ those
4.They _____ going to have lunch together.
5.I ____ studying English now.
are
is
are
are
am
6.There ____ a blackboard on the wall.
7._____ there any water in the cup
8.There ____ a glass of milk and two eggs on the table.
9.There _____ three pieces of chocolate in the box.
10.There _____ some sheep on the hill.
is
Is
is
are
are
谢谢大家!