(共97张PPT)
选择性必修
UNIT 1 Looking forwards
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．dot n． 点，小圆点
2．arise v. (由……)引起
3．shift n. (工厂、医院等轮班制中的)当班时间
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．boyhood n. (男性的)童年时期，少年时代
2．bullfighting n. 斗牛
3．ultimately adv. 最后，最终
4．backwards adv. 向后，朝反方向
5．complex adj. 复杂的
6．diverge v. (两条路)岔开，分开
7．undergrowth n. 下木层，下层灌木丛
8．commercial n. 商业广告
9．alternative n. 可供选择的事物
10．dilemma n. 进退两难的境地，困境
11．circumstance n. 情况，情形
12．refreshments n. 茶点，点心和饮料
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．ambition n．追求，理想→____________ adj.有雄心的，有野心的
2．train v．培训；训练→________ n．接受工作培训的人；实习生→____________ n．教员；教练员
3．correspond v．通信；符合；相当于→___________________ n．通讯员，记者→___________________ n．来往信件；通信联系
ambitious
trainee
trainer
correspondent
correspondence
4．history n．历史(学)→_____________ adj.(有关)历史的→_________ adj.有历史意义的；历史上著名的
5．detect v．侦察出；发现；查明→___________ n．私家侦探
6．admit v．承认；准许……进入(加入)→___________ n．允许进入(加入)
7．participate v．参加，参与→_________________ n．参加，参与→______________ n．参加者，参与者
historical
historic
detective
admission
participant
8．number n．数字→____________ adj.许多的，很多的
9．thought n．思考，想法→______________ adj.认真思考的，深思的→
_______________ n．无微不至；体谅
10．symbol n. 象征，代表→____________ v．象征，代表
11．mix v．混合；调配→__________ n．混合；混合体
numerous
thoughtful
thoughtfulness
symbolize
mixture
12．affect v．影响；感染；打动→_________ n．喜爱，钟爱→__________ adj.表示关爱的
13．qualify v．合格，使具备资格→_____________ adj.合格的，胜任的→______________ n．资格，资历
14．fluent adj.流利的→_____________ n．熟练，流利
15．sincere adj.真诚的，诚挚的，诚实的→_____________ adv.由衷地，真诚地，真心实意地
affection
affectionate
qualified
qualification
fluency
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.“n.＋-hood”名词集锦
①boyhood 少年时代
②childhood 童年
③adulthood 成年
④neighbourhood 街区
⑤manhood 男子气概
⑥brotherhood 手足之情
⑦parenthood 父母身份
2.以“-ical”结尾的形容词一览
①historical (有关)历史的
②economical 经济的
③geographical 地理(学)的
④political 政治的
⑤magical 有魔力的
⑥musical 音乐的
⑦practical 实际的；应用的
⑧phychical 灵魂的；精神的
⑨skeptical 怀疑的
⑩technical 技术的，工艺的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1．____________ 采取行动
2．____________________ 做出决定，拿定主意
3．____________ 放过，放弃，错过(机会)
4．___________________ (对原先的决定)犹豫，产生怀疑
5．____________ 推迟……，使……延期
take action
make up one's mind
pass up
have second thoughts
put off
6．___________________ 坚决拒绝……；彻底否决……
7．______________ 仔细考虑，权衡
8．______________ 洞悉；了解
9．________________ 每天
10．________________ 在这方面
reject ...out of hand
weigh up
insight into
on a daily basis
in this respect
11．________________ 面对(问题、困难等)
12．__________________ 被迫做某事
13．________________________ 效仿，模仿
14．_______________ 谨上，敬上，谨启
in the face of
be forced to do sth.
take a leaf out of one's book
yours sincerely
[联想串记]
1.“动词＋up”短语聚焦
pass up 放过，放弃，错过(机会)
grow up 成长；逐渐发展
take up 开始从事；占据
look up 查阅；查找
come up 发生；被讨论
make up 组成；和好
break up 解散；分裂
2.“v.＋off”短语荟萃
put off 推迟……，使……延期
set off 动身；启程；爆炸
cut off 切断；中断
give off 释放，发出
show off 炫耀
pay off 还清；成功
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．whatever引导名词性从句
教材原句 Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way
我们能否采取行动去影响未来，还是该全然接受现实给予我们的一切呢？
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)As high school students, it's our responsibility to do whatever we can to protect oceans.
作为高中生，我们有责任尽我们所能保护海洋。
②(新教材译林版选择性必修4佳句)Always give your best in whatever you set out to do, however difficult that might be.
无论你打算做什么，无论多么困难，都要竭尽全力。
续表
2．upon/on＋n./doing ...
教材原句 On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter.
高中毕业后，他进入堪萨斯当地的一家报社做实习记者。
推荐佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Upon our arrival, we were all deeply attracted by what we saw.
当我们到达时，我们都被我们所看到的深深吸引了。
②(新教材人教版选择性必修1佳句)Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country.”
获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民。”
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
场景渲染之比赛场景
Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. They moved away quickly, and Ali felt like giving up. However, all of a sudden, a voice echoed in his mind. “You promised to win a pair of new shoes for Zahra.” He struggled to his feet, gritted his teeth and gathered all his strength to dash forward. Determined to carry out his promise, he ignored the pain from his bleeding ankles and ran as fast as his legs could carry him. One by one he caught up with the runners in front of him. Eventually, he finished third and lived up to his promise.
阿里抬起头来，看见其他男孩冲在前面。他们很快离开了，阿里想放弃。然而，一个声音突然在他的脑海中回荡，“你答应过要为萨拉赢一双新鞋。”他挣扎着站了起来，咬紧牙关，集中了所有的力量，向前冲。他决心履行诺言，不顾流血的脚踝带来的疼痛，以双腿所能支撑的速度尽可能快地奔跑。他一个接一个地赶上了前面的赛跑者。最后，他得了第三名，实现了自己的诺言。
[点评] 本段中使用了“echoed, struggled, gritted, gathered, determined, ignored, ran as fast as, caught up with”等词汇形象地刻画了Ali在比赛时由犹豫不决到下定决心的心理斗争过程以及坚持到最后，完成比赛的画面。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She lost her footing and fell ______________(向后) into the water.
2．They have to clean out their cars after every _________ (轮班)．
3．Under no ________________ (情况) should we underestimate the positive and enduring effect of reading.
4．He was best known for his novels set in his __________(童年时期) world on the river.
backwards
shift
circumstances
boyhood
5．My __________(理想) is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.
6．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend _________ (引起)．
7．There were __________ (许多的) diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them.
ambition
arose
numerous
8．(2021·浙江1月高考)Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand ___________(复杂的) information from another animal's call ...
9．The area has remained relatively untouched by ____________(商业的) development.
10．Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for _______________(点心) in the town may obtain re-entry permits from the castle shops.
complex
commercial
refreshments
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He has deep ___________ (affect) for China and doesn't want to leave.
2．She hired a private ________(detect) in an attempt to find her daughter.
3．To work as a translator, you need ___________(fluent) in at least one foreign language.
4．This plant requires a muddy soil, therefore a _________(mix) of clay and sand is ideal.
affection
detective
fluency
mixture
5．On Mother's Day people wear carnations. A red one __________(symbol) the love for mother.
6．I have once worked in a big company as a __________(train) for one year and I gained much experience.
7．(2022·全国乙卷) There are alternatives _________constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
symbolizes
trainee
to
8．When you have the chance to come to China, I'll teach you how to speak Chinese and show you around some famous ____________(history) places of interest.
9．(2022·全国乙卷) Last ____________(admit) to the exhibition: 17：15. There is no re-admission.
10．(2022·全国甲卷) I considered this when I met a ___________(thought) young businessman named Anthony.
historical
admission
thoughtful
Ⅲ.选词填空
take action， make up one's mind， pass up， have second thoughts， in this respect， on a daily basis， put off， weigh up， reject ... out of hand
1．We could say that the offer was just too good to ___________.
2．It's time for us to _______________ to protect our environment.
3．In the event of difficulties, please do not ___________________but contact our Customer Service Department immediately.
pass up
take action
have second thoughts
4．The weather being fine, we have ___________________to go for a picnic.
5．I'm going to teach you five ways that you can learn English ___________
________.
6．Opinions are divided _______________ and as always there are pros and cons about this idea.
7. His application for graduate school was______________________, simply because of his poor grades.
made up our minds
on a daily
basis
in this respect
rejected out of hand
8. You have to __________in your mind whether to pursue the matter or not.
9. Don't ____________ till tomorrow what can be done today.
weigh up
put off
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)As darkness thickened, Dad believed _____________________
the spot and wait for help.
随着夜幕降临，爸爸相信留在原地等待救援会更安全。
2．(完成句子)__________________________________ about a painting you weren't that interested in
如果他们花了很长时间谈论一幅你并不感兴趣的画呢？
it was safer to stay on
What if they talked a long time
3．(一句多译)由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情，所以他在很多领域都取得了巨大成就。
①Owing to the fact that he can do ___________________________with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields. (名词性从句)
②Owing to the fact that he can do anything ______________________
with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields. (定语从句)
whatever he has chosen to do
that he has chosen to do
4．When he heard the bad news, she felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying.
→______________________________, she felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying.(用On/Upon＋doing升级句子)
5．Because he was accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
→___________________________, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. (用分词作状语升级句子)
On/Upon hearing the bad news
Accepted by the Party
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．correspondent n．通讯员，记者
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He often ______________ (correspondent) with his old comrades-in-arms.
corresponds
②We have too many high-sounding words, and too few actions that correspond __________them.
③What we say should be ____ correspondence with what we do.
④As far as I know, he has held/kept up correspondence with exchange students of Canada since then.
据我所知，自那时以来，他一直与加拿大的交流生保持通信联系。
to/with
in
系统归纳 (1)correspond vi. 通信；符合；相当于
correspond with sb. 与某人通信
correspond to/with sth. 与……相一致/符合
correspond to sth. 类似于……；相当于……
(2)correspondence n. 来往信件；通信联系
in correspondence with 与……有通信联系；和……一致
hold/keep up correspondence with sb.与某人保持通信联系
2．participation n．参加，参与
(单句语法填空/替换加黑词汇/完成句子)
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) He always participated to the best of his ability _____ whatever they were doing.
②Please confirm your attendance at your earliest convenience. ___________
③As the captain of our school volleyball team, I'm writing to invite you to ____________________________________our game.
作为我们学校排球队的队长，我写信邀请你参加我们的比赛。
in
participation
participate in/take part in/join in
系统归纳 participate in＝take part in＝join in 参加，参与
participate in (doing) sth.(with sb.) (和某人一起)参与(做)某事
易混辨析 (1)participate in指参加团体活动并积极从事工作，是正式用语；
(2)join指参加某团体或组织并成为其中一员或与in搭配，指参加某项活动；
(3)attend主要指“到场”或“出席”会议、宴会、典礼、仪式等。
3．admission n．允许进入(加入)；入场费；承认
(单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换)
①Gaining ___________(admit) to a key university is seen as a key to future success for some parents.
②She apologized to me and admitted ______________________(take) my umbrella by mistake.
③Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted _____ competitors.
admission
taking/having taken
as
④As expected, my dream of ________________________________________
finally came true.
正如预期的，我被我最喜欢的大学录取的梦想终于实现了。
⑤As a man, you should have the courage to admit your mistakes.
→As a man, you should have the courage to ________________________
_________.
→As a man, you should have the courage to ________________________
____________________.
being admitted into/to my favorite university
admit making/having made
mistakes
admit that you make/have
made mistakes
系统归纳 (1)gain admission to/into 允许进入
(2)admit v． 承认；准许……进入(加入)
admit sb./sth.to be＋n./adj. 承认某人/某物是……
admit doing/having done/that ... 承认做过……
admit (to sb.) that ... (向某人)承认……
admit sb. to/into ... 准许某人进入(加入)/入学(入院)
be admitted to/into 被接收(入学/入院/入党等)
be admitted as 作为……被接受
微点提醒 admit后跟动词作宾语常使用动名词形式，且having done强调已经完成的动作。
续表
4．make up one's mind 做出决定，拿定主意
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Jenny made up her mind __________(make) an apology to her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home.
②Just tell us the color and design you have _____mind, and we'll change them accordingly.
to make
in
③Have you ________________________where to go for your vacation
你们决定好到哪里去度假了吗？
④______________________ the traffic regulations are of great importance to road safety.
要记住：交通规则对道路安全至关重要。
made up your minds
Keep/Bear in mind that
系统归纳 have ... in mind 考虑到……，想到……
bear/keep ...in mind 记住
change one's mind 改变主意
微点提醒 (1)make up one's mind中的名词mind有单复数的变化，要根据one's的单复数来确定mind的单复数。
(2)表示“做出决定”的词汇还有：decide, determine, make a decision, be determined to等。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
复习动词的时态
1．单句语法填空
①(2021·天津6月高考) Good evening, everybody. Professor King _________
__________ (deliver) his lecture in a moment, but let me introduce him first.
②She ________________(play) the piano while I was reading the newspaper.
③She said that the meeting __________________(hold) the next day.
will be
delivering
was playing
was to be held
④Her eyes are red.It's obvious that she ______________(cry) for a long time.
⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what _______________(happen)．
⑥(2022·浙江1月高考) On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of them climate scientists —__________
_____________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
has been crying
had happened
have
promised
2．完成句子
①(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao __________________________
___________in six continents.
在过去的五年里，曹走遍了六大洲的34个国家。
②(2022·浙江1月高考) I assured him I would finish the project alone and that I _________________________.
我向他保证我会独自完成这个项目，不会让他失望。
has walked through 34
countries
wouldn't let him down
③Your clothes are covered with dust.You_____________________________, I think.
你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你一直在打扫教室吧。
④_____________________ at this time next Monday
下周一的这个时候你将在做什么？
have been cleaning the classroom
What will you be doing
⑤Unfortunately, when I dropped in on Professor Li, he _________________
____________to attend an important meeting, so I only had a few words with him.
不幸的是，当我去拜访李教授时，他正要去澳大利亚参加一个重要会议，所以我只和他说了几句话。
was leaving for
Australia
[谨记规则]
1．现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响或结果，或从过去开始持续到现在并有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态，往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。
2．过去完成时表示在过去某个动作或某个具体的时间之前已经发生、完成的动作或存在的状态，即表示“过去的过去”。
3．过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行或持续进行的动作。
4．将来进行时表示将来某一段时间内持续做的动作并很有可能继续下去，也表示将来自然而然会发生的事情，而不是人为安排要做的事或礼貌地询问对方或别人计划要做的事。
5．过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。
6．现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到说话时还在进行，并且有可能持续下去。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．arise v．(由……)引起；出现；产生；起身；起床
常见 考法 arise from ＝ arise out of 由……引起/产生
if/when the need arises 如果/当有需要时
升维 考法 (1)arise为不及物动词，意为“出现；发生；引起；产生”。 主语一般为misunderstanding, argument, difficulty, problem, quarrel, trouble等抽象名词。其过去式和过去分词分别为arose和arisen。
(2)rise为不及物动词，意为“升起；上升；起身；增长”。其过去式和过去分词分别为rose和risen。
(3)raise为及物动词，意为“提升；举起；饲养；抚养；提出”。
(4)arouse作及物动词时，意为“引起，唤醒”。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It is believed that accidents often arise _______ carelessness.
②Children should be disciplined ___________ the need arises.
③Science _____________________________________of dealing with everyday problems.
科学产生于处理日常问题的实际需要。
from
when/if
arises from/out of the practical necessity
?细练升维考法[选词填空(arise/rise/raise/arouse)]
④________ in a poor family, he found that everything in the outside world
⑤_________ his curiosity.However, as time went by, many problems
⑥_________.When the sun ⑦_______ in the east, he ⑧_________ from his bed and began to deal with them.
Raised
aroused
arose
rose
arose/rose
2．qualified adj.合格的，胜任的
常见 考法 (1)be qualified for 适合/胜任……
be qualified to do sth. 具备做某事的知识(或技能)；符合资格
(2)qualify v. 合格，使具备资格
qualify sb. for sth. 使合格；使某人具备资格
qualify as sth. 取得资格(或学历)；合格
升维 考法 表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达：
①be up to ②be fit for ③be equal to
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①It is those advantages above that make me ___________(qualify) for the position.
②Tom qualified _____ a teacher last year.
③Mary is qualified ___________ (take) the position.
qualified
as
to take
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
我曾数次在英语竞赛中获奖，因此我认为我能胜任这个职位。
④Having won several prizes in English contests, I think that I ______________ the position.(equal)
⑤Having won several prizes in English contests, I think that I ___________
the position. (fit)
⑥Having won several prizes in English contests, I think that I ___________
______ the position. (qualified)
am equal to
am fit for
am qualified
for
3．take action采取行动
常见考法 take action/measures/steps to do sth. 采取行动/措施做某事
take risks (a risk) 冒险
take photos/pictures 照相，拍照
升维考法 (1)action意为“行动”时，是不可数名词，故take action中的action不可加s。
(2)take measures/steps 短语中的measures/steps 必须用复数。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Later the leader realized the problem and took action ________________
(improve) the situation.
②We cannot afford to take _______ (risk) when people's lives are at stake.
③Li Wei _________________________the mountains in Xiangshan Park.
李伟为香山公园的群山拍了照。
to improve
risks
took photos/pictures of
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
④(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)It's high time that we should call on people to _______________________________to protect oceans from being polluted.
是我们呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋免受污染的时候了。
⑤As the Earth Day approached, a lot of posters were put up in our school to call on us to________________________________.
随着地球日的临近，学校里张贴了许多海报，号召我们为一个更加绿色的地球采取行动。
take action/take measures/take steps
take action for a greener earth
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
upon/on＋n./doing ...“一 ……就……”
(1)upon/on＋n./doing ...“一……就……”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)“一……就……”的其他表达形式：
①immediately/directly/instantly＋从句
②the moment/minute/instant＋从句
③no sooner ...than .../hardly ...when ...
(3)在no sooner ...than .../hardly ...when ...句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，如果no sooner或hardly位于句首，主句需用部分倒装。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①As soon as he arrived at the office, he realized that he had left his cell phone at home.
→_________________________________, he realized that he had left his cell phone at home.
→_____________________________, he realized that he had left his cell phone at home.
Upon/On his arrival at the office
Upon/On arriving at the office
②The clock had hardly struck twelve when they realized that it was too late to catch the last train.
→________________________________ when they realized that it was too late to catch the last train.(倒装句)
Hardly had the clock struck twelve
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③他一到车站，就发现火车已经开走了。
________________________________________, he found that the train had left.
④我们一看到这个视频，回忆便如潮水般地涌出。
________________________________than the memories of the past came flooding back.
On/Upon arriving/his arrival at the station
No sooner had we seen the video
⑤铃一响，学生们就一个接一个地走出了教室。
________________________, students came out of the classroom one after another.
The moment the bell rang
2020·天津7月高考·阅读理解B篇
“They tell me that you'd like to make a statue (塑像) of me — is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream？”
The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl.Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.
“Yes, sir，” she replied, her dark eyes meeting his. “I wouldn't have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner.”
President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors — they've all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but I'm afraid there's not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream A bust (半身像)？”
Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice. “Of course — I shouldn't have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.”
Vinnie's face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure. “Small does not mean weak, sir，” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. I've driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay (粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend to do！”
The President's eyes brightened at her show of spirit.“Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didn't know your background.”
But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream，” he sighed, “I'd like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now I hardly have a minute to myself.”
Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly，” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.”
The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnie's hand warmly, “I've heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hear from me soon.”
The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁的女孩Vinnie 给林肯总统制作全身塑像的故事。起初林肯总统对她的能力表示怀疑，但她用自己的经历和坚持不懈打动了总统，最终得到了总统的首肯。
1．What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln
A．Her aggressive personality.
B．Mr. Mills's encouraging remark.
C．President Lincoln's gentle voice.
D．Her interest in a challenging job.
答案:B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I wouldn't have dared to ask you ... admirable manner.”可知，是她的老师Mr. Mills鼓励的话给了Vinnie 向林肯总统提出她的请求的信心。
2．How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie's request
A．Pleased. B．Thrilled.
C．Regretful. D．Doubtful.
答案:D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段和第五段中林肯总统的话可推断，林肯总统起初对Vinnie 的请求是怀疑的。
3．Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting
_____________.
A．her experience from other projects
B．her innocent childhood in the country
C．the heavy labor she had done before
D．the skill she picked up in Wisconsin
答案:C
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I've driven teams of horses ... intend to do！”可推断， Vinnie 通过强调她以前做过的体力劳动来证实她制作全身塑像的能力。
4．Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to .
A．achieve effects of natural lighting
B．keep all her tools within easy reach
C．observe the President at a right angle
D．avoid disturbing the President's work
答案:D
解析：推理判断题。根据第九段中的“‘I work quickly，’ she said ... at your desk.”可推知， Vinnie 选择靠近窗户的角落是为了不打扰林肯总统的工作。
5．What message does the story convey
A．A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.
B．Experience helps to promote excellence.
C．Ups and downs make one strong.
D．Devotion requires enthusiasm.
答案:A
解析：推理判断题。阅读全文可知，文章主要讲述Vinnie 给林肯总统制作全身塑像的故事。起初总统对她的请求表示怀疑，但她用自己坚定的意志说服林肯总统让自己为他制作塑像。由此可推断，意志坚强的人能实现目标。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第5题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice. ____________
②(一词多义)Making a full-length clay figure would not exhaust my strength — and that is what I intend to do！ ____________
③(一词多义)Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office.
_______________
一点；略微
雕像，塑像
注意；留意
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①ask a favor of ___________________
②in an admirable manner _____________________
③make the best of ____________
④defend oneself ________________
⑤intend to do sth. _______________
⑥in thought ______________
⑦as well ______________
请求……的帮助
以一种令人钦佩的方式
充分利用
自卫；为自己辩护
打算做某事
陷入沉思
同样；也；还
三、寻结构破长句
1．If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.
抓标志：从属连词___________
判类型：条件状语从句＋主句＋时间状语从句
试翻译：如果______________________________________________，我可以在你工作时完成大部分工程。
if; while
我把我的粘土带到这里，每天下午工作三个小时
2．I've heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well.
抓标志：连接词______；并列连词______
判类型：复合句(含有一个宾语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：我听说你是一个有才华的年轻女子，而且_________________
________________。
that
and
我觉得你很有魅力，
也很聪明
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.
赏析：句中if条件句和主句运用了虚拟语气，结构工整。在发出请求时运用虚拟语气，会让人觉得语气委婉，易于接受。
[对点练——单句语法填空/一句多译]
①If he ___________ (come) here yesterday, he would ____________(see) his old friend.
②If he _______ (live) in this town, he would know the environment around the town very much.
③如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。
→________________________________________________
→__________________________________________
had come
have seen
lived
If I were you, I would have attended the meeting.
Were I you, I would have attended the meeting.
2.(赏意境之美)But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought.
赏析：作者抓住人物特征进行了描写，如smile, faded, rubbed his beard, bony fingers, 寥寥数语把一个人的形象刻画得形神兼备。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共85张PPT)
UNIT 2 Lessons in life
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．phrase n． 成语，习语；警句
2．fee n. 工作酬金，服务费
3．cram v. 挤满
4．pure adj. 纯净的，洁净的
5．vexed adj. 恼火的
6．lean v. 倚，靠
7．Madame n. 夫人，太太，女士
8．despair n. 绝望
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．widespread adj. 广泛流传的
2．outstretched adj. 张开的，伸开的
3．transparent adj. 透明的
4．absurd adj. 荒唐的，愚蠢的
5．stroke v. 轻抚，抚摸
6．luxury n. 奢华，奢侈
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．weak adj.虚弱的；无力的；不牢固的→___________ v．(使)虚弱→___________ n．弱点；虚弱
2．pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的→___________ n．悲观，悲观主义→______________ n．悲观主义者
3．anticipate v．预期，预料→________________ n．预期，预料，期望
4．possess v．拥有，具有；支配→_____________ n．财产，财物
weaken
weakness
pessimism
pessimist
anticipation
possession
5．normal adj.正常的→___________ adj.不正常的，反常的
6．recognize v．认识，认出；意识到；(正式)认可，承认→____________ n．承认，认可
7．cooperate v．合作，协作→____________ n. 合作，协作→___________ adj.合作的；协作的
8．instinct n．本能，天性；直觉→_____________ adj.本能的；直觉的；天生的→_____________ adv.本能地
abnormal
recognition
cooperation
cooperative
instinctive
instinctively
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.带后缀-en的动词荟萃
①weaken (使)虚弱
②strengthen 加强
③sharpen (使)变得锋利
④fasten 系牢
⑤widen (使)变宽
⑥broaden 变宽
2.以-ate结尾的动词集锦
①cooperate 合作
②accumulate 积累
③advocate 提倡；拥护
④circulate 传播；循环
⑤investigate 调查
⑥accelerate 加速
二、背词块—丰富表达
1．__________________ (使)重聚
2．_________ 导致，引起
3．___________________ 充分体验生活
4．__________ 远离，远非，完全不
5．_________________ 充分利用
be reunited with
result in
live life to the full
far from
make the most of
6．_________________ 给某人一个教训
7．______________ 以……为基础
8．____________ 通过，做完，接通电话
9．________________ 与……失去联系
10．________________ 与……保持联系
11．__________________ 突然笑起来,
teach sb. a lesson
be based on
get through
lose touch with
keep in touch with
burst out laughing
[联想串记]
1.“原因，结果”短语串记
result in 导致，引起
lead to 导致
contribute to 促成，导致
as a consequence 因此，结果
on account of 由于
2.“动词＋out”短语聚焦
burst out 突然爆发出
give out 分发；用完
find out 查明；弄清
break out 突然开始
bring out 出版；生产
figure out 算出；理解
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．once引导条件状语从句
教材原句 As Morrie says, “Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live.”
正如莫里所说，“懂得了怎样死亡，也就学会了怎样生活。”
推荐佳句 ① (2020·浙江高考写作)Once the helicopter landed, we got onto it in no time, excited and relieved.直升机一着陆，我们马上就上了飞机，既兴奋又松了一口气。
②(新教材译林版选择性必修4佳句)Once you have obtained this information, you can use it to determine how best to communicate with them.
一旦你获得了这些信息，那么你就可以用它来决定如何最好地与他们沟通。
续表
2．It's up to sb. to do sth.
教材原句 It's up to us to find out what is important in our lives and establish our own values.
我们应该靠自己去弄清楚生命中什么才是最重要的，并树立我们自己的价值观。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷书面表达) It's up to all of us to protect oceans for what we can do is sure to make a difference.
保护海洋是我们所有人的责任，因为我们所能做的一定会有所不同。
②She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions and it's up to you to find out what they are.
当她提出建议的时候，她可能已经有了一些想法，而你要做的就是弄清楚这些想法是什么。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
细节描写之修辞手法
We got out of the car and each took a child's hand, and I followed Carolyn down the path. Then, we turned a corner of the path, and I looked up. Before me lay the most glorious sight as though someone had taken a great vat of colors and poured it down over the mountain. The flowers were planted in splendid patterns — ribbons of deep orange, white, lemon, yellow, and butter yellow. Each different-colored variety was planted as a group so that it swirled and flowed as a river with its own unique color. There were a huge sea of flowers.
我们下了车，每人牵着一个孩子的手。我跟着卡罗琳沿着小路走。然后，我们拐了一个弯，我抬起头来。在我面前是最壮丽的景象，仿佛有人拿了一大桶颜色倒在山上。这些花被种植成华丽的图案——深橙色、白色、柠檬色、黄色和奶油黄色的丝带。每一种不同颜色的品种都是作为一个群体种植的，这样它就可以像河流一样旋转和流动，有自己独特的颜色。那里有一大片花海。
[点评] 本段中使用了“a great vat of colors, poured it down over the mountain”来比喻山上的美景就像是有人用了一大桶颜色倾倒而成， 用“river”比喻不同群组的花，用“sea”比喻花之多。人们都知道河流的曲折蜿蜒，大海的宽广无垠，这样的暗喻使语言生动活泼。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．But my relief turned to _________(绝望) when I checked what I had.
2．It is ________(荒唐的) to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.
3．John found his younger brother was coming across the bridge, his hands _____________ (张开的)．
4．There is a _______________(广泛流传的) concern over the issue whether students should make friends online.
despair
absurd
outstretched
widespread
5．I often read aloud in the morning to memorize the new words and ____________(短语)．
6．The sky was a billion _______(纯净的) eyes of light and the grass was green underfoot.
7. _______________(透明的) animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.
phrases
pure
Transparent
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Listening and speaking are where my _____________(weak) lies when it comes to English.
2．Facial ____________(recognize) technology has increasingly been used in China.
3．We were very surprised at his ______________ (normal) behavior.
4．It can be difficult to be ___________(cooperate) with someone we dislike.
weakness
recognition
abnormal
cooperative
5．I don't think anyone can anticipate ___________ (win) a prize.
6．It is a pity that so many useful discoveries should be in _____possession of a silent man.
7．She and her youngest son were finally allowed __________________
(reunite) with their family.
8．Positive people always see an opportunity in every difficulty, while _____________ (pessimism) people are always taking a negative view of opportunity.
winning
the
to be reunited
pessimistic
Ⅲ.选词填空
be reunited with， keep in touch with， make the most of， be based on， result in， far from， get through， burst out
1．The mother lost control of her emotions and _____________crying.
2．I'm surrounded by people who are ___________________their families.
3．I don't know how we're going to ______________all this work by tomorrow.
4．If we ________________the waste materials, a lot of money will be saved.
burst out
being reunited with
get through
make the most of
5．True friendship should _____________mutual understanding, not on mutual benefit.
6．Competition can be healthy, but if it is pushed too far it can __________
bullying.
7．Poor Pinocchio pretended to be peaceful and contented, but he was
__________ that.
8．I have tried to _____________________Betsy over the years; her mother was one of the finest people I've ever known.
be based on
result in
far from
keep in touch with
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)__________________________________, you should do it well.
一旦你决定要做某事，你就应该把它做好。
2．(完成句子)___________________________ whether to go or not.
是否去由你决定。
Once you have decided to do something
It's up to you to decide
3．(一句多译)孩子一看到自己所造成的伤害，就感到羞愧。
①_____________________________________, the child felt ashamed.
(as soon as)
②_______________________________, the child felt ashamed.(on doing)
4．(句式升级)Neither this film nor that one is interesting.
→This film is ________________________that one.
5．(句式升级)Two stories from different parts of the world are here.
→______________________ from different parts of the world.
As soon as he saw the damage he had done
On seeing the damage he had done
no more interesting than
Here are two stories
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．anticipate v．预期，预料，预计
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①At the time we couldn't have _____________(anticipate) the result of the campaign.
anticipated
②They anticipate ____________(move) to bigger premises this year.
③______________________ the movie will be not only meaningful but also interesting.
预计这部电影不仅有意义，而且有趣。
moving
It is anticipated that
系统归纳 anticipate doing sth. 预料做某事
anticipate that ... 预计
It is anticipated that ... 预计
2．despair n．& v．绝望
(单句语法填空/一句多译)
①At first I tried to fight the feeling, then ___________(despair) at the thought that our outing was ruined.
②A true friend will always extend a helping hand to you when you're ____ the depths of despair.
despaired
in
③想起她一个人住在小村庄里，他感到绝望。
→At the thought of her living alone in the small village he
________________.
→__________ seized him at the thought of her living alone in the small village.
fell into despair
Despair
系统 归纳 (1)in despair 绝望地，失望地
drive sb. to despair 使某人绝望
fall into despair 陷入绝望
the depths of despair 绝望的深渊
to the despair of sb. 令某人失望的是
(2)despair of sb./sth./doing sth. 对某人/某事/做某事绝望
微点 提醒 despair常可作主语，使用拟人的修辞手法。
3．get through完成(工作)，处理(事情)，(用电话)接通；穿过；通过(考试、议案等)；到达；用完；熬过(困境)
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2022·浙江1月高考) “I was simply going ________a terrible experience，” Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto.
②I'm pleased to tell you I'm getting _________well with all my teachers and classmates.
through
along/on
③It's high time that we should get down to _________(deal) with the problems of food safety.
④My father telephoned the company, but_____________________________.
我父亲给那个公司打电话，但是打不通。
dealing
it couldn't get through
系统归纳 (1)get about/around 四处走动；(新闻或消息等)传开
get away from 逃离，摆脱，避免
get along/on with 与……相处；进展
get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真(做)某事
(2)go through 经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；通过
look through 浏览；翻阅
微点提醒 get through表示“完成，处理；穿过；通过；到达；用完；熬过”时，为及物动词短语，表示“(用电话)接通”时，为不及物动词短语。
4．keep in touch with与……保持联系
(完成句子)
①I tried to _______________________yesterday evening, but I think you were out.
我昨晚想要和你联系，但好像你不在家里。
②The two brothers had long been separated from and __________________
__________.
兄弟俩早已分开，失去了联系。
get in touch with you
lost touch with each
other
③At last, I sincerely hope our friendship will last forever and wish we can
____________________________.
最后，我真诚地希望我们的友谊将永远持续下去，希望我们能保持联系。
keep in touch with each other
系统归纳 (1)get in touch with sb. 与某人进行联系(动作)
be/keep in touch with sb. 与某人有联系(状态)
(2)lose touch with sb. 与某人失去联系(动作)
be out of touch with sb. 与某人失去联系(状态)
微点提醒 get in touch with sb.和lose touch with sb.表示动作，不可与时间段连用；be/keep in touch with sb.和be out of touch with sb.表示状态，可与时间段连用。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
复习被动语态
1．单句语法填空/翻译句子
①(2022·浙江1月高考) Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like — frequently by plane —____________________________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
②(2021·天津高考) Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he _______
________ (offer) jobs by a dozen computer companies.
is viewed/has been viewed
had been
offered
③(2021·全国甲卷) It ___________(build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)．
④My washing machine ________________(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
⑤The physics lesson ________________(teach) in the lab tomorrow.
was built
is being repaired
will be taught
⑥我的房子需要修理了。
____________________________________
⑦这个问题容易回答。
_________________________________________
My house needs repairing/to be repaired.
This question is easy to answer.
2．句型转换
①I didn't notice her enter the office.
→She _______________________the office.
②My sister gave me a big cake.
→____________ a big cake by my sister.
→______________________ to me by my sister.
③Teachers can use it in the classroom.
→It __________________ in the classroom by teachers.
wasn't noticed to enter
I was given
A big cake was given
can be used
④Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
→A stranger _________________into the building.
⑤People said Edison had invented the first light.
→Edison __________________________the first light.
→__________________ Edison _____________________the first light.
was seen to walk
was said to have invented
It was said that
had invented
[谨记规则]
1．在被动语态的句子中主语是动作的承受者。
2．被动语态的基本构成形式为：be＋及物动词的过去分词。
3．在被动语态中可以有各种时态或含有情态动词(may, might, can, could, would, should, ought to, must)＋be＋过去分词。
4．在使役动词have, make以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后接不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加上to。
5．当feel, look, smell, taste等系动词后接形容词/名词构成系表结构时；当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash等表示某种属性且带有修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、运动”等意义时以及“be＋adj.＋to do”句型，常使用主动形式表示被动意义。
6．“It is＋过去分词＋that 从句”句型大多可转换为“Sb./ Sth.is said/believed/thought/reported ...to ...” 句型。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．possession n．[C](常作复数)财产，财物； [U]具有，拥有
常见考法 (1)in possession of 占有；拥有；持有
in one's possession＝in the possession of sb.
为某人所有；在某人的控制下
get/take/gain possession of 拥有；占有
(2)possess v. 拥有，具有；支配
be possessed of 具有(尤指某种品质、能力等)
be possessed by 为……所支配
升维考法 sb. be in possession of sth.表示主动，意为“拥有……；占有……”，主语通常为表示人的词语；sth. be in the possession of 表示被动，意为“被……占有”，主语通常为表示物的词语。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/替换黑体词汇)
①The result is that we throw away useful ______________(possess) to make room for new ones.
②Although he doesn't have much money, he is possessed _____ good health.
③He was possessed _____ a intense urge to get out for vacation.
④It was evident that someone had gone through my belongings.
____________
possessions
of
by
possessions
?细练升维考法(完成句子/一句多译)
⑤You cannot legally ________________________the property until three weeks after the contract is signed.
合同签署三周以后，你才能合法取得这份产业的所有权。
⑥我们公司的总裁塞缪尔先生现在在中国拥有许多分公司。
→Mr Samuel, president of our company, is now _________________many branches across China.
→Many branches across China are now __________________Mr Samuel, president of our company.
get/take/gain possession of
in possession of
in the possession of
2．result in 导致，造成
常见考法 result from 由于；由……引起
as a result 结果；因此
as a result of 由于；因为
升维考法 result in后跟结果，result from后跟原因。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Over the past decades, sea ice has decreased in the Arctic as a result ______ global warming.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result _____ a useful response.
of
in
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
③司机的粗心驾驶导致了这次事故。
→The driver's careless driving _______________________.
→The accident _______________________________________.
④他突然头疼起来，结果他未能去参加宴会。
→He had a sudden headache._______________, he wasn't able to attend the party.
→He wasn't able to attend the party _____________his sudden headache.
resulted in the accident
resulted from the driver's careless driving
As a result
as a result of
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
It is up to sb.to do sth.
it is up to you 取决于你；由你决定
be up to the job/position 胜任工作/职位
live up to 符合，不辜负，无愧于
look up to 尊敬；仰望；尊重
add up to 合计，总计
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①Whoever was supposed to be fit for the job was asked to sign up.
→Whoever was supposed to _________________was asked to sign up.
②How to spend the money is for you to decide.
→_______________________ how to spend the money.
be up to the job
It is up to you to decide
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③总而言之，我希望你能不辜负我们学校的期望。
To sum up, I wish you could______________________________________.
live up to the expectations of our school
2017·天津高考·阅读理解D篇
I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours To understand the issue, let's take a look at three types of “waits”．
The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink (洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
A cousin to the Watched-Pot Wait is the Forced Wait. This one requires a bit of discipline. Properly preparing packaged noodle soup requires a Forced Wait. Directions are very specific. “Bring three cups of water to boil, add mix, simmer three minutes, remove from heat, let stand five minutes.” I have my doubts that anyone has actually followed the procedures strictly. After all, Forced Waiting requires patience.
Perhaps the most powerful type of waiting is the Lucky-Break Wait. This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. Unlike the Forced Wait, which is also voluntary, waiting for your lucky break does not necessarily mean that it will happen.
Turning one's life into a waiting game requires faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us. On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it. As long as one doesn't come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.
We certainly do spend a good deal of our time waiting. The next time you're standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you'll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don't be desperate. You're probably just as busy as the next guy.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。有人说人们生活的三分之一的时间都在等待。作者把我们生活中的等待分成三种类型进行了剖析。
1．While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to ______________ .
A．keep ourselves busy B．get absent-minded
C．grow anxious D．stay focused
答案:B
解析：细节理解题。第二段作者在分析第一类等待的时候说，在“看着水壶式的等待”中，我们的大脑常会离开我们，到处飘移(the brain slips away from the body and wanders about)，这与B项陈述吻合。
2．What is the difference between the Forced Wait and the Watched-Pot Wait
A．The Forced Wait requires some self-control.
B．The Forced Wait makes people passive.
C．The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.
D．The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.
答案:A
解析：推理判断题。作者在第三段中解释第二种等待(即“被迫等待”)的时候说，这种等待需要一些纪律(requires a bit of discipline)、需要耐心(requires patience)，这与A项陈述的“需要一些自我控制”是一致的。
3．What can we learn about the Lucky-Break Wait
A．It is less voluntary than the Forced Wait.
B．It doesn't always bring the desired result.
C．It is more fruitful than the Forced Wait.
D．It doesn't give people faith and hope.
答案:B
解析：细节理解题。关于这种“运气式的等待”，倒数第三段说它大多是自愿的，而且这种等待所期待的结果未必就一定会发生(does not necessarily mean that it will happen)，这与B项的描述是一致的，因此选B。
4．What does the author advise us to do the next time we are waiting
A．Take it seriously. B．Don't rely on others.
C．Do something else. D．Don't lose heart.
答案:D
解析：细节理解题。作者在最后一段说，下次我们在等待的时候不要绝望(don't be desperate)，在等待的时候你可能很忙，别人也可能很忙。由此推断选D“不要灰心”。
5．The author supports his view by .
A．exploring various causes of “waits”
B．describing detailed processes of “waits”
C．analyzing different categories of “waits”
D．revealing frustrating consequences of “waits”
答案:C
解析：推理判断题。从文章内容看，作者首先说明“等待”在我们生活中的重要性，然后把等待分为“看着水壶式的等待”“被迫等待”和“运气式的等待”三种类型，并逐一分析各自的特点，因此选C。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第2题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：定位 查找对应信息点 根据题干关键信息the difference between ... Wait定位到第三段第二句和最后一句。这两句话解释了“the Forced Wait”的特点。
第二步：理解 信息点的字面意思 第二种等待(即“the Forced Wait”)需要一些纪律(requires a bit of discipline)，需要耐心(requires patience)。
第三步：分析 结合信息点推 断言外之意 选项A中some self-control符合这一描述，故选A。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)To understand the issue, let's take a look at three types of “waits”． ______
②(熟词生义)Directions are very specific. _______
③(一词多义)This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part
voluntary. _______________
问题
说明
自愿的，主动的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①a full third of __________________
②without doubt _____________
③take ... as an example _____________
④keep both eyes fixed on _____________
足足三分之一的
毫无疑问
以……为例
使目光集中于
⑤slip away _________________
⑥wander about ______________
⑦in that _____________
⑧be willing to do sth. __________________
逃走，悄悄溜走
闲逛，漫游
因为；由于
乐意/愿意做某事
⑨as long as ________
⑩rely on ______________
wish for ________________
a good deal of ___________
只要
依靠，依赖
盼望，希望得到
大量的
三、寻结构破长句
1．On the surface it seems as ridiculous as following the directions on soup mixes, but the Lucky-Break Wait well serves those who are willing to do it.
抓标志：并列连词______；关系代词______
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：从表面上看，这似乎和遵循混合汤的说明一样荒谬，但Lucky-Break Wait很好地服务于__________________________。
but
who
那些愿意这样做的人
2．The next time you're standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you'll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don't be desperate.
抓标志：从属连词_________________________；关系代词_______
判类型：时间状语从句(含有一个时间状语从句的省略、一个定语从句和一个时间状语从句)＋主句
试翻译：___________________________，一边等着水槽注满，一边煮着直到一大包现金从天上掉下来时才会吃的面汤时，不要绝望。
the next time; while; until
that
下次当你站在水槽边
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)As long as one doesn't come to rely on it, wishing for a few good things to happen never hurts anybody.
赏析：作者用 as long as 引导的条件状语从句强调在“只要不完全依赖碰运气”的情况下，“希望发生一些好事就从来不会伤害任何人”。as (so) long as可以用来引导时间状语从句，还可以用来引导条件状语从句。
[对点练——完成句子]
①You can use my room__________________________.
你可以使用我的房间，只要你能保持清洁。
②You may stay here______________________.
你愿意在这里待多长时间都行。
as long as you keep it clean
as long as you wish
2．(赏用词之美)There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full.
赏析：句中you can do while this is going on是省略了关系词的定语从句，先行词nothing与定语从句后的but构成nothing but (只有)结构，强调了keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full (双眼紧盯着洗碗池注满水)的单调乏味，副词absolutely又强化了对这一情景的描述。
3．(赏修辞之美)The next time you're standing at the sink waiting for it to fill while cooking noodle soup that you'll have to eat until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky, don't be desperate.
赏析：句中作者夸张地用until a large bag of cash falls out of the sky “直到一大包现金从天而降”来暗示没完没了的等待。烘托了气氛，加强了渲染力，引起读者的强烈共鸣。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共95张PPT)
UNIT 3 The world meets China
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．gateway n． 通向……的门户
2．oasis n. (沙漠中的)绿洲
3．boast v. 自豪地拥有(好的事物)
4．grotto n. 小洞穴
5．statue n. 雕像；塑像
6．mural n. 壁画
7．peak n. 高峰，顶点
8．scroll n. 纸卷，卷轴
9．expo n. 展览会，博览会
10．temple n. 庙宇，寺院
11．tune n. 曲调，旋律
12．genius n. 天才，天赋
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．testimony n. 证据；证明
2．Apsaras n. 飞天
3．immortal n. 神
4．Taoist priest 道士
5．ceramics n. 陶瓷制品
6．crossroads n. 活动中心，汇集地
7．department n. (大学的)系，部
8．institute n. 学院；研究院
9．Sinologist n. 汉学家
10．shepherd n. 牧羊人
11．chamber n. 房间
12．kingdom n. 王国
13．stratagem n. 计谋，策略
14．enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．glory n．光荣；荣誉→___________ adj.辉煌的；光荣的
2．religion n．宗教→____________ adj.宗教的
3．heaven n．天堂；天国；天空→___________ adj.天国的
4．strong adj.强壮的，强健的→___________ n．力量，力气；优点，长处→______________ v．加强；巩固；增强
glorious
religious
heavenly
strength
strengthen
5．cover v．覆盖n.封面，封皮；覆盖物；躲避处→____________ n．覆盖范围→____________ v．发现；揭开；揭露
6．scholar n．学者→____________ n．奖学金
7．history n．历史，历史学→__________ n．历史学家→_____________ adj.(有关)历史的→____________ adj.有历史意义的
8．prior adj.先前的；较早的→__________ n．优先；优先权；首要事情
9．romance n．传奇故事→___________ adj.浪漫的；多情的
coverage
uncover
scholarship
historian
historical
historic
priority
romantic
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.以“-s”结尾的单复数同形名词
①crossroads 十字路口；汇集地
②series 一系列
③means 方式，方法
④species (动植物的)物种
⑤remains 剩余物
⑥works 工厂
2.以后缀“-ian”结尾的职业类名词
①historian 历史学家
②physician 内科医生
③electrician 电工
④comedian 喜剧演员
⑤magician 魔术师
⑥technician 技术员
⑦politician 政治家
二、背词块—丰富表达
1．________ 在……之前，先于……
2．________ 领先，在……前面
3．____________________ 有很多共同点
4．_____________ 除……之外；也；还
prior to
ahead of
have a lot in common
as well as
5．____________ 幸亏，由于
6．________________ 由……到……不等
7．______________ 大体上；总的说来，基本上
8．______________ 使更生动，使更有趣
thanks to
vary from ... to ...
on the whole
bring ... to life
9．______________ 逐渐消失；逐渐消逝
10．______________ 暴露于……；使接触(新事物)
11．_________________ 密切注意
12．_________________ 爱上
fade from
be exposed to
keep a close eye on
fall in love with
[联想串记]
1.“to”表比较记一记
be prior to 在……之前
be inferior to 劣于，次于
be senior to 比……年长
be junior to 比……年幼
be superior to 优越于
2.ahead短语向“前”看
ahead of 领先，在……前面
ahead of time/schedule 提前
go ahead 往前走；说吧，做吧
get ahead 获得成功，取得进步
keep ahead 领先
look ahead 展望未来
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1. given that引导条件状语从句
教材原句 Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.
博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作) Given that the interview is scheduled to be held next Friday, I am wondering whether it is convenient for you.
鉴于访谈定于下周五举行，我想知道你是否方便。
②Given that the students need more exercise, the head teacher has decided to add more PE classes.
考虑到学生们需要更多的锻炼，校长已决定增加更多体育课。
续表
2．the first time引导时间状语从句
教材原句 I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian.
我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。
推荐佳句 ①The first time I visited Guilin, I was fascinated by its splendid landscape.
我第一次去桂林时，就被它壮丽的景色吸引住了。
②The first time that I had made a speech in public, I felt very nervous with my heart in my mouth.
第一次当众演讲，我有些紧张，心都提到了嗓子眼。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
环境描写之天气
As I walked, thunder rumbled in the mountains all around and rain began to fall in heavy drops. When I reached the place, the storm was at its fiercest and the countryside was lit up by wild ashes of lightning. With the rain streaming down my face, I clasped my hands together and looked up into the darkness. In my mind's eye I saw my little brother as I remembered him, so young and innocent, and the image filled me with unbearable sadness.
当我走着时，山里雷声震耳欲聋，大雨肆意地下着。当我到达目的地的时候，暴风雨猛烈到了极点，整个乡村都被狂舞着的闪电照亮。雨水冲刷着我的脸，我紧握双手，抬头望向黑暗处。我脑海中又看到了我的弟弟，我那个年少单纯的弟弟，一想到他，我的悲伤便再次喷涌而出。
[点评] 本段中使用了“thunder rumbled，fall in heavy drops，the storm was at its fiercest, wild ashes of lightning，the rain streaming down my face”等与天气有关的表达，描绘出了一个悲凉的画面。作者由写景到写人，借助于恶劣天气抒发作者对弟弟的思念之情。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．At that time he was working at an __________ (研究院) in Beijing.
2．I graduated from the English _______________(系) of a university four years ago.
3．Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in ______ (曲调)．
institute
Department
tune
4．________ (天才) is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
5．Newspapers have an ____________(巨大的) influence on people's opinions and ideas.
6．Go on climbing to the top of the _________(山峰), and you will see all the surrounding hills.
7．What's more, some _________(雕像) of famous people will be set up to encourage us to work harder.
Genius
enormous
peak
statues
8．The old _________(庙宇) has witnessed great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
9. When you drive a car, you should slow down while approaching ___________(十字路口).
10. The past 40 years have witnessed different means of transport from bicycle _____________(王国) to auto market.
temple
crossroads
kingdom
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The exercises are designed to __________(strength) your stomach muscles.
2．For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and ___________
(religion) beliefs.
3．Finding work that you love should be a __________(prior) in your career.
strengthen
religious
priority
4．He was a famous __________(history) and writer who was born in 1911.
5．In this __________(heaven) world, people live in perfect harmony with nature.
6．At school I won a _______________(scholar) and the first prize in speech contest.
historian
heavenly
scholarship
7．Many people from outside the Xiong'an New Area have arrived to take part in the construction and other projects, which they regard as __________ (glory) work.
8. The most attractive point of GPS is its 100% ____________(cover) on the planet.
glorious
coverage
Ⅲ.选词填空
prior to， fall in love with， be exposed to， thanks to， keep a close eye on， have a lot in common， bring ... to life， fade from
1．__________ his Japan trip, he went to America, gaining enough experience to travel abroad.
2．_________________ different languages and cultures does a lot of good to children.
Prior to
Being exposed to
3．The twins ______________________but we still can tell their differences.
4．Prices keep going up and people have to ______________________their wallets.
5．____________the Internet, different kinds of information can be learned in a short time.
have a lot in common
keep a close eye on
Thanks to
6．Many foreign tourists __________________China the first time they paid a visit to this great country.
7．The great scientist's name will never ______________the memory of the world.
8．I found the old news pictures really interesting — they helped to ____________ the stories the people were telling.
fell in love with
fade from
bring to life
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)She works hard______________________________.
她努力工作，仿佛从不知疲倦似的。
2．(完成句子)____________________________ literary books, especially those by famous writers.
我最感兴趣的是文学书籍，尤其是那些著名作家的作品。
as if she never knew tiredness
What interest me most are
3．(一句多译)当我听到你第一次提出的计划时，我感到非常兴奋。
①I felt very excited _____________________________________you put forward.(when引导时间状语从句)
②__________________________ you put forward, I felt very excited.(the first time引导时间状语从句)
when I heard the plan for the first time
The first time I heard the plan
4．(同义替换)Since you feel so stressed, you may as well take a weekend break to relax yourself.
→_____________ you feel so stressed, you may as well take a weekend break to relax yourself.
5．(句式升级)If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer, you will get sunburnt.
→_______________________________ the sunlight for a long time in summer, you will get sunburnt.
Given that
Exposing yourself to/Exposed to
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．prior adj.先前的；较早的
(单句语法填空/替换黑体词汇/完成句子)
①Planning is a very important step prior to _________ (write)．
②Women are more likely to give ___________(prior) to child care and education policies.
writing
priority
③I was unable to attend the meeting because of an early engagement.
____________
④Fire engines and ambulances __________________other traffic in passing.
消防车和救护车在通过时优先于其他交通工具。
a prior
have priority over
系统归纳 (1)be prior to 在……之前，先于……
(2)priority n. 优先；优先权；首要事情
give priority to 优先考虑
have priority over 优先于
微点提醒 prior to中的to是介词，后须接名词或动名词。类似用法的短语还有：be devoted to; be accustomed to; be used to; be harmful to; be vital to等。
2．as well as既……又……；除……之外(也)；此外
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Our English teacher as well as we students _______(make) good use of the gymnasium to do sports after class every day.
②One of the activities is the English Corner every other week, aiming to improve our spoken English, as well as __________(make) a lot of friends.
makes
making
③As is known to us, smartphones have become an important part in our daily life, which we use to chat, to surf the Internet ___________________
_____________.
众所周知，智能手机已成为我们日常生活中重要的一部分。我们用手机聊天、上网还有娱乐。
as well as entertain
ourselves
系统归纳 (1)as well as用来连接两个并列成分，后接动词时多用v.-ing形式。
(2)当 as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数方面保持一致，即语法一致原则。
(3)as well常用于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。
微点提醒 遵循语法一致原则连接两个主语的连词或短语还有：along with, with, together with, except, besides, including, followed by等。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
复习状语从句
1．单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)__________ you ride a bicycle, you don't use petrol.
②It'll be two years ________the process is completed.
③______ time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.
When
before
As
④You should make it a rule to leave things ________you can find them again.
⑤By the time you came back, I _______________(finish) this book.
⑥I will not go with you _____________ I finish my homework.
where
had finished
until/till
2．句型转换
①She had hardly fallen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.
→__________________________ when a knock at the door woke her up.
②It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice.
→It was _________________________I saw it twice.
Hardly had she fallen asleep
so interesting a film that
③They started early in order to arrive in time.
→They started early______________________________________.
④Though/Although/While he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
→________________________, he knew what was the right thing to do.
so that they would arrive in time
Child as/though he was
3．完成句子
①It is three years___________________.
他在这儿住有三年了。
②___________________________________, we can often go swimming.
既然我们住得离海近，我们可以经常去游泳。
since he lived here
Since/Now that we live near the sea
③Jim says we can stay in his house________________________________.
吉姆说只要我们保持房子干净整洁，我们就可以待在他的房子里。
④Today I saw the ancient Roman City of Pompeii_____________________.
今天我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它跟两千年前一模一样。
as long as we leave it clean and tidy
as it was 2,000 years ago
[谨记规则]
1．时间状语从句常由when, while, as, before, after, since, until/till, as soon as, no sooner ...than ..., hardly ...when, the moment, every time, immediately等引导。
2．地点状语从句常由连接副词where, wherever引导。地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。
3．原因状语从句常由because, as, since, now that等引导。
4．条件状语从句常由if, unless, as/so long as, in case (that), on condition that, suppose/supposing (that), provided/providing (that)等引导。
5．结果状语从句常由so ...that, such ...that, so that等引导。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。
6．目的状语从句常由so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等引导。
7．方式状语从句常由as, as if, as though等引导，一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。
8．比较状语从句常由as ...as; than; the ＋比较级 ..., the ＋比较级 ...等引导。
9．让步状语从句常由although, though, while, as, even if, even though, however, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whether ...or ..., no matter (who, what, etc.)等引导。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．strengthen v．加强
常见考法 (1)strength n． [U]力量；力气；
[C]长处；优势；优点
strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势
build up one's strength/body 增强体质
have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气
with all one's strength 竭尽全力
(2)strong adj. 强壮的；坚强的
升维考法 strength作“力气，力量”讲时为不可数名词，作“优点”讲时，是可数名词，常以复数形式出现。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He pushed against the rock _____ all his strength but in vain.
②(2022·全国乙卷)______________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media ...
③Taking exercise not only keeps the students amused, but also ___________
_______________.
做运动不仅能娱乐学生，而且能增强他们的体质。
with
To strengthen
builds up
their strength
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
④As a good teacher, you should know your students' ____________(strength) and weaknesses.
⑤_______________________ is that it is interesting and instructive.
这本书的优点是它既有趣又有教育意义。
strengths
The strength of the book
2．coverage n．覆盖范围
常见考法 cover v． 覆盖；遮盖
n. 封面，封皮；覆盖物；躲避处
cover ...with ... 用……覆盖……
be covered with/by 被……覆盖
cover an area of ... 占地……
cover the cost of ... 足够支付……的费用
升维考法 (1)cover一词多义，它的动词意义还有“包括；涉及；采访，报道；行走(一段路程)；足够支付”。
(2)cover报道的对象是事，后面跟表示事件的名词作宾语；而interview采访的对象是人，后面跟表示人的名词作宾语。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Further up, the weather changes — low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered ___________ thick grass.
②The measures include tight control of media __________(cover)．
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) __________(cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
with/by
coverage
Covering
④I need to obtain a part-time job because my mother's income cannot
______________________________.
我需要找一份兼职工作，因为我妈妈的收入不够付我的学费。
cover the cost of my school fees
?细练升维考法(写出下列句中cover的含义)
⑤The books whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us. ___________
⑥During the summer camp, the children will be instructed by the teacher to cover 30 miles a day. _________
⑦During the Olympic Games, journalists from all over the world came to cover the events. ________
封面，封皮
行走
报道
3．bring ...to life使……更生动，使……更有趣
常见考法 live/lead a ...life 过着……的生活
come to life 变得更有趣(或使人兴奋);变得活跃；开始动起来
bring ...back to life 使复活；给……以活力
come back to life 复活；苏醒过来
devote one's life to ... 献身于；致力于 (to是介词)
make a life 生活，习惯于新的生活方式
risk one's life 某人冒着生命危险
升维考法 bring ...(back) to life是及物动词短语；come to life为不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，一般不用于进行时。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He devoted his whole life to ___________ (run) school.
②They come back ___ life when exposed to freshwater.
③You make a living by what you get, but you ___________by what you give.
你靠得到的来谋生，但是你的付出造就了你的一生。
④I wish you will __________________________in high school.
我希望你的高中生活丰富多彩。
running
to
make a life
live a rich and colorful life
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
⑤He gave his life ________ (save) the Tibetan antelope.
⑥After the earthquake, the villagers tried their best to __________________
___________.
地震后，村民们尽最大努力使村庄恢复生机。
⑦The moment we've learned that an art exhibition is to be held and that you're collecting suggestions on its location, we all_________________.
一得知要举办艺术展和你们就展出场所征集意见，我们都积极活跃起来。
to save
bring the village
back to life
come to life
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．given that 引导条件状语从句
given that在句中可用作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“考虑到”。given可用作介词，表示“考虑到；鉴于”。引导条件状语从句的引导词还有：
①if 如果
②unless 除非，如果不
③so/as long as 只要
④in case 万一
⑤on condition that 在……的条件下
⑥supposing/suppose (that) 假设；假定；设想
⑦provided/providing (that) 如果；假如
⑧assuming (that) ... 假如
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①In view of the bad weather they had no alternative but to put the meeting off.
→____________________________________, they had no alternative but to put the meeting off.
②Considering the different demands of students, the school has adopted a more flexible approach to education.
→____________________________________________, the school has adopted a more flexible approach to education.
Given that the weather was bad
Given that students have different demands
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③考虑到他的年龄，他非常健康强壮了。
_________________, he is very strong and healthy.
④考虑到你还年轻，我原谅你。
_____________________________, I forgive you.
Given his age
Given that you are still young
2．the first time引导时间状语从句
the first time引导时间状语从句，表示“第一次……”。名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：
(1)由time构成的名词词组：each time, every time, the last time, next time, any time等。
(2)the＋瞬间名词：the minute, the instant, the second, the moment等。
(3)the＋时间名词：the day/week/year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter等。
注意：
①此类名词词组可单独引导时间状语从句，因此后面不再用when。
②这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，从句中用一般现在时态代替将来时态。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①When I heard the plan you put forward for the first time, I felt very excited.
→_____________________________________________, I felt very excited.
②Be careful! The machine starts immediately when you press the button.
→Be careful! The machine starts __________________________________
_________________.
The first time I heard the plan you put forward
the moment/second/instant/minute you
press the button
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③我记得上次你参观我们学校时给我看了一些有关那个主题的照片。
I remember you showed me some photos on that theme ______________
__________________.
④每次我读到《青年报》的文章，都会被感人的故事所触动，并从令人激动的新闻中获得快乐。
_________________________________, I get touched by inspiring stories and gain happiness from exciting news.
the last time you
visited our school
Every time I read articles in Youth
2021·全国甲卷·阅读理解D篇
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius.His face is almost the international symbol for genius.But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin.Perhaps this is not a surprise.It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club — women, or people of a different color or belief — they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news.In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过去人们对天才的定义标准存在着诸如性别、种族和信仰等歧视，随着越来越多来自各地的天才为人所知，人们对天才的固有认知将被打破。
1．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.
C．They're objective. D．They're strict.
答案:A
解析：观点态度题。根据第三段最后一句可知，当女性、有色人种、持不同信仰的人对社会做出贡献后，他们得不到认可并受到排斥。作者认为那些“胜利者”对于进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的。
2．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They look up to great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
答案:D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可推测，女孩很可能受到整个社会信念的影响。act on意为“依据……行事”。
3．Why are more geniuses known to the public
A．Improved global communication.
B．Less discrimination against women.
C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D．Changes in people's social positions.
答案:A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，如今越来越多的天才为公众所知，是由于网络的发展，全球通信交流得到改善。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Geniuses Think Alike
B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence
D．Genius and Luck
答案:B
解析：标题归纳题。根据最后一段第三句可知，作者认为性别、种族、阶层这些外在社会因素不是天才出现的决定性因素。同时综合全文可知，本文旨在告诉人们，天才没有唯一的外在标准或“规格”，拥有智慧、创造力、毅力，并能改变世界的人就是天才。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
观点态度题的思维建模(第1题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：明要求 根据题干确定问的是谁对什么的态度 提炼题干关键信息the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club, 可以确定问的是：对于加入天才俱乐部的胜利者的标准，作者有什么看法？
第二步：抓关键 作者观点和文章主旨关系密切，同时关注引述性语言的态度倾向 由第三段最后一句可知，当女性、有色人种、持不同信仰的人对社会做出贡献后，他们得不到认可并受到排斥。
第三步：定选项 对文章信息综合分析，客观推断人物态度 第三段前两句提到欧洲血统的人被赞誉为“天才”理所当然(not a surprise)，与该段最后一句话形成对比，可以推知作者认为那些“胜利者”对于进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的。故选A。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. ______________
②(熟词生义)But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature
of genius itself. ___________
陈述；说明
本质
③(一词多义)Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us？ ______________
④(熟词生义)In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.
________________________
余下的人
把……放在适当的位置
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①go beyond _______________
②of European origin ______________
③set the standards for __________________
④make contributions _______________
超出；超越
有欧洲血统的
为……制定标准
做出贡献
⑤even worse ______________
⑥act on _______________________
⑦afford to do sth. __________________
⑧give up _________
更糟糕的是
根据(建议、信息等)行事
承担得起做某事
放弃
三、寻结构破长句
1．It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.
抓标志：连接词________；并列连词_______
判类型：复合句(含有一个主语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：________，历史是由胜利者书写的，并且那些胜利者为天才俱乐部设立了准入标准。
that
and
据说
2．A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender are “really, really smart.”
抓标志：连接词___________
判类型：主句(含有分词短语作定语)＋宾语从句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：《科学》杂志______________一项研究发现，在6岁时，女孩比男孩更不可能说自己性别的成员“非常非常聪明。”
that; that
最近发表的
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us
赏析：句子用强调句型的特殊疑问句形式(特殊疑问词＋is/was it that/who ...)提出设问，突出了文章的核心内容——天才比我们其他人优秀的原因是什么。给人以深刻印象，启发读者的思考。
[对点练——完成句子/句型转换]
①________________ they managed to finish the work in such a short time
他们究竟是怎样在如此短的时间设法完成工作的？
②Your creative talents can also be put to good use, if you can work up the energy.(用强调句型的特殊疑问句对加黑部分提问)
→______________________________________________________
How was it that
How is it that your creative talents can also be put to good use
2．(赏用词之美)But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself.
赏析：作者运用go beyond(超越), explore(探索), nature(本质)准确有力地表达了我们将不局限于某一个人去探索天才本身的本质，而人们对天才的固有认知将被打破。
3．(赏意境之美)As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
赏析：什么是天才的特质？拥有智慧、创造力、毅力和简单的好运气，能够改变世界。一句话简洁概括了天才的特质，给人以深刻印象。
4．(赏修辞之美)Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
赏析：作者采用设问的手法先提出问题，然后自己回答：absolutely not(绝对不会)，否定了不公平的天才标准，引起读者思考和重视，让读者更深入地领会主题。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共97张PPT)
UNIT 4 Everyday economics
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．blank adj. 无表情的，木然的
2．dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的
3．sunrise n. 日出(时分)；黎明；拂晓
4．bug n. 突然的兴趣，迷恋
5．phase n. 阶段，时期
6．bonus n. 奖金；红利
7．estate n. 庄园
8．mild adj. 不浓烈的，淡的
9．exceed v. 超过，超出
10．hire v. (短期的)租用，租借
11．abuse n. 滥用
12．theft n. 偷窃，偷盗
13．purse n. (女式)钱包
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．forehead n. 额，前额
2．chairwoman n. 女主席；女会长
3．potential n. (事物的)潜力，可能性
4．enterprising adj. 有创业精神的；有事业心的；
有进取心的
5．obstacle n. 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
6．manufacturer n. 制造商；制造公司，制造厂
7．cosmetics n. 化妆品，美容品
8．purchase v. 购买
9．entrepreneurial adj. 创业的，具有创业精神的
10．equator n. 赤道
11．superior adj. 质量上乘的，优质的
12．calorie n. 卡(路里)
13．freshman n. (高中或大学的)一年级学生
14．afloat adj. 经济上周转得开的；不欠债的
15．rational adj. (想法、决定等)合理的，基于理性的
16．automatically adv. 自动地
17．toddler n. 学步的儿童，刚学走路的小孩
18．thereby adv. 因此，由此
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．input n．投入(物)→(反义词)__________ n. 输出，输出量；产量
2．distribute v．分销；分配，分发→_______________ n．(商品的)分销，经销→____________ n．经销商；分销商
3．guide n．指导，向导，导游v.指引，指导→__________ n．指导，引导
4．consult v．咨询；请教；商量→______________ n．顾问
output
distribution
distributor
guidance
consultant
5．convention n．大会；惯例；协定；习俗→______________ adj.传统的，
常规的
6．discriminate v．不公正地区别对待，歧视→________________ n．歧视
7．subjective adj.主观的→(反义词)__________ adj.客观的
8．interfere v．介入；干涉→______________ n．干扰；介入；干涉
9．finance n．财政，财务；金融→________ adj.财政的，金融的；财务的
conventional
discrimination
objective
interference
financial
10．accumulate v．积累，积聚→_______________ n．积聚，积累
11．sorrow n．令人悲伤的事，不幸→___________ adj.悲伤的，悲痛的
12．frustrate v．使懊丧；使懊恼；使沮丧→_____________ n．懊丧，懊恼，沮丧
13．supervise v．监督；管理；指导→_____________ n. 监督；管理
14．expense n．费用，花费→______________ adj.昂贵的；花钱多的
accumulation
sorrowful
frustration
supervision
expensive
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.“合成”名词多积累
①sunrise 日出
②pickpocket 扒手
③daybreak 破晓
④breakthrough 突破
⑤bathroom 浴室
⑥webpage 网页
2.crime相关词联想记
①theft n． 偷窃
②robbery n. 抢劫
③kidnap n. 绑架
④murder n. 谋杀
⑤corruption n. 贪污
⑥cheating n. 作弊
3.“观点、态度”类形容词会表达
①positive 积极的
②negative 消极的
③active 主动的
④passive 被动的
⑤subjective 主观的
⑥objective 客观的
⑦neutral 中立的
⑧critical 批评的
⑨doubtful 怀疑的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1．________________ 使收支仅能相抵
2．______________ 妨碍，阻止
3．______________ 陷入债务之中，负债
4．___________ 出租(房屋、房间、土地等)
5．________________ 以损害……为代价
make ends meet
interfere with
go into debt
rent out
at the expense of
6．_________________ 这是常有的事
7．________________ 受影响；受支配
8．__________________ 深呼吸
9．______________ 喜欢
10．________________ 最终成为；最后处于
as is often the case
be subject to
take a deep breath
be fond of
end up doing
11．________ 关于；至于
12．__________ 开始从事，着手(某工作)
13．____________ 回答；答复
14．____________________ 利用
as to
start out
response to
take advantage of
[联想串记]
1.“debt”相关短语展示
be in heavy debt＝be deep in debt 负债累累
in debt to sb.＝ in sb.'s debt 欠某人的人情/债
be/get out of debt 摆脱债务
get into debt 负债
pay off debt 还清债务
owe sb. a debt 欠某人一笔债
2.“be＋adj.＋of”短语聚焦
be fond of 喜欢；喜爱
be/get tired of 对……厌烦
be proud of 为……而自豪
be afraid of 害怕……
be aware of 意识到……
be short of 短缺……
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．独立主格结构作状语
教材原句 They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next.
他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。
推荐佳句 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作) So delighted was she that she hugged the twins tightly, tears of joy welling up in her eyes.
她太高兴了，紧紧地抱着双胞胎，高兴的泪水夺眶而出。
② The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
男孩仰面躺着，双手交叉放在头下。
续表
2．find＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句 A few, like Zhang Yue, find themselves lucky enough to get investment and the all-important input and support from more experienced business people.
但包括张悦在内的少数人会非常幸运地获得投资，并从更有经验的商界人士那里获得非常关键的投入和支持。
推荐佳句 ①(新教材北师大版必修3佳句) If you find your inner voice difficult to control, you can argue with it as most active learners do.
如果你发现内心的声音难以控制，可以像大多数主动学习者那样和它争论。
②(新教材人教版必修2佳句)At age 50, she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.
50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
精彩结尾之哲理结尾
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. He looked back at me and I responded with a bright smile. With the cheers of everyone present, the competition began. At first, students from other schools whispered and pointed at him. But as time went by, they were overcome by his tough spirit. David finally finished the running, gasping for breath. Despite the last one to reach the finish line, he still earned him admiration and thunderous applause. Everyone is like a flower, some having fragrance, but some not. As long as you bloom, there will be bees and butterflies.
我看着大卫和其他赛跑者一起走向起跑线。他回过头来看着我，我回以一个灿烂的微笑。比赛在在场的每个人的欢呼声中开始了。一开始，其他学校的学生低声对他指指点点。但随着时间的推移，他们被他坚强的精神征服了。大卫终于上气不接下气地跑完了全程。尽管他是最后一个到达终点的人，但是他仍然赢得了人们的钦佩和雷鸣般的掌声。人就像花朵，有的有香味，有的没有。只要你盛开，自有蜂蝶来。
[点评] 本段使用了“As long as you bloom, there will be bees and butterflies.(只要你盛开，自有蜂蝶来。)”这一句蕴含深刻哲理的句子结尾，总结全文，升华主旨，并给读者以启发，起到“言已尽而意无穷”的效果，使文章的中心更突出。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．She reached out to touch her son's __________(前额).
2．It's cheaper for you to _______ (租用) a flat when you stay in Europe.
3．He always feels _________ (头晕目眩的) when he climbs to a high place.
4．“How much do I owe you？” she asked, reaching into her _______(钱包).
5．Viewed from the top of Mount Tai, the ___________ (日出) was indeed a spectacle.
forehead
hire
dizzy
purse
sunrise
6．She gave the officer a _____(无表情的) stare and shrugged her shoulders.
7．The poor eyesight is becoming more and more an ________(障碍) to our future.
8．If you think your idea has the __________(潜力), seize on it immediately.
9．The police are investigating the _____(盗窃)of computers from the company's offices.
10．We must make the most efficient use of the available ___________(财政的) resources.
blank
obstacle
potential
theft
financial
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The house is so ____________(expense) that I can't afford it.
2．Who will be in charge of the ______________(distribute) of food and clothing to the flood victims
3．With a ___________(sorrow) sigh she folded the letter and put it away.
4．Talents come from diligence，and knowledge is gained by ____________
(accumulate)．
expensive
distribution
sorrowful
accumulation
5．Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior ____any other candidate.
6．Thanks to your __________(guide), now I can manage my company very well.
7．Thank you so much for having been our ___________(consult) for such a long time.
to
guidance
consultant
8．Disappointed and ____________(frustrate), the poor man made his way back to his family.
9. Many students don't want to live and study ___________their parents' supervision.
10. He had copies of the book printed _____ his own expense.
frustrated
under
at
Ⅲ.选词填空
make ends meet， be fond of， interfere with， take a deep breath， end up， take advantage of， at the expense of， rent out， as to
1．Nothing will _________________ our friendship, of course.
2．I would like to ______________________this chance to express my thanks for your help.
3．To make the movement easier I tried to _________________of fresh air.
interfere with
take advantage of
take a deep breath
5．If you don't know what you want, you might ________getting something you don't want.
6．I have scarcely enough money to _________________at the moment, let alone lend you any.
7. We must keep in mind that we shouldn't develop economy _____________
_____environment.
end up
make ends meet
at the expense
of
8. _________the journey, we shall decide about that later.
9. Last summer Brian Williams ___________his house and went camping.
As to
rented out
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)____________________________________ the lotus plants growing in the water.
使河水更漂亮的是长在水里的荷花。
2．(一句多译)Tom overslept this morning, so he was late for work.
→Tom overslept this morning. That is____________________________.
→Tom was late for work. That is_________________________________.
→The reason _________________________is ______________________
_____________.
What make the river more beautiful are
why he was late for work
because he overslept this morning
why Tom was late for work
that he overslept this
morning
3．I heard that she got injured in the accident, and my heart felt full of sorry.
→I heard that she got injured in the accident, my heart____________.(用独立主格结构升级句子)
4．The old man found that his hometown had much been changed.
→The old man found his hometown_________________.(用“find＋宾语＋宾补”升级句子)
full of sorry
much changed
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．potential n．(事物的)潜力，可能性
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①A new technology has the potential __________(change) modern society in radical ways.
to change
②The traffic policeman emphasizes ______________________of disobeying the traffic laws.
交警强调了违反交通规则的潜在危险。
③The school strives to treat students as individuals and to help each one to
___________________________.
学校力图因材施教，并帮助每位学生充分发挥他们的潜能。
the potential danger
achieve their full potential
系统归纳 (1)have the potential to do sth. 有做某事的潜力
achieve one's (full) potential (充分)发挥某人的潜力
(2)the potential danger 潜在的危险
2．distribution n．(商品的)分销，经销
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in which she distributed it _____ children.
②People who approved of the reform urged that education resources (should) be distributed __________the members of society equally.
③Karst in our country______________________, whose existence may adversely affect the construction of railway.
岩溶在我国有着广泛的分布，其存在可能对铁路工程建设产生不良影响。
among
to
has a wide distribution
系统归纳 (1)have a wide distribution 分布广泛
(2)distribute vt. 分销；分配，分发
distribute ...to ... 把……分配给……
distribute ...among ... 在……中分发或分配
微点提醒 (1)distribute的基本意思是“分散，分发，分配”，指将某物分成数份并配给适当的人或单位，也可指将其均衡地分散在某一地区。
(2)distribute的谓语动词可用主动式，但更多的是用被动式；其宾语一般为复数名词或代词。
3．guidance n．指导，引导
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①________ your expert guidance, we have had a better command of English than before.
②If it had not been for your ________(guide), I wouldn't have won the prize.
③_________________________________________, these activities all took place as scheduled.
在一位经验丰富的导师的指导下，这些活动都如期进行。
Under
guidance
Taken under an experienced tutor's guidance
系统归纳 under one's guidance＝under the guidance of sb.在某人的指导下
if it had not been for one's guidance
要不是有某人的指导
take sb./sth. under one's guidance
把某人/某物置于某人的指导之下
微点提醒 (1)guidance 是名词，意为“指导”；guideline是名词，意为“指导方针，指南”。guide作名词时，意为“导游，向导”；guard作名词时，意为“警卫，卫兵”。
(2)guided既可以是guide的过去式和过去分词，同时也是“形容词”，其意为“有指导的，有向导的”。
4.take advantage of利用
(单句语法填空/替换黑体词汇/完成句子)
①Living in a modern society has its advantages and _________________
(advantage)．
②The fact that he didn't speak a foreign language put him _____a distinct disadvantage.
disadvantages
at
③If you can make the most of your time, your learning efficiency will be improved. _________________
④____________________________________________ you can get a high paid job.
学好这项技能的好处是你可以得到一份高收入的工作。
take advantage of
The advantage of learning the skill well is that
系统归纳 at a disadvantage 处于不利地位
to one's advantage 对某人有利；有利于某人
put sb. at a disadvantage 使某人处于不利地位
have the/an advantage of/over sb. 比某人强；胜过/优于某人
The advantage of ...is that ... ……的优点是……
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．引导定语从句的关系词
(单句语法填空)
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species _______live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
that
②(2022·浙江1月高考) Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics ___________are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
③(2021·浙江6月高考) That movie led him into the second half of his career _________his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success.
who/that
where
④(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) In ancient China lived an artist _______paintings were almost lifelike.
⑤The reason ________ he lives far away from his parents hasn't been known to us.
whose
why
2．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The witness ______ whom the policemen referred was killed last night.
②This is the pencil ______ which I draw pictures.
③This is the pilot ___________ my son was saved.
这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。
④I'll never forget the day __________ I joined the army.
我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。
to
with
by whom
on which
3．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2022·全国甲卷) On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
②(2022·全国乙卷) They often run at high speeds, _________may put our lives in danger.
who
which
③_________________________________, smoking is harmful to health.
众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
④He finished the task ahead of time,________________________________.
他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。
As we all know/As is known to us all
which is very important to us
[谨记规则]
1．关系代词who，whom，which，that和as在从句中可作主语或宾语。
2．关系代词whose在从句中作定语，表示所属关系。
3．关系副词why，where，when在从句中分别作原因、地点和时间状语。
4．必须用that引导定语从句的情况：先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等，或既有人又有物时；先行词被序数词或形容词最高级或不定代词如all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等或the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。
5．非限制性定语从句关系词的前面一定有逗号隔开，而限制性定语从句没有。关系词that和why通常不用于非限制性定语从句；在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．consultant n．顾问；咨询者；会诊医生
常见考法 consult v． 咨询；请教；商议；商量；查阅；查询
consult a dictionary 查词典
consult sb. about/on sth. 向某人咨询/与某人商量某事
consult with sb. about/on sth.
与某人商量某事；向某人咨询某事
升维考法 咨询、协商某事要用介词“about/on”。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The ____________(consult) have been working to finish a report this week.
②The doctor consulted _______his colleagues __________the operation on the patient.
③You'd better not ______________________every time you come across a new word.
你最好不要每次遇到生词就查词典。
consultants
with
about/on
consult a dictionary
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/句式升级)
④Kevin consulted his teacher ___________whether he should study abroad after graduation.
⑤After I had consulted my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Shanghai.
→________________________________________, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Shanghai. (用省略句升级)
about/on
After consulting my railway timetable
2．expense n．费用，花费
常见考法 at the expense of 以……为代价
at sb.'s expense 由某人付钱，由某人负担费用
spare no expense 不惜费用；不惜代价
升维考法 at a cost of ...意为“以……的价格”，其后常跟钱数；at the cost/expense of ...意为“以……为代价”，其后常跟生命、时间、精力等。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①If there should be something wrong with it while it is still under guarantee, we would repair it ____ our expense.
②The company appears to have _________________in designing and building the new shoe store.
公司似乎已不惜工本地设计和建造这家新鞋店。
③He built up a successful business but it was all done __________________
__________.
他创建的企业很成功，但这一切却以损害他的健康为代价。
at
spared no expense
at the expense of his
health
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
④Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the fact that we shouldn't develop economy ________________________the environment.
现在越来越多的人意识到我们不应该以牺牲环境作为代价来发展经济这一事实。
⑤He has just built a new house for his family _________________￡ 10,000.
他刚为他的家庭盖了一座新房子，耗资1万英镑。
at the expense/cost of
at a cost of
3．make ends meet 使收支仅能相抵
常见考法 at an end 结束；终结
at the end of 在……的末端；在……结束时
by the end of 到……为止
in the end 最后，终于
come to an end 结束
bring sth. to an end (使)结束；终结
put an end to (使)结束；终结
升维考法 (1)make ends meet短语中的end必须使用复数形式。
(2)by the end of “到……为止”，常与完成时连用；in the end “最后，终于”，常与过去时连用。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①(2022·浙江1月高考) The world won't come to _____end in most cases just because you left a few things undone.
②When the meeting was ____ an end, they all rose to their feet and left.
③It is high time that we should put an end ____ this discussion.
an
at
to
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空)
④They can barely make _______(end) meet because their retirement income has vanished with the stock market.
⑤Our new school library is under construction and it ___________________
______________ (complete) by the end of next year.
ends
will have been
completed
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
独立主格结构作状语
独立主格结构的常用句型：
（1）名词 词组 /代词＋现在分词 表示主动关系
（2）名词 词组 /代词＋过去分词 表示被动关系
（3）名词 词组 /代词＋不定式 表示将来的动作
（4）名词 词组 /代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
注意：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
②它在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，与with复合结构的作用相同。
③独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.
→____________________, we shall go there on foot.
②After Mary came back, they discussed it together.
→____________________, they discussed it together.
Mary coming back
③Class was over. Ms Liu advised me to catch up with the others by practicing more.
→_____________, Ms Liu advised me to catch up with the others by practicing more.
Class over
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
④当我们拥抱着露丝道别时，她对我说再见，眼含泪水。
As we hugged Ruth goodbye, she said goodbye to me, _________________
________.
⑤她的眼镜坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。
______________________, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
tears shining in her
eyes
Her glasses broken
2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国政府通过对软饮料征收糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，并将该收入用于学校的体育设施和更健康的
饮食。
1．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools.
B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children's health.
D．To encourage research in education.
答案:C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“..., was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It ... are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.”可知，征收糖税是为了帮助减少儿童肥胖。现在的儿童和青少年因摄入的糖分过多，使得他们患病的风险更高。
2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products' sugar content.
答案:D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.”可知，在商店里销售的超过一半的软饮料被制造商降低了含糖量，这样他们就可以避免缴税。
3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks.
C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke.
答案:D
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.” 可知，一些高糖品牌，如经典的可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并且因害怕会使消费者不快而拒绝改变。由此可知，糖税是从经典的可口可乐征收的。
4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short-sighted decision.
B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets customers.
答案:B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，今天的数字显示了糖税对体育设施和学校的健康饮食的积极影响。帮助下一代拥有一个健康且积极的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥其作用。由此可推断，采取糖税政策是一个成功的例子。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. _______
②(一词多义)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. ________
含量
指控
③(一词多义)Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools. ________
④(熟词生义)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. ______________
数字
吃；喝；饮
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①bring in ________
②apply to ________
③put sb. at a risk of ________________________
④at present _____________
⑤as a result of ____________
赚得
应用于
使某人处于……的风险中
目前；现在
因为；由于
⑥depend on ___________
⑦for fear of ______________
⑧free of ____________
⑨of great importance ______________
⑩play one's part ___________
取决于
以免；唯恐
无……的
有着重要意义
起作用
三、寻结构破长句
1．It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.
抓标志：从属连词_______；并列连词_____
判类型：复合句(含有一个时间状语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：在此之前，超过一半的商店出售的软饮料被制造商降低了含糖量，________________。
after
so
以避免交税
2．Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
抓标志：并列连词(第二个)_________
判类型：简单句(含有动名词短语作主语)＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：_________________________________________________，该行业正在发挥其作用。
and
帮助下一代拥有一个健康和积极的童年是非常重要的
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
赏析：句中倍数表达法three times the recommended level of(三倍于推荐量)和分词短语作结果状语putting ... at a higher risk of(使……处于……的更高风险中)，使读者对当今儿童和青少年因摄入过多的糖分以至于面临高的患病风险这一现状产生很大的忧虑。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①It can not only help us reduce our stress level but also increase our confidence, _________(lead)to success in areas like school and work.
②As a rough estimate, Nigeria is __________________________the country.
粗略估计，尼日利亚是这个国家的三倍大。
leading
three times the size of
2．(赏衔接之美)Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
赏析：句中两个时间标志词initially(最初)和at present(目前)描述了糖税每年将为财政部带来的收入的预期和现状；转折副词however的使用强调了糖税的进展没有达到预期。行文自然，衔接紧密。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共104张PPT)
UNIT 5 Into the unknown
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．canal n． 运河
2．ruin n. 残垣断壁，废墟
3．subdue v. 克制，抑制(情绪)
4．delve v. 探索，探究
5．shrink v. 退缩，畏缩
6．coral n. 珊瑚
7．upwards adv. 向上，朝上
8．trench n. 海沟
9．stack v. (使)整齐地堆起；摞起
10．furthermore adv. 此外；而且；不仅如此
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．intrigue v. 激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
2．pyramid n. 金字塔
3．cyclone n. 气旋；旋风
4．megadrought n. 超级干旱
5．downfall n. 衰败
6．getaway n. 逃跑，逃走
7．retreat v. 后退；离开；退避
8．uncharted adj. 地图上没有标明的
9．shipwreck n. 失事的船；沉船
10．millimetre n. 毫米
11．barreleye n. 管眼鱼
12．equivalent adj. 等同的；等值的；相当的
13．substance n. 物质
14．vessel n. 船；舰
15．vol(＝volume) n. (书的)卷，册
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．civil adj.公民的；平民的→___________ v．使文明；教化；开化→_______________ n．文明(社会)
2．bury v．将……埋在下面→_______ adj. 埋葬的；埋藏的→_________ n．埋葬；葬礼
3．astronomy n．天文学→_______________ adj.天文的，天文学的→_______________ n. 天文学家
civilise
civilisation
buried
burial
astronomical
astronomer
4．tropic n．热带(地区)；回归线→________ adj.来自热带的；产于热带的
5．abandon v．离弃，逃离→_____________ adj. 放纵的；被离弃的；
被遗弃的
6．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定→_____________n．不予考虑；摒弃；解雇
7．expand v．扩大；增加；扩展；详述→______________ n．扩大；增加
tropical
abandoned
dismissal
expansion
8．investigate v．调查；研究→_________________ n．调查
9．archaeology n．考古学→___________________ adj.考古学的；考古的→______________ n. 考古学家
10．notable adj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→_____________ adv.显著地；尤其，特别
11．drill v．钻(孔)；训练→____________ n．钻探；勘探
investigation
archaeological
archaeologist
notably
drilling
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.各种“损害”多留意
①ruin 毁坏，破坏
②destroy 破坏，毁灭
③damage 损害，损坏
④harm 损害，危害
⑤injure 损害，使受伤
⑥hurt 损害，使疼痛
2.“伸缩大小”要有度
①extend 延伸；伸出
②increase 增加，增长
③enlarge 扩大；放大
④expand 扩大；膨胀
⑤shrink 退缩，畏缩
⑥decrease 减少，降低
⑦reduce 减少，缩小
3.“再者”过渡词来聚会
①furthermore 此外，而且
②moreover 再者，此外
③besides 况且，再说
④in addition 另外，此外
⑤what's more 更重要的是
二、背词块—丰富表达
1．______________ (因无人照料而)衰落，败落
2．________________ 逃跑，逃走
3．_________________ 逃命
4．_______________ 调查，检查；结账离开
fall into ruin
make a getaway
run for one's life
check out
5．________________ 试水，试探
6．_______________ 避开……；从……处脱身
7．_______ 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途
8．___________________ 积极投入到……中去
9．___________ 再三考虑，慎重考虑
test the waters
steer clear of
set out
throw oneself into
think twice
10．____________ 避免做，不愿做
11．___________ 调查(问题)
12．___________________ 超过……能力之外；无法达到
13．________________ 保持纪录
14．_______________ 在……中起作用
shrink from
look into
beyond the reach of
hold a record
play a part in
[联想串记]
1.各种“逃”
make a getaway 逃跑，逃走
run for one's life 逃命
break away 脱离；逃脱
escape from 从……逃离
run away 逃离；逃避
2.多样的“考虑”
think twice 再三考虑，慎重考虑
on second thoughts 经重新考虑
take ... into account/consideration 把……考虑在内
on reflection 经再三考虑
3.“look＋prep.”短语一览
look into 调查，向……里看
look back 回忆，回顾
look around 环视
look out 注意察看，留心
look up 查阅；抬头看
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．介词短语位于句首的完全倒装句
教材原句 On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system.
除此之外，还有一项当时美洲独有的成就：一个真正的文字系统。
推荐佳句 ①(新教材译林版必修3佳句)Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.
往上是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。
②(新教材北师大版选择性必修4佳句)In one corner was the bed, a high, old-fashioned one of dark wood.
角落里有一张床，一张高高的老式深色木床。
续表
2．数词＋such＋名词
教材原句 One such find is the ancient Roman city of Ne?polis, discovered off the coast of Tunisia.
其中之一便是在突尼斯近海发现的古罗马城市奈阿波利斯。
推荐佳句 ①(新教材译林版选择性必修1佳句)Such is its worth that several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll.
其价值之高，以至后世有多位皇帝令当时最有才华的画家加以临摹。
② Such is the influence of Internet that it can make a person famous overnight.
这就是互联网的影响，它可以使人一夜成名。
3．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句
教材原句 Furthermore, the oceans are a valuable source of natural resources, some of which are completely new to us.
此外，海洋还包含着珍贵的自然资源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。
推荐佳句 ①(新教材人教版选择性必修1佳句)Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
随后，该药物试用于疟疾患者，其中大多数人康复了。
②Here are some problems put up at the meeting, most of which are about education and health care.
会议上提出了一些问题，大部分都是关于教育和医疗的。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
精彩结尾之自然结尾
As the gun shot, David ran as fast as he could like a wild horse running in the field. In the first round, David fell behind others about 5 meters. But bathed in a competitive atmosphere, he was in high spirits and felt a sudden strength inside him. In the last 50 meters, seeing David try his best to rush for the finishing line, I was nervous and had my heart in my mouth. When the host announced that David won the third prize, he was wild with delight, waving to me with joy and sweetness.
随着枪声一响，大卫就拼命地跑，就像一匹在田野里奔跑的野马。在第一轮比赛中，大卫落后其他人约5米。但沐浴在竞争的气氛中，他的精神高涨，感到内心突然有了力量。在最后50米，看到大卫竭尽全力冲向终点线，我很紧张，心都提到嗓子眼儿了。当主持人宣布大卫获得三等奖时，他欣喜若狂，满心欢喜地向我挥手。
[点评] 本段使用了“When the host announced ... with joy and sweetness.”结尾，符合比赛场景中参赛者在跑完比赛后，得到自己的名次时，自然流露出欣喜、兴奋和激动的表情。这种自然结尾方式单纯明快、朴素无华，但回味无穷，给读者留有思考的空间。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They __________ (撤退) from the flood to the top of a hill.
2．Right after the Second World War, the country was in _________(废墟).
3．Many things about the Great ___________ (金字塔) are still a mystery.
4．Stand with your feet apart and your hands facing _____________(向上).
5. If you give up exercise, your muscles __________ (收缩) and fat increases.
retreated
ruins
Pyramid
shrink
6．A number of ships were trapped in the _________(运河) because of the bad weather.
7．The price is too high, and ______________(此外), the house isn't in a suitable position.
8．The nineteenth century and industrialisation saw the ______________(衰败) of the European silk industry.
9. He was a great leader of the ______(公民的) rights movement in the 1950s.
10. But the problem should not be __________(拒绝考虑) out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers.
canal
furthermore
downfall
civil
dismissed
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This show has several strengths —__________(notable) a strong cast.
2．We find that this kind of ___________(drill) does contribute to our language fluency.
3．The Hurricane Center warns people not to take the threat of _________(tropic) storms lightly.
notably
drilling
tropical
4．If you enjoy history, you will find that New York's Chinatown is rich in history, culture, and ____________ (civilise).
5．First, we should make some ________________(investigate), turn to our teachers and consult some experts.
6．They abandoned ____________(they) in the selfless love and became numb, without planning for their future.
7. ____________(bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.
civilisation
investigation
themselves
Burying
Ⅲ.选词填空
fall into ruin， check out， set out， throw oneself into， think twice， play a part in， look into
1．We headed directly for the airport after we had ___________of the hotel.
2．Everyone should _________________ saving the earth.
3．You must _____________ before you take this step.
4．Many ancient sculptures _______________ in the heavy rain.
checked out
play a part in
think twice
fell into ruin
5．Determined to complete the job on time, they ___________to work immediately.
6．I __________________everything I did, including playing volleyball.
7．They set up a working party to ____________the issue.
set out
look into
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)When she __________________in the last row, she felt very disappointed.
当她看到自己坐在最后一排时，她感到非常失望。
2．(完成句子)I felt much ashamed to _____________________________once again in my work.
我为在工作中再次犯这样愚蠢的错误而感到非常羞愧。
saw her self seated
have made such a stupid mistake
3．(一句多译)篮球是一项如此有趣的运动，以至于全世界的人都参与它。
①Basketball is ___________________________people all over the world play it.(such ...that ...)
②Basketball is __________________________________people all over the world play it.(so ...that ...)
such an interesting game that
so interesting an game that
4．A village, where people still live a peaceful life, lies at the foot of the mountain.
→____________________________________, where people still live a peaceful life.(介词短语位于句首的完全倒装句)
5．(句型转换)The residents here are ethnic Chinese and many of them do not speak English fluently.
→The residents here are ethnic Chinese, _______________do not speak English fluently.
At the foot of the mountain lies a village
many of whom
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定；解雇
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Just dismiss those thoughts ______your mind — they're crazy and not worth thinking about.
from
②________________________________, she climbed higher.
消除了她心中的恐惧，她爬得更高了。
③If anyone violates the rules here, we shall have to _____________________
_______.
如果有人违反了这里的规定，我们将不得不开除他。
Dismissing her fears from her mind
dismiss him from the
post
系统归纳 dismiss sb. from ... 免除某人(尤指雇员)的职务；开除；解雇
dismiss sb./sth.对某人/某事物不予理会或不屑一提
dismiss fears/doubts from one's mind消除某人心中的恐惧/疑虑
2．think twice再三考虑，慎重考虑
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It's time that I got down to thinking ______________my future career.
②To think ___a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.
③____________ before making any important decision, or you may take risks.
做任何重要决定都要三思而后行，否则你就会冒风险。
about/over
up
Think twice
④We all ______________our English teacher, whose humor always makes our class lively and interesting.
我们都高度评价我们的英语老师。他的幽默总是使我们的课堂生动有趣。
think highly of
系统归纳 think back to 回想，追忆
think about 考虑到，关心
think over 仔细考虑，慎重考虑
think highly of 看重，器重，高度评价
think up 想出，发明
think out 认真考虑，仔细盘算
3．look into调查(问题)，向……里看
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①As she got up in the morning and looked _____the mirror, she found her face was firm and young-looking.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I looked _________and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.
into
around
③As I saw the old photo, I always looked _______on the scene where we had met.
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I have faith in you and you will not _______________
______. Instead, everyone will cheer for you when you are running!
我对你有信心，你不会被轻视。相反，当你跑步时，每个人都会为你
加油！
back
be looked down
upon
系统归纳 look ahead (to) 向前看，展望未来，为将来打算
look back (on) 回忆，回顾
look around 环视，四下察看
look down on/upon 轻视，瞧不起
look through 快速查看，浏览
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．主语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①_______ they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.
②_________ struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.
That
What
③_______________ you have missed the wonderful lecture.
真遗憾你错过了这么精彩的演讲。
④______________ the lab building (should) be built next year.
据说实验楼将于明年修建。
It is a pity that
It is said that
2．宾语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①We must find out ______Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
②We promise _________attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
③He has _________________the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
④I shall ______________he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我会确保把他照顾好。
when
whoever
made it clear that
see to it that
3．表语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I'd like to start my own business — that's ______I'd do if I had the money.
②China is developing fast. That's ______I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.
③The thick smog covered the whole city. It was _______________________
________________________.
浓雾覆盖着整座城市。好像把一个巨大的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
what
why
as if a great black blanket
had been thrown over it
4．同位语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I made a promise to myself ______this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
②She asked a question________________________.
她问了发生延误的原因。
③The question __________________________________has not been decided.
这项工作是否值得做的问题还有待定论。
that
why there was a delay
whether the work was worth doing
[谨记规则]
1．从属连词that, whether/if；连接代词what, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever等可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
2. 主语从句一般放在句首，但有时也可用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子的末尾。常见的句型：It＋be＋形容词/名词(短语)/过去分词/不及物动词＋that从句。
3．有些动词(find, make, think, consider, believe等)后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的宾语从句后置。动词hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”“厌恶”的动词以及一些动词短语see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
4．同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。
常见的后跟同位语从句的名词有：advice, conclusion, demand, doubt, fact等。引导同位语从句的连接词有：that, whether, how, where, when, why等。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．bury v．将……埋在下面；埋葬；掩藏
常见考法 bury one's face in hands 某人双手掩面
be buried in thought 陷入沉思
be buried in (doing) sth.＝ bury oneself in (doing) sth. 埋头于(做)某事
升维考法 be buried in (doing) sth.作状语时用buried；bury oneself in (doing) sth.作状语时用burying。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) He buried his head ____his hands, sobbing sadly.
②_________ (bury) in thought, I didn't notice what was happening.
③I shall have to bury __________(I) in my studies if I am to pass the exam.
in
Buried
myself
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/句式升级)
④She felt shamed and regretful, __________(bury) her face in her hands.
⑤Because he buried himself in/was buried in his books, he was not aware it was raining outside.
→______________________________, he was not aware it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)
→_____________________，he was not aware it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语)
burying
Burying himself in his books
Buried in his books
2．abandon v．离弃；抛弃；舍弃；逃离；放弃n.放任；放纵
常见考法 (1)abandon (doing) sth. 放弃(做)某事
abandon oneself to ... 沉湎于……；纵情于……
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地
(3)be abandoned to 沉湎于……
升维考法 (1)abandon的过去分词abandoned可用作形容词，意思是“被遗弃的；放纵的”，在句中常用作定语，偶尔也可用作表语或宾语补足语。
(2)abandon oneself to意思是“陷于某种情感或状态中”，介词to之后接名词或动名词作宾语。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/替换黑体词汇)
①Feeling frustrated, I found myself abandoning myself _____ games.
②After careful deliberation, they agreed to abandon ____________(carry) out the project.
③At the party, people sang and danced _______abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.
④They had to desert/give up the chance of climbing further to the top of the mountain because of the extreme weather. _________
to
carrying
with
abandon
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
⑤He owned a farm, which looked almost ___________(abandon)．
⑥He _________________________________when the news came that his wife had been killed in a car accident.
当他妻子丧生车祸的消息传来，他陷入了深深的绝望。
abandoned
abandoned himself to deep despair
3．ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟v.破坏；毁坏
常见考法 fall into ruin (因无人照料而)衰落，败落
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
升维考法 (1)ruin多用于借喻中，指毁坏价值、用途等。它还可作名词，常用于短语中：in ruins “严重受损，破败不堪”。
(2)damage表示不是完全毁坏，损坏部分能修复。damage作名词时，常用于do/cause damage to “对……造成损害”。
(3)destroy指彻底毁坏以致很难修复，其名词是destruction。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in _______(ruin)．
②The whole city lay _____ruins after the earthquake, which made us lie awake all night.
③The old house where he was born has fallen _______ ruin.
ruins
in
into
?细练升维考法
[单句语法填空/选词填空(destroy/damage/ruin)]
④Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _____________
(reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
⑤It rained non-stop for ten days, completely _________(ruin) our holiday.
being reduced
ruining
⑥Many buildings were completely ___________in the earthquake.
⑦Entire village has been washed away and crops have also been________.
⑧Several vehicles were _____________ in the crash happening in thick fog.
destroyed
ruined
damaged
4．set out动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；出发；开始做……；安排；摆放；陈述
常见 考法 set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引起
set about 着手/开始做……
set down 记下，写下
set up 建立；设立；安装好
set aside 将……放在一边；留出；不理会
升维 考法 set out出发；开始做……(后接动词不定式)；set about着手/开始做……(后接名词、动名词)。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set _____ a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP)．
②Some doctors advise setting ______a certain hour each day for relaxation.
③He would always set ______ new ideas that occurred to him.
up
aside
down
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/一句多译)
④After the inspiring lecture, the young workers set _______their work with great enthusiasm.
⑤教职员工和全体学生以极大的热情开始植树。
→The teaching staff and all the students ________________________with great enthusiasm.(set about)
→The teaching staff and all the students ___________________with great enthusiasm.(set out)
about
set about planting trees
set out to plant trees
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
such的用法
(1)such用作限定词，意为“那样的，这样的，如此的”。当它修饰单数名词时，置于不定冠词a, an之前，若名词前有数词或不定代词one, no, all, some, any, few等修饰时，such常置于这些修饰词之后。
(2)such ...as ...“像……这样的……”，as在句中引导定语从句。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①Dalian is a very attractive place so that lots of tourists visit the city every year.
→Dalian is ___________________________lots of tourists visit the city every year.
②He has made great progress so that the teachers are pleased with him.
→He has made _____________________the teachers are pleased with him.
such an attractive place that
such great progress that
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③我从未听过他讲的这些故事。
I never hear _______________he tells.
④记住所有这些变化都来自科技，这是有用的。
It is useful to bear in mind that _______________come from the technology.
such stories as
all such changes
2019·全国卷Ⅲ·完形填空
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March — 1 six months out of the year.
“Of course, we 2 it when the sun is shining，” says Karin Ro, who works for the town's tourism office. “We see the sky is 3 ， but down in the valley it's darker — it's like on a 4 day.”
But that 5 when a system of high-tech 6 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 7 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10 and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam (束) of light onto the town's central 11 ， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 12 ， Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been 13 there and standing there and taking 14 of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally 15 . I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all 16 the sunshine at the same time. 17 ， the new light feels like more than enough for the town's 18 residents.
“It's not very 19 ，” she says, “but it is enough when we are 20 .”
(选用了20个空的完形，不是疏于对高考的把握，而是基于让学生多积词汇的考量)
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了挪威小镇Rjukan一年中将近六个月都无法得到阳光直射，但这种状况在电脑控制的反射板投入使用后得以改善。
1．A.only B．obviously
C．nearly D．precisely
答案:C
解析：根据上文中的“from late September to mid-March”可知，这段时间将近六个月。
2．A.fear B．believe
C．hear D．notice
答案:D
解析：当太阳照耀时，我们就可以注意到(notice)它。句中的“it”指代第一段中的“sunlight”。
3．A.empty B．blue
C．high D．wide
答案:B
解析：天空是蔚蓝色的，但山谷却是比较阴暗的。根据句中的“but”可知，本空填入的词语与“darker”相对应，故blue“蓝色的，蔚蓝色的”符合语境。
4．A.cloudy B．normal
C．different D．warm
答案:A
解析：山谷中天色阴暗，因此像是阴天(cloudy)一般。
5．A.helped B．changed
C．happened D．mattered
答案:B
解析：根据下文内容可知，采用反射板后，小镇的面貌发生了改变(changed)。
6．A.computers B．telescopes
C．mirrors D．cameras
答案:C
解析：根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled”可知答案。
7．A.remembered B．forecasted
C．received D．imagined
答案:C
解析：星期三，Rjukan的居民接收到(received)了他们的第一束冬日阳光。remember“记得”；forecast“预报”；imagine“想象”。
8．A.repair B．risk
C．rest D．use
答案:D
解析：根据语境可知，镇上的居民们能享受到冬日的阳光是因为小镇将引进的高科技反射板投入了使用。put to use“投入使用”为固定搭配。
9．A.forbids B．directs
C．predicts D．follows
答案:B
解析：本空填入的词应与空前的“controlled”在语义上保持一致，故direct“指示，命令，管理”符合语境。forbid“禁止，阻碍”；predict“预言，预告”；follow“跟随”。
10．A.day B．night
C．month D．year
答案:A
解析：因为要反射阳光，肯定是在白天。throughout the day“整个
白天”。
11．A.library B．hall
C．square D．street
答案:C
解析：根据下一段中的“The town square”可知答案为square。
12．A.appeared B．returned
C．faded D．stopped
答案:A
解析：当阳光出现(appeared)时，Rjukan的居民便聚集在广场上。
13．A.driving B．hiding
C．camping D．sitting
答案:D
解析：根据语境可知，人们或坐(sitting)或站，享受阳光。
14．A.pictures B．notes
C．care D．hold
答案:A
解析：由语境再结合四个选项可知，此处指人们相互拍照(take pictures)。take notes of “记录”；take care of “照顾”；take hold of “握住”。
15．A.new B．full
C．flat D．silent
答案:B
解析：由前文可知阳光区域只有600平方米，因此广场上应该挤满(full)了人。
16．A.block B．avoid
C．enjoy D．store
答案:C
解析：由前文可知阳光区域只有600平方米，因此3 500名居民显然不能同时享受(enjoy)到阳光。block“阻塞”；avoid“避免”；store“贮藏”。
17．A.Instead B．However
C．Gradually D．Similarly
答案:B
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示转折关系，应用However。
18．A.nature-loving B．energy-saving
C．weather-beaten D．sun-starved
答案:D
解析：根据上文提到的Rjukan的居民将近六个月都享受不到阳光可知，此处指镇上渴望阳光的居民。
19．A.big B．clear
C．cold D．easy
答案:A
解析：阳光区域只有600平方米，显然不是很大(big)，但居民们彼此分享(sharing)时，它就足够了。
20．A.trying B．waiting
C．watching D．sharing
答案:D
解析：参见上题解析。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
词汇复现题的思维建模(第9题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)But that changed when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks into the valley below. ________
②(熟词生义)The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather. _______
引进
指示
③(一词多义)They reflect a concentrated beam of light onto the town's central square，creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.
_________
反射
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①be situated between ... ________________
②on a cloudy day ____________________________
③a row of _________
④put to use ____________
位于……之间
在一个多云的日子
一排
投入使用
⑤along with _________________
⑥at the same time _____________
⑦feel like __________
⑧more than enough ____________
随着；与……一起
与此同时
感觉像
绰绰有余
三、寻结构破长句
1．But that changed when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks into the valley below.
抓标志：从属连词_______
判类型：主句＋时间状语从句
试翻译：但____________________________________________________
____________________，这种情况发生了变化。
when
当一套高科技的镜子系统被引入将阳光从邻近的山峰反射到
下面的山谷中的时候
2．The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.
抓标志：关系代词________
判类型：主句＋定语从句
试翻译：这些镜子由一台电脑控制，______________________________
_________，在有风的天气关闭。
that
电脑会指示它们在整个白天随着太
阳转动
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)However, the new light feels like more than enough for the town's sun-starved residents.
赏析：短语feel like巧妙地表达了居民的美好感觉；more than enough描绘出虽然阳光照射到的区域不大，但是对当地居民来讲，已经足以让他们高兴不已了。合成词sun-starved形象地描写出了当地居民渴望阳光的心态。
[对点练——单句语法填空/词汇升级]
①Day by day, Kyle started to feel like ____________(draw) more, showing greater passion for it.
②I am very delighted to hear from you and would like to share with you what I did during my lockdown time. __________
drawing
more than
2．(赏意境之美)A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to use.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that directs them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam of light onto the town's central square, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.
赏析：附近山腰上成排的(a row of)反射板，在电脑的控制下随着阳光转动(turn along with the sun)，一束耀眼的阳光(a concentrated beam of light)反射到山谷的中心广场……给当地人带来的不仅仅是阳光，还有更美好的心情和生活。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（五）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共86张PPT)
UNIT 6 Space and beyond
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．notion n． 概念；观点；看法
2．shuttle n. 航天飞机
3．shadow n. 坏影响，阴影
4．scream v. 尖声大叫
5．crew n. 全体机组人员
6．angle v. 斜置
7．galaxy n. 星系
8．cosmic adj. 宇宙的
9．fetch v. (去)拿来
10．muscle n. 肌肉
11．pepper n. 胡椒粉
12．sneeze v. 打喷嚏
13．disc n. 激光唱片；光碟，光盘
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．hazardous adj. 危险的，不安全的
2．excursion n. (有特定目的的)短途出行
3．rekindle v. 重新激起，重新唤起
4．lifelike adj. 生动的，逼真的
5．awesome adj. 很好的，了不起的
6．telescope n. 望远镜
7．conceivably adv. 可以相信地；可想象地
8．subatomic adj. 亚原子的；原子内的
9．particle n. 粒子
10．straightforward adj. 简单的
11．self-discipline n. 自我约束，自律
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．except prep.除……之外 conj.除了；只是→___________ n．例外→____________ adj.异常的，特别的→_______________ adj.平常的
2．tragedy n．悲剧；灾难；不幸→_________ adj.悲剧的；悲痛的；悲惨的→_________ adv.悲惨地，不幸地
3．instant adj.立即的，立刻的 n．瞬间，片刻→____________ adv.立刻，马上→________________ adv.瞬间地
exception
exceptional
unexceptional
tragic
tragically
instantly
instantaneously
4．suspend v．暂停，中止→____________ n．暂停；推迟，延期
5．simulate v．模仿；假装；冒充→_____________ adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→______________ n．(用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器→_____________ n．仿真；模拟；假装
6．submit v．提交→_____________ n．提交；呈递
7．vision n．视力；视野→_________ adj.明显的；看得见的→_________ adj.看不见的→______________ n．看不见(的东西)
suspension
simulated
simulator
simulation
submission
visible
invisible
invisibility
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.“喊叫”声声不绝耳
①scream (因害怕、气愤或激动的)尖叫
②cry 大喊、大叫、呼喊
③shout (用言语发出的愤怒、害怕等的)呼喊
④yell 大喊、大叫、叫嚷
⑤call (唤起注意的)喊声
2.翱翔“太空”记单词
①galaxy n． 银河系
②astronomy n. 天文学
③astronomer n. 天文学家
④astronaut n. 宇航员
⑤gravity n. 地球引力
⑥planet n. 行星
⑦orbit n. 轨道
⑧spaceship n. 宇宙飞船
⑨universe n. 宇宙
⑩satellite n. 卫星
solar system 太阳系
launch vt. 发射
3.各种“调料”烹佳肴
①pepper n． 胡椒粉
②salt n. 盐
③vinegar n. 醋
④soy sauce n. 酱油
⑤sugar n. 糖
⑥ starch n. 淀粉
⑦oil n. 油
⑧ butter n. 黄油
⑨chilli n. 辣椒
⑩onion n. 洋葱
ginger n. 姜
garlic n. 蒜
二、背词块—丰富表达
1．__________ 踏上；登上
2．_____________________ 习惯于(做)某事
3．__________________ 给……蒙上阴影
4．_____________________ 明白，了解
5．__________________ 派上用场
set foot on
become accustomed to
cast a shadow on
be/become aware of
come in handy
6．__________ 实施；执行；实行
7．_____________ 关注，集中于
8．______________ 代替；就座
9．_______________________ 提心吊胆
10．________________ 从事；参加
carry out
focus on
take one's place
one's heart in one's mouth
be engaged in
11．________________ 寻找
12．_____________ 在……的边缘
13．___________ 接近；不离,
in the search for
at the edge of
be close to
[联想串记]
1.carry相关短语多棱镜
carry out 实施；执行
carry on 继续；开展
carry through 贯彻到底
carry away 拿走；带走
carry back 使回想起
2.“集中于……”短语全扫描
focus on/upon
concentrate on fix/focus one's attention on/upon ...
be absorbed in
put one's heart into
bury oneself in/be buried in ...
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.
教材原句 24 April 1970：
China launched Dongfanghong Ⅰ， becoming the fifth country to send a satellite into orbit.
1970年4月24日，中国发射了“东方红一号”，成为第五个将卫星送入轨道的国家。
推荐佳句 ①He is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world.
他不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人，也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。
② (新教材人教版必修3佳句)She immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
她随即成为北京协和医院妇产科聘任的第一位女住院医师。
续表
2．so ...that ...引起的倒装句
教材原句 So great was the distance from Earth that it would need to travel for almost six years to reach its destination.
它离地球的距离如此之远，以至于它需要旅行近六年才能到达目的地。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·浙江1月高考)So wonderful were the aesthetic masterpieces that I can still recall the enjoyable time during the China-Ireland Cultural Festival.
这些美学杰作是如此精彩，我至今仍能回忆起“中国—爱尔兰文化节”期间的愉快时光。
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)So patient is she with each student that we all respect her.
她对我们每个学生都如此有耐心，以至于我们都尊敬她。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
精彩结尾之对话结尾
After getting back to our warm home, Joe held my hand tight. He was wet all over, but wrapped a blanket around me first. In a whispering voice, he admitted it was his fault for not doing the housework properly. It didn't make me angry anymore when I thought of Joe's heroic rescue. I also realized that our current life was new to both of us. We had to allow each other the time to get used to it. With this thought, I opened my arms to Joe and said, “Darling, I forgive you.”
回到温暖的家后，乔紧紧握住我的手。他浑身湿透了，但先用毯子裹住了我。他低声承认这是他的错，因为他没有做好家务。当我想到乔的英勇营救时，我再也不生气了。我也意识到我们现在的生活对我们俩来说都是新的。我们必须给对方时间去适应。想到这里，我张开双臂对乔说：“亲爱的，我原谅你。”
[点评] 本段使用了对话式结尾，并伴有相应的动作(opened my arms to Joe)，使画面有声有色，突出了结尾，让读者心中回味无穷。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．People ran for the exits, ___________(尖叫) out in terror.
2．Jack is tough, but always _________________(坦率的) and fair.
3．The _______ (全体机组人员) are of different nationalities and have no common language.
screaming
straightforward
crew
4．The pepper in the food caused me to __________ (打喷嚏).
5．The galloping horses he painted are extremely ________ (逼真的).
6．Exercising at home alone requires a tremendous amount of ___________
(自律).
7．I assumed that being a pilot would be the most _________(了不起的) thing in the whole world.
sneeze
lifelike
self-discipline
awesome
8．Jeremy looked carefully into the __________(望远镜) and he saw many big bright stars.
9. It is ____________ (可信的) that our company will have a bright future.
10．The old house leans to the right at a dangerous _______(角度), so you'd better remove it.
telescope
conceivable
angle
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Since then, Michael has lived ____ unexceptional life.
2．It was so cloudy that the top of the mountain was ___________(visible)．
3．To make the training realistic, the _____________(simulate) operates in real time.
4．Arthur ____________(instant) realized that the young man might be the bank thief.
an
invisible
simulation
instantly
5．All proposals should _________________(submit) to this email address: calta2023@.
6．___________ (tragic), many intelligent and ambitious young people never pursue such a path in their careers.
7. The match had just begun when the heavens opened and play was _______________ (suspense).
8. The bread is freshly baked, which I fetched ______the baker's this morning.
be submitted
Tragically
suspended
from
Ⅲ.选词填空
become accustomed to， be engaged in， carry out， focus on， take
one's place， at the edge of， cast a shadow on
1．______________ a forest stood a big tree.
2．Because she ______________looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.
3．He quickly ______________________the local food.
At the edge of
is engaged in
became accustomed to
4．She was sick, and I was expected to_________________.
5．A good student is one with all his energy _______________ his studies.
6．The doctor found that she was unfit to ___________her normal work.
7. The tragedy _________________their lives, which made them gloomy and depressed.
take her place
focused on
carry out
cast a shadow on
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)By the time he was fourteen years old, __________________
_______________.
到14岁的时候，他就已经自学了数学。
2．(完成句子)_____________________ the wide use of the computer has brought us more convenience in our lives.
毫无疑问，电脑的广泛使用给我们的生活带来了更多的方便。
he had learned maths
all by himself
There is no doubt that
3．(一句多译)屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性。
①Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman_________________________.(定语从句)
②Tu Youyou is the first Chinese woman____________________.(不定式短语作定语)
4．The Great Wall is so splendid that a large number of tourists visit it every day.
→_______________________________ a large number of tourists visit it every day.(用倒装句改写句子)
that has won the Nobel Prize
to win the Nobel Prize
So splendid is the Great Wall that
5．(同义转换)The glass doors have replaced the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day.
→The glass doors _______________________the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day. (take the place of)
→The glass doors ______________________________________at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day. (take one's place)
have taken the place of
have taken the wooden ones' place
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．shadow n．坏影响；阴影
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The sun shone through the leaves, casting/throwing shadows ____the lawn.
on
②This corner of the room is always _____ shadow.
③He is a president living __________________his former president.
他是一个在他的前任的声誉影响中过日子的会长。
in
in the shadow of
系统归纳 cast/throw a shadow on/over 给……蒙上阴影
in shadow 在……的阴影之下；在……的光环下(显得逊色)
in/under the shadow of sb./sth. 被某人的光彩所掩盖；在……近旁
微点提醒 (1)shadow作可数名词时，指“(因光线被挡住而造成的有轮廓的)影子(一个平面)”；也可用作不可数名词，指“阴暗处，背光处，坏影响”。
(2)shade是不可数名词，指“阴凉处(一个立体空间)”，强调避热作用。
2．fetch v．(去)拿来，(去)请来
(单句语法填空/替换加黑词汇)
①Please fetch the bunch of purple flowers _____me and put it here, for purple flowers look more beautiful against a light yellow wall.
②The farmers had to fetch water _______a river which was a mile away from the village.
for
from
③This old craftsman has the skill to fetch ______the beauty of a gem by polishing it.
④We want to solve this problem, and we bring in the hot water drying technique for using the sources better. _________
out
fetch in
系统归纳 fetch sb./sth. (for sb.) 接来(某人)/取来(某物)
fetch in 把……拿进里面，引进
fetch out 把……拿到外面，引出，带出
fetch from 把……从……接(取)来；招来(某人)，引起
微点提醒 (1)bring 意为“带来，取来”，指把某物从别处带到说话处。常用句型 bring sb. sth./bring sth. to someplace。
(2)take意为“带去，拿去”，指把某物从说话处带到别处，与bring所表示的方向相反。常用句型 take sth. to someplace。
(3)carry意为“拿；提；扛”，没有方向性，但有负重的含义。
(4)get/fetch 表示到某地去把某物取来，强调动作的往返。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．情态动词的基本用法
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He has been working all day. He ______ be very tired.
②If you leave within 15 minutes, you ________park your car at the roadside temporarily.
③I can't find my purse. I _______________(leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
must
can/may
might have left
④Passengers ________________________while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road.
当公共汽车开动时，乘客不得与司机交谈，因为这将把他的注意力从路上转移开来。
⑤One of our rules is that every student _______________________________
while at school.
我们的其中一项规定是：每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。
⑥I ______________ my children to come back late. It's too dangerous.
我不会允许我的孩子晚归，那太危险了。
mustn't talk to the driver
should wear school uniform
won't allow
2．情态动词用于虚拟语气
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You __________________(make) full preparations.
②You __________________________________the teachers' office without permission.
没有经过允许，你们本不该进老师的办公室。
should have made
oughtn't to/shouldn't have entered
③I actually ___________________so much food — only three people came.
我实际上不必买这么多食物——只有三个人来了。
④You ____________________him more help, though you were busy with your work.
你本来可以给他更多的帮助，尽管你工作很忙。
needn't have bought
might have given
[谨记规则]
1．must表推测时只用于肯定句，意为“一定”。must have done表示对过去事实有把握的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“肯定(已经)……”。
2．should/ought to表推测时常用于肯定句，意为“应该”。should/ought to have done表示根据一 般的规律而作出的推断，意为“应该已经……”；还可表虚拟语气，意为“本应做却没做……”，其否定式should not have done/ought not to have done意为“本不应做某事却做了”。needn't have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上却做了”。
3．may和might表推测可用于肯定句和否定句。may/might have done表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测，用于肯定句时表示“可能已经……”，否定式表示“可能还没……”。另外，might have done还可表虚拟语气，意为“本可能或可以做但没有做”，其否定式表示“过去本不可以做却做了”，含有轻微的责备或遗憾之情。
4．can/could可表推测。can用于肯定句时，表示理论上的可能性。其否定式can't意为“不可能”。can也可用于疑问句中表推测。could表可能性比can小。can't/couldn't have done表示对过去事实的推测，意为“不可能已经……”。
5．will可表示主语的意志或决心，或表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句。would为will的过去式，表示主观愿望或意志，用于第二人称，表征求意见，比will更委婉。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．submit v．提交，呈递，顺从，屈服
常见考法 (1)submit sth. to sb./sth. 给某人提交，呈递(文件、建议等)
submit (yourself) to sb./sth. 顺从；屈服；投降；不得已接受
submit that ... 认为……
(2)submission n. 提交；呈递；屈服；投降
升维考法 (1)submit意为“顺从；屈服；投降；不得已接受”时，是不及物动词，其后加介词to再跟宾语。
(2)submit ...to ...意为“向……投稿/提交……”，to为介词，其后接名词或动名词。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①You can wait until the last day to submit your paper ______your tutors.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) An essay not ___________(submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.
③It is necessary to fix a definite date for the ______________(submit) of your paper.
to
submitted
submission
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
④Besides, reading reports are welcome and should ________________the Students' Union before April 30th.
此外，阅读报告是受欢迎的，应在4月30日前提交给学生会。
⑤We should fight with our inner vulnerability bravely rather than________
________.
我们应当勇敢地与我们内心的脆弱做斗争而不是屈服于它。
be submitted to
submit
2．become accustomed to习惯于……
常见考法 (1)be/get/become/grow accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事
be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
(2)accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
升维考法 be/get/grow/become accustomed to＝be/get/become used to, 短语中的to是介词，其后跟名词、代词、动名词。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/替换黑体词汇)
①I am accustomed to ________(get) up early and taking an hour's walk before breakfast.
②Knowing that you are not accustomed ____the life here and are considering returning to America, I feel very upset.
③Personally, I am used to taking effective methods to achieve my academic goals. _________________
getting
to
am accustomed to
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/句式升级)
④The habit of having eight hours' sleep a night she was accustomed to _____________ (change) greatly since last year.
⑤Because he accustomed himself to living in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.
→____________________________________________, Mr. King found it hard to live in the city.
has changed
Accustoming himself to living in the countryside
3．take one's place 就座；代替
常见 考法 in place of＝instead of 代替，顶替
in place 在正确位置，准备妥当
out of place 位置不当，不适当
take the place of 代替，取代
in one's place 代替某人
put yourself in sb.’s place 设身处地替别人着想
升维 考法 in one's place/out of place作谓语时与be动词连用。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/替换黑体词汇)
①Carefully centre the photograph on the page and stick it ____ place.
②If you put yourself ____ my place, you may know what to do.
③How I wish I had majored in medicine instead of history when I was at college! _____________
in
in
in place of
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
由于玛丽生病了，我将取代她的位置。
④I will __________________because Mary is ill.
⑤I will ____________________because Mary is ill.
⑥I will ____________________because Mary is ill.
take her place
take the place of her
be in her place
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
the＋序数词＋名词＋to do sth.
(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有the next, the only, the last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt, belief等。
注意：
①动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或代词之后。
②作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①Madam Curie was the first person in the world that has received two Nobel Prizes.
→Madam Curie was the first person in the world ____________________
________.
②The system is able to run more than one program at the same time.
→The system has the ability ____________________________________at the same time.
to receive two Nobel
Prizes
to run more than one program
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③我成为第一个被录用为第14届全运会志愿者的中学生。
I became ______________________________________________________for the 14th National Games.
④人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然和谐相处。
Human life is regarded as part of nature and, similarly, _________________
________________ is to live in harmony with nature.
the first middle school student to get admitted as a volunteer
the only way for us
to survive
2020·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further — changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day，” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) — such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway — a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了绿色植物对人类社会和工作效率的积极作用，同时还介绍了科学家们新开发的植物的不寻常的功能：检测地下水质和发光照明。
1．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
答案:D
解析：段落大意题。根据第一段第二句及下文所举的两个例子可知，第一段主要介绍了绿色植物给人们带来的益处。
2．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers
A．To detect plants' lack of water.
B．To change compositions of plants.
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.
答案:A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water”可知，A选项正确。
3．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
答案:C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可推知，在未来，发光植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Can we grow more glowing plants
B．How do we live with glowing plants
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps
D．How are glowing plants made pollution-free
答案:C
解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段点明了植物的积极作用；第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究；第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光；第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以“打开”和“关上”；第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多，或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替路灯吗？)最能凸显本文主题。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
段落大意题的思维建模(第1题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：定位 扫描题干，确定 题干关键信息 根据题干关键信息the first paragraph mainly about定位到第一段。
第二步：寻找 捕捉段落中的关键词和主题句 通过略读和分析段落结构和上下文的逻 辑关系，可知该段第二句是段落主题句，下文围绕这一主题举了两个例子。关键词语是positive effects。
第三步：归纳 归纳本段大意，得出答案 综合以上分析，再比对选项和信息句， “benefits”是文中的“positive effects” 带来的结果。第一段主要介绍了绿色植物给人们带来的益处，故选D。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day ... _______
②(一词多义)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. ______
③(一词多义)Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. ________
改变
开发
消耗
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①be decorated with ___________
②take ...a step further __________________
③in order to ________
④one-thousandth of _______________
⑤in the future _________
装饰着
使得……更进一步
为了
千分之一的
将来
⑥be exposed to _______________
⑦account for _________
⑧remove from ____________
⑨save energy _________
暴露于；接触
占(比)
从……移除
节能
三、寻结构破长句
1．These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
抓标志：关系代词__________；并列连词______；连接词______
判类型：主句＋定语从句(含有一个时间状语从句)＋并列连词＋并列的定语从句
试翻译：这些植物包括在叶子上印有传感器以显示它们何时缺水的植物，以及______________________________________________。
that; that
and
when
可以检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物
2．The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
抓标志：从属连词_______________
判类型：主句＋地点状语从句＋时间状语从句(省略句)
试翻译：工程师们还试图开发一种开关，__________________________。
where；when
使光线暴露在日光下就会减弱
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
赏析：在装饰(decorated)有室内植物的工作场所里，员工们的工作是富有成效的(productive)，作者使用了具体数据(15% more)增加了这种陈述的可信度。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①Her favorite thing to draw was butterflies and her bedroom ____________
(decorate) with butterfly patterns.
②That evening, after several ___________(product) hours of work, I could smell something cooking.
was decorated
productive
2.(赏意境之美)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
赏析：此句提到了一种想象中的开关，当遇到日光时，室内的亮度会减弱，说明了发光植物的节能作用并预测了其前景。展望未来，科技创新、探索精神是永恒的主题。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（六）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看
