(共89张PPT)
选择性必修②
UNIT 1 Growing up
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．licence n． 执照
2．loan n. (银行等的)贷款
3．wage n. (按小时、日或周计算的)工资，薪金
4．tax n. 税
5．mature adj. 成熟的，明白事理的
6．obey v. 服从；遵守
7．steady adj. 稳定的
8．tempt v. 诱惑，引诱
9．boarder n. 寄宿生，住校生
10．cherish v. 重视，珍视
11．routine n. 惯例，习惯
12．prey n. 猎物
13．chew v. 咀嚼
14．golf n. 高尔夫球运动
15．politics n. 政治
16．necktie n. 领带
17．airline n. 航空公司
18．bond n. 纽带，关系
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．integrity n. 正直诚实
2．virtue n. 美德
3．adulthood n. 成年
4．milestone n. 重大事件，里程碑
5．ambulance n. 救护车
6．childhood n. 童年，儿童时代
7．household adj. 家庭的
8．deposit n. 订金
9．minimum adj. 最小的，最少的
10．bittersweet adj. 苦乐参半的
11．swallow v. 吞下，咽下
12．masterpiece n. 杰作
13．arithmetic n. 算术
14．disheartened adj. 沮丧的，灰心的
15．tiresome adj. 烦人的，令人厌烦的
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．elect v．选举；选择→ adj.选举的；选修的→ ________n．选举
2．legal adj.合法的→ adj.不合法的，非法的
3．instant adj.即刻的，立即的 n．瞬间，片刻→ adv.立即，
马上
4．gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的→ adv. 逐渐地，逐步地
elective
election
illegal
instantly
gradually
5．selfish adj.自私的→ n．自私→ n．无私
6．approve v．赞成，同意；批准；认可→ n．批准；赞成；同意；认可
7．library n．图书馆→ n．图书馆管理员
8．commit vt.犯(错误或罪行)；承诺；保证→ n．投入，花费；承诺→ adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的
9．suit v．适合→ adj.合适的→ adv.合适地
selfishness
unselfishness
approval
librarian
commitment
committed
suitable
suitably
10．vary vi.(根据情况)变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变→_______ adj.各种各样的→ adj.各种各样的；多方面的→ n．多样；种类；多样化
11．digest v．消化(食物)→ n．消化(过程)
12．consequence n．后果；结果；重要性→ adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→ adv.因此；所以
varied
various
variety
digestion
consequent
consequently
13．evident adj.显然的，清楚的→ n.证据→ adv.显然地，明显地
14．memory n．记忆力，回忆；内存→ adj.难忘的→_________ v．记忆，记住
15．conclude v．推断出；得出结论→ n．结论→___________ adj.结论性的；不容置疑的；确凿的
evidence
evidently
memorable
memorize
conclusion
conclusive
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.合成名词一览
①airline 航空公司 ②steamboat 汽船
③armchair 扶手椅 ④sandstorm 沙尘暴
⑤teamwork 协作 ⑥airport 机场
2.“付款”方式任选
①deposit n． 订金
②check/cheque n. 支票
③bill n. 钞票
④change n. 零钱
⑤balance n. 余额
⑥cash n. 现金
3.-al后缀名词荟萃
①approve→approval 批准
②arrive→arrival 到达
③refuse→refusal 拒绝
④survive→survival 幸存
⑤remove→removal 移动
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． _ 有发言权
2． 对……负责
3． 毫无疑问
4． 促成，有助于
5． 从长远来看
have a say
take responsibility for ...
no doubt
contribute to
in the long term
6． 成功地做成某事
7． 把……搁置一边
8． 致力于，献身于
9． 一瞥，看一眼
10． 关心，关注
11． 在附近；在触手可及的地方
succeed in doing sth.
lay aside
devote oneself to
at a glance
be concerned with
close at hand
[联想串记]
1.“have a say”的类似短语
have a look 看一看
have a try 试一试
have a quarrel 争吵
have a cough 咳嗽
have a talk 谈一谈
have a rest/break 休息
2.term相关短语
in the long term 从长远来看
in the short term 从短期来看
in terms of 在……方面；就……而言
come to terms 达成协议；妥协
be on good terms 友好，关系良好
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．there be＋n.＋to do ...
教材原句 When I woke up the next day, there were still rules to obey and lessons to attend.
第二天我醒来时，仍然有需要遵守的规则，需要参加的课程。
推荐佳句 ①(2020·浙江7月高考写作)Therefore, there is no need to worry about our studies — just relax and have a good rest.
因此，您没有必要担心我们的学习，只管放松和好好休息。
②(新教材人教版选择性必修2佳句)If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
续表
2.since 引导原因状语从句
教材原句 But since the grown-ups were not able to understand it, I made another drawing ...
但由于大人们没有看懂，我又画了一幅……
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)Since oceans play a critical role in the world, it's our responsibility to protect them. 由于海洋在世界上发挥着至关重要的作用，我们有责任保护它们。
推荐佳句 ②(新教材人教版必修2佳句)The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
然而，政府并没有打算停止这些保护项目，因为对藏羚羊的威胁依然存在。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“害怕”
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. It got such a fright that it rushed at a high speed. I, frightened too, grabbed the rein tightly. Minutes later, the horse was off the track and I found that there was no sign of my dad. In the middle of nowhere, I felt a wave of fear wrap around me. Worse still, the rain came pouring down and I was wet through. After seemingly long hours, there came a loud cry of my dad. As a quick response, I shouted in a loud voice, “Dad, I'm here！” Tracing my voice, Dad finally found me and we got reunited.
突然一只小兔子在我的马前面跳出来。马吓得飞快奔跑。我也很害怕，紧紧抓住缰绳。几分钟后，马离开了跑道，我发现没有了爸爸的身影。在茫茫荒野中，我感到一阵恐惧笼罩着我。更糟糕的是，大雨倾盆而下，我浑身湿透了。似乎过了很长时间后，我爸爸的大喊声传来。我快速回应，大声喊道：“爸爸，我在这里！”追踪着我的声音，爸爸终于找到了我，我们团聚了。
[点评] 本段中使用了词块“got such a fright, rushed at a high speed, grab ... tightly, wrap around, shouted in a loud voice”生动地表达了马和作者的害怕的心理，同时又通过“off the track, no sign of my dad, pouring down, wet through, After seemingly long hours, a quick response”等表达渲染了作者的心慌与害怕。常用的描写人物害怕的词汇有：afraid, scared, frighten, terror, terrify, in/with fear/terror等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If you are chewing the food, then talk after you (咽下) it down.
2．The (瞬间) he heard the shouts, he ran as fast as he could.
3．The Summer Palace is a (杰作) of China's ancient gardens.
4．He (扫视) through the newspaper while having breakfast.
swallow
instant
masterpiece
glanced
5．I made up my mind to (珍视) life and not to try such an adventure again.
6．You can make it a (惯例) to share your thoughts with your parents.
7．The symbol of being (成熟的) is not decided by age, but the way we think.
cherish
routine
mature
8．They were so shocked that they hadn't even thought to call for an
__________ (救护车) yet.
9．Positive parent-child (关系) is beneficial to family harmony and the growth of children.
10．It is also a (美德) to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society.
ambulance
bond
virtue
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The most awkward email mistake is usually (commit) in anger.
2．As we know, those who occupy others' property (legal) will be punished.
3．The boy was committed the care of his aunt.
4．Hope my application will meet with your (approve)．
committed
illegally
to
approval
5．The (library) said that I might have that book for one week.
6．Though he was not a (board), he always arrived early and left late.
7． (suit) school uniforms can not only show good discipline but also make us look more active.
librarian
boarder
Suitable
8．There is a great deal of (evident) indicating that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
9．Now, through a (vary) of media, everyone is more aware of the environment and development issues there.
10．As a (consequent), people should take part in physical activities regularly.
evidence
variety
consequence
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．She her book and went to answer the phone.
2．There's that parents have given me a lot since I was born.
3．A practical and beneficial reference book is like a good teacher____________.
in the long term， take responsibility for， contribute to， devote oneself to， be concerned with， no doubt， lay aside， close at hand
laid aside
no doubt
close at hand
4．They the training curriculum, but not the details of each course.
5．Nobody knows for sure what effect global warming has on our environment .
6．After retirement, he the voluntary work in his community.
are concerned with
in the long term
devoted himself to
7．Being devoted to teaching, as we know, his popularity with his students.
8．It is proper that parents their children's attendance at school.
contributes to
take responsibility for
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)The truth is that clean water whenever we need it.
事实上，我们足够幸运，无论何时需要都会有干净的水。
2．(完成句子) ,perhaps we should ask someone else.
既然你回答不了，那我们也许该问问别人。
we are lucky enough to have
Since you are unable to answer
3．(一句多译)她女儿只有12岁，所以她不同意女儿晚上单独出去。
①Her daughter is only 12 years old, so _______________________________
.(approve)
②Her daughter is only 12 years old, so _______________________________
.(approval)
she doesn't approve of her daughter
she doesn't give approval to her
going out alone at night
daughter going out alone at night
4．(句型转换)Whatever difficulties we come across, he doesn't hesitate to come to help us.
→ we come across, he doesn't hesitate to come to help us.
5．(句型转换)I bought the electric fan in your shop because your shop is well-known for good service.
→Your shop is well-known for good service and I bought the electric fan in your shop.
No matter what difficulties
that is why
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．instantly adv.立即，马上
(单句语法填空/同义替换)
①Tom burst into tears (instant) he was announced the winner of the competition.
instantly
②The baby has been crying all the time, but an instant her mood has changed when she sees her mother.
③He paused, hesitated an instant, and said.
④Instantly (＝ ) the helicopter landed, we got onto it in no time, excited and relieved.
in
for
Once/Immediately/As soon as
系统归纳 in an instant 马上，立刻
for an instant 刹那间
the instant that 一……就…… (引导时间状语从句)
联想发散 表示“一……就……”的连词主要有：
①“the＋名词”类：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；
②副词类：immediately, directly, instantly, once；
③连词词组类：as soon as, no sooner ...than, hardly ...when；
④介词词组类：on/upon＋名词/动名词。
2.consequence n．后果；结果
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①We should make teenagers realize the risk and (consequent) of playing computer games.
② consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.
③ ,children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas.
结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，以至于他们没有独立的想法或
创意。
consequence
In
As a consequence
系统 归纳 (1)as a consequence＝in consequence 因此，结果
as a consequence of＝in consequence of
由于，作为……的结果
(2)take/accept/face the consequences of 承担……的后果
微点 提醒 as a consequence/in consequence＝as a result
as a consequence of/in consequence of＝as a result of
3．conclusion n．结论，推论
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Over the years I've come to the (conclude) that she's a great musician.
②He concluded their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
conclusion
from
③The programme concluded Stravinsky's Rite of Spring.
④ conclusion, I'd like to thank you for all you have done for me.
⑤Scientists have the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher.
科学家们已经得出结论：地球上的温度正在变得越来越高。
with
In
concluded/come to the conclusion that
微点提醒 come to/get to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion that ... “得出结论……”， that引导的是同位语从句。
续表
4．have a say有发言权
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The people all have say in the affairs of their state.
② ,“There's no smoke without fire.”
俗话说，“无风不起浪。”
③ President Jingo will visit our school next week.
据说金戈校长下周将访问我们学校。
a
As the saying goes
It is said that
系统归纳 (1)have a say on ... 对……有发言权
have no say 没有发言权
as the saying goes 俗话说
(2)needless to say 不用说
that's to say 也就是说
never say die 永不言败
It's said that ... 据说……
5．close at hand在附近；在触手可及的地方
(用适当的介、副词填空/完成句子)
①I need some blue ink today but there is none close hand.
②The pieces are carefully shaped hand from a very special kind of clay.
③Professor Zhang handed the textbooks to all the students.
at/on
by
out
④Customs are social habits.They have been handed through generations.
⑤It is very important to have a dictionary when you are learning English.
学英语的时候，随时在手头放一本词典很重要。
down
close at hand
系统归纳 (1)take sb.by the hand 牵着某人的手
give/lend sb.a hand 帮某人忙
hand in hand 手拉手地
by hand 用手工
at/on hand 在手边，在近处
(2)hand in 上交；提交
hand out 分发；给予
hand down 宣布；把……传下去
hand over 交出；移交
hand on 转交；传递下去
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．将来进行时的用法
(单句语法填空)
①This time tomorrow I (fly) to Paris.
②—I am going to visit Britain this summer vacation.
—I'm glad you (experience) a different culture.
③Don't phone me between 5 and 6. I (have) dinner then.
will be flying
will be experiencing
will be having
2．将来进行时与现在进行时、一般将来时的区别
(单句语法填空)
①My cousin (come) to our city next week.
②Look at the picture. The children (fly)kites in the park.
③We (lie) on the comfortable beds of the hotel at this time tomorrow evening.
will come
are flying
will be lying
[谨记规则]
(1)将来进行时主要表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。
(2)一般使用延续性动词，常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求或期待等。
(3)常用的时间状语有soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等。
(4)现在进行时也可以表示将来的动作，它和将来进行时的区别在于：将来进行时通常表示正常过程中会发生的动作，而现在进行时表示有计划的将来肯定要进行的动作，相对而言，将来进行时意味着动作发生的偶然性要大一些。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．approve v．赞成，同意，批准；认可
常见考法 (1)approve sth. 批准/通过某事
approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth. 赞成/同意某人做某事
(2)approval n. 批准；赞成；同意
win/earn/gain sb.'s approval 赢得某人的同意；得到某人的赞许
with/without approval of 经/未经……的批准
升维考法 approve表示“同意，赞成”时，是不及物动词，应用approve of sb./sb.‘s doing，不能用approve sb.to do；表示“批准，通过(计划、要求等)”时，是及物动词。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Our school doesn't approve of students (wear) long hair.
②She would never do anything that was not approved by her parents.
③He has a desire to gain his father's (approve)．
wearing
of
approval
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
老师同意我们制作一个视频来记录我们在学校的经历。
④The teacher our experiences at school.(approve)
⑤The teacher our experiences at school.(approval)
approved of us making a video to record
gave his approval to us making a video to record
2．commitment n．投入，花费；承诺；奉献
常见考法 (1)make a commitment (to sb.) (对某人)作出承诺
(2)commit vt. 犯(错误或罪行)；承诺；保证
commit sb.to (doing) sth. 使某人承诺(做)某事
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 承诺/保证(做)某事
commit ...to ... 把……投入……
(3)committed adj. 坚定的；尽心尽力的
be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
升维考法 be committed to (doing) sth.结构是写作中的常用高级句式，尤其是在描写人物的作文中常见。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①The hospital has a (commit) to provide the best possible medical care for the public.
②The farmers are committed to (transform) the hills into good fields.
③Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and __________(commit) to his job.
commitment
transforming
committed
?细练升维考法(句式升级)
④He is committed to his dream, and in my opinion, this is the reason why he can succeed in the end.
→ ,in my opinion, is the reason why he can succeed in the end.
Being committed to his dream
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
since 引导的原因状语从句
(1)since表示“由于，既然”，引导原因状语从句。
(2)since表示“自从”，引导时间状语从句。
(3)引导原因状语从句的连词还有：as, for, because, now that, seeing that, considering that等。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①You are fond of traditional Chinese culture, and I think this is a great opportunity that cannot be missed.
→ ,I think this is a great opportunity that cannot be missed.
②We haven't seen each other for a long time after we graduated.
→ ,we haven't seen each other for a long time.
Since you are fond of traditional Chinese culture
Since we graduated
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③我已经有一段时间没有你的消息了。
It's been a while .
④既然你一直对中国文化感兴趣，我认为北京语言大学对你来说是一个理想的地方。
,I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.
since I heard from you
Since you have long been interested in Chinese culture
2020·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解B篇
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition (认知) after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate (旋转) and translate shapes，” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了玩拼图游戏有助于孩子发展与数学相关的技能，特别是孩子的空间认知技能。
1．In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play
A．Building confidence.
B．Developing spatial skills.
C．Learning self-control.
D．Gaining high-tech knowledge.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Psychologist Susan Levine ... found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.”以及第三段内容可知，孩子们通过玩拼图游戏可以培养空间技能。
2．What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment
A．Parents' age.
B．Children's imagination.
C．Parents' education.
D．Child-parent relationship.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知， Levine在设计实验时，考虑到了父母的收入、教育以及谈话数量。
3．How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play
A．They play with puzzles more often.
B．They tend to talk less during the game.
C．They prefer to use more spatial language.
D．They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，男孩们较女孩们而言，倾向于玩更复杂的拼图游戏。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．A mathematical method.
B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist.
D．A teaching program.
答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。阅读全文内容尤其是最后一段“The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.”可知，本文主要介绍的是一项科学研究。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
主旨大意题的思维建模(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said. __________
②(熟词生义)The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. ___
拼图游戏
对
③(一词多义)The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate and translate shapes. _____
表现
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①in a statement _____________
②interact with ___________
③tend to ___________
④benefit from ___________
在一份声明中
与……交流
倾向于……
得益于……
⑤take ...into consideration _____________________
⑥differ from ___________
⑦prefer to do sth. _____________
⑧be likely to do sth. ______________
考虑到……，顾及……
与……不同
更喜欢做某事
(很)可能做某事
三、寻结构破长句
1．Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
抓标志：并列连词 ；从属连词 ；被省略的连接词that
判类型：复合句(含有一个条件状语从句)＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个宾语从句)
but
if
试翻译：如果他们认为这对他们的孩子有帮助，一些父母会购买任何高科技玩具，但研究人员表示， 。
拼图游戏有助于孩子的数学相关的技能
2．Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.
抓标志：并列连词(第一个) ；关系代词____
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：收入较高的父母往往会让孩子更频繁地玩拼图游戏， 。
and
who
并且玩拼图游戏的男孩和女孩都有更好的空间技能
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.
赏析：句中“have children play with puzzles more frequently”运用了“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语play with puzzles more frequently (更频繁地玩拼图游戏)用于说明宾语(孩子们)做的事情，二者为主谓关系。
[对点练——完成句子]
①He realized that she did not wish to .
他意识到她不想让他和她一起去。
② to your mother that way.
我不允许你那样跟你母亲说话。
③The tooth brought so much pain that Tom made up his mind .
那颗牙带来很多疼痛，汤姆决定把它拔掉。
have him go with her
I won't have you saying
to have it pulled out
2．(赏用词之美)“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate and translate shapes，” Levine said in a statement.
赏析：作者运用perform well (表现优异)，assess (评估，评定)，translate (转换)三个词(短语)具体地说明玩拼图游戏的孩子与不玩拼图游戏的孩子的区别。表意准确，不落俗套。
3．(赏意境之美)However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
赏析：该句通过比较，明确呈现了“男孩比女孩更倾向于玩更复杂的拼图游戏，男孩的父母提供更多的空间语言，在拼图游戏中比女孩的父母更积极。”这一现状，意在强调男孩和女孩在玩拼图游戏方面的不同及孩子的父母在此过程中的不同态度。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共83张PPT)
UNIT 2 Improving yourself
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．switch v． (用开关)改变，转换
2．towel n. 毛巾
3．spit v. 吐口水，吐唾沫
4．bin n. 垃圾箱
5．soap n. 肥皂
6．item n. 一件商品(或物品)
7．jar n. (玻璃)罐子，广口瓶
8．invest v. 投资
9．vision n. 构想，设想
10．nail n. 钉子
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．moderator n. 主持人
2．detox n. 脱瘾
3．fundraising n. 募捐，筹款
4．profile n. 概况
5．distract v. 分散(注意力)，使分心
6．deadline n. 截止时间；最后期限
7．procrastination n. 拖延
8．appropriate adj. 恰当的；合适的
9．headphones n. (头戴式)耳机
10．headline n. 媒体报道的热门话题；标题
11．district n. 地区，区域
12．toothpaste n. 牙膏
13．unprecedentedly adv. 空前地
14．lifelong adj. 终身的
15．likewise adv. 同样地；相似地
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．secure adj.安全的→ n．安全→ adv.安全地
2．motivate v．激发，激励→ adj.有积极性的→____________ n．动机，动力
3．occupy v．占用，占去(时间)→ n．工作，职业；占用→
_________ adj.被占领的，使用中的
4．constant adj.持续不断的，经常发生的 → adv.持续不断地；经常地
security
securely
motivated
motivation
occupation
occupied
constantly
5．access n．接触的机会→ adj.可接近的，可使用的→
___________ n．可接近性，可访问性
6．rely v．(为生活或生存而)依赖→ adj.可靠的，可信赖的→_______ adv.可靠地
7．consider v．仔细考虑；认为→ adj.替他人着想的→_____________ n．仔细考虑；体谅，顾及
8．promote v．促进，增进→ n．提升；促进
accessible
accessibility
reliable
reliably
considerate
consideration
promotion
9．clarify v．澄清，讲清楚，阐明→ n．澄清；说明；阐明
10．necessary adj.必需的；必然的；无法避免的→ n．必需品→ ___________adv.必然地
11．objective adj.客观的→ adv.客观地
12．equip v．使有知识和技能，使能够胜任→ n．[U]装备
clarification
necessity
necessarily
objectively
equipment
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.后缀-ing名词荟萃
①fundraising 募捐，筹款
②fishing 钓鱼；捕鱼业(或活动)
③drawing 图画；素描画
④advertising 广告；广告宣传
⑤accounting 会计
⑥banking 银行业
⑦sightseeing 观光；游览
2.后缀-ment抽象名词集锦
①equipment 装备
②development 发展
③disappointment 失望
④excitement 兴奋
⑤improvement 改善
⑥treatment 对待
⑦judgement 判断
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． (用开关)开，打开
2． 经过慎重思考
3． 忙于某事物
4． 捡起；拾起；获得；学会
5． 取决于；胜任；忙于
switch on
on reflection
be occupied with sth.
pick up
be up to
6． 调查；核实；察看，观察
7． 认输
8． 了解(已经发生的事情)；赶上
9． 依靠，依赖
10． 远离；逃避；摆脱
check out
throw in the towel
catch up on
rely on
step away from
11． (钱)花光；(信用卡)刷爆
12． 与……形成对比
13． 控制；管理，掌管
14． 储存；保留
max out
in contrast to
in control of
put aside
[联想串记]
1.“动词＋out”短语一览
check out 查看，观察
block out 挡住(光线)
break out 突发；爆发
find out 查出；弄明白
die out 灭绝
put out 扑灭
run out 用完
let out 泄露
come out 出版
2.“v.＋on”短语聚焦
rely on 依靠，依赖
carry on 继续；坚持
work on 继续工作
put on 穿上
try on 试穿
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句 An hour's sport each day left me tired out and wanting to go to bed early.
每天一小时的运动让人筋疲力尽，想早点上床休息。
推荐佳句 ①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Even in terrible weather, he still sticks to his post and leaves no one unchecked.
即使在恶劣天气里，他仍然坚守岗位，不让一个人漏检。
②(新教材译林版选择性必修2佳句)The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition.
大火还造成许多人受伤，其中5人伤势严峻。
续表
2．介词短语放在句首的倒装句
教材原句 Inside the bags are necessities such as toothpaste, soap and socks, bought first with her pocket money and then through crowd funding.
包里面装着一些生活必需品，比如牙膏、肥皂和袜子等。最初购买这些物品用的都是她自己的零花钱，后来则是通过众筹购买。
推荐佳句 ①Suddenly, in front of my horse jumped out a little rabbit.
突然，在我的马前面跳出来一只小兔子。
②(新教材译林版选择性必修3佳句)To the east of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky Mountains, which are home to high peaks and deep valleys carved by ice and water.
太平洋海岸向东耸立着巍峨的落基山脉，这里有高耸的山峰和被冰川水流侵蚀而成的深谷。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“沮丧”
We were worrying about what could be done. But after waiting in vain for a long time, under the hot burning sun, worried and depressed, I was wandering the road aimlessly. “What if no one is willing to help us？” All of a sudden, a man with his hands waving at mom came into our view.
我们担心的是能做些什么。但在徒劳地等待了很久之后，在炙热的太阳下，既担心又沮丧，我漫无目的地徘徊在路上。“如果没有人愿意帮助我们怎么办？”突然，一个向妈妈挥手的男人进入了我们的视野。
[点评] 本段中的第二句生动形象地刻画了主人公十分沮丧且焦急的心情。常用的描写人物沮丧的词汇有：hopeless, disappointed, discouraged, despair, depress, frustrate, in despair等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The story has been in the (热门话题) for a few days.
2．We first build up a detailed (概况) of our customers and their requirements.
3．They organised a campaign to (提高) awareness of environmental issues.
headlines
profile
promote
4．They carried out (安全) checks at the airport.
5．The most valuable (物品) on show will be a Picasso drawing.
6．He took his flashlight from his jacket pocket and (打开) it on.
7．As for the (最后期限), please hand in the essay before September 20th.
security
item
switched
deadline
8．It is not (合适的) for you to attend the ceremony in casual clothes.
9．The (地区) is under consideration for designation as a conservation area.
10．His empty stomach reminded him (持续不断地) that for days he hadn't eaten anything.
appropriate
district
constantly
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1． (equip) with confidence, we can deal with challenges.
2．Today, food (secure) draws a lot of people's attention.
3．It is necessary to hold an (object) attitude towards ratings.
4．It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
5．Her music is often described as complex but (access), appealing to wider audiences.
Equipped
security
objective
considerate
accessible
6．That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help.In short, he's (rely)．
7．We learned that the (occupy) he was offered brings him a lot of money every month.
8．A good story does not (necessary) have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left unsatisfied.
reliable
occupation
necessarily
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．She Spanish when she was living in Mexico.
2．He had gone to the reception desk, probably to .
3．The wise will not medicine for keeping their health.
4．Linda the work of redecorating her house now.
on reflection， be occupied with， pick up， check out， catch up on， rely on， in contrastto， put aside
picked up
check out
rely on
is occupied with
5．We should our differences and discuss the things we have in common.
6． ,we can reasonably expect to see interest continue to rise in the future.
7．I didn't buy the magazine last month; I must try to buy one so that I can ___________the articles I missed.
8．The company lost $7 million this quarter a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.
put aside
On reflection
catch up on
in contrast to
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子) ,they always seem anxious to make more money.
无论人们多么富有，他们似乎总是渴望赚更多的钱。
2．(完成句子)They covered him with a blanket, only .(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
他们用毯子盖住他，只露出他的眼睛。
However rich people are
leaving his eyes exposed
3．(完成句子)The Americans and the British__________________________ ______________________a large number of social customs.(not only ...but also ...)
美国人和英国人不但语言相同，而且有很多相同的风俗习惯。
4．Our library, which is between the garden and the teaching building, lies in the centre of our school.
→ ,which is between the garden and the teaching building.(用倒装句改写句子)
not only speak the same
In the centre of our school lies our library
language but also share
5．I realized the famous saying “No pains, no gains” through this fruit-picking experience.
→ the famous saying “No pains, no gains.”(用强调句改写句子)
6．(一句多译)随着社会的发展，我们似乎正在失去很多传统。
①With the development of society, a lot of traditions.(seem that)
②With the development of society, a lot of traditions.(seem to)
It was through this fruit-picking experience that I realized
it seems that we are losing
we seem to be losing
7．(一句多译)你可以相信他会准时来的。
① (doing)
② (to do)
③ (用it作形式宾语)
You can rely on/upon his coming on time.
You can rely on/upon him to come on time.
You can rely on/upon it that he will come on time.
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．switch v．(用开关)改变，转换n.开关，转变
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Granny always keeps her cellphone switched unless she's expecting a call.
off
②Having rid themselves of bad habits, the boys switched from being dependent on their parents to (sacrifice) for others.
③To save water, we after we have used it.
为了节约用水，我们应该在用完水龙头后关掉它。
sacrificing
are supposed to switch/turn off the tap
系统归纳 (1)switch from ...to ... 从……转变为……
switch to 切换到；转到
switch on/off 打开/关上
switch over 换台；换频道
(2)make a switch 作出改变
微点提醒 switch on＝turn on 打开(电灯、机器等)
switch off＝turn off 关上；断开(电灯、机器等)
2．equip v．使有知识和技能，使能够胜任；装备，配备
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①You will be satisfied with the kitchen (equip) here.
② (equip) with modern facilities, today's libraries differ greatly from those of the past.
③Only when we finally succeed in the uncertain future.
只有当我们具备了希望和勇气时，我们才能最终在不确定的未来取得成功。
equipment
Equipped
equip ourselves with hope and courage can we
系统归纳 (1)equip ...with ... 用……装备……；使……具备(知识、技能等)
be equipped with ... 装备/配备有……
well/poorly-equipped 装备好的/差的
(2)equipment n. 设备；配备，装备
a piece of equipment 一件装备
微点提醒 equipment是不可数名词，在表示“多”的概念时，可在其前加量词piece, set等，如：一件/一套设备可用a piece/set of equipment。
3.in contrast to与……形成对比
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
① contrast, Mary is more diligent than Tom.
②In contrast my Chinese, my English is not that good.
③Beef, for example, is a typical red meat,_____________________________, such as chicken meat.
例如，牛肉是典型的红肉，与鸡肉等白肉形成对比。
In/By
to/with
in contrast to/with white meat
系统归纳 in/by contrast 与……相反；相比之下
contrast with ... 与……截然不同或形成鲜明的对照
contrast ...with ... 使……与……对照；把……和……相比
微点提醒 in/by contrast相当于on the contrary, 在句中作状语；in contrast to/with是介词短语，其后须接宾语。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
过去完成时的被动语态
(单句语法填空)
①We were curious to know why he (defeat) by such a little boy.
②I (ask) to drive in heavy traffic, and had done it so successfully.
had been defeated
had been asked
③The police had been told that a bomb (plant) on the plane.
④It was reported that six men (trap) in a mine for seventeen hours.
⑤It was the second time that Tom (punish) so seriously.
⑥By the end of last year, 10,000 trees (plant) in that village.
had been planted
had been trapped
had been punished
had been planted
[谨记规则]
(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought, found等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被完成时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
(2)在 It was the first/second ... time that ...句型中的that引导的定语从句中，主语与谓语之间是被动关系时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
(3)当before, when, by the time, until, after, once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语是一般过去时，以及by, before, by the end of后面接过去的时间时，主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．occupy v．占用，占去(时间)
常见考法 (1)occupy one's mind 占据某人的头脑
occupy oneself with sth./(in) doing sth. 使……忙于(做)某事
(2)occupied adj. 忙于……的，被占领的，使用中的
keep sb.occupied 使某人忙碌
be occupied with sth./(in) doing sth. 忙于/专心于(做)某事
(3)occupation n. 职业；工作
升维考法 (1)occupy oneself with/(in)diong sth.在句中作状语时，应用-ing形式：occupying oneself with/(in)doing sth.；
(2)be occupied with/(in) doing sth.在句中作状语时，应用-ed形式：occupied with/(in) doing sth.。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①He occupies himself (do) some reading every day.
②Please fill in your name, address and (occupy) in this form.
③She keeps herself fully (occupy) with volunteer activities.
doing
occupation
occupied
?细练升维考法(句式升级)
④I was occupied doing this project, so I had no time for social activities.
→ ,I had no time for social activities.(过去分词短语作状语)
→ ,I had no time for social activities.(现在分词短语作状语)
Occupied doing this project
Occupying myself doing this project
2．access n．接触的机会；入径；通路；vt.存取，访问(计算机文件)；到达；进入；使用
常见 考法 (1)access to ... 接触……的机会；通向……的入口；
进入……的权利
(2)have/get/gain/obtain access to ... 可以接近/见到/使用/进入……
(3)accessible adj. 可接近的，可进入的，可使用的，易懂的
be accessible to ... 可进入……；可使用……；易接近……
升维 考法 (1)access为不可数名词，不能用复数，也不能加冠词。
(2)表示“对……的使用/接近”时，其后习惯加介词to。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①These documents are not (access) to the public.
②You need to have access the data in order to take decisions.
③This device cannot (access) because it is smaller than 65,535 sectors.
④Our own generation has access to (get) more nutritious food and more convenient transport than those in the past.
accessible
to
be accessed
getting
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
药品不应放在孩子们够得到的地方。
⑤Medicine should not be kept in the place where it is .(accessible)
⑥Medicine should not be kept in the place where_______________________
.(access)
accessible to children
children have/get/obtain/
gain access to it
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1. leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
构成方式 leave用作使役动词，其后常跟复合结构，有以下构成方式：
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋分词
(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式
(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句
注意事项 在leave的复合结构中，leave表示“让……处于(某种状态)”，宾语补足语为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾语补足语为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾语补足语为不定式时，通常表示将来发生的动作。
续表
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(单句语法填空)
①Father left me (fetch) uncle from the airport.
②His remarks left me (wonder) about his real purpose.
③Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions____________ (answer)．
to fetch
wondering
unanswered
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
④他现在心情不好。 我们最好不要打扰他。
He's in a bad mood right now.We'd better .
⑤把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这作为一条规则。
You should make it a rule to .
leave him alone
leave things where you can find them again
2．介词短语置于句首的倒装句
为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语或状语，常使用完全倒装结构。完全倒装句使用规则如下：
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit, stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时，句子用完全倒装。
(3)there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。该句型中的be可以替换成表示“存在”的动词，如live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等。句型结构为“there＋存在类动词＋主语”。
(4)当主语是人称代词时，不用倒装语序。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①They arrived at an old church.A big crowd of people stood in front of the old church.
(改为含有定语从句的倒装句)
→They arrived at an old church, .
②A student sat in the front of the classroom，reading.(改为倒装句)
→______________________________________________
in front of which stood a big crowd of people
In the front of the classroom sat a student，reading.
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③接着年终颁奖典礼来临了。
Then at the end of the year.
④从前有个名医叫华佗。
Once upon a time known by the name of Hua Tuo.
came the final awards ceremony
there lived a doctor
2017·全国卷Ⅱ·阅读理解B篇
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。
1．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first
A．Paul Newman wanted it.
B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.
C．He wasn't famous enough.
D．The director recommended someone else.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't ... he stood up for me.”可知，电影公司起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。
2．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship
A．They were of the same age.
B．They worked in the same theater.
C．They were both good actors.
D．They had similar characteristics.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“We were respectful of ... American actors”可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。
3．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
答案：A
解析：代词指代题。根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that ... put something back”可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text
A．To show his love of films.
B．To remember a friend.
C．To introduce a new movie.
D．To share his acting experience.
答案：B
解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago.”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
写作意图题的思维建模(第4题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers._____________
②(一词多义)We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.______
③(熟词生义)Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together._____
有影响力的人
扮演
那么
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①stand up for _____________
②as well known as _______________
③have its root in _______
④focus on ___________
支持；拥护
像……一样出名
起源于
集中于……
⑤dig into ___________
⑥make fun of _____
⑦put something back _____
⑧show up ___________
钻研；挖掘
取笑
回馈
露面；出现
三、寻结构破长句
1．The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.
抓标志：关系代词 ；连接词 ;从属连词_________
判类型：主句(含有一个定语从句)＋同位语从句(含有一个让步状语从句)
that
that
although
试翻译：我们的友谊源于拍摄那部电影和四年后的《骗中骗》的经历，它植根于这样一个事实：尽管 ，但我们都来自于戏剧和电视直播的传统。
有年龄的差异
2．We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.
抓标志：连接词 ；从属连词 ；关系代词_____
that
if
who
判类型：主句＋同位语从句(含有一个条件状语从句；破折号后句子中含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：我们分享着这一信念， ，你应该做出一些回馈——他回馈了Newman's Own食物和为 孩子们举办的墙洞夏令营，我则回馈了Sundance、学院和电影节。
如果你足够幸运获得成功
身患重病的
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
赏析：作者运用financially (经济上)和by showing up at events (通过在重要场合露面)修饰谓语动词supported，准确而又生动地描述了“我们”相互支持的方式，让读者对他们之间的友谊有了直观形象的了解。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
① (support)by this faith, grandmother attempted to stand up every day.
②Given the right to deal with their own money, children will have a great opportunity to establish a clear idea of (finance)management.
③You are welcome to on stage, which will definitely add color and fun to our festival.
欢迎你出现在舞台上，这一定会为我们的节日增添色彩和乐趣。
Supported
financial
show up
2.(赏意境之美)We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.
赏析：两个人共同的信念(shared the belief)就是有幸取得成功之后，要回馈社会(put something back)。破折号后的内容提到了Paul的Newman's Own food和 Hole in the Wall camps，“我”的Sundance and the institute and the festival，这些无论是为了患重病的孩子还是别的目的，都是公益组织和活动。两位事业有成、回馈社会的人物形象跃然纸上，使读者心中的敬意油然而生。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共78张PPT)
UNIT 3 Times change!
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．decade n． 十年；十年期
2．elderly adj. 年老的
3．tablet n. 平板电脑
4．bunch n. 一群，一伙
5．shelf n. 搁板，架子
6．mist n. 薄雾，雾霭
7．brick n. 砖，砖块
8．jazz n. 爵士乐
9．era n. 时代，年代
10．pave v. 铺(路、地面等)
11．solid adj. 坚实的
12．facial adj. 脸上的；面部的
13．soul n. 精神
14．comic n. 连环漫画
15．costume n. 化装服
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．fixture n. 固定存在物
2．exterior n. 外部，外观
3．stationery n. 文具
4．saleswoman n. 女销售员
5．leadership n. 领导；领导地位
6．humble adj. 简陋的
7．journalist n. 新闻工作者；新闻记者
8．reform n. 改进；改革
9．socialist adj. 社会主义的
10．alongside prep. (与……)一起
11．initiative n. 倡议
12．cafeteria n. 自助餐厅
13．emoji n. 表情符号
14．integral adj. 不可缺少的
15．component n. 组成部分
16．category n. 类别
17．pictograph n. 象形图
18．gesture n. 手势，姿势
19．textspeak n. 短信简写语
20．facilitate v. 促进；使便利
21．pictorial adj. 图画的
22．secondary adj. 次要的，第二位的
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．legend n．传奇；传说→ adj.大名鼎鼎的，传奇式的
2．sympathize v．同情；赞同，支持→ n．同情→__________ adj.同情的；有同情心的
3．dust n．灰尘→ adj.布满灰尘的
4．furnish v．布置家具；向……提供，供应→ n．家具→
__________ adj.配备家具的
legendary
sympathy
sympathetic
dusty
furniture
furnished
5．organic adj.有机的；绿色的→ adv.有机地
6．recite v．背诵，朗诵→ n．朗诵会→ n．朗读，
朗诵
7．compete v．竞争→ n．竞争；比赛→ n．竞争者→ adj.竞争(性)的，有竞争力的
8．emphasise v．强调→ n．强调；重视
9．reconstruct vt.重建；修复；使重现→ n．重建；修复
organically
recital
recitation
competition
competitor
competitive
emphasis
reconstruction
10．economy n．经济；节约→ adj.经济(上)的→ adj.节约的；简洁的；经济实惠的；精打细算的
11．occupy v．占用；占去(时间)→ n．工作，职业→_________ adj.被占领的，使用中的
12．expand v．(使)扩大；增加→ n．扩大；扩张；膨胀
13．emotion n．情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪→ adj.情绪(上)的，情感(上)的→ adv.感情上；情绪上；情绪冲动地
economic
economical
occupation
occupied
expansion
emotional
emotionally
14．intend vt.打算，计划→ n．意图，目的
15．adapt vt.使适应；改编，改写vi.适应→ n．改编版；适应→ _________adj.适应的→ adj.有适应能力的；能适应的
16．access n．接触的机会；入径；通路→ adj.易懂的；
可使用的
17．tend v．照顾；照料；倾向；趋向→ n．趋势；倾向
intention
adaptation
adaptive
adaptable
accessible
tendency
18．educate v．教育→ n．教育工作者；教育学家→_________ n．教育→ adj.教育的
19．urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的→ adv.紧急地；急迫地→________ n．紧迫性；急迫
20．convince v．使确信，使信服→ adj.有说服力的，使人信服的→ adj.坚信的，确信的
educator
education
educational
urgently
urgency
convincing
convinced
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.多种“情绪”善表达
①emotion n． 激情，情感，情绪
②affection n. 喜爱，关爱；感情
③feeling n. 感觉，感触；情感，情绪
④passion n. 激情，热情；酷爱
⑤mood n. 心情，情绪；气氛
2.“信任”“怀疑”对比记
①convince vt. 使确信，使信服
②trust vt.& n 相信，信托，信赖
③belief n. 相信；信念
④faith n. 信任；信念
⑤suspect vt. 怀疑；不信任
⑥doubt n．& vt. 怀疑，不相信
⑦question n．& vt . 怀疑；(表示)疑问
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 顺便访问；顺便进入
2． 一群
3． 向某人挥手告别
4． 永远，永久
5． 接管；占据；接任
6． 突然出现，冒出来
7． 与……竞争
drop in
a bunch of
wave goodbye to sb.
for good
take over
pop up
compete with
8． 铺平道路；创造条件
9． 对……有极大影响
10． 寻找，搜寻
11． 有史以来第一次
12． 例如
13． 全心全意；精髓
pave the way
have a great influence on
search for
for the first time ever
for instance
heart and soul
[联想串记]
1.“动词＋in”的短语
drop in 顺便访问；顺便进入
fit in 相适应；相融合
believe in 相信；信任
cut in 插嘴；插话
take in 收留；欺骗；理解
bring in 引进；引入
involve in 卷入；涉及
2.表示“时间”的短语
now and then 偶尔
at times 有时；间或
once in a while 偶尔
on occasion 偶尔；有时
for good 永远；永久
for all time 永远
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．状语从句的省略
教材原句 When first introduced in Japan in 1999, emojis were limited to 176 simple designs.
1999年，表情符号首次在日本推出，当时只有176个简单的图案。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)What‘s more, 12% of the students choose to visit English-learning websites when enhancing English skills.
此外，12%的学生在提高英语技能时选择浏览英语学习网站。
②(新教材北师大版必修2佳句)When thanking the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition and encouragement for all scientists in China.”
屠呦呦感谢诺委会授予她如此殊荣，她说：“这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉，也是对全体中国科学家的认可和鼓励。”
续表
2．the way后接定语从句
教材原句 Now there are more than 3,000 emojis that expand upon the way in which we communicate.
但现在我们能使用3 000多个表情符号来拓宽我们的交流渠道。
推荐佳句 ①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ写作)All this was because of John's bright idea, and the way (in which) he carried it out.
这一切都是因为约翰的好主意，以及他实现的方式。
②(新教材北师大版选择性必修1佳句)This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live.
这意味着我们必须大大改变我们的生活方式。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“惊讶”
The carpenter worked hard all that day measuring, sawing, digging and nailing. About sunset when the older brother returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The older brother's eyes opened wide and his jaw dropped. There was no fence there at all；instead there was a bridge, a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other.
木匠一整天都在努力地工作，测量、锯、挖、钉。当日落哥哥回来的时候，木匠已经完成了他的工作。哥哥的眼睛睁得大大的，下巴掉了下来。那里根本没有栅栏，只有一座桥，一座从小溪的一边延伸到另一边的桥。
[点评] 本段中使用了“eyes opened wide and his jaw dropped”生动形象地刻画了哥哥看到木匠的作品时惊讶的表情。常用的描写人物惊讶的词汇有：surprise, amaze, shock, astonish, to one's surprise/astonishment等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．That is why I recommend another (类别) of books — literary books.
2．Barbara has a (倾向) to complain about what she doesn't feel content with.
3．They managed to go through the time of great (经济上的) hardship.
category
tendency
economic
4．They bought some pieces of old (家具) and passed them down as valuable antiques.
5．Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the last two________ (十年)．
6．As a matter of fact, Beijing Opera contains the (精神) of Chinese national culture.
7．Women should have an equal role (与……一起) men in both police and armed forces.
furniture
decades
soul
alongside
8．Apart from my preparations for the test, my (坚实的) language skills also led to my success.
9．Not until that moment did I realize what a big difference one small _________(手势) had made to my friend Kyle.
10．I read about your (改革) of the school English newspaper, and that's why I'm writing to voice my opinion.
solid
gesture
reform
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．This is a good time for survivors to talk about how they're coping _____________(emotional)．
2．As a famous (educate), Confucius had a deep influence on generations.
3．The legal aid system should be (access) to more people.
4．Although he could give her (sympathize), any practical help would almost certainly be beyond him.
emotionally
educator
accessible
sympathy
5．It is very important to work together as a team, especially in such a ___________(compete) society.
6．Because of all this extra time, there was no sense of (urgent) to do my schoolwork immediately.
7．I'm afraid that I can't accept your argument, for you haven't offered enough (convince) evidence.
competitive
urgency
convincing
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．It is increasingly difficult for entity shops to online stores.
2．There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving;______________, training lions.
3．We must learn from Comrade Lei Feng and serve the people .
drop in， compete with， heart and soul， for instance， take over， have a great influenceon
compete with
for instance
heart and soul
4．Since Mr Evans the firm last month, he has adapted to the busy schedule.
5．The epidemic and the suffering it has caused_______________________ the whole world.
6．Unfortunately, when I ,Professor Smith was just leaving, so we only had time for a few words.
took over
have a great influence on
dropped in
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子) ,getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.(as引导定语从句)
正如你想象的一样，皮肤烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
2．(完成句子)The girl listened, keeping still, as if_______________________
.(虚拟语气)
那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。
As you can imagine
she had been turned to
stone
3．(完成句子)We admired him for___________________________________
.
我们钦佩他面对困难的态度。
4．I sat in my room for a few minutes and my eyes were fixed on the ceiling.
→I sat in my room for a few minutes on the ceiling.(用with复合结构改写句子)
with my eyes fixed
the way (in which/that) he faces
difficulties
5．When he was asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.
→ he came here, the boy kept silent.(用状语从句的省略形式改写句子)
When asked why
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．compete v．竞争；比赛
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Professional athletes will compete many events, like swimming and basketball.
in
②We need to work harder to remain (compete) with other companies.
③We are in competition four other companies for the contract.
④Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, _______________________________________________________
.
此外，随着体育场的建立，可以举办广泛的体育赛事，其中乒乓球、足球以及跑步比赛非常受欢迎。
competitive
with
of which ping-pong, football as well as running competitions
enjoy great popularity
系统归纳 (1)compete in ... 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争
compete for 为(荣誉、奖牌等)而竞争
compete with/against (sb.) 与(某人)竞争/比赛
(2)competition n. 竞争；竞赛
in competition with 与……竞争
(3)competitive adj. 竞争(性)的
2．search for寻找；搜寻
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Many young people gravitate to the cities in search work.
②They searched far and wide the missing child.
③An excited feeling bubbled up inside Ally as she .
当艾莉在天空中搜寻时，一种兴奋的感觉涌上心头。
of
for
searched the sky
系统归纳 (1)in one's search for 寻找
in search of 寻找；搜寻；寻求
(2)search sth./sb. 搜查某物/搜身
search ...for ... 为找到……而搜查……
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
过去进行时的被动语态
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The bridge (build) this time last month.Now we can cross it.
②The trees (plant) from Monday to Friday last week by us.
was being built
were being planted
③ those days
那些天这些歌一直在被演唱吗？
④What to the machine then
那时对这台机器要采取什么措施？
⑤Two of the glasses were broken when .
在清洗时，有两只玻璃杯被打碎了。
⑥We had to take another way because .
我们不得不改道，因为那条路正在被修理。
Were the songs being sung
was being done
they were being washed
the road was being repaired
[谨记规则]
(1)过去进行时的被动语态形式为：was/were＋being＋done。
(2)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某个时间点正在进行或者发生的被动动作。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．intention n．意图，目的
常见考法 (1)with the intention of doing sth. 怀着做某事的意图/目的
(2)intend vt. 打算，计划，想要
intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
(3)be intended for ... 为……准备/设计的
be intended to be/do sth. 目的是作为某物/做某事
升维考法 had intended to do sth.可表示虚拟，意为“本来打算做某事”，此时也可使用不定式的完成式intended to have done sth.。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Last weekend, our class took part in a picking activity, which is_________ (intend) for experiencing the joy of doing farm work in person.
②I had no intention becoming an artist when I was young.
③They intended a large sum of money the development of the tourist industry.
④The activity is intended (expose) students to a wide range of English reading materials.
intended
of
for
to expose
?细练升维考法(句型转换)
⑤They had intended to go into the country for the day, but were put off by the traffic jams.
→They into the country for the day, but were put off by the traffic jams.
intended to have gone
2．convincing adj.有说服力的，使人信服的
常见考法 (1)convinced adj. 坚信的；确信的
be convinced of/that ... 确信……；坚信……
(2)convince v. 使确信，使信服
convince sb.to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事
升维考法 (1)convinced adj.表示“信服的”，而convincing adj.表示“令人信服的”。
(2)“动词＋sb.＋of＋sth.”的结构还有：remind/rob/suspect/cure/warn＋sb.＋of＋sth.。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①You'll need to convince them your enthusiasm for the job.
②I've been trying to convince him (see) a doctor.
③I have (convince) that the print media are more accurate and more reliable than television.
④So far, they have not offered any (convince) explanation.
of
to see
been convinced
convincing
?细练升维考法[对比填空(convinced/convincing)]
⑤If you want to make your argument more ,you need more examples.
⑥I am that he has made much progress in English.
convincing
convinced
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．状语从句的省略
(1)当when, while, before, after, unless, once, as if, if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。省略后从句的形式：连接词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词。
(2)状语从句的省略句中的过去分词通常应视为被动语态的省略，而不能视为完成时态的省略。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①If it is necessary, you should turn to your parents.
→ ,you should turn to your parents.
②Don't hesitate to turn to me when you are trapped in difficulties.
→Don't hesitate to turn to me .
If necessary
when trapped in difficulties
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③过马路时，你应该小心。
,you should be careful.
④旅行的路上，我们可以欣赏到美丽的景色，也可以欣赏到村镇的新面貌。
along the way, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns.
When crossing the street
While travelling
2．the way后接定语从句
当way表示“方式，方法”讲，作先行词时，若从句缺少状语，则定语从句的引导词可以是that或in which，也可以将引导词省略。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①I disliked the way.He solved the problem in the way.
→I disliked .
②Experts say the way could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You design your home in the way.
→Experts say could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.
the way (that/in which) he solved the problem
the way (that/in which) you design your home
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③这一切都是因为约翰的好主意，以及他实施的方式。
All this was because of John's bright idea, and_________________________
.
④她做成这件事的方式给我留下了深刻的印象。
I was impressed by the way .
the way (that/in which) he
(that/in which) she did it
carried it out
2020·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解D篇
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land，” said Rodney C．Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population，” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现居住在东南亚的巴瑶族人为了更好地生存，进化成了更好的潜水者。
1．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1
A．Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B．New knowledge of human evolution.
C．Recent findings of human origin.
D．Significance of food selection.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“they are finding examples ... thousand years”可以推断，作者举例主要是为了告诉读者人类进化的新知识。
2．Where do the Bajau build their houses
A．In valleys. B．Near rivers.
C．On the beach. D．Off the coast.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They have traditionally lived ... in coastal waters.”可知，巴瑶族人主要居住在沿海地区。
3．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau
A．They could walk on stilts all day.
B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater.
D．They lived on both land and water.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We were so amazed ... local islanders”可知，年轻的 Jubilado 对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待更长的时间。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea
B．Highlanders' Survival Skills
C．Basic Methods of Genetic Research
D．The World's Best Divers
答案：A
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容及第二段的研究结果“a team of researchers reported ... but to the ocean”可知，本文主要讲述了巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活，身体结构发生了变化，所以A项适合作本文的标题。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
标题归纳题的思维建模(第4题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：速读 结合主题段、主题句抓文章大意 通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现居住在东南亚的巴瑶族人为了更好地生存，进化成了更好的潜水者。
第二步：确认 文章大意关键词或概括性强或情感强烈或出现频率高 第二段中提到为了适应海洋，东南亚的一群海洋居民已经进化成更好的潜水者。结合文章最后一段中提到的“几个世纪的潜水是否导致了身体特征的进化，使他们更容易完成任务。”可确定关键词 “adaptation，evolve，ocean”。
第三步：概括 结合行文逻辑概括全文信息得出标题 本文主要讲述了巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活，身体结构发生了变化，所以“为了海上生活而重塑身体”适合作本文的标题。故选A。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. ____________
②(一词多义)On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to air or to food, but to the ocean._____
③(熟词生义)In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau._______
产物；结果
适应
研究生
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①billions of years ago ___________
②look into ___________
③adapt to _____
④evolve into _______________
⑤in recent times ___________
数十亿年前
调查；研究
适应
发展成，进化成
在当今时代
⑥grow up ___________
⑦make a living _____
⑧natural selection _________
⑨act on _____________
长大；成年
谋生
自然选择
对……起作用
三、寻结构破长句
1．Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation that helps them digest milk as adults.
抓标志：关系代词_____
判类型：主句＋定语从句
试翻译：东非和北欧的养牛人获得了一种 的突变。
that
帮助他们成年后消化牛奶
2．We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders ...
抓标志：连接词____
判类型：主句＋宾语从句
试翻译： 他们在水下停留的时间比我们当地的岛民长得多……
that
我们如此惊讶的是
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.
赏析：作者用一个常见句式She wondered if ... (她想弄明白是否……)描述了研究基因的Melissa Ilardo对巴瑶族人是否为了更好地生存，进化成了更好的潜水者这一现象的兴趣。if引导宾语从句，从句中的定语从句that made the task easier for them，运用了“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构。整个句子结构紧凑，表意清晰。
[对点练——完成句子]
① you'd be kind enough to give us some information.
我想知道是否你能足够友好，给我们一些信息。
②We must to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.
我们必须使公众明白应该做一些事情来制止污染。
I wonder if
make it clear
2.(赏用词之美)“It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population，” said Dr. Ilardo.
赏析：句中seem(好像，似乎)表示其后内容为推断，like体现了推断的客观性；形容词perfect(完美的)修饰名词chance，表现了对这个机会的重视；动词短语act on(对……起作用)不落俗套，体现了说明的严谨性。整个句子用词恰当严谨，表意客观准确。
3．(赏意境之美)They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.
赏析：as divers描述了巴瑶族人的身份，现在分词短语spearfishing or harvesting shellfish作状语，描写了他们的生活常态。句子虽着墨不多，但却生动形象地描绘了一个不为太多人了解、可以在水下停留较长时间、用鱼叉捕鱼或收获贝类为生的族群，引发了读者丰富的想象。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共82张PPT)
UNIT 4 Breaking boundaries
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．tackle v． 处理，对付(难题)
2．vital adj. 极其重要的
3．tragic adj. 悲惨的，不幸的
4．combat v. 防止，抑制
5．clinic n. 诊所；门诊部
6．vomit n. 呕吐物
7．van n. 小型货车
8．twin adj. 双胞胎的
9．ward n. 病房
10．mankind n. 人类
11．cast v. 选派(角色)
12．mutual adj. 共有的，共同的
13．mount v. 走上，登上
14．slave n. 奴隶
15．endure v. 持续存在
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．boundary n. 分界线；边界
2．statistic n. (一项)统计数据
3．comrade n. 同志；朋友
4．disinfect v. 为……消毒，给……杀菌
5．outbreak n. 爆发，突然发生
6．miracle n. 意外的幸运事；奇迹
7．compensate v. 弥补，补偿
8．collaborate v. 合作，协作
9．inclusive adj. 包容广阔的
10．confederate adj. (美国内战期间)南部联邦的
11．conceive v. 构想，设想
12．liberty n. 自由
13．dedicate v. 致力于，献身于
14．battlefield n. 战场
15．portion n. 一部分
16．altogether adv. 完全
17．consecrate v. 宣布……为神圣之处
18．hallow v. 使成为神圣
19．detract v. 减低，破坏，损害
20．perish v. 死亡
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．assist v．协助，帮助→ n．援助，帮助→ n．助手，助理adj.助理的，副的
2．relieve v．给(某人)换班；解除，减轻→ n．换班的人；消除；减轻；救济
3．special adj.特殊的→ n．专家→ adv.专门地；特意；尤其
assistance
assistant
relief
specialist
specially
4．infect v．传染，使感染→ n．传染，感染→ adj.传染性的
5．devote v．献身；致力；用于→ n．奉献→ adj.挚爱的；忠诚的
6．real adj.真正的→ adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的，现实的，实际的→ adv.真正地→ n．现实→ vt.实现
infection
infectious
devotion
devoted
realistic
really
reality
realize
7．minority n．少数派；少数→ adj.次要的，较小的→________ n．多数派；多数
8．join v．参加，联合→ adj.联合的，共同的
9．harmony n．和睦，和谐→ adj.和睦的，融洽的，和谐的→______________adv.和谐地
10．reward n．& v．奖励；奖赏；(给予)报酬→ adj.值得做的，有意义的
minor
majority
joint
harmonious
harmoniously
rewarding
11．civil adj.平民的，国民的，公民的→ adj.平民的；百姓的 n．平民，百姓
12．union n．联邦，联盟，协会，工会→ v．联合，团结→ _______adj.联合的；一致的；团结的
13．divide v．分开→ n .分歧，分裂
civilian
unite
united
division
14．noble 高尚的；贵族的 n．贵族→ adv. 高尚地，崇高地
15．influence n．& v．影响→ adj.有影响力的
16．communist adj. 共产主义的→ n．共产主义
nobly
influential
communism
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.前缀“en-”动词知多少
①endure 持续存在 ②enable 使能够
③enlarge 扩大 ④ensure 确保，担保
⑤entitle 给……命名 ⑥enrich 使充实
⑦endanger 使……遭遇危险
2.大家一起来“帮助”
①assist ②aid
③favour ④help/help out
⑤give sb.a hand ⑥do sb.a favour
3.各种“奖赏”要区分
①reward n． 报酬；奖赏
vt. 给予报酬；奖赏
②award n. 奖品；奖金；奖状
vt. 授予；奖给
③prize n. 奖金；奖品
④bonus n. 奖金；红利
⑤bounty n. 奖金；赏金
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 心存侥幸；冒险
2． 把……置于危险之中
3． 被卷入；牵涉
4． 纪念；追念
5． 以巨大的代价
take any chances
put ...at risk
be caught up in
in memory of
at a great cost
6． 为……而受苦
7． 展望未来
8． 使产生；使出现
9． 献身；把(时间、精力等)用于
10． 从事于，参加
11． 白白地；白费力气地
suffer for
look to the future
bring forth
dedicate to
engage in
in vain
[联想串记]
1.“at＋a＋n.”短语小结
at a great cost 以巨大的代价
at a speed 以……速度
at a loss 不知所措；困惑
at a stage 在某一阶段
at a time 依次；逐一
2.“in＋n.(抽象名词)”短语
in vain 白白地；白费力气地
in trouble 在困境中 in danger 处于危险中
in return 作为回报 in detail 详细地
in order 井然有序 in power 当权
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．现在分词作宾语补足语
教材原句 As she talked, I could hear at least three different languages being spoken at the tables around us.
她说话的时候，我可以听到隔壁桌传过来的谈话声，至少混着三种不同的语言。
推荐佳句 ①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.
然后杰夫注意到蒸汽从锅里喷出来，盖子开始摇晃。
②(新教材人教版选择性必修4佳句)I loved listening to the family talking softly to each other in their language, even though I could not participate much in the conversation.
我喜欢听这家人用他们的语言轻声地交谈，虽然我无法参与多少他们的谈话。
续表
2.It is up to sb.to do ...
教材原句 Now it was up to the living to remove not only the divisions between North and South, but the boundaries between black and white, and work step by step towards the equality of humankind.
现在，责任落到了生者身上，不仅要消除南北之间的分歧，还要打破黑人与白人之间的界限，一步一步朝着实现人类平等而努力。
推荐佳句 ①(2020·北京高考书面表达)It‘s up to you to find out what your goals really are.
你真正的目标是什么，只能由你来决定。
②(新教材北师大版选择性必修3佳句) The truth is that you are the boss of your career, and it is up to you to decide what you can do and how well you can do it.
实际上，你才是自己职业生涯的老板，也只有你才能决定自己能做什么、能做多好。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“疲惫”
The storm was so huge that I couldn't pull myself out of the water. After a while, I felt rather tired and out of breath. I almost gave up and thought I would lose my life in the sea. I also felt regret that I didn't listen to what the old man told me before. I felt deeper and deeper into the wave.
暴风雨太大了，我无法把自己从水里拉出来。过了一会儿，我觉得很累，上气不接下气。我几乎放弃了，认为我会在海里失去我的生命。我也感到后悔，我没有听以前老人告诉我的话。我感到自己在海浪中越来越深。
[点评] 本段中的“couldn't pull myself out of，felt rather tired and out of breath，felt deeper and deeper into the wave”等词汇描述了作者掉入海里后拼命挣扎，感到无助、十分疲惫的情形。常用的描写人物疲惫的词汇有：tired, exhausted, weary, worn out等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Strong, generous and confident, she has (高尚地) served the people.
2． (国内的) war eventually led to a permanent division of the country.
3．As a saying goes that many a little makes a (奇迹)．
nobly
Civil
miracle
4．If elected, I would (奉献) all my energy and wisdom to the class.
5．What's worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it_____ (极其重要的) to obey traffic rules.
6．The (双胞胎) were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day.
dedicate/devote
vital
twins
7．Hearing this, the little girl counted money in her purse — two dollars __________(总共)．
8．Finding a (诊所) nearby, they went inside and told the receptionist what had happened.
9．In other words, money is so useful that it is impossible for (人类) to live without it.
10．What's more, during the COVID-19 (爆发), it can reduce going out and avoid risks.
altogether
clinic
mankind
outbreak
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．She is one of the most (influence) figures in local politics.
2．All of us appreciate her (devote) to the poor children in the centre.
3．Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and __________ (reward) experience.
influential
devotion
rewarding
4．With our (join) efforts, I am sure our goal will be achieved.
5．We should have a (harmony) balance between exercise and rest.
6．Without your (assist), I really felt lonely and helpless.
7．Though one should have dreams, it's not (realize) to exist on dreams.
joint
harmonious
assistance
realistic
8．As we all know, telling lies will have a bad influence our character and behavior.
9．Lin Qiaozhi was a doctor who became a (special) in women's illness.
10．To our (relieve)，we arrived at grandparents' place and went back to our home with all of four people.
on
specialist
relief
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．He finished the difficult work .
2．She vowed to herself that she would her life scientific studies.
3．In the next few days, we searched everywhere for Spotty, but .
in memory of， assist in， be caught up in， suffer for， at a great cost， in vain， be engagedin， dedicate to
at a great cost
dedicate
to
in vain
4．He doing his French exercises, so he has no free time.
5．I the novel so much that I forgot going to bed.
6．We are looking for students who would be willing to school newspaper.
7．We celebrate the Tomb-Sweeping Day, which usually falls on 4th April, ______________our ancestors.
8．Every dog has his day.She will eventually all the bad things she is doing.
is engaged in
was caught up in
assist in
in memory of
suffer for
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)These are my suggestions but which route to choose.
这些是我的建议，但要由你决定选择哪条路线。
2．(完成句子)Having witnessed the accident, I make a statement to the police.
目睹了那次事故，我觉得我有责任向警方作一个陈述。
it is up to you to decide
felt it my duty to
3．(同义转换)Van Gogh had an influence on the development of modern painting.
→Van Gogh the development of modern painting.
→Van Gogh the development of modern painting.
influenced/affected
had an effect on/upon
4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Then, mother bit into the French toast and said that it was the most delicious one she had ever tasted.
→Then, mother bit into the French toast, it was the most delicious one she had ever tasted.(用分词作状语改写句子)
5．When he awoke, he found that he was being looked after by an old woman.
→When he awoke, he by an old woman.(用分词作宾语补足语改写句子)
saying that
found himself being looked after
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．minority n．少数派；少数；少数人；少数民族
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Some (minor) languages are losing their identities because of the invasion of more popular spoken ones.
minority
②Even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them ____(be) really friendly and I've made some good friends.
③Although most people have dreams, can make their dreams a reality.
尽管多数人都有梦想，可是他们中只有少数人能使自己的梦想成真。
are
only a/the minority of them
系统归纳 (1)be in a/the minority 占少数
a/the minority of 少数……
(2)majority n. 多数派；多数
be in a/the majority 占多数
a/the majority of ... 大多数……
微点提醒 (1)minority/majority作主语，强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；强调群体中的每一个个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)the minority/majority of＋n.作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词的单复数相一致。
2.dedicate v．致力于，献身于
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①There is no doubt that the best prize in life is the opportunity to dedicate to a career that is worthy of (dedicate)．
②There are many respectable people around us, but nobody is more warm-hearted and (dedicate) than our English teacher, Ms Li.
dedication
dedicated
③I'll never forget my teacher under whose influence I took up teaching, determined to .
我永远不会忘记我的老师，在他的影响下，我开始从事教学工作，决心献身于有意义的事业。
系统归纳 (1)dedicate one's time/life/oneself to (doing) sth.
致力于，献身于(做)某事
(2)dedicated adj. 献身的；专心致志的；一心一意的
be dedicated to sth. 专心于/献身于某事物
dedication n. 献身，奉献
dedicate myself to the rewarding career
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．it代替不定式短语作形式主语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It was foolish of you (leave) school at such a young age.
②It was pretty hard for him (bring) up the child on his own.
③I badly need to improve my oral English, so a native speaker to learn from.
我急需提高我的英语口语，因此对我来说找到一个可以向其学习的当地人真是太好了。
to leave
to bring
it is great for me to find
2．it代替动名词短语作形式主语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It's a waste of time (reason) with him.
② without taking action.
只说不做是没有用的。
reasoning
It is no use talking
3．it代替主语从句作形式主语
(完成句子)
① smartphones play an important role in our daily life.
智能手机在我们日常生活中扮演重要的角色，这是事实。
② the typhoon had caused a lot of damage.
据说台风已造成了很多的破坏。
It is true that
It was said that
[谨记规则]
(1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子结构平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而用形式主语it代替句子的逻辑主语。
(2)常用于以下句型中：
It＋be＋形容词/名词＋(for/of sb.) to do sth.
It＋be＋no use/no good/no fun/useless/a waste of time ...＋doing sth.
It＋be＋形容词/名词/过去分词＋从句
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．assist v．协助，帮助，援助
常见 考法 (1)assist sb.in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist (sb.) in/with sth. 帮助(某人)某事
(2)assistance n. 援助，帮助
come to one's assistance 援助某人
with one's assistance/with the assistance of sb. 在某人的帮助下
升维考法 assist作动词时，后面可加不定式或in＋v.-ing形式。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①We're looking for volunteers who would be willing to assist the group's work.
②The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical (assist)．
③ the assistance of his teacher, he gradually adjusted to the school life.
in/with
assistance
With
?细练升维考法(一句多译 )
在我的日常生活中，我认为帮助母亲做家务是我的责任。
④In my daily life, I think it is my duty to the housework.
⑤In my daily life, I think it is my duty to the housework.
⑥In my daily life, I think it is my duty to the housework.
assist my mother in/with
assist my mother to do
assist my mother in doing
2．devotion n．奉献；献身；忠诚
常见考法 (1)devotion to ... 对……的忠诚/关爱
(2)devote v. 专心；献身；致力
devote oneself/one's life to (doing) sth.
献身于/致力于/专心于(做)某事
(3)devoted adj. 挚爱的；忠诚的
be devoted to 致力于；专心于
升维考法 (1)devote ...to ...中的to为介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。类似的短语有：adapt ...to；adjust ...to；addict ...to；apply ...to; attach ...to。
(2)“致力于，奉献于”的多种表达：devote oneself to/be devoted to; commit oneself to/be committed to；dedicate oneself to/be dedicated to
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①This distinguished ecologist (devote) to the conservation of this wetland.
②Her (devote) to the job left her with very little free time.
③There is absolutely no doubt that this woman was a totally_________ (devote) and caring mother.
④The woman scientist has devoted herself to (protect) wildlife.
is/was devoted
devotion
devoted
protecting
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
一心投入到教育失聪儿童，这位年轻女士很少有时
间照顾她自己的女儿。
⑤ teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词作状语)
⑥ teaching the deaf children，the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词作状语)
Devoting/Committing/Dedicating herself to
Devoted/Committed/Dedicated to
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
现在分词作宾语补足语
(1)现在分词作宾语补足语时，如果动词的宾语和宾语补足语有逻辑上的动宾关系，则宾语补足语用being done形式；如果动词的宾语和宾语补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系，则宾语补足语用doing形式。
(2)可用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词或短语有：
①感官动词或短语：feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 等；
②使役动词：get, have, keep, set, start等；
③其他动词：leave, catch, discover, find, send等。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(单句语法填空)
①He could feel himself (draw) back into familiar world.
②He discovered her (sit) near the fire, reading a book.
③They then heard a woman's voice (come) from the wrecked vehicle.
being drawn
sitting
coming
④Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it________________ (perform) live is quite another.
⑤The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop) after great effort.
being performed
developed
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③我们看到越来越多的古建筑正在被破坏或拆除。
We see more and more ancient buildings .
④我们一到农场，就发现树枝上挂着许多橘子。
Hardly had we arrived at the farm when we___________________________
.
being destroyed or pulled down
found many oranges hanging
from the branches
2021·浙江6月高考·阅读理解C篇
If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something.Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images (图像) of the same person making either a happy or an angry face.During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face.The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face or images totally different from the ones used in training.The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. “We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth，” said study author Corsin Müller. “Instead，our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.”
“With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions，” Müller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. “To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions，” and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Müller said.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关狗的研究。实验研究表明，狗能够识别人类的面部表情是高兴还是愤怒。
1．The new study focused on whether dogs can .
A．distinguish shapes
B．make sense of human faces
C．feel happy or angry
D．communicate with each other
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，一项新的研究表明，狗可能真的可以辨别人的面部表情是高兴还是愤怒。下文详细介绍了研究过程和结论：狗能够识别人的面部表情。倒数第二段中的“With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions”一句明确给出了结论。
2．What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2
A．Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B．Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C．Pictures used in the two stages were different.
D．The dogs were photographed before the test.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers then tested ... used in training.”可知，研究人员给狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像。由此可知，在两个测试阶段，狗看到的照片是不一样的。
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．A suggestion for future studies.
B．A possible reason for the study findings.
C．A major limitation of the study.
D．An explanation of the research method.
答案：B
解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段第一句可知，本段主要探讨狗具备识别人类表情的能力的原因。下文给出了具体解释：狗与人类居住在一起，有很多机会接触到人类的表情，这种接触使狗学会辨别人类的面部表情。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
段落大意题的思维建模(第3题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)If you ever get the impression that your dog can “tell” whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto something. ______
②(一词多义)Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study._____
辨别
表情
③(熟词生义)To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions ... ；_____
似乎
接触
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①facial expressions _________
②be onto something _________
③distinguish between ___________
④in the testing stage ___________
⑤rule out _______________
面部表情
有些想法
辨别；分辨
在测试阶段
把……排除在外
⑥be based on _____________
⑦apply to _______________
⑧at this point _____________
⑨be equipped with _____________
⑩lie in _____
provide sb. with sth. ________________
以……为基础
适用于；应用于
目前，在这时
具备；配备着
在于
为某人提供某物
三、寻结构破长句
1．The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage.
抓标志：被省略的连接词that；连接词______
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个宾语从句)
试翻译：研究表明，这些动物已经知道如何将_____________________
应用到测试阶段的新表情上。
what
它们在训练中学到的
关于人类表情的知识
2．Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.
抓标志：并列连词 ;连接词_________
判类型：复合句(宾语从句里含有一个宾语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句(含有分词短语作定语)
and
that; that
试翻译：相反，我们的结果表明，成功的狗意识到 ，且同样的规则适用于有着相同含义的愤怒的嘴和愤怒的眼睛。
微笑的嘴和微笑的眼睛意味着同样的情形
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the same person making either a happy or an angry face.
赏析：句中动词不定式短语to distinguish between images of the same person作目的状语；现在分词短语making either a happy or an angry face作定语，修饰名词person。两个非谓语动词短语的使用，使得句子结构紧凑，表意丰富。
[对点练——完成句子]
① ,I read a lot of books ________________
.
为了在这次演讲比赛中表现得好，我翻看了很多讲述演讲技巧的书。
②He often goes to the club from his classmates____________
.
他经常去俱乐部向学习音乐专业的同学寻求建议。
To do well in the speech contest
telling about
to seek advice
speech skills
majoring in
music
2．(赏用词之美)Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new study.
赏析：本句运用distinguish(区分；辨别)明确说明了狗区分开心和生气表情的能力，而且indeed(的确)，be able to(有能力……)和情态动词may(可能)的使用，使得表达客观，引发读者的阅读兴趣。
3．(赏意境之美)The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
赏析：狗用鼻子触碰画面，来选出生气或者开心的表情。此句用生动形象极具画面感的场景说明了实验结果。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
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UNIT 5 A delicate world
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．rat n． 大老鼠
2．chaos n. 大混乱；紊乱
3．virus n. 病毒
4．trap n. 夹子，陷阱
5．owe v. 应该做；对……负有……的义务
6．pest n. 有害小动物；害虫
7．session n. 一段时间
8．herbal adj. 用香(药)草制成的
9．status n. 地位；身份
10．vast adj. 巨大的；广大的
11．thrive v. 茁壮成长
12．fossil n. 化石
13．floral adj. 花的
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．halfway adj. 中间的，半途的
2．heritage n. 遗产；传统
3．inhabitant n. 栖居的动物
4．penguin n. 企鹅
5．habitat n. 栖息地
6．appetite n. 胃口，食欲
7．multiply v. (使)大大增加，(使)倍增
8．vegetation n. 植物，草木(总称)
9．erosion n. 侵蚀
10．parakeet n. 长尾(小)鹦鹉
11．decrease v. (使)减少；(使)变小
12．immunity n. 免疫力
13．collapse v. 倒坍；塌下
14．substantial adj. 大量的，多的
15．incident n. 事件
16．postscript n. 附言
17．dissolve v. (使)溶解
18．nutrient n. 养分，营养物
19．criterion n. 标准，准则
20．altitude n. 海拔(高度)
21．variation n. 差异；变化
22．vertebrate n. 脊椎动物
23．beehive n. 蜂房，蜂箱
24．elsewhere adv. 在别处
25．coexist v. 共存，共处
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．drama n．戏剧，戏剧性事件→ adj.巨大的，急剧的；戏剧性的→ adv.显著地
2．subsequent adj.后来的，随后的→ adv.后来，随后
3．conserve vt.保护，保存→ n．保护
4．depart v．离开；出发，起程 → n．离开
dramatic
dramatically
subsequently
conservation
departure
5．explode v．突然增加→ n．突增，激增，爆炸→___________ adj.易爆炸的
6．intervene v．干预；介入；插嘴→ n.干预，介入
7．ecology n．生态，生态学→ adj.生态的 → n．
生态学家
8．compare v．比较→ n．比较→ adj.比较的
explosion
explosive
intervention
ecological
ecologist
comparison
comparative
9．vision n．视力；视野；图像；幻象；想象力→ adj.视觉的
10．mystery n．神秘，神秘的人(或事物)→ adj.神秘的
11．prosper v．兴旺，发达；繁荣→ n．兴旺，繁荣，成功，昌盛→ adj.繁荣的，兴旺的
12．rare adj. 稀有的，罕见的→ adv.很少地；难得；罕有地
13．biology n．生物学；生理→ adj.生物的，与生物有关的→ __________adv.生物学地→ n．生物学家
visual
mysterious
prosperity
prosperous
rarely
biological
biologically
biologist
14．apparent adj.明显的；显而易见的→ adv.据说；看来，似乎
15．endanger v．使遭危险；危及；危害→ adj.濒临灭绝的，
濒危的
16．invade v．侵略；侵袭；侵扰；涌入→ n .涌入
17．secure adj.稳固的；安全的→ n．安全
18．greet v．问候，招呼→ n．问候，招呼
apparently
endangered
invasion
security
greeting
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.“由于，因为”多表达
①owing to ②due to
③because of ④thanks to
⑤on account of ⑥as a result/consequence of
2.种种“事情”会区分
①incident n． 事件
②thing n. 事情；事件
③event n. 事件；赛事
④matter n. 事情；情况
⑤accident n. 事故；意外事件
⑥affair n. 事件；事情
3.后缀-ive形容词需聚焦
①comparative 比较的
②impressive 使人印象深刻的
③creative 有创造力的
④constructive 建设性的
⑤instructive 有教育意义的
⑥attractive 有吸引力的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 未能做某事
2． 与……协调，与……和睦
3． 代表
4． 被引进
fail to do sth.
in harmony with
on behalf of
be introduced to
5． 失去控制，无法管理
6． 使……从……消失
7． 从……减少到……
8． 结果，因此
out of control
remove ...from ...
decrease from ...to ...
in consequence
[联想串记]
1.“of结尾”短语聚会
on behalf of 代表 in terms of 依照……
as a result of 由于；因为 in spite of 尽管；不管
on account of 由于
2.“out of＋n.”短语集锦
out of control 失去控制
out of condition 身体不好，状况欠佳
out of date 过时的
out of breath 气喘吁吁
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．否定副词引起的部分倒装句
教材原句 Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
推荐佳句 ①Nor am I aware that anyone else knows the secret.
我也不知道别人谁还能知道这个秘密。
②(新教材译林版选择性必修4佳句)Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life.
我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光。
③Not once did mother blame me for my poor performance in school.
妈妈从来没有因为我在学校的糟糕表现而责备过我。
续表
2.现在分词短语作结果状语
教材原句 The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3,000 metres above sea level, giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”．
该地区的海拔从大约400米上升到3 000多米，被称为“华中屋脊”。
推荐佳句 ①Students tried multiple ways when learning English， finding the way which suits them most.
学生们在学习英语时尝试了多种方法，从而找到最适合他们的方法。
推荐佳句 ②(新教材人教版选择性必修3佳句)Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth's climate warm and habitable.
大气层中甲烷、二氧化碳等温室气体困住了部分热量，从而使地球保持气候温暖、适宜居住。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“困惑”
Much to my surprise, Evelyn added that she thought it was cool when I talked to my parents with my hands. I breathed a sigh of relief. “Do you really think so？” I asked cautiously, still in doubt. Evelyn nodded with a serious look on her face. “It's like a secret code. Would you teach me some sign languages, please？” Staring at her with confusion, I hesitated.
令我非常惊讶的是，伊芙琳补充说，她觉得我用手和父母说话很酷。我松了一口气。“你真的这么认为吗？”我小心翼翼地问，心里仍然疑惑。伊芙琳严肃地点点头。“这就像一个密码。你能教我一些手语吗？”我困惑地盯着她，犹豫了一下。
[点评] 本段中使用了一般疑问句，以及in doubt, with confusion等表达描写了作者的困惑心情。常用的描写人物困惑的词汇有：puzzled，confused, at a loss等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Few countries have as rich a diversity of (栖息地) as South Africa.
2．The plane crashed and the bomb that it carried (爆炸) when it hit the ground.
3．Do not blame your food because you have no (胃口)．
habitat
exploded
appetite
4．By the time he realizes he has fallen into a (陷阱), it'll be too late.
5．Clusters of stars decorated the (巨大的) sky like sparkling jewels.
6．Traditional festivals represent part of the Chinese nation's culture ________(遗产)．
7．After the (事件), Amy considered his father as one of the greatest heroes.
trap
Vast
heritage
incident
8．With no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice ___________(大大增加) quickly.
9．The number of teaching staff members in this school has (减少) to 20 persons.
10．Maybe we can see some (罕见的) insects and animals, such as fireflies and whippoorwills!
multiplied
decreased
rare
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Those places are modern by (compare) with those poor villages.
2．The time for my (depart) from Japan is drawing near.
3．The site is a very (mystery) place to explore.
4．The whole (ecology) balance of the Earth is changing.
comparison
departure
mysterious
ecological
5．His quality of life has improved (dramatic) since the operation.
6．This law provides protection for (endanger) animals and plants.
7．Being the gathering place, campus' (secure) turns out to be very significant.
8．With more knowledge in these fields, we can become___________ (biology) in the future.
dramatically
endangered
security
biologists
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．The car was and hit a big tree by the road.
2．She was over the age limit and, ,her application was rejected.
in consequence， in harmony with， on behalf of， remove ...from ...， out of control
out of control
in consequence
3．We must never lose sight of the fact that man must live_______________ nature.
4．When we fat and salt food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
5． the Students' Union, I'd like to put forward a proposal to save water on our campus.
in harmony with
remove
from
On behalf of
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)Mr Jason he wants to cooperate with our company.
杰森先生明确表示他想与我们公司合作。
2．(完成句子) the more photos you took, the less delicious the food seemed to you.
结果是，你拍的照片越多，食物对你来说就越不美味。
makes it clear that
It turned out that
3．(一句多译)由于缺乏经验，我没有把工作做好。
① ,I didn't do the work well.(because of)
② ,I didn't do the work well.(owing to)
4．She has no experience in typing, and the skill doesn't interest her.
→She has no experience in typing, .(用连词nor改写句子)
Because of my lack of experience
Owing to my lack of experience
nor does the skill interest her
5．The sun began to rise in the sky and bathed the mountain in golden light.
→The sun began to rise in the sky, in golden light.(用分词作状语改写句子)
bathing the mountain
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．decrease v．(使)变小，(使)减少n.减少
?单句语法填空
①The number of new students decreased from 210 160 this year.
②The production cost of these trucks has decreased one third compared to last year.
to
by
?选词填空(increase, decrease)
③People should the amount of fat they eat.
④Smoking can the risk of developing heart disease.
系统归纳 (1)decrease by ... 减少了……
decrease to ... 减少到……
decrease from ...to ... 从……减少到……
(2)a decrease in ... ……的减少
on the decrease/increase 在减少/增加
微点提醒 decrease to表示“减少到”；而decrease by则表示“减少了”。
decrease
increase
2．out of control失去控制，无法管理
(完成句子)
①On his way back to the Earth, the spacecraft .
在他返回地球的途中，宇宙飞船开始失去控制。
②While you cannot turn back the clock, you can .
尽管你不能让时间倒流，但你可以掌控你的生活。
was out of control
take control of your life
③You have to be yourself before you are__________________
.
在你能够控制自己的表现之前，先得控制自己。
系统归纳 lose control of 失去对……的控制
beyond (one's) control (某人)无法控制
be under control 被控制住，处于控制之下
be in control of 控制，掌管
be in the control of ... 在……的控制/掌管下
bring ...under control 把……控制住
take control of ... 对……进行控制
in control of
in control of your
performance
3．on behalf of代表
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021·浙江1月高考)Please allow me to send the best regards and genuine greetings behalf of our school.
② everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey when you return to your country.
我代表这里的每一个人祝你回国时旅途愉快。
on
On behalf of
③I then made it a point to attend those meetings _______________________
and learn all I could.
然后我代表我的公司特意参加了那些会议，并尽我所能地学习。
系统归纳 on behalf of sb.＝on one's behalf
代表(或代替)某人；为了某人；为帮助某人
stand for/represent 代表
on behalf of my company
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
it作形式宾语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①First of all, I think it very important (make) more friends abroad.
②Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
to make
it
③ you could help me learn English.
如果你能帮我学英语，我将感激不尽。
④I with him.
我认为和他争论是没有用的。
⑤We all Mike can succeed.
我们都想当然地认为迈克能成功。
[谨记规则]
it常可代替不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面。
I'd appreciate it if
think it no use arguing
take it for granted that
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．owe v．应该做；对……负有……的义务
常见考法 owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物
owe sth.to sb./sth. 把某事归功于某人/某物
owe thanks to sb. 感谢某人
owing to 因为，由于
升维考法 owe it to sb.that ...把……归功于某人(it作形式宾语，that从句作真正的宾语)
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He owed much of his success and happiness his wife and children.
② (owe) to the strict regulations, accidents have decreased in frequency over recent years.
to
Owing
③Wherever we are today, we who have given and taught us so much.
如今无论我们身在何处，都要感谢我们的父母，是他们给予了我们很多，教会了我们很多。
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
④I we succeeded in doing the experiment.
我把成功做成这项实验归功于你。
owe thanks to our parents
owe it to you that
2．comparison n．比较
常见考法 (1)by comparison 相比之下
by/in comparison with ... 与……相比较
make a comparison 作比较
(2)compare v. 比较
compare ...with/to ... 把……和……相比
compare ... to ... 把……比作……；与……相比
(3)beyond/without compare 无与伦比；举世无双
升维考法 compare的过去分词短语形式用作状语时，不管同类比较还是异类比较，compared with和compared to都可以用。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①By (compare), the brains of apes require only 8% of rest-time energy.
② (compare) with traditional teaching method, CAI teaching method has the obvious superiority.
③Emerald starlings are fairly small when (compare) with other such birds.
comparison
Compared
compared
?细练升维考法(一句多译 )
和其他申请者相比，你更适合这项工作。
④ ,the job is most suitable for you.
⑤ ,you are most suited to the job.
When we compare you with other applicants
Compared with other applicants
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
现在分词(短语)作状语
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句。
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语，有一般式(doing)、完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。
(3)现在分词(短语)作状语时，如果表示否定，not放在现在分词(短语)前面。
(4)一般情况下，现在分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；如果作状语的分词(短语)的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，分词(短语)就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
注意：是用现在分词(短语)还是过去分词(短语)作状语的关键，首先是要分清与逻辑主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动，其次是分清其动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①Because he has achieved remarkable results, he was appointed captain of the national team.
→ ,he was appointed captain of the national team.
②Much advanced technology has been introduced, and it has led to a great increase in production in the company.
→Much advanced technology has been introduced,_____________________
.
Having achieved remarkable results
leading to a great
increase in production in the company
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③写完这部英文短剧后，我们不希望任何不合适的东西破坏了这部剧。
,we don't want anything inappropriate to spoil the play.
④南希没有被邀请参加聚会，很不高兴。
to the party, Nancy was very upset.
Having written the English short play
Not having been invited
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在救助羔羊后发现拖拉机突然移动，差点酿成大祸，而这场意外的“罪魁祸首”是他的狗 Don 。
1．A.dropped B．spotted
C．carried D．returned
答案：B
解析：根据语境可知，一天早上，“我”发现了一头迷路的羔羊，故选B项。spot“发现，看见”。
2．A.kids B．friends
C．owner D．mother
答案：D
解析：根据第三段开头“Lamb and mother”可知，羔羊与母亲分开了，故选D项。
3．A.ask about B．play with
C．tend to D．run into
答案：C
解析：根据语境可知，“我”跳下了拖拉机，去照看羔羊，而“我”的狗Don留在了拖拉机的座位上。tend to 是固定词组，表示“照管，照看”。
4．A.freed B．switched
C．reunited D．examined
答案：C
解析：根据上文的“The lamb had become separated from its”可知，羔羊与母亲团聚了，故选C项。
5．A.unexpected B．dangerous
C．embarrassing D．difficult
答案：A
解析：根据上文的“only to see it move suddenly”和下文的“I had put the handbrake on”可知，“我”看见拖拉机突然动了，而“我”之前是拉了手刹的，所以这让作者非常意想不到，故选A项。
6．A.Fortunately B．Generally
C．Immediately D．Obviously
答案：D
解析：根据上下文可知，“我”认为这很明显是Don造成的，因为当时只有它在拖拉机上，故选D项。
7．A.lamb B．vehicle
C．seat D．fence
答案：B
解析：此处的vehicle 指代上文一直提到的“我”的拖拉机(tractor)。
8．A.saw B．stopped
C．remembered D．drove
答案：A
解析：根据语境可知，“我”看到“我”的拖拉机朝着高速公路移去。
9．A.crowd B．motorway
C．field D．hill
答案：B
解析：参见上题解析。文中第二段的“a motorway”亦是提示。
10．A.take off B．catch up
C．hold back D．get out
答案：B
解析：根据上文的“but”和下文的“It crashed ...disappeared.”可知，“我”竭尽全力去追赶“我”的拖拉机，但没追上，故选B项。
11．A.real B．best
C．basic D．last
答案：D
解析：根据语境可知，“我”看到的最后的东西就是坐在拖拉机上的Don的脸，故选D项。
12．A.fixed B．noticed
C．reached D．closed
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“looked over”可知，“我”来到栅栏边查看“我”的拖拉机，故选C项。
13．A.resting B．running
C．parking D．turning
答案：A
解析：根据上下文可知，拖拉机正靠在高速公路中央隔离带的防撞护栏上，故选A项。
14．A.steep B．long
C．rough D．busy
答案：D
解析：根据下文的“fast-flowing traffic”可知，这是一条繁忙的高速公路，故选D项。
15．A.abandoned B．approached
C．recognized D．repaired
答案：B
解析：根据语境可知，“我”没有看到Don，但当“我”靠近拖拉机的时候，它一下子跳到了马路上。approach“靠近”。
16．A.unclean B．uncertain
C．unhurt D．unhappy
答案：C
解析：根据上文的“jumped out”和下文的“dashed back to me”可知，Don明显没有受伤，故选C项。
17．A.arrived B．replied
C．survived D．waited
答案：A
解析：根据下文和常识可知，警察到了，故选A项。
18．A.ability B．dream
C．luck D．idea
答案：C
解析：根据上下文可知，这场意外并没有造成任何的人员伤亡，这是“我”的幸运，故选C项。
19．A.common B．confusing
C．desirable D．awful
答案：D
解析：这场意外的后果本可能会很糟糕，故选D项。
20．A.meal B．test
C．job D．lesson
答案：A
解析：根据下文可知，“我”给Don 提供了特殊的晚餐，故选A项。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
词汇复现题的思维建模(第7题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：顺句意 理解基本句意 很明显，唐不知怎么就让动了起来。
第二步：找依据 根据上下文逻辑关系找依据 词汇复现指通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。vehicle是上文一直提到的“我”的拖拉机(tractor)的上义词。
第三步：会辨析 辨析选项词汇或短语的意义，做出选择 lamb“羔羊”；vehicle“车辆”； seat“座位”； fence“篱笆”。 故选B。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)I've been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. _____
②(一词多义)One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land. _____
③(熟词生义)My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the motorway.__________
养殖
发现
突然停止
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①get about _________
②become separated from ___________
③tend to ___________
④catch up _____
四处走动
与……分离
照管，照看
赶上
⑤heart in mouth _____________
⑥turn out _______
⑦get badly hurt _________
⑧be angry with ___________
心提到嗓子眼
结果是
严重受伤
生……的气
三、寻结构破长句
1．One morning I spotted a lost lamb when I was in the top field, near where a motorway cuts through my land.
抓标志：从属连词 ；关系副词______
判类型：主句＋时间状语从句＋定语从句
试翻译：一天早上，我在一块高地上发现了一只迷路的羔羊， 。
when
where
高地附近有一条高速公路穿过我的土地
2．The lamb had become separated from its mother，so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.
抓标志：并列连词 ________
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句＋并列连词＋简单句
试翻译：羔羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以 ，而 。
so; while
我跳下拖拉机去照顾它
唐留在座位上
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Lamb and mother reunited, I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.
赏析：作者用only to see it move suddenly away from me描写了转过身来“看到拖拉机突然之间向远处驶去”的情景，出乎预料。only to do常用于表示出乎预料的结果。
[对点练——完成句子]
①He hurried to the house .
他急忙赶到那所房子，却发现空无一人。
②He lifted a rock .
他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
only to find that it was empty
only to drop it on his own feet
2.(赏用词之美)The tractor was resting against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously crossed the busy road with fast-flowing traffic.
赏析：本句中rest against, cross, miraculously, busy, fast-flowing等动词、形容词和副词的使用，生动形象地描述了拖拉机奇迹般地穿过交通繁忙、车速较快的公路，最后停靠在防护栏边的情形。
3．(赏修辞之美)Don was given a special meal that night — I didn't want him thinking I was angry with him.
赏析：作者运用拟人的手法幽默风趣地描述了自己在虚惊一场之后对小狗的厚待——a special meal。赋予狗思想感彩，体现了作者对狗的关爱，也反映了作者本人热爱动物、热爱自然、热爱生活的人生态度。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（五）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共84张PPT)
UNIT 6 Survival
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．fox n． 狐狸
2．seaside adj. 海滨的
3．suburb n. 郊区，城郊
4．thief n. 小偷，贼
5．urban adj. 城镇的，城市的
6．lamb n. 羔羊肉
7．kebab n. 烤(肉)串
8．garlic n. (大)蒜
9．hiker n. 徒步旅行者，远足者
10．kit n. 成套工具
11．clay n. 黏土
12．cave n. 洞穴
13．indoors adv. 在室内
14．fuel n. 燃料
15．blaze n. 烈火，大火
16．fierce adj. 恶劣的，极端的
17．monthly adj. 每月一次的
18．wipe v. 擦，拭，揩
19．orbit v. 环绕……运行
20．trunk n. 树干
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．predator n. 掠食动物，捕食性动物
2．newcomer n. 新来者
3．flourish v. 生长茂盛，兴盛
4．racoon n. 浣熊
5．garbage n. 垃圾
6．crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键性的
7．supplement v. 补充，增补，增加
8．eliminate v. 消除，根除
9．firefighter n. 消防队员
10．nuclear adj. 核武器的
11．hostile adj. (生长环境)恶劣的
12．unmanned adj. 无人驾驶(操纵)的
13．spacecraft n. 航天器，宇宙飞船
14．stunning adj. 极具吸引力的；令人惊奇的
15．agency n. 机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处
16．consist v. 组成
17．astronaut n. 宇航员，太空人
18．capsule n. (航天器的)密封舱，太空舱
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．crime n．罪，罪行→ adj.犯罪的n.罪犯
2．greed n．贪婪，贪欲；贪食，贪吃→ adj.贪婪的；贪心的；渴望的→ adv.贪婪地，贪心地
3．commit v．犯(错误或罪行)→ n．不得不做的事；承诺；献身，投入
4．contain v．包含，容纳→ n．容器
criminal
greedy
greedily
commitment
container
5．estimate v．估计，估算→ n．估计，判断，评价
6．migrate v．移动；移居；迁徙→ n ．迁移；移居；迁徙→ __________adj.迁徙的
7．appreciate v．欣赏；赏识→ n．欣赏；感激
8．restrict v．限制，控制→ n．限制，约束
estimation
migration
migratory
appreciation
restriction
9．optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的→ adv.乐观地；乐观主义地
10．consume v．消耗，耗费(燃料、时间、能量等)→ n．(精力、油、电等的)消耗量
11．react v．(作出)反应→ n．反应，回应
12．advance v．前进，进步→ adj.高级的；先进的
optimistically
consumption
reaction
advanced
13．terror n．恐怖；恐怖行动；恐怖的事；可怕的人→ v .使惊吓；使恐惧；使害怕→ adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的→ _________adj.感到恐惧的；非常害怕的
14．infer v．推断，推定→ n .推理；推论；推断
15．expose v．使暴露(于险境)→ n．暴露，揭露→ adj.暴露的
16．dust n．沙土，尘土→ adj.布满灰尘的
terrify
terrifying
terrified
inference
exposure
exposed
dusty
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.探索“太空”相关词
①astronaut n． 宇航员，太空人
②astronomy n． 天文学 ③satellite n． 卫星
④gravity n. 重力 ⑤orbit n. 轨道
⑥spacecraft n. 航天器，宇宙飞船
⑦universe n. 宇宙 ⑧launch vt. 发射
2.熟记“-y”后缀常见形容词
①greed →greedy 贪婪的，贪心的
②thirst→thirsty 渴的；渴望的
③taste→tasty 美味的
④sleep→sleepy 困倦的
⑤wealth→wealthy 富有的
⑥health→healthy 健康的
⑦salt→salty 咸的
3.多拾-ure结尾名词
①exposure 暴露；揭露
②pleasure 乐事；快乐
③pressure 压力；挤压
④failure 失败
⑤mixture 混合物
⑥signature 签名
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 对……负责
2． 挡道的，妨碍人的
3． 别无选择只好做某事
4． 够不到
5． 在建设之中
6． 适应，与……合得来
be responsible for
in one's way
have no choice but to do sth.
out of reach
under construction
fit in with
7． 总计
8． 处理，应付
9． 使……处于控制之下
10． 摆脱，除去
11． 彻底摧毁，消灭
12． 由……构成，由……组成
13． 在此期间，与此同时
amount to
cope with
bring ... under control
get rid of
wipe out
consist of
in the meantime
[联想串记]
1.“动词＋to”短语聚焦
amount to 总计 turn to 求助于
object to 反对 refer to 谈到；涉及
point to 指向 belong to 属于
stick to 坚持；紧跟 see to 处理；照料
2.way短语荟萃
in a way 在某种程度上，就某一点而言
all the way 一路上；自始至终
in the/one'way 挡道的，妨碍人的
by the way 顺便说一下，顺便问一下
on the/one's way to ... 在某人去……的路上
make way 让路
no way 没门儿，决不
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．as引导时间状语从句
教材原句 As our cities become greener, they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats.
随着我们的城市绿化越来越好，它们越来越吸引着寻找新栖息地的动物。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)As I started to shout encouragement, other voices around me took up the call Come on, David, and you can do it！
当我开始大声鼓励时，我周围的其他人也开始喊“加油，戴维，你能做到！”
②(新教材人教版必修1佳句)Enjoy the beautiful countryside as you spend a day driving along the new highway connecting Cusco to Lake Titicaca.
沿着连接库斯科和的的喀喀湖的新建公路，驱车行驶一日，全程饱览乡村美景。
续
表
2．“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首，句子要用部分倒装
教材原句 Only then can we look towards harmoniously sharing our urban habitats.
只有那时，我们才能展望与它们和谐分享城市栖息地的未来。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)Only in this way can we have cleaner oceans.
只有这样，我们才能拥有更清洁的海洋。
推荐佳句 ②(新教材人教版必修2佳句)Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
只有学会和自然和睦共处，我们才不会成为野生生物和地球的威胁。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“厌烦”
As the bell rang, I stood on the platform, eyes wandering across the classroom. The students seemed to be expecting another boring and dull lesson, some dropping their eyes and some whispering in the back rows. I cleared my throat and announced, “Boys and girls, let's begin with your thoughts about the literature.”
上课铃响了，我站在讲台上，目光扫视着教室。学生们似乎在期待又一堂枯燥乏味的课，有的垂下了眼睛，有的在后排窃窃私语。我清了清嗓子，宣布道：“孩子们，让我们从你们对文学的想法开始吧。”
[点评] 本段中使用了“boring and dull, some dropping their eyes and some whispering in the back rows”来描述学生们对老师的课不感兴趣，刻画了学生们厌烦的心理。本段采用先抑后扬的写作手法，为后来学生态度的改变埋下了伏笔。常用的描写人物厌烦的词汇有：bored, disgusted, tiring, be tired of, be fed up with等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A cloud of (尘土) rose in the air as the car ran past.
2．They found the (山洞) quite by accident when they were walking across the field.
3．Anna was born in 1923 in a (郊区) of Philadelphia.
4．Nowadays, people produce a lot of (垃圾) every day.
dust
cave
suburb
garbage
5．The survey was carried out in both (城市的) and rural areas.
6．The (消防员) was severely injured when he tried to put out a fire.
7． (擦) tears from his eyes, Bobby started walking down to the street where the shops were.
urban
firefighter
Wiping
8．However, this idea ignores an actual fact that life (由……组成) of both success and failure.
9．Most importantly, this activity has (激发) our passion for learning poems from different countries.
10．A recent study demonstrated that hugging is (至关重要的) to stress relief and disease prevention.
consists
fueled
crucial
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The terrible scene made all the people present at the meeting________ (terrify)．
2．When food goes bad，there are some chemical (react) taking place.
3．Food will last longer if kept in an airtight (contain)．
4．Both sides have spoken (optimistic) about the talks.
terrified
reactions
container
optimistically
5．The laws have led to a reduction in fuel (consume) in the US.
6．There is convincing evidence of a link between (expose) to sun and skin cancer.
7．In order to bring (advance) theories from foreign countries, he decided to be a translator.
8．I'm writing to convey our (appreciate) to you for the lecture concerning body language you gave us last week.
consumption
exposure
advanced
appreciation
Ⅲ.选词填空
1． ,I'll visit an old friend of mine.
2．Often times it just seems like something too far .
3．Can you give me some advice to this problem
in the meantime， cope with， out of reach， amount to， under construction， consist of， fit in with， have no choice but to
In the meantime
out of reach
cope with
4．Fearing that the bear would tear down the fence at any minute, we ___________________give him what he wanted.
5．Consumer spending on sports-related items $9.75 billion.
6．The chances are that I will English customs with the help of my host family.
had no choice but to
amounted to
fit in with
7．Two new motor roads have recently been opened, and several others are .
8．The museum, four storeys, is the first comprehensive state museum in the history of our city.
under construction
consisting of
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子) those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
2．(完成句子)In front of the house .
房子前面确实有一棵大树。
As my mother sang
does stand a tall tree
3．(一句多译)这个电影由两部分组成，介绍了我们学校的现状。
①The film, ,introduces the present situation of our school.(分词短语作定语)
②The film,___________________________________________________, introduces the present situation of our school.(定语从句)
4．(同义转换)Wherever we find rubbish, we must pick it up and put it in rubbish cans nearby.
→ find rubbish, we must pick it up and put it in rubbish cans nearby.
consisting of/made up of/composed of two parts
which consists of/is made up of/is composed of two parts
No matter where we
5．If the case is not urgent, you shouldn't call out the doctor in the middle of the night.
→Only call out the doctor in the middle of the night.(用倒装句改写句子)
if the case is urgent should you
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．appreciate v．欣赏；赏识；感激
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I really appreciate (have) time to relax with you on this nice island.
having
②My (appreciate) to you for your generous help is beyond words.
③I will be quite (appreciate) if I am offered the opportunity.
④I would me the opportunity to do something for us all.
如果你能给我机会去为我们大家做点什么，我会很感激的。
appreciation
appreciative
appreciate it if you could offer
系统归纳 (1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing 感激……
appreciate one's doing sth. 感激某人做某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
have/show appreciation of ... 对……有鉴赏力
have/show one's appreciation for ... 因……表示感谢
convey one's appreciation to sb.for sth. 因某事向某人表达感谢
(3)appreciative adj. 感激的；欣赏的
微点提醒 appreciate后不接不定式，也不能接“人”作宾语；其后只能接“事”作宾语；且其后不直接跟从句，需先接it，再接从句。类似用法的动词还有：like, enjoy, hate, love, take, have等。
续表
2.react v．(作出)反应
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Some metals can react cold water, such as potassium (钾), sodium (钠) and calcium (钙)．
②Local residents have reacted angrily the news.
③Children tend to react their parents by going against their wishes.
with
to
against
④The rise of the charges for water and electricity will react living expenses.
⑤He was surprised that his question should have caused such a strong _________(react)．
⑥When we use metals, it is important to know different substances.
当我们使用金属时，重要的是要了解它们与不同物质如何发生化学反应。
on/upon
reaction
how they react with
系统归纳 (1)react to 对……作出反应；回应
react with 与……发生化学反应
react against 反对，反抗
react on/upon 对……有影响，使……发生变化
(2)reaction n. 反应，回应
in reaction to 对……的反应
3．get rid of摆脱，除去
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Please get rid bad habits, and be environmental protection guards to maintain this beautiful home!
②Thanks to Dr Yuan Longping's research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world hunger.
③These exercises are aimed at the effects of stress and tension.
这些训练旨在消除压力与紧张的影响。
of
of
getting rid of
系统归纳 rid ... of ... 从……中去除/清除……
be rid of 摆脱；去除(表示状态)
rid oneself of ... 使某人自己摆脱……；某人从……中解脱
微点提醒 rid ... of ... 中，rid后的宾语是sb.或somewhere，摆脱或除掉的东西放在of后面。类似用法的短语还有：rob ... of ...，remind ... of ...，warn ... of ...，cure ... of ...，inform ... of ...。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
“疑问词＋-ever”及“no matter＋疑问词”
引导的让步状语从句
(用适当的引导词填空/完成句子)
① breaks the record deserves to be awarded at the sports meeting.
②As we all know, university you can enter mainly depends on your performance in the College Entrance Examination.
Whoever
whichever
③ wins the gold medal, the coach will feel happy and proud.
无论谁赢得金牌，教练都会感到高兴和自豪。
Whoever/No matter who
④ university you are admitted into, you should learn to adapt to the new surroundings and classmates as soon as possible.
无论你被哪所大学录取，你都应该尽快学会适应新环境和新同学。
⑤ she pays a visit to her grandparents, she makes it a rule to phone them in advance.
无论何时她去看望祖父母时，她都会事先给他们打电话。
Whichever/No matter which
No matter when/Whenever
[谨记规则]
(1)“no matter＋疑问词”可用来引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……”“不管……”，可与“疑问词＋-ever”互换。
(2)“疑问词＋-ever”(whatever，whichever，whoever等)还可引导名词性从句，如主语从句、宾语从句等，此时不能换为“no matter＋疑问词”。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．expose v．使暴露(于险境)；使接触；显露；揭露
常见考法 (1)expose ...to ... 使……暴露于……，使……接触……
expose sb.to sth. 使某人接触/体验某物
(2)exposed adj. 暴露的
be exposed to ... 使面临……，处于……的危险或不快中
升维考法 (1)expose ...to ...中的to是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词，常用搭配还有be exposed to。
(2)当用分词作状语时，如果表示“暴露”这种状态，则用“exposed to”； 如果表示“使……暴露”这一动作，则用“exposing ...to ...”。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Parents should expose the kids as much art and culture as possible.
②The soil was washed away by the flood, (expose) the bare rock.
③Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when ___________(expose) to sunlight.
to
exposing
exposed
?细练升维考法(句式升级)
④When some children are exposed to difficult situations, they are better at handling challenging situations.
→ ,some children are better at handling challenging situations.(过去分词作状语)
→ ,some children are better at handling challenging situations.(现在分词作状语)
Exposed to difficult situations
Exposing themselves to difficult situations
2．consist of由……构成，由……组成
?精练常见考法(用适当的介词填空/同义替换)
①Life mainly consists happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist struggle.Remember that your ideal life does not always consist _____reality.
②As far as I know, all electronic computers consist of (＝ ) five units although they are of different kinds.
of
in
with
are made up of/are composed of
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空)
③He received a set of china (consist) of sixty pieces from his parents.
consisting
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．as引导时间状语从句
(1)as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”。介词with也有此意，但with是介词，后接名词或代词，构成with短语或with复合结构。
(2)as time goes by＝with time going by “随着时间的流逝”。
(3)as引导时间状语从句时，强调主句、从句动作同时进行，常表示“一边……一边……”之意；when可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”“却”(表示对比)。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法
[选词填空(as, when, while, with)]
① time goes by, my memory seems to get worse.
② winter coming on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
③I was just about to go to bed I heard a knock on the door.
④One person may like to spend his/her vacation at the seashore,__________ another may prefer the mountains.
As
With
when
while
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
⑤我们越往上爬，空气变得越冷。
,the air grows colder.
⑥随着汽车数量的增加，交通堵塞是很常见的。
,it is very common to get blocked in the traffic.
As we go up
As the number of cars increases
2．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句式
(1)only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需用部分倒装。其结构为：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋其他。
(2)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装；only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①The children can grow up mentally and physically healthy only in this way.
→Only in this way mentally and physically healthy.
②We can achieve success if we bridge the gap between planning and actually doing.
→Only if we bridge the gap between planning and actually doing .
can the children grow up
can we achieve success
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③直到那时我才意识到我错了。
that I was wrong.
④只有当你学会给予时，你才能期望得到。
Only when you learn to give .
Only then did I realize
can you expect to receive
2020·浙江1月高考·阅读理解B篇
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free — by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses, like mozzarella.
Wisconsin, also called “America's Dairyland”， is famous for its cheese. The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! As a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. Disposing of (处置) the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste
Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers water's freezing point, causing ice to melt (融化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point.
In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the same compound (化合物) in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless, right But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U．S. roads every year!
The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants, and eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.
Cheese brine has a downside too — a smell similar to that of bad milk. “I don't really mind it，” Emil Norby told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsin's county highway commissions and came up with the idea of using cheese brine. “Our roads smell like Wisconsin！” he said.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国威斯康星州的密尔沃基市用剩余的奶酪盐水为道路除冰，并通过与传统的岩盐除冰的对比，阐述了奶酪盐水除冰这种新方法的利与弊。
1．Why can cheese brine help keep winter roads ice-free
A．It is soft. B．It contains salt.
C．It is warm. D．It has milk in it.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheeses”和第三段的“Cheese brine has salt in it, which，like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point.”可知，因为奶酪盐水含有盐，所以可以被用来除冰。
2．What is a benefit of using cheese brine on roads
A．Improving air quality.
B．Increasing sales of rock salt.
C．Reducing water pollution.
D．Saving the cheese industry.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option”和第六段的“There it can pollute drinking water，harm plants, and eat away soil.”可推断，利用奶酪盐水来除冰更加环保，比用其他化学制品更能够减少对水的污染。
3．Milwaukee's new way to de-ice streets may be an example of .
A．barking up the wrong tree
B．putting the cart before the horse
C．robbing Peter to pay Paul
D．killing two birds with one stone
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“But using cheese brine ...keeping roads safe.”和第四段的“In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more eco-friendly option.”可知，利用奶酪盐水来除冰是一举两得的事情，既能够省钱，做到废物再利用，同时又能够比其他化学制品更加环保。killing two birds with one stone“一石二鸟”。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第2题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)The salt lowers water's freezing point, causing ice to melt.____
②(熟词生义)By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percent.______
③(一词多义)“Our roads smell like Wisconsin！” he said.________
降低
削减
闻起来
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①keep winter roads ice-free __________________
②be famous for ______________
③dispose of _____
④freezing point _____
⑤a more eco-friendly option _________________
保持冬季道路不结冰
因……而出名
处理
冰点
一个更环保的选择
⑥be made of ____________
⑦add ... to ... _______________
⑧wash off _____
⑨eat away _____
⑩a layer of _____
come up with _____
由……制成
添加……到……
冲洗
侵蚀
一层
提出
三、寻结构破长句
1．Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower water's freezing point.
抓标志：关系代词_______
判类型：主句＋定语从句(含插入成分 like the rock salt)
试翻译：奶酪盐水中含有盐，像岩盐一样， 。
which
这种盐有助于降低水的冰点
2．Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.
抓标志：连接词_____
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有过去分词短语作定语)
试翻译：许多人怀疑 。
that
每年冬天使用的岩盐都在危害环境
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants, and eat away soil.
赏析：作者用pollute(污染)，harm(伤害)，eat away(侵蚀)全面、准确地描述了使用岩盐给环境带来的影响。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①With exhaust emissions growing fast and the environment severely ________(pollute), rubbish classification is the most effective solution to the problem.
②(2021·全国乙卷)Staring at the screen is (harm) to our eyes.
polluted
harmful
2.(赏意境之美)But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 million tons of salt on U．S.roads every year!
赏析：公路工作人员在美国的公路上每年撒下大约2 000万吨盐，通过连词while与生活饮食中人们少量添加食盐形成鲜明对比，给读者留下深刻印象。
3．(赏修辞之美)Our roads smell like Wisconsin!
赏析：句中作者把路上闻到的味道说成像威斯康星州(Wisconsin)，借用与这种奶酪味道密切相关的Wisconsin来代替路上闻到的味道。这种借喻的修辞手法，突出事物的本质特征，增强语言的形象性，文笔简洁精练，语言富于变化和幽默感。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（六）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看
