(共82张PPT)
UNIT 6 Nurturing nature
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．wander v． 徘徊
2．jungle n. (热带)丛林
3．via prep. 通过(某人、某机器等)传送(某物)；借助于
4．favour n. 支持，赞同
5．salary n. 薪金，工资
6．waist n. 腰，腰部
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．massive adj. 巨大的
2．delicate adj. 脆弱的
3．landmark n. 地标
4．splendid adj. 壮丽的
5．permafrost n. 永久冻土层
6．Tibetan adj. 西藏的
7．antelope n. 羚羊
8．leisure n. 空闲，闲暇
9．wetland n. 湿地
10．grassland n. 草原
11．radiation n. 辐射
12．mirror-like adj. 如镜面般的
13．scenery n. 风景，景色
14．plateau n. 高原
15．emission n. 散发物，排放物
16．candidate n. 申请者
17．genuine adj. 真的，真正的
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．steady adj.平稳的；持续的→ adv.平稳地；持续地
2．economy n．经济→ adj.经济(上)的→ adv.在经济上
3．disturb v．干扰，扰乱→ n．干扰，扰乱→ __________adj.干扰的，扰乱的→ adj.不安的，心烦意乱的
steadily
economic
economically
disturbance
disturbing
disturbed
4．operate v．经营，操作，动手术→ n．经营者→__________ n．手术，操作
5．conserve vt.保护→ n．保护→ n．(动植物或古旧建筑的)保护工作者；环境保护主义者
6．apply v．申请→ n．申请人→ n．申请(书)
7．advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)→ n．广告
operator
operation
conservation
conservationist
applicant
application
advertisement
8．negotiate v. 谈判；磋商；协商；达成(协议)→ adj.可协商的→ n. 谈判者；谈判代表；协商者→ n. 谈判；磋商；协商
9．prefer v．较喜欢→ n．优先(权)；爱好；喜爱
10．qualify v．使具备资格→ n．技能条件，资格→_______ adj.合格的
negotiable
negotiator
negotiation
preference
qualification
qualified
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.易混单词先辨清
①wander 徘徊—wonder 想知道
②tissue 组织—issue 问题；发行
③affect 影响—effect 结果
④dessert 甜点—desert 舍弃
⑤borrow 借—sorrow 悲痛
⑥principle 原则—principal 校长
2.“优秀”人才准描绘
①splendid 极好的
②excellent 优秀的
③outstanding 杰出的
④first-class 第一流的
⑤talented/gifted 有才能的
⑥capable 有能力的
⑦intelligent 聪明的
⑧brilliant 卓越的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 从事于
2． 引起某人的注意
3． 空闲时
4． 防止损坏某物
5． 使……恢复生机
work on
catch one's eye
at one's leisure
prevent damage to sth.
bring ... to life
6． 花完，用光
7． 与……协调/一致
8． 由……组成
9． 支持，赞同
10． 意识到
use up
in harmony with
be made up of
in favour of
become aware of
[联想串记]
1.“at one's＋名词”荟萃
at one's leisure 空闲时
at one's best 处于最佳状态
at one's convenience 在方便的时候
at one's heels 紧跟在……后面
at one's service 听凭某人吩咐
2.“动词＋up”短语集锦
use up 花完，用光 grow up 成长，长大
take up 拿起；从事 look up 查阅；抬头向上看
come up 走近；发生 make up 组成；编造
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．before引导时间状语从句
教材原句 The journey has been flying by, and before I know it, we have reached Tanggula Station.
火车一路疾驰，还没等我反应过来，就已经到达了唐古拉车站。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)But he had only gone a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on the ground.
但他只跑了几米在被绊倒并摔倒在地上之前。
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)It didn't take long before he picked himself up again and continued his mission.
没过多久，他又站起来，继续完成他的使命。
续表
2．that引导表语从句
教材原句 The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area.
最重要的是，全世界都认识到了这片大海的美丽。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)My suggestion is that students should try multiple ways when learning English so that they can find the way which fits them most.
我的建议是，学生在学习英语时应该尝试多种方式，这样他们才能找到最适合自己的方式。
推荐佳句 ②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The most exciting part was that we cooked the vegetables together.
最令人兴奋的是我们一起用这些蔬菜做饭。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“担忧”
The first night, I was nervous. This was the first time that I had not accompanied my mother at night. I was very worried at the thought that my mother stayed at home with a total stranger. I didn't know whether Gifty was careful or not and how Gifty would take care of my mother. I also didn't know how my mother would feel. With deep worry, I tossed and turned until very late. The moment I got up the next morning, I called Gifty and decided to visit my mother immediately.
第一个晚上，我很紧张。这是我第一次不在母亲身边过夜。一想到母亲和一个完全陌生的人待在家里，我就很担心。我不知道吉迪是否细心，也不知道吉迪会怎样照顾我的母亲。我也不知道母亲会作何感想。我忧心忡忡，辗转反侧直到很晚。第二天早上我一起床，就给吉迪打电话，决定马上去看我母亲。
[点评] 本段中使用了“nervous, worried, deep worry, tossed and turned until very late”等词汇表达了作者为母亲的安全十分担忧的心情。常用的描写人物担忧的词汇有：worry, anxious, uneasy, frown, panic, upset, get into panic, with butterflies in one's stomach等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If the skirt is too big, we can take in the (腰部).
2．Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of (丛林)．
3．I don't know how you all manage to survive on your small (工资)．
waist
jungle
salary
4．Nobody will forget it once he rests his eyes on the absorbing (风景).
5．Basketball is my (闲暇) activity. I always play basketball in my spare time.
6．I was (徘徊) the road aimlessly. “What if no one is willing to help us？”
7．But the shabby cottage was nowhere to be found. He only found a_________ (壮丽的) house.
scenery
leisure
wandering
splendid
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I'm sure I am well (qualify) for the job.
2． (disturb) by the noise, Jane turned off the radio.
3．The classified (advertise) is the simplest one.
4．He dialed the (operate) and put in a call for Rome.
qualified
Disturbed
advertisement
operator
5．Some people say that (economy) growth is the only way to end world poverty and hunger.
6．It is amazing for me to know that you show great (prefer) for Tai Chi and are willing to learn it soon.
7．China's image is improving (steady), with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs.
8．He warned that his economic programme for the country was not __________(negotiate)．
economic
preference
steadily
negotiable
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．I often go to see movies with my friends .
2．He has been a new novel for over a year now.
3．I'm convinced that we will live each other.
4．When making dinner in the evening, I found the salt had been .
work on， at one's leisure， use up， in favour of， be made up of， become aware of， inharmony with， bring ... to life
at my leisure
working on
in harmony with
used up
5．We're very excited to see everyone's hard work .
6．A good essay usually a topic paragraph, some supporting paragraphs and a concluding paragraph.
7．Now, more people have the importance of protecting our environment.
8．However, others are the inclusion because it's hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language.
brought to life
is
made up of
become aware of
in favour of
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)他不得不开了两个街区才找到停车的地方。(before)
He had to drive two blocks farther .
2．(完成句子)为了减少垃圾的数量，越来越多的政府要求人们回收材料。(不定式作状语)
,more and more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
before he could find a place to park
To decrease the amount of rubbish
3．(完成句子)给我印象最深的是他们都接受过专业的培训。(主语从句)
they all had received professional training.
4．Claire sat in the empty house and felt very depressed.
→ ，Claire felt very depressed.(用分词作状语改写句子)
What impressed me most was that
Sitting in the empty house
5．As night was beginning to fall, Jane was very tired and she had to stop for the night.
→As night was beginning to fall, Jane had to stop for the night. (用so ...that ...句型改写句子)
was so tired that she
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．disturb v．干扰，扰乱；打扰
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①A (disturb) thought crossed my mind.
②They were deeply (disturb) by the accident.
disturbing
disturbed
③ that I can't accompany you to the bookstore on time.
得知我不能按时陪你去书店，我心里感到很不安。
系统归纳 (1)it disturbs sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人不安
be disturbed by 为……感到不安；被……打扰
(2)disturbing adj. 令人不安的；引起烦恼的
disturbed adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的
(3)disturbance n. 打扰；骚乱
It disturbs me greatly to know
2. operator n．经营者；操作人员，技工；电话员，接线员
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The patient remains in a critical condition and needs operating at once.
②The project which was agreed on last month will be put operation soon.
③The new law will by midnight tomorrow.
新法律于明日午夜生效。
on
into
come/go into operation
系统归纳 (1)operate v． 运转，工作；操作，控制；动手术
operate on/upon... 给……做手术
(2)operation n. 手术；运转，运行；操作
in operation 实施中；运转中
put ...into operation 投入使用；开始试行；投入运营
come/go into operation 开始工作，运转，生效
3.favour n．支持，赞同；恩惠，帮助；善意的行为；偏爱，偏袒 v．支持；喜爱；偏袒
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Then we voted for the monitor. The result was 28 to 15 Wang Hong's favour.
②(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)65% of the students consider listening to English songs as their (favour) way in English learning.
in
favourite
③People may think it is rather dull to live in the countryside.
喜欢现代城市生活的人可能会认为生活在农村很枯燥。
④I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to .
我想告诉你一些关于我暑假计划的事情，并且我希望你能帮我一个忙。
who are in favour of modern city life
do me a favour/do a favour for me
系统归纳 (1)in favour of 支持，赞同；有利于
in sb.'s favour 有利于某人
do sb. a favour/do a favour for sb. 给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
(2)favourable adj. 赞同的；有利的；给人好印象的
favourite adj.& n. 特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)
4．advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①We placed an (advertise) for a cleaner in the local paper.
②She is leaving next month, so we must advertise a replacement for her.
③They try to the area from which most of their customers come.
他们设法在目标客户群经常出现的地方投放广告。
advertisement
for
put an advertisement/advertise in
系统归纳 (1)advertise in ... 刊登在……上
advertise for ... 为征求……登广告
(2)advertisement n. 广告
advertisement for 某个职位的广告
put an advertisement in a newspaper 在报纸上刊登广告
5．negotiable adj.可协商的，可讨论的；可通行的；流通的；可兑现的；可转让的
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The office building is for sale at a (negotiate) price.
②The details of the contract are still negotiation.
③We have decided to the price of the products.
我们已经决定就产品的价格与生产商进行谈判。
negotiable
under
negotiate with the producer for/about
系统归纳 (1)negotiate v． 谈判，磋商，协商；商定；达成(协议)
negotiate with sb. for/about sth.
和某人协商某事；就某事和某人谈判
(2)negotiation n. (尤指商业或政治方面的) 谈判，协商，磋商
under negotiation 在协商中
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．现在完成进行时的用法
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Our friend lands at Southampton tonight. He (come); this time he has come.
②Now that she is out of job, Lucy (consider) going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet.
has been coming
has been considering
③Tom looks tired because he since 9 am.
汤姆看起来很累，因为他从早上9点就开始打扫房子了。
④Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she for a year.
凯西正在阳光学校的课堂上记语法规则，她已经在那里学了一年英语了。
has been cleaning the house
has been studying English
2．现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Please excuse my dirty clothes. I (clean) out the garden shed.
②I (clean) out the garden shed. Now it's fit to store things in.
③I five times. I don't think anyone's in.
我已敲过五次门，我认为里面没人。
have been cleaning
have cleaned
have knocked
④I . I don't think anyone's in.
我一直在敲门，我认为里面没人。
⑤Daddy, I don't wanna eat the fruit for I .
爸爸，我不想再吃水果了，毕竟我刚刚吃过甜点。
⑥His eyes ache for he all the afternoon.
他的眼睛痛，因为他整个下午都坐在电脑前。
have been knocking
have just finished eating dessert
has been sitting in front of the computer
[谨记规则]
(1)现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始的动作一直延续到说话刚结束，或还在继续进行，并有可能延续下去。
(2)现在完成进行时还可表示某种感彩，或表示动作断断续续地重复不停。
(3)现在完成进行时强调动作过程的持续性，而现在完成时强调动作的完成性。现在完成进行时着重于动作的确定性，而现在完成对则强调动作的不确定性。涉及反复的次数或所完成的事物的具体数字时，不可使用现在完成进行时。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．applicant n．申请人
常见考法 (1)an applicant of ... ……的申请人
(2)apply v. 申请
apply to 适用于(to为介词)
apply ... to ... 把……应用于……
apply to do sth. 申请去做某事
apply oneself to 致力于；集中精力于
apply for 申请；请求，要求
(3)application n. 申请；申请表；应用
升维考法 (1)apply表示“使用，应用”等时，通常为及物动词；如若表示“将……运用到……”，则常与介词to搭配。
(2)apply表示“适用”时，为不及物动词，通常与介词to搭配，不能用for。
(3)apply表示“申请”时可用作及物或不及物动词，表示“申请得到……”要用介词for；表示“申请做某事”，其后接不定式；表示“向……申请(得到)……”，通常用apply to ... for ...。
(4)apply用于短语apply oneself to“致力于，专心从事”时，其中的to是介词，其后接名词或动名词。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of (apply) to attend the opening ceremony.
②I should apply the post if I were you, for I think you stand a good chance.
③I would appreciate it if you could take my (apply) into consideration.
applicants
for
application
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级)
④Apply what you learn in the online course your daily work, and you surely will succeed in the future.
⑤Over the next months, he applied himself to (improve) the technique.
to
improving
⑥Hearing you are hosting a Chinese painting exhibition, I attempt to .
得知你们要举办中国画展览，我试图申请成为这次活动的志愿者。
⑦If you apply yourself to the task, you will finish it on time.
→ ，and you will finish it on time.(用祈使句升级)
→ ，you will finish it on time.(用现在分词短语作状语升级)
apply to be a volunteer for the event
Apply yourself to the task
Applying yourself to the task
2．catch one's eye 吸引某人的注意
常见考法 catch one's attention 吸引某人的注意
catch one's breath 屏住呼吸
catch hold of 抓住
catch on 理解；受欢迎，流行起来
catch up with 赶上
升维考法 catch one's eye为固定短语，其中的eye是单数，不能写成复数形式。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①At first I didn't catch ,then I suddenly saw the light.
②Catch hold every opportunity and you will succeed in getting what you want.
③We must exert ourselves to catch up them, or it would be too late.
on
of
with
?细练升维考法(完成句子/句型转换)
④The smallest things started to . I noticed how colorful and serene a sunset could be when I took time to enjoy it.
最微不足道的事物都开始映入我的眼帘。我注意到，当我花时间去欣赏日落时，那是多么的五彩缤纷和宁静。
⑤While I was reading the morning paper, a headline caught my eye.
→While I was reading the morning paper, .
(改为被动句)
atch my eye
my eye was caught by a headline
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
before引导时间状语从句
(1)含before的常用句式有：
①It won't be long before ...“用不了多久就会……”(before从句用一般现在时)
②It wasn't long before ...“没过多久就……”(before 从句用一般过去时)
③It will be＋一段时间＋before ...“要过若干时间之后才……”(before从句用一般现在时)
④It was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了若干时间才……”(before从句用一般过去时)
(2)before conj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活：
①还没来得及……就…… ②……之后才…… ③在……之前 ④(不久)就…… ⑤以免…… ⑥趁着……(还没有)
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(完成句子)
①How time flies! you go back to your own country.
时间过得真快！一个星期后你就要回到你自己的国家。
②The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left .
那对年轻的夫妇归还了我丢失的钱包，我还没来得及问他们的名字，他们就离开了。
It will be a week before
before I could ask for their names
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。
④一些科学家相信，不久之后机器人将会广泛应用于生活的各个方面。
It was nearly a day before he realized his mistakes and said sorry to his friend Peter.
Some scientists believe that it won't be long before robots are widely used in all walks of life.
2017·全国卷Ⅲ·阅读理解B篇
Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups.It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater's 75-year history.This time, however, the cleanup was a little different.As one group of workers carried out the rubbish, another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building's end.
The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.
Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater's location (位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town，” he said. “Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses.”
Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems.Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文讲述的是拥有75年历史的广场剧院在放映完最后一部电影后即将关闭以及观众对它的不舍之情。
1．In what way was yesterday's cleanup at the Plaza special
A．It made room for new equipment.
B．It signaled the closedown of the theater.
C．It was done with the help of the audience.
D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theater.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句可推断出，工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭作准备，这是这次清扫工作特别的地方。
2．Why was The Last Picture Show put on
A．It was an all-time classic.
B．It was about the history of the town.
C．The audience requested it.
D．The theater owner found it suitable.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said ... it seemed appropriate.”可知，剧院的老板亲自选定了这部电影是因为他认为这部电影很适合。原文中的“appropriate”和D选项中的“suitable”都表示“合适的”。
3．What will probably happen to the building
A．It will be repaired.
B．It will be turned into a museum.
C．It will be knocked down.
D．It will be sold to the city government.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地建综合购物大楼，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。
4．What can we infer about the audience
A．They are disappointed with Bradford.
B．They are sad to part with the old theater.
C．They are supportive of the city officials.
D．They are eager to have a shopping center.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，观众含泪观看最后一部电影，想向剧院告别；再结合最后一段最后一句可以推断出观众对剧院恋恋不舍，与剧院告别让他们感到很悲伤。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
推理判断题的思维建模(第1题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. _____
②(熟词生义)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.________
公司
建筑群
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①sweep up ______
②in preparation for _____________
③be filled with _________
④say good-bye to _____________
⑤close down _____
⑥used to _____
打扫
为……做准备
充满……
跟……说再见
关闭
曾经
三、寻结构破长句
1．Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.
抓标志：被省略的连接词that; 从属连词________
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个原因状语从句)
试翻译：剧院老板艾德·布拉德福德说____________________________
。
because
他选择这部电影是因为它看起
来很合适
2．Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.
抓标志：关系代词 ；关系副词______
判类型：主句＋定语从句(含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：布拉德福德将该建筑和土地卖给了当地一家开发公司， 。
which
where
该公司计划在剧院所在的土地上建一个购物中心
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete.
赏析：句中made it impossible运用了“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，it作形式宾语指代附加了逻辑主语的动词不定式for the Plaza to compete，表现了Bradford对剧院关门的无奈。
[对点练——完成句子]
I think according to the practical circumstances.
我认为有必要根据实际情况做一些改变。
it necessary to make changes
2.(赏用词之美)Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.
赏析：句中chose, seemed以及appropriate三个词恰当地反映了剧院老板Ed Bradford播放最后一部电影时的复杂心情，既珍惜这次播放机会又恋恋不舍。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（六）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共91张PPT)
UNIT 5 Revealing nature
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．seed n． 种子，籽
2．sample n. 样本
3．finch n. 雀科鸣禽
4．beak n. 鸟嘴，喙
5．blame v. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于
6．goat n. 山羊
7．giant adj. 巨大的，特大的
8．spine n. (动植物的)刺，刺毛
9．myth n. (古代的)神话
10．legend n. 传说，传奇(故事)
11．wasp n. 黄蜂
12．root n. 根
13．chilli n. 辣椒
14．link v. 把……联系起来；连接
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．disgrace n. 丢脸，耻辱
2．suspect v. 猜想，怀疑，觉得
3．ancestor n. (动物的)原种，祖先
4．decline v. 减少
5．tortoise n. 陆龟
6．primitive adj. 原始的，低等的
7．worldwide adv. 遍及全世界
8．mangrove n. 红树(一种热带树木，生于水中或水边，
并从树枝上长出新根须)
9．comb-like adj. 梳状的
10．pesticide n. 杀虫剂，农药
11．fungus n. 真菌(复数fungi)
12．fungal adj. 真菌的
13．cybercrime n. 网络犯罪
14．centimetre n. 厘米
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．distant adj.遥远的→ n．距离；远处
2．geology n．地质学；地质→ n．地质学家→ adj.地理(学)的
3．evolve v．进化→ n．进化(论)；演变
4．generate v．产生，创造→ n．一代；产生；(统称)一代人
distance
geologist
geographical
evolution
generation
5．character n．性格，品质，特征；人物，角色→ n.
特征，特性
6．detect v．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→ n．发现，察觉，侦察
characteristic
detection
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.“责备”有多种
①blame vt. 责怪；指责
②charge vt. 控告；指责
③accuse vt. 控告；谴责
④scold vt. 责骂
⑤condemn vt. 谴责；声讨
2.各种“动物”齐相聚
①goat 山羊 ②kangaroo 袋鼠
③squirrel 松鼠 ④koala 考拉；树袋熊
⑤panda 熊猫 ⑥antelope 羚羊
⑦bear 熊 ⑧camel 骆驼
⑨elephant 大象 ⑩monkey 猴子
3.de-开头动词来集汇
①decline 减少，下降
②depress 使沮丧
③delight 使高兴
④debate 辩论，争论
⑤decrease 减少，减小
⑥determine 决心
⑦declare 宣布，宣告
4.-ant结尾形容词大比拼
①distant 遥远的
②abundant 丰富的
③brilliant 杰出的
④constant 不变的
⑤elegant 优美的
⑥tolerant 宽容的
⑦ignorant 无知的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 响应号召
2． 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
3． 追溯到
4． 随着时间的逝去
5． 一直； 始终；有史以来
6． 挤满
answer the call
be a disgrace
date back to
over time
of all time
be crowded with
7． 与……相似
8． 适合；适应
9． 各种各样的
10． 归咎于
11． 源于……的，原产于……
12． 到目前为止
be similar to
adapt to
a variety of
be blamed on
be native to
so far
[联想串记]
1.无被动语态短语集锦
date back to 追溯到
break out 爆发
belong to 属于
consist of 由……组成
come true 变成现实
take place 发生
2.“充满……”短语荟萃
be crowded with 充满；挤满
be heavy with 充满
be filled with 被……充满
be full of 充满
fill up 充满；填满
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．while引导的状语从句
教材原句 While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi.
互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。
推荐佳句 ①(新教材北师大版必修2佳句)While the Internet can bring people closer together, it can also harm friendships.
虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。
②(新教材人教版选择性必修3佳句)While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.
尽管他的绘画仍是宗教主题，但展示了真实环境中的真实人物。
续表
2.the way＋定语从句
教材原句 Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.
科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。
推荐佳句 ①(2022·浙江6月高考写作)I will never forget the way they looked at me when they were given food.
我永远不会忘记当他们得到食物时他们看着我的样子。
②(2022·全国甲卷)The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.
你拿筷子的方式很重要，以免惹恼你的同伴。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“愤怒”
My inner anger was like a growing monster, uncontrollably driving me to the edge of madness. Before I realized it, I was sobbing in my sister's room, with bullets of words firing through my mouth, expressing my long-buried dissatisfaction towards her absence from my snow shoveling experiences. The house seemed to be holding its breath when I stopped my accusation, still weeping.
我内心的愤怒就像一个不断增长的怪物，不受控制地把我逼到了疯狂的边缘。在我意识到它之前，我正在姐姐的房间里抽泣，像子弹一样的话语从我的口中射出，表达着藏在我心里很久的对她缺席我铲雪经历的不满。当我停止控诉仍然在哭泣时，整座房子似乎都在屏住呼吸。
[点评] 本段中使用了“like a growing monster”与“with bullets of words firing through my mouth”两处比喻的修辞手法和“uncontrollably driving me to the edge of madness”夸张的修辞手法，形象地刻画了作者内心极大的愤怒。常用的描写人物愤怒的词汇有：anger, annoy, irritate, furious, with anger, be angry with sb.等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The snails are no larger than one (厘米) across.
2．The police (怀疑)him of having taken the money.
3．Seen from the air, the Great Wall looks like a (巨大的) dragon.
4．The (种子，籽) were sprayed over the ground in large quantities by planes.
centimetre
suspected
giant
seeds
5．Road accidents have been on the (下降) since the new traffic law was introduced.
6．His books have sold more than 20 million copies (遍及全
世界)．
7．She wore a surgical mask and rubber gloves while she worked with these (样本)．
decline
worldwide
samples
8．Many species have diverged from a single (祖先)．
9． (原始的) humans needed to be able to react like this to escape from dangerous animals.
10． (传说) has it that the lake was formed by the tears of a girl.
ancestor
Primitive
Legend
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The word “radar” means radio (detect) and ranging.
2．As (geology), we work in the field most of the time.
3．It seems that crying is a “weakness” (character) of the female.
4．I often wonder what future (generate) will make of our efforts.
detection
geologists
characteristic
generations
5．So long as you keep trying, what seems to be a (distance) dream can become a reality.
6．Within 30 years, humans could be debating whether to take charge of their own (evolve)．
7．It's disgrace that they are paid so little after finishing so tough work.
distant
evolution
a
8．More efforts must be made, because the population of the endangered species in the wild is the decline.
9．The image creation is deep rooted the social life and national culture.
10．Whether pollution is directly linked the disease is under debate.
on
in
to/with
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．I think the most useful invention is Internet.
2．The bus passengers going home from market yesterday.
3．It took Helen more than half a year to the life in that African country.
be crowded with， of all time， over time， adapt to， be similar to， be native to， a variety of， be blamed on， date back to， so far
of all time
was crowded with
adapt to
4．They offer activities to excite your kid's interest.
5．The island's landscape Hawaii's, which attracts more and more tourists every year.
6．The failure of the experiment cannot him alone.
7．The panda China，which likes eating bamboos very much.
a variety of
is similar to
be blamed on
is native to
8．With wonderful teachers and friendly schoolmates around, I've been enjoying my study .
9． ,the best of these flowers might have been selected and the seeds more carefully preserved.
10．The Double Ninth Festival a long time ago is the day for the elderly in our culture.
so far
Over time
dating back to
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)虽然我承认存在问题，但我并不认为问题无法解决。(while)
,I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
2．(完成句子)是你的鼓励和耐心激发了我对这门学科的兴趣。(强调句型)
me with interest in this subject.
While I admit that there are problems
It was your encouragement and patience that inspired
3．(一句多译)如今，计算机已经改变了我们的工作和娱乐方式。
①Nowadays, computers have changed the way .(简单句)
②Nowadays, computers have changed the way .(定语从句)
4．When I finished film studies, I pursued my career as an actress.
→ my career as an actress film studies. (用not ...until ...句型改写句子)
of working and playing
(that) we work and play
I didn't pursue
until I finished
5．The writer forgot to have his lunch because he was absorbed in his writing.
→The writer________________________________________________
.
(用so that句型改写句子)
was absorbed in his writing so that he forgot to have
his lunch
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．link v．把……联系起来；连接n.联系；连接；关系，纽带；链接
(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①The study further strengthens the evidence linking smoking early death.
with/to
②Most scientists accept that climate change is (link) to carbon emissions.
③The Channel Tunnel links Britain with the rest of Europe.
→The Channel Tunnel together.
linked
links Britain and the rest of Europe
系统归纳 link ...to/with ...＝link ...and ... (together)
把……和……连接/联系起来
link up (with sb./sth.) (与某人/某物) 连接；
连接(计算机、广播系统等)
be linked to 和……有联系
click on a link 点击链接
2.answer the call 响应号召
(完成句子)
①Charles put aside his newspaper and got up to .
查尔斯放下报纸，站起身去开门。
②The estate was built to for low-cost housing.
这片住宅区是为满足对低成本住房的需求而建的。
answer the door
answer a need
③The young man and joined the army to defend his country.
这个年轻人响应号召，参军保卫祖国。
系统归纳 answer the phone/a call 接听电话
answer the door 开门，应门
answer a need 满足需求
answer a description 与描述相符
answered the call
3.be native to源于……的，原产于……
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The kangaroo is native of Australia.
②It is well-known that Wolong Nature Reserve is home pandas.
③The horse — it was introduced by the Spanish.
马并不是美国本土的，而是由西班牙引进的。
a
to
is not native to America
系统归纳 one's native language＝one's mother tongue
本族语，本国语，母语
a native of 出生于……的人；原产于……的动植物
微点提醒 “be＋形容词＋to”类似的短语还有：
be equal to 胜任
be home to 是……的所在地/之乡
be similar to 与……相似
be familiar to 为……所熟悉
4．be crowded with 堆满，挤满
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①We all crowded her office to sing Happy Birthday.
②The center of the bus had a few empty seats while both ends were_______ (crowd) with people standing.
③ that building another expressway could solve the problem.
他突然有了一个想法：建设另一条高速公路就能解决问题。
into
crowded
A thought crowded into his mind
系统归纳 a crowd of/crowds of ... 一大群……，很多
crowd in (on sb.) 涌上(心头)，涌入(脑海)
crowd into one's mind 涌上某人的心头
crowd into ... 大批涌入(狭小的空间)
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．过去完成时的构成和用法
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①By the end of last year, we (produce) 20,000 cable cars.
②We were extremely delighted because we (not achieve) such a good result before.
had produced
had not achieved
③The worker said he (work) for the employer since last year.
④I ,but I was prevented by the bad weather.
我本来打算来的，但被坏天气阻止了。
⑤I you would come the next day, but you didn't come.
我原以为你第二天会来，但你没有来。
had worked
had planned to come
had thought
2．常用过去完成时的固定句式
(单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子)
①It was the third time that he (make) the same mistake.
②I wish I (be) at your party last Tuesday.
③I had hardly/scarcely answered the teacher when he interrupted me.
→ the teacher when he interrupted me.
④If only I ,she wouldn't have felt so sad.
要是我不告诉她这个消息就好了，她就不会如此伤心了。
had made
had been
Hardly/Scarcely had I answered
hadn't informed her of the news
[谨记规则]
(1)过去完成时的构成为“had＋过去分词done”，表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，也可表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与by，before, for, since构成时间状语或since, when, before, after, by the time等引导的时间状语从句连用。
(2)过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等，常用动词hope, plan, mean, intend, think, want, expect等。
(3)常用过去完成时的固定句式有：
①It/ This/ That was the first/second ... time that sb. had done sth.“某人第一次/第二次……做某事”。
②表示“一……就……”的hardly/scarcely ...when ..., no sooner ...than ...句式中，主句常用过去完成时，且当hardly, scarcely, no sooner置于句首时，主句部分要用部分倒装。
③虚拟语气中表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句和wish/would rather/ if only后的从句中用过去完成时。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．suspect v．猜想，怀疑，觉得 n．嫌疑人 adj.可疑的；不可信的
常见考法 suspect that ... 怀疑，猜想……
suspect sb./sth. 怀疑某人/某事
suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)了某事
suspect sb. to be ... 怀疑某人是……，猜想某人是……
升维考法 (1)suspect和doubt都表示“怀疑”的意思，但二者的意义不同：suspect的意思是“可能是，怀疑有”，doubt的意思是“不相信，怀疑无”。
(2)suspect作动词后接宾语从句时，其宾语从句只能用that引导。doubt作动词后接宾语从句时，如果主句是肯定句，则可用whether或if引导宾语从句；如果主句是否定句，则只能用that引导宾语从句。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The police suspected him holding out on important information to the case.
②Judging from his nervous expression, I suspected him (be) a thief.
③ there was something wrong with the engine.
我怀疑发动机出了什么故障。
of
to be
I suspected that
?细练升维考法
[选词填空(suspect, doubt)/句型转换]
④He if he would learn anything new from Marie.
⑤They that the secret had been given away.
⑥He suspected that his neighbour stole his money.
→He suspected .
doubted
suspected
his neighbour of stealing his money
2．decline n．& v．减少，下降；谢绝；婉言拒绝
常见考法 (1)decline (to do) sth. 拒绝(做)某事
decline to/by ... 减少到/减少了……
(2)in decline＝on the decline＝fall/go into (a) decline
在衰退、减少、下降
a sharp decline in... 在……方面的急剧下降
升维考法 表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①As the economy was decline, some people in the town had lost their jobs.
②Once paper cutting was the decline due to the introduction of new art forms.
③Howard has declined (come) and in that case we can ask somebody else.
in
on
to come
④And other researchers have argued there are decades to go before oil production .
还有其他研究人员认为，石油产量在走向衰退之前，还有几十年的上升空间。
goes/falls into (a) decline
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
⑤People can expect software error rates to 10 to 15 percent in another few years.
人们可以期望，再过几年，软件错误率可以降至10%至15%。
⑥So far, the number of trees larger than two feet across 30 percent.
直径超过两英尺的树木的数量到现在已经减少了30%。
decline to
has declined by
3．blame v．责怪，指责；把……归咎于
常见考法 (1)blame sb. for ... 因……而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备
(2)lay/put/place the blame for sth.on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
take the blame (for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备
升维考法 (1)sb. be to blame在形式上是主动的，但表示被动的意义，可译为“某人应受责备”。
(2)使用被动语态时，blame常用于短语be blamed by sb.“被某人责备”；be blamed for “因……而被责备”。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①(2021·全国甲卷)It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
②You shouldn't put the blame others. You should reflect on your own action.
③The judge blamed the accident the drunken driver of the car.
for
on
on
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/一句多译)
④The large factory linked to the river (blame) for the pollution here by experts.
⑤诚实地说，李华应该为这次冲突负责。
→Honestly speaking, Li Hua should the conflict.(blame v．)
→Honestly speaking, Li Hua should the conflict.
(blame n．)
is blamed
be to blame for
take the blame for
4．adapt to适合，适应
常见考法 adapt oneself to 使自己适应
adapt ... to do ... 调整……以做……
adapt ...from ... 根据……改写/改编……
adapt ...for ... 把……改(编)为……
升维考法 常见的带介词to的动词短语有：adjust to, apply to, object to, stick to, respond to, contribute to, appeal to, refer to, reply to, turn to, react to等。这些动词短语后都接名词或动名词。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Third-culture kids may not be able to adapt (they) completely to their new surroundings as expected.
② (adapt) from J．K.Rowling's book series of the same title, the “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics.
③The famous expert adapted his speech (suit) the interests of his audience.
themselves
Adapted
to suit
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/句式升级)
④When they moved to China, the children adapted easily to (live) in new places.
⑤The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if it was adapted for television, would be a hit.
→The director was fully convinced that this moving story,______________ _________,would be a hit. (用省略句升级)
living
if adapted for
television
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．while引导的状语从句
(1)while引导的时间状语从句， 意为“与……同时，在……期间”，从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。
(2)while引导的让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though或although语气弱。
(3)while引导的并列句， 意为“而，然而”，表示前后意义上的对比或转折。
(4)while引导的状语从句的省略，while相当于when。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(完成句子)
① ,we discussed the great artists' works.
我们参观艺术展时讨论了这些伟大艺术家们的作品。
② ,I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.
虽然互联网有很大的帮助，但我认为花太多时间在互联网上不是一个好主意。
While we were visiting the art exhibition
While the Internet is of great help
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。
People can enjoy the moon while eating mooncakes, which are the special food for this festival.
④(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)在我看来，阅读书籍和访问网站可以提高学生的写作能力，而听歌和看电影有利于提高他们的英语口语。
In my opinion, reading books and visiting websites can enhance students' writing skills______________________________________________________
.
while listening to songs and watching movies are beneficial
to improving their spoken English
2．the way＋定语从句
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作方式状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。
(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可接不定式或of doing sth.形式。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(完成句子)
①I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way .
我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。
②The way was unpractical.
在会议上提出的方法不切实际。
(that/in which) he speaks English
that/which came up at the meeting
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③这是你能想到的减少空气污染的方法吗？
④使我吃惊的不是他说的内容而是他说话的方式。
Is this the way (which/that) you can imagine to reduce/of reducing air pollution
What surprised me was not what he said but the way (that/in which) he said it.
2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C篇
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。曾在乌兹别克斯坦当过志愿者的Tom Bissell 出于对这个国家的兴趣，几年后再次回到这里，并写了一本书叙述其在该国旅行中的见闻。本文对这本书进行了简要介绍。
1．What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan
A．His friends' invitation.
B．His interest in the country.
C．His love for teaching.
D．His desire to regain health.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，出于对乌兹别克斯坦这个国家的兴趣，他回到了那里，故B项符合题意。
2．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
答案：D
解析：代词指代题。根据第一段第三句可知，Tom回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。画线词“that”指代上文中提到的“写有关咸海消失的文章”这件事。
3．Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan
A．Romantic. B．Eventful.
C．Pleasant. D．Dangerous.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段尤其是第一句可知，Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦的旅行途中经历了很多事情。eventful“充满大事的，多变故的”符合文意。故选B。
4．What is the purpose of this text
A．To introduce a book.
B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer.
D．To recommend a travel destination.
答案：A
解析：写作意图题。文章开头引出Tom Bissell写书的背景，从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价，即全文围绕着这本书展开，目的就是向读者推荐这本书，所以选 A 项。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
代词指代题的思维建模(第2题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. _____
②(熟词生义)This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society._______
③(一词多义)His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. _______
崩溃
阴暗的
脆弱的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①lose one's mind _________
②be attracted to _____________
③dry up ___________
④pick up _______________
⑤a string of ___________________
⑥get a taste of _______________
⑦be suspected of _______________
失去理智
为……所吸引
干涸；枯竭
(不费力地)学会
一连串的；一系列的
亲身感受；体验
涉嫌；被怀疑有
三、寻结构破长句
1．In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.
抓标志：并列连词 ；从属连词 ______
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个时间状语从句的省略结构)
试翻译：在撒马尔罕，比塞尔先生欣赏着当地的建筑奇迹，___________
，他体验到了警方处理毒品交易的方法。
while
when
而在前往布
哈拉的途中
2．Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
抓标志：从属连词_________
判类型：让步状语从句＋主句
试翻译： ，它的结果是对中亚最纯粹的传统的一个精细且生动的描述。
whatever
无论它是什么
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
赏析：Bissell巧妙地(skillfully)将历史见解和文化参照(historical insights and cultural references)组织起来，从西方人的角度全面描绘了(a well-rounded picture)乌兹别克斯坦。多个形容词和副词运用巧妙，表意贴切。尤其是picture，句中采用了熟词生义——“描写”。
2．(赏意境之美)It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
赏析：在陌生的国度旅行，遇到一位可爱的24岁的翻译人员(a lovely 24-year-old translator)、房东(his hosts)、外国援助工人(a string of foreign aid workers)。作者把如此多的人物浓缩到一个句子里，让读者身临其境，感受到乌兹别克斯坦人的友好和温暖。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（五）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共97张PPT)
UNIT 4 Meeting the muse
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．quote n． 引文，引语
2．Dutch adj. 荷兰的
3．float v. 浮，漂
4．folk adj. 民间的，民俗的
5．tale n. 故事
6．motion n. 动，运动
7．crouch v. 蹲下；蹲伏
8．ethnic adj. 民族的
9．wire n. 金属丝；电线
10．cable n. 电缆
11．trend n. 趋势，动向
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．peacock n. (雄)孔雀
2．princess n. 公主
3．abstract adj. 抽象(派)的
4．awe-inspiring adj. 令人起敬的，令人钦佩的
5．installation n. 现代雕塑装置(除物体外还包括光、声等)
6．contrast n. 反差，对比
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．compose v．作(曲)→ n．作曲家→ n．作曲，创作，作品
2．Greek adj.希腊的→ n．希腊
3．literal adj.字面意义的→ adv.根据字面意思
4．technique n．技术，技能→ n. 巧匠→ adj.工艺的，技术的
composer
composition
Greece
literally
technician
technical
5．animate v．使具活力；把……制作成动画片→ n．动画片
6．distinct adj.清晰的；明显不同的→ adv.清晰地；明显不同地→ n．差别，不同
7．innovate v．改革；创新→ n．革新，创新→ adj.新颖的，创新
animation
distinctly
distinction
innovation
innovative
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.后缀“-ess”高频名词集锦
①princess 公主，王妃 ②actress 女演员
③waitress 女服务员 ④tailoress 女裁缝
⑤conductress 女售票员 ⑥hostess 女主人
⑦governess 女家庭教师
2.后缀“-ian”各行各业云集
①technician 巧匠 ②musician 音乐家
③electrician 电工 ④comedian 喜剧演员
⑤magician 魔术师 ⑥physician 内科医生
⑦politician 政治家
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 使……开始；把……发动起来
2． 陈列；展出；展览
3． 使世代相传；流传
4． 变得活跃；显得逼真
5． 为了做某事，以便做某事
set ...in motion
on display
pass down
come to life
so as to do sth.
6． 因……感激(某人)
7． 使显现；使表现出
8． 对……做出反应
9． 点亮，放光彩；喜形于色
10． 与……互动
feel grateful (to sb.) for ...
bring out
respond to sth.
light up
interact with
11． 可接近，可利用
12． 排队等候
13． 相比之下
14. 因……而疲倦
be accessible to
queue up
by contrast
be tired from/with
[联想串记]
1.“on＋n.”短语精选
on display 陈列 on business 出差
on sale 出售 on duty 值日，值班
on guard 值班 on average 平均
2.“v.＋out”短语荟萃
bring out 使显现 burn out (火)燃尽
hand out 分发 turn out 生产；结果是
look out 当心 break out 爆发
3.by相关短语汇聚
by contrast 相比之下
by mistake 错误地
by design 故意地
by chance 碰巧，凑巧
by accident 偶然，无意中
by coincidence 巧合地
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．现在完成进行时
教材原句 Since his first opera, Nine Songs, Tan Dun has been using a combination of Chinese music and sounds from all over the world to tell stories.
从他的第一部歌剧《九歌》开始，谭盾一直在用中国音乐和来自世界各地的乐音讲述故事。
推荐佳句 (新教材人教版选择性必修3佳句)We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.
现在，我们在冰层上扎营，一直在设法生存下来，但是，春天就要来了，冰层很快就会融化。
续表
2．a time when ...
教材原句 These advances are perhaps bringing us closer to a time when computers rather than humans create art.
也许，这些先进的技术正带领我们走进一个由电脑而非人类创造艺术的时代。
推荐佳句 (新教材译林版选择性必修1佳句)When we eat it again, we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and looked after, and this cheers us up.
当再次喝到鸡汤时，我们解锁记忆，回想起受到疼爱与关怀的时光，这就会让我们的情绪变好。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“悲伤”
Wordlessly, Holly sat in the car on the way home. Upon arriving home, Holly sank slowly into the sofa motionlessly, crossing her fingers on her lap, with sorrow and regret written all over her tear-stained face. Half confused, half concerned, I softly asked her what was up. Hesitating for a moment, she murmured, “I threw away the carpet.” Meanwhile, large bright drops of tears rolled heavily down her cheeks.
霍莉一言不发地坐在回家的车里。一回到家，霍莉慢慢地瘫倒在沙发上，一动不动，交叉她的手指在她的腿上，悲伤和遗憾写满了她泪痕斑斑的脸。我半是困惑，半是担心，轻轻地问她发生了什么事。她犹豫了一会儿，喃喃地说：“我把地毯扔了。”与此同时，大颗大颗明亮的泪珠从她的脸颊上滚落下来。
[点评] 本段中使用了“Wordlessly, sank slowly into, motionlessly，with sorrow and regret，tear-stained face, murmured, tears rolled heavily down”等词块生动形象地描写了霍莉在回家的路上以及到家后的悲伤心情。常用的表示“悲伤的”的词汇有sad, sorrow, grief, in sadness/sorrow/grief, cry, sob, burst into tears, can't help crying bitterly等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Never get on or off a bus while it is in (动，运动)．
2．Black and white show a striking (对比).
3．His voice was quiet but every word was (清晰的)．
4． (民间的) art and customs are traditional or typical of a particular community or nation.
motion
contrast
distinct
Folk
5．He said he had mixed feelings about returning to land after (漂浮) so long at sea.
6．When they were eating and drinking, the old king said he would tell them a (故事)．
7．The aim of the competition is to match the (引语) to the person who said it.
floating
tale
quote
8．Representatives of different (民族的) groups gather together to discuss important affairs of the state.
9．The research shows that preschool children are capable of thinking in _________(抽象的) terms.
10． (动画片) is an important part of the Chinese film and television arts.
ethnic
abstract
Animation
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage_________ (innovate)．
2．The films are a mix of (animate) and full-length features.
3．There are obvious (distinct)between the two wine-making areas.
4．We are looking for a (technique) to provide a technical support service for science teaching staff.
innovation
animation
distinctions
technician
5．There is a growing trend for people working at home instead of in offices.
6．The yellow curtains contrast the blue bedcover.
7．When he's very tired the hard work, it is easy for him to lose temper.
8．Cut down the article so as (make) it fit the space available on the paper.
towards
with
from/with
to make
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Please make another sentence to the meaning of the phrase.
2．His plans have recently gone to the public.
3．His death a train of events ,which led to the outbreak of war.
set ...in motion，on display， pass down， come to life， bring out， queue up， light up，be accessible to， respond to sth.， by contrast
bring out
on display
set
in motion
4．We want it to be easy to use so that it anyone.
5．When night came, we a big campfire to keep warm.
6．This modest group size allows our teachers to the needs of each student.
7．Besides, everything seems to in spring.
is accessible to
lighted/lit up
respond to
come to life
8．When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned .
9．It is known that the tradition has been for hundreds of years.
10．During the holiday, there were so many tourists that we had to________ for an hour to get the tickets.
by contrast
passed down
queue up
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)到目前为止，我们一直在处理这个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。(现在完成进行时)
We this project for over a month now.
2．(完成句子)这是一个重视质量、重视本质的时代。(when定语从句)
This is and essence is mostly valued.
have been working on
a time when quality is greatly honored
3．(完成句子)我们对我们的家人以及拥有的事物感恩。
We and the things that we have.
4．It is reported that it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
→ ,it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.(用定语从句改写句子)
feel grateful for our family
As is reported
5．We can not only develop new items, but also design the products according to the customers' samples.
→ new items, but also we can design the products according to the customers' samples. (用倒装句改写句子)
Not only can we develop
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．trend n．趋势，动向；倾向
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
① World football development has a trend high strength， high competition，and high speed development.
toward/towards
②The Belt and Road Initiative leads the trend globalization and surely has broad prospect.
③As everything spreads quickly on the net, I think there will be a lot of new couples who will .
由于在网上事情传播的速度很快，我想将会有很多新婚夫妇来追随那种时尚。
of
follow that trend
系统 归纳 a new trend 一种新趋势
a trend toward(s) ... 有……的趋势
lead the trend of 引领……的潮流
follow a trend 追随某一时尚
set/start a new trend 开启新潮流
微点 提醒 注意形近词tend 是动词，意为“倾向，趋向”，其名词为tendency，意为“倾向，趋势”。
2．distinct adj.清晰的；明显不同的
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
① is distinct that smoking is harmful to health.
②Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct North American jazz or blues expressive techniques.
③It is important for everybody to be able to___________________________
.
对每个人来说，能够分清是非是很重要的。
It
from
in
make/draw a distinction
between right and wrong
系统归纳 (1)It is distinct that ... 很明显……
be distinct from ... in ... 在……方面与……不同
(2)distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著
make/draw a distinction 区分开来；区别对待
the distinction between A and B A与B 之间的差别
3.bring out使显现；使表现出；出版，生产
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He is totally dedicated and brings the best in his pupils.
②If we don't act now to bring the housing price, it will surely make our society in disorder.
③Nothing gave her more pleasure than to see her children brought to be useful citizens of the country.
out
down
up
④The government plans to bring new laws, forcing parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
⑤(2022·浙江1月高考写作)From this experience, I truly understand that geographical separation does not necessarily__________________________
and that we can assimilate the other's merits contrarily.
从这段经历中，我真正理解了地域分离不一定会带来文化冲突，相反地，我们可以吸收对方的优点。
in
bring about cultural conflicts
系统 归纳 bring about 引起，导致(事故、变化等)
bring back 带回；使回忆起；使恢复
bring down 使……降低；使……倒下
bring in 引入；赚得；挣得
bring up 养育；抚养；教育；
提出(话题)；呕吐
微点 提醒 bring out具有一词多义的特点，可以表示“出版；使开放；使显现；使表现出；取出，拿出”。
4．come to life 活跃起来；变得生动有趣
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I love to watch everything coming life again in spring.
②With the doctor's help, he came to life finally.
③The cold, hard cruelty of two young men in this true story.
两个年轻人的冷酷残忍在这个真实的故事里被生动地表现出来。
to
back
is vividly brought to life
系统 归纳 come to (oneself) 苏醒过来
come back to life 苏醒过来；复活
bring ...(back) to life 使……更生动
微点 提醒 come back to life是不及物动词短语，bring ...(back)to life是及物动词短语。
5．be tired from/with因……而疲倦
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Anne told her father that she had got tired looking after the little dog and decided to give it to others.
②You must be tired the long flight. Please take a rest today.
③Every evening after supper, ,the man tends to spend a long time walking along the riverside.
每天晚上晚饭后，如果工作不累，这个人往往会花很长时间沿着河边散步。
of
from/with
if not tired out from work
系统 归纳 be/get tired of 对……厌烦
be tired out 精疲力竭；十分疲劳
tire out 使疲惫不堪
微点 提醒 短语be tired of 和be tired with/from介词不同，含义亦不同。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．不定式作表语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①My purpose is (climb) to the top of the snow mountain.
②What I need is (make) them happy, not tired.
to climb
to make
③What I want to do is .
我想做的是弄点淡水。
④His wish is in the remote mountainous areas.
他的愿望是成为一名偏远山区的义务教师。
(to) get some fresh water
to become a volunteer teacher
2．v.-ing形式作表语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The real question is (get) to know the needs of the students.
②It was really (excite) to watch the military parade on the National Day.
getting
exciting
③ that a disabled person has made such great achievements.
一个残疾人取得如此巨大的成就真是令人惊讶。
④As I know, the child's passion is .
正如我所知，孩子酷爱唱歌和跳舞。
It is amazing
singing and dancing
3．v.-ed形式作表语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He was so (surprise) to hear that his favorite star had passed away.
②Inspired by his teacher's words, he was (determine) to improve his English.
③The film that the audience .
这部电影如此感人，以至于观众们感动得流下了眼泪。
surprised
determined
was so moving
were moved to tears
[谨记规则]
(1)动词不定式形式作表语时表示的动作往往是具体的、一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。通常主语是表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”等的名词或what引导的主语从句。
(2)v.-ing形式作表语时表示一般性、习惯性的动作，或抽象的动作，大部分时候主语与表语可以互换；还可以表示主语具有的特征和属性。
(3)v.-ed形式作表语时表示主语(人和事物)的被动关系或存在状态或情感情绪等。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．compose v．作(曲)，创作；撰写(信函、讲稿、诗歌等)；组成，构成
(一个整体)；使镇静，使平静
常见考法 (1)be composed of 由……组成
compose oneself 使自己镇定下来
(2)composer n. 作曲家
composition n. 组成，构成；创作，作曲；作文，作品
升维考法 表示“由……组成”的短语还有：consist of，be made up of，且短语consist of不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①As is known to us all, Beethoven is one of the greatest (compose) in the world.
②She took a deep breath to compose (she), though she was very nervous.
③The (compose) of the group that is studied depends on the interests of the researcher.
composers
herself
composition
?细练升维考法(一句多译)
海水主要由水和盐组成。
④The sea water water and salt.(compose)
⑤The sea water water and salt.(consist)
⑥The sea water water and salt.(make)
is mainly composed of
mainly consists of
is mainly made up of
2．contrast n．反差，对比 v.对照，对比
常见 考法 (1)contrast with ... 与……形成对照
contrast A with/and B 把 A 和 B 进行对比
(2)in contrast to/with ... 与……形成对比
by contrast 相比之下
升维 考法 注意形近义远的单词：
①contract n. 合同，契约 ②contact n．&v.接触，联系
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Their old house had been large and broad； contrast the new London flat seemed small and dark.
②In contrast his brother, he was always considerate in his treatment of others.
③Her actions contrasted sharply her words.
by
to/with
with
?细练升维考法[选词填空(contrast, contract, contact)]
④He tried in vain to get into with the local branch.
⑤There is an obvious between the cultures of the West and East.
⑥It was a mistake on the part of Jones to sign the without reading it.
contact
contrast
contract
3．pass down(使)世代相传；流传
常见考法 pass ... off as ... 把……装作……；把……冒充成……
pass by 通过；经过(……旁边)
pass away 去世，消失
pass sth. on to sb. 把某物传递给某人
升维考法 pass down强调从上一代传递给下一代，“传下来，传承”。pass on除了指“代代传承”之外，还可以指从一种活动或阶段到另一个活动或阶段，“传递，转交，传给”。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①It took him quite a while to be used to living alone after his parents passed .
②He took every chance to pass his superior knowledge to his audience.
③He passed a neighbour as his father when being asked to bring his parents by the teacher.
away
on
off
?细练升维考法(完成句子/句式升级)
④This tradition from generation to generation since two thousand years ago.
这个传统是两千年前一代一代传下来的。
⑤As time passes by, I begin to know that not all my dreams will come true.
→ ,I begin to know that not all my dreams will come true. (用with复合结构升级)
has been passed down
With time passing by
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
a time when ...
a time when ...意为“……的时间……”，when引导定语从句，修饰a time，此处when 相当于at/during which。常用句型：
(1)This is/was a time when ... 这是一个……的时期
(2)There was a time when ... 曾有一段时间……
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(单句语法填空)
①There was a time girls couldn't go to school.
②This is a time the economy is developing rapidly.
when
when
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③这个国家曾经是世界上最强大的国家之一。
④这是一年中人们与家人和朋友聚会庆祝春节的时候。
There was a time when this country was one of the strongest countries in the world.
This is a time of year when people get together with family and friends to celebrate the Spring Festival.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。工人“Nicolo”无意中在意大利警察所经营的拍卖会上得到了两幅画，最后经过鉴定，两幅画都是大师的原作，价值不菲。
1．A.attached B．allocated
C．exposed D．submitted
答案：C
解析：根据下文的“because of Italy's privacy laws”可知，由于意大利隐私法，他的真名不能被透露。
2．A.finished B．delayed
C．considered D．tried
答案：A
解析：根据下文的“after work auction(拍卖)”可知，他是工作结束后去的拍卖会。
3．A.attended B．reserved
C．cancelled D．run
答案：D
解析：根据语境，应该是意大利警察所经营的一个拍卖会。run“经营，管理”。
4．A.shown B．found
C．kept D．hidden
答案：B
解析：根据“ by the Italian police”可推断，拍卖的东西应是在火车上找到的。
5．A.nice B．familiar
C．useful D．real
答案：A
解析：根据语境及常识可知，Nicolo发现了两幅画，他认为挂在餐桌上方会很好看。
6．A.battled B．debated
C．discussed D．bargained
答案：A
解析：根据下文的“Nicolo finally won the paintings”可知，Nicolo 和另外一个竞标者是在竞争。battle“竞争”。
7．A.held B．left
C．registered D．brought
答案：D
解析：根据上文“When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily”以及下文“He hung them above the same table he had from Turin.”可推测，Nicolo把两幅画和那个餐桌都从Turin 带到了 Sicily。
8．A.chosen B．received
C．ordered D．moved
答案：D
解析：参见上题解析。
9．A.missed B．failed
C．taken D．led
答案：C
解析：他的儿子上过艺术鉴赏课。take“学习，上(课程)”。
10．A.concrete B．unusual
C．unappealing D．natural
答案：B
解析：根据“His son, age 15, who had an art appreciation class”可知，他的儿子上过艺术鉴赏课，觉得这幅画不同寻常。
11．A.appreciated B．touched
C．researched D．witnessed
答案：C
解析：根据“It was signed(签名)‘Bonnato’ or so he thought”可知，Nicolo的儿子去查了这个签名，但是查到的只有“Bonnard”，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。
12．A.painter B．designer
C．author D．actor
答案：A
解析：参见上题解析。
13．A.expected B．surprised
C．anxious D．ready
答案：B
解析：根据语境及下文“That's the garden in our picture”可推测，Nicolo 的儿子买的一本书中有Pierre Bonnard的一幅图片，图片中的椅子和花园跟Nicolo得到的画中的一模一样，这应该是让人惊讶的。
14．A.room B．kitchen
C．hall D．garden
答案：D
解析：参见上题解析。上文“on a garden chair”和下文“That's the garden”也是提示。
15．A.apparently B．confidently
C．eventually D．temporarily
答案：C
解析：根据语境可知， Nicolo 父子最终(eventually)知道了画的名字。
16．A.owned B．borrowed
C．sold D．stole
答案：A
解析：根据语境可知，应该是他们拥有的画。
17．A.collected B．cleaned
C．framed D．studied
答案：D
解析：根据语境可知，他们调查了第一幅画和它的作者之后，又去研究另外一幅画。frame“给(图画或照片)配框”。
18．A.suitably B．actually
C．rightly D．specifically
答案：B
解析：根据语境可知，他们研究了另外一幅画，得知这幅画实际上是 Paul Gauguin 的作品。
19．A.girl B．artist
C．family D．police
答案：C
解析：根据下文可知，应该是父子俩打电话去意大利文化部求证画的真伪。只有 family 可以指代文中出现的父子俩。
20．A.copies B．originals
C．models D．presents
答案：B
解析：根据“the official confirmed”可知，官方证实这两幅画是画家原作。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
行文逻辑题的思维建模(第15题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：顺句意 理解基本句意 他们了解到，他们拥有的那幅画叫做 《女孩和两把椅子》。
第二步：找依据 根据上下文逻辑关系找依据 上文提到Nicolo的儿子为了弄清楚这位画家费了不小的气力进行研究。下文提到他们弄清楚了原委。根据语境可知，Nicolo 父子最终知道了画的名字。
第三步：会辨析 辨析选项词汇的意义，做出选择 apparently“显然地”，confidently“自信地”， eventually“最终”，temporarily“暂时地”。 故选C。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction” run by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. ___________
②(一词多义)There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room table.______
③(熟词生义)Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32._____
经营；管理
发现
竞争
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①be exposed to _______
②stop by _________
③an art appreciation class _______________
④something unusual _____________
⑤or so ___________
⑥hear of _____
⑦as much as _____
曝光于
顺便访问
一堂艺术鉴赏课
不寻常的事情
大概；大约
听说
多达
三、寻结构破长句
1．His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
抓标志：关系代词 ；连接词_____
判类型：主句(含有一个定语从句)＋宾语从句
试翻译：他的儿子，15岁， ，觉得有个小女孩坐在花园椅子上的那幅画有些不寻常。
who
that
上过艺术鉴赏课
2．It was signed “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he researched it, he only found “Bonnard，” a French painter he had never heard of.
抓标志：并列连词 ；从属连词 ；被省略的关系代词who/whom/that
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个时间状语从句和一个定语从句)
试翻译：他认为签名大概是“Bonnato”，但 ，他只找到了“Bonnard”，一位 法国画家。
but
when
当他研究它时
他从未听说过的
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)He bought a book and was surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same garden as his father's painting.
赏析：句中两个the same和形容词 surprised强调了这种巧合，令人印象深刻。the same as结构常用于说明比较的事物或人完全相同。
[对点练——完成句子]
①The cake .
这块蛋糕尝起来和巧克力的味道一样。
②He reuses things for .
他将物品循环利用，与之前同样的用途。
tastes the same as chocolate
the same purpose as before
2．(赏用词之美)The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.
赏析：confirm, original, worth as much as $50 million等词让读者认识到拍到的两幅画的确是大师的原作，价值不菲，也让读者感受到生活中的存在的偶然性和戏剧性。
3．(赏意境之美)His son, age 15, who had taken an art appreciation class, thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
赏析：一个15岁的少年，上过艺术欣赏课(had taken an art appreciation class)，在这幅画作里发现了不寻常的东西(something unusual)，而事实确实如此，不由让人感叹博学多识方能慧眼识珠。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（四）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
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UNIT 3 Faster, higher, stronger
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．shiny adj. 光滑发亮的，闪光的
2．shot n. 投球，射球，击球
3．bump n. 隆起之处
4．bounce v. (使)弹起，(使)反弹
5．warrior n. 武士，战士
6．hoop n. (篮球中的)篮圈
7．cheat v. 欺骗，作弊
8．yoga n. 瑜伽
9．net n. 球网
10．spiker n. (排球队的)扣球队员，主攻手
11．burst v. 突然出现
12．defeat v. 战胜，打败
13．steely adj. 钢铁般的；坚定的
14．nerve n. 意志力
15．seize v. 夺取
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．backboard n. 篮板
2．teammate n. 队友
3．footstep n. 脚步声；足迹
4．self-belief n. 自信
5．opponent n. (竞争、比赛等的)对手
6．quarter-final n. 四分之一决赛
7．preliminary adj. 初步的；预备的
8．surgery n. 外科手术
9．comeback n. 东山再起
10．semi-final n. 半决赛
11．ingredient n. (完成某事的)要素，因素
12．teamwork n. 合作，协作
13．podium n. 表演台，讲台
14．tournament n. 锦标赛
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．associate v．联系；联想→ n．协会，社团；关联
2．mud n．泥，泥浆→ adj.沾满泥的，泥泞的
3．sharp adj.尖的；锋利的→ v．使提高，使改进→___________ n．磨具，削具
4．expect v．预料，预期→ n．预料，预期
association
muddy
sharpen
sharpener
expectation
5．philosophy n. 人生哲学→ n. 哲学家
6．remark n．评论，言论 v．发表言论→ adj.非凡的；不寻常的→ adv.非凡地；不寻常地
7．vivid adj.生动的，逼真的→ adv.生动地；逼真地→___________ n．鲜艳；活泼；生动；逼真
philosopher
remarkable
remarkably
vividly
vividness
8．assign v．分配，分派→ adj.分派的，指定的→___________ n．(工作等的)分派，布置
9．cooperate v．合作，协作→ n．合作，协作
10．intense adj.紧张的，激烈的→ adv.紧张地，激烈地
assigned
assignment
cooperation
intensely
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.后缀“-tion”名词拾遗
①association 协会，社团
②relation 关系；联系
③instruction 说明；指导
④communication 交流
⑤collection 收藏品
⑥introduction 引进；介绍
⑦donation 捐赠；赠送
2.后缀“-ation”名词补缺
①expectation 预料，预期
②conservation 保护
③declaration 宣布
④starvation 饥饿
⑤exploration 检测；探险
⑥combination 结合
3.后缀“-able”形容词聚焦
①remarkable adj. 非凡的；不寻常的
②adjustable 可调节的
③fashionable 时尚的；时髦的
④reasonable 合理的
⑤adaptable 适合的；能适应的
⑥reliable 可信赖的；可靠的
⑦acceptable 可接受的
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 与……大不相同
2． 把……固定/附在……上
3． 倒塌，向下垮
4． 仿效某人；继承某人(尤指家人)的事业
5． 继续，坚持
6． 超出某人的预期
a far cry from
attach ... to ...
give way
follow in one's footsteps
carry on
beyond one's expectations
7． 连续地
8． 着手做某事
9． 投入
10． 突然出现在……(指突然成功)
11． 取得成功；还清(债务)
12． 浮沉；盛衰；苦乐
in a row
set out to do sth.
put in
burst onto
pay off
ups and downs
[联想串记]
1.“v.＋ on”短语大团圆
carry on 继续，坚持
agree on 同意；达成协议
call on 拜访，看望
concentrate on 聚精会神，全神贯注
count on 指望，依赖
depend on 依靠
2.“ups and downs”形近短语万花筒
back and forth 来来回回
day and night 日夜；昼夜
here and there 到处
now and then 时而；不时
right and left 左右两边；到处
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．too ... to ...
教材原句 Despite his father's successful career, Stephen was thought by many people, including his high school teammates and coaches, to be too short, too thin and too weak to follow in his father's footsteps.
尽管父亲的职业生涯很成功，但是斯蒂芬的高中队友和教练等很多人都认为他太矮太瘦弱，无法延续他父亲的荣耀。
推荐佳句 ①(新教材人教版必修1佳句)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
②(新教材北师大版选择性必修2佳句)Some books are just too difficult to be adapted for technical reasons, although films like The Life of Pi are changing this idea.一些书由于技术原因很难拍成电影，虽然《少年派的奇幻漂流》等电影的出现正在改变这一问题。
续表
2.see＋宾语＋宾语补足语
教材原句 And there we see the Chinese players embracing, with tears of happiness in their eyes ...
我们看到中国队的队员们眼含幸福的热泪，相拥在一起……
推荐佳句 ①(新教材人教版必修3佳句)They see a poor young man walking outside their house.
他们看到一个穷困潦倒的年轻人从户外走过。
推荐佳句 ②(新教材译林版必修3佳句)The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.
人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。
续表
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“希望”
My teacher told me that my writing was novel in conception and unique in language. She read my composition aloud in front of the whole class and spoke highly of me, which inspired me greatly. The teacher also recommended my composition to the newspaper, and my article appeared in the newspaper. Recently, I won the first prize in the national primary and secondary school composition contest, awarded the title of Future Little Writer and praised by the principal in the conference, which made me glad. I would work harder to become a real writer, and write more and better works.
我的老师告诉我，我的写作构思新颖，语言独特。她在全班同学面前大声朗读了我的作文，对我的评价很高，这给了我很大的鼓舞。老师还向报纸推荐了我的作文，我的文章出现在了报纸上。最近，我在全国中小学生作文比赛中获得了一等奖，被授予了“未来小作家”的称号，并在大会上得到了校长的表扬，这让我很高兴。我要更加努力学习，成为一个真正的作家，写更多、更好的作品。
[点评] 本段中使用了“novel, unique, spoke highly of, inspired, recommended, appeared in, won the first prize, awarded, praised by”等词汇表达了老师对作者的希望和作者对自己充满希望的心情。常用的表示“希望”的词汇有：hope, hopeful, encourage, inspire, be eager for等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The ball (弹起) crazily over his shoulder into the net.
2．I'm delighted to be on top of the leaderboard in a (锦标赛) that has so many star names playing.
3．But much will depend on who his (对手) is.
4．He was always a great example to his (队友)．
bounced
tournament
opponent
teammates
5．Who marked the first human (足迹) on the moon
6．What attracts him most is the Taoist (哲学) rooted in Tai Chi.
7．The annual sports meeting includes many events, such as the high jump, the long jump, the (投球) put, track and field, the relay race and so on.
8．I know it sounds unbelievable but I never wanted to (欺骗)．
footstep
philosophy
shot
cheat
9．If possible, I will (分配) to you as little homework as I can, but it is a fantasy nowadays.
10．They lost the game, but they refused to acknowledge having been ________(打败)．
11．Their indecision has been replaced by confidence and (钢铁般的) determination.
12．A sense of depression (夺取) him when he realized that he failed to be admitted into the ideal school.
assign
defeated
steely
seized
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I walked in the house with my (mud) football boots.
2．The English (assign) is a book report.
3．It's a waste of time for John to (sharp) the axe.
4．We all agreed to strengthen the (cooperate) between our two parties.
muddy
assignment
sharpen
cooperation
5．I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English __________(associate)．
6．It would be highly appreciated if it is solved as (expect).
7．She is a (remarkable) determined manager and we like her very much.
association
expected
remarkably
8．I can still (vivid) remember my grandfather teaching me to play cards.
9．His appearance on the platform was greeted with burst of applause.
10．Everyone who heard it just burst out (laugh) when he came out with it.
vividly
a
laughing
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．At five in the morning he to do his work.
2．Creators handle of life wisely.
3．I'm so proud to see all your efforts have .
in a row， carry on， give way， attach to， set out， put in， pay off， ups and downs，beyond one's expectations， a far cry from
set out
ups and downs
paid off
4．Despite her problems, she working as usual.
5．He finished second in the championship four years .
6．The gate suddenly and an angry crowd burst out of the yard.
7．I know more than anyone else how much effort you have .
carried on
in a row
gave way
put in
8．Emma had never taken herself as a crane and become deeply__________ humans.
9．She never thought she'd get the job, and so was pleased_____________
.
10．Living in the heart of New York City is certainly living in the rural countryside.
attached to
beyond her
a far cry from
expectations
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)表扬孩子的努力而不是结果也意味着认可孩子。(动名词短语作主语)
can also mean recognizing your child.
2．(完成句子)当我向外看时，我看到一些孩子正在放风筝。(see＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
When I looked out，I .
Praising the child's effort and not the outcome
saw some children flying kites
3．(一句多译)有一天，我筋疲力尽，不知所措，无法集中精力听他教的东西。
①One day，I was what he taught. (too ... to do ...)
②One day，I was ___________________________________________________
what he taught.(so ... that ... )
4．I hope that you can remember me as often as possible.
→ you can remember me as often as possible. (用it作形式主语改写句子)
too exhausted and confused to concentrate on
so exhausted and confused that I couldn't concentrate on
It is my hope that
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．association n．协会，社团；关联
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2022·北京高考)However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell (associate) with danger.
associated
②If you associate positive-thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success.
③He always associates the smell of those flowers his happy childhood.
④We are working a local company to raise money for the homeless.
我们正与一家当地公司联合为无家可归的人筹钱。
with
with
in association with
系统归纳 (1)in association with 与……联合/有关联
(2)associate v. 联系；联想
associate ... with ... 使……与……联系起来
associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系
be associated with 与……有关
2.expectation n．预料，预期，期望
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2022·全国甲卷)People in France expect you (eat) with a utensil in each hand.
②(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)The couple has a high success rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go the homeowner's expectations.
to eat
beyond
③I participate in the English Speech Contest in (expect) of defeating my opponent.
④The exams are likely to work out expected and my dream to be admitted into my favorite university will come true.
⑤(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)With time passing by, my teacher got to know me and I hope I can .
随着时间的推移，老师逐渐了解了我，我希望能不辜负他的期望。
expectation
as
live up to his expectations
系统归纳 (1)out of/beyond sb.'s expectations 超乎某人想象；出乎某人意料
live/come up to sb.'s expectations
不辜负某人的期望；达到某人的期望
in/with the expectation that ... 预计/期望……
(2)expect v． 预料，预期，预计；期待；猜想，认为
expect (sb.) to do sth. 期盼(某人)做某事
(3)expected adj. 预料的，预期的
as expected 不出所料，正如预期的那样
3．assign v．分配，分派
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Students will work in groups to complete four (assign) during the course.
②After his graduation from college, he was assigned (work) at the foreign ministry.
③From my point of view, teachers shouldn't __________________________
.
依我看，老师们不应该给孩子们布置太多的家庭作业。
assignments
to work
assign too much homework to
students
系统归纳 (1)assign sb. sth.＝assign sth. to sb. 分配某人某事
assign sb. to sth./as sth. 指派某人做某一项工作/任某一职务
assign sb. to do sth. 分派/委派某人做某事
(2)assignment n. 任务；作业
4．carry on继续，坚持
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①You'll wear yourself out if you carry on (work) so hard.
②After carrying the plan, the study results of all classmates saw obvious increase, and our teacher was happy with the result.
③After the new school term began, I while I was working hard at my studies.
新学期开始后，我在努力学习的同时继续练习。
working
out
carried on with the practice
系统归纳 carry on doing sth. 继续做某事，坚持做某事
carry on with sth. 继续某事
carry out 履行；实施；开展；完成(任务)
carry through 实现；完成
微点提醒 carry on后面跟宾语时，on是介词，表示“开展/举行/进行某项活动”；后面不跟宾语时，on是副词，表示“继续；坚持”。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．动名词作主语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
① (balance) your schoolwork with other activities is of great benefit to you.
② (review) what we’ve learned on time is a good way to improve our study efficiency.
Balancing
Reviewing
③ (spend) too much time online makes it difficult for us to focus on other things in life.
④ is a really big challenge.
从初中升入高中是一个很大的挑战。
⑤ made all of us worried.
他没有按时到达车站，这使我们都很担心。
Spending
Going from junior high school to senior high school
His not arriving at the station on time
2．it作形式主语，动词-ing形式为真正的主语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It's no use (talk) to him any more. You are wasting your breath.
②It's no good (talk) over the experience of foreign countries uncritically.
③It's a mere waste of time .
再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
talking
talking
waiting any longer
[谨记规则]
(1)动名词作主语常用来表示经常性或习惯性的动作，且通常放在句首，谓语动词用单数形式。动名词作主语，还可以是复合结构，即前面可以有物主代词。
(2)动词-ing形式作主语的句子可以转化成为用it 作形式主语的句子。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．burst v．突然出现；爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发
常见 考法 (1)burst in 闯进来；突然插嘴
burst into 突然闯入
burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支
burst out laughing/crying＝burst into laughter/tears
突然大笑/大哭起来
burst onto 突然出现在……(指突然成功)
(2)a burst of (突然的)一阵
升维 考法 短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面接宾语。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Hospital staff burst cheers after doctors completed a 20-hour operation to have separated one-year-old twins at the head.
②I felt as if my heart would burst joy when I heard the news that the Chinese team had won the championship.
③Audrey Hepburn was seen as a new kind of star when she burst the scene in 1953.
into
with
onto
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/一句多译)
④He burst without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.
⑤He burst the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.
in
into
⑥看到她的同学因为她的愚蠢错误而大笑起来，她哭了起来。
→Seeing her classmates because of her foolish mistakes, she .(burst into)
→Seeing her classmates because of her foolish mistakes, she .(burst out)
burst into laughter
burst into tears
burst out laughing
burst out crying
2．give way倒塌，向下垮
常见 考法 give a cry of 发出……的叫声
give away 赠送，捐赠；泄露(秘密)；颁发
give way to 撤退；让步，让路；让……优先
give off 发出，放出(气味、热、光等)
give out 分发，分配；发表；散发；筋疲力尽，用尽
give in 屈服，让步，上交(试卷)
give up 放弃，投降
升维 考法 give way表示“倒塌，向下垮”；而give way to则表示“为……让路/所替代”之意。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021·全国甲卷)Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give
②We gave 600 books to the school library last year.
③(2022·浙江6月高考)Some looked like they had totally given on life, while others seemed to be making the best of the situation, smiling and joking.
up
away
up
④But Jeff's hand touched the hot burner and he .
但是杰夫的手碰到了炉子，他痛苦地叫了一声。
?细练升维考法[选词填空(give way/give way to)]
⑤The old building due to the earthquake.
⑥He is such a determined person that he will never any difficulties.
gave a cry of pain
gave way
give way to
3．pay off 取得成功；还清；付清工资后解雇
常见 考法 pay for sth. 付钱(买)；支付；因某事吃苦头或受惩罚
pay sb for sth. 因某物/事付钱给某人
pay back 还钱；偿还；报复
pay a visit to 参观；拜访
pay attention to 注意；留心
升维 考法 pay off表示“还清”时，是及物动词用法，而表示“得到好结果，取得成功”时，是不及物动词用法。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①In the age of high technology, reading deserves to be paid attention .
②I will use the prize money to help pay my education.
③If it is convenient for you, please pay a visit me and have a further discussion of the issue.
to
for
to
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
④As a proverb goes, “Where there's a will, there's a way.” Our efforts ___________in time.
正如谚语所说：“有志者事竟成。”我们的努力终将得到回报。
⑤It would take him the rest of his life to .
他得用余生来还清那笔贷款。
will pay off
pay off that loan
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
too ...to ...“太……而不能……”
(1)“too ... to ...”结构中，若too后接glad, pleased, happy, eager, anxious, willing, ready, easy等表示人的态度、情感倾向的形容词时，表示肯定意义，too相当于very。
(2)“too ... to”结构之前带有but, only, all, never, not时，表示肯定意义，译作“非常……；十分……；实在……；真是太……”等。
(3)“too ... to ...”结构可以与“not enough ... to ...” 或 “so ... that ...” 结构相互转换。
(4)“can't ... too ...”表示“无论怎样……也不过分”。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①She isn't old enough to do the work.
→
②The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
→
She is too young to do the work.
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③玛丽请我帮忙，但我太忙了，没时间帮她。
④他急于知道考试结果。
Mary asked a favour of me, but I was too busy to help her.
He is only too eager to know the result of the examination.
2020·全国卷 Ⅰ·阅读理解C篇
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了竞走这项运动的相关情况及其与跑步的不同之处。
1．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes
A．They must run long distances.
B．They are qualified for the marathon.
C．They have to follow special rules.
D．They are good at swinging their legs.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But the sport's rules require ... at all times.”可知，竞走运动的规则要求竞走者的膝关节在腿摆动时的大部分时间里伸直，同时一只脚保持与地面接触。据此可知，竞走者必须遵循一些特殊的运动规则。
2．What advantage does race walking have over running
A．It's more popular at the Olympics.
B．It's less challenging physically.
C．It's more effective in body building.
D．It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，如跑步者的膝盖(受伤)，在竞走者中并不常见。据此可知，竞走与跑步相比不太可能导致膝盖受伤。
3．What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking
A．Getting experts' opinions.
B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach.
D．Doing regular exercises.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“anyone wishing to try ... proper technique”可知， Norberg 博士建议任何希望尝试竞走的人或许应该先咨询下教练或有经验的竞走者，以学习正确的技巧。
4．Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
答案：B
解析：观点态度题。根据全文内容可知，作者提到了竞走这项运动的好处，同时也指出它的一些缺点。作者的态度是客观的。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
观点态度题的思维建模(第4题)
思维建模 模型应用
第一步：明要求 根据题干确定问的是谁 对什么的态度 提取题干关键信息the author's attitude to race walking，可以确定问的是作者对竞走这一运动项目的态度。
第二步：抓关键 作者观点和文章主旨关系密切，同时关注引述性语言的态度倾向。 通读全文内容，结合第一段的描述可知，作者在文中提到了竞走这项运动的好处，同时也指出它的一些缺点。
第三步：推态度 辨析选项词汇，客观推断人物 态度。 skeptical“怀疑的”；objective“客观的”； tolerant“宽容的”；conservative“谨慎的”。 作者在文中提到了竞走这项运动的好处，同时也指出它的一些缺点，故可推知作者的态度是客观的。故选B。
续表
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(熟词生义)Race walkers are conditioned athletes. ____________________
②(熟词生义)However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says.________
③(一词多义)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.______
有条件的；训练有素的
反复击打
施加
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①race walking _____
②share ...with ... _______________
③track and field event _________
④assistant professor _________
⑤as a result ______
竞走
与……分享……
田径项目
助理教授
结果
⑥associate with ________________
⑦place stress on ___________
⑧proper technique ___________
⑨follow special rules _____________
⑩do regular exercises _________
与……联系在一起
施加压力于
恰当的技术
遵循特殊规则
经常锻炼
三、寻结构破长句
1．According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
抓标志：关系代词 从属连词____________
which；which
as; although
判类型：主句＋定语从句(含有一个比较状语从句)＋让步状语从句(省略句)＋定语从句
试翻译：根据大多数计算，竞走者以每小时6英里的速度移动每小时将消耗大约800卡路里， ， ，跑步每小时可能消耗大约1 000或更多的卡路里。
这大约是步行的两倍
尽管比跑步少
2．According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
抓标志：并列连词 ;关系代词_____
判类型：简单句＋并列连词＋复合句(含有一个定语从句)
试翻译：根据她的研究，跑步者每一步着地的重量是他们体重的四倍， 。
while
who
而竞走者，他们不离开地面，每一步只产生他们体重的1.4倍
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.
赏析：本句中straight和swing两个词形象地描绘出了竞走运动的典型特征；用了不同的动词stay和remain，恰当地说明了竞走运动的规则要求；through most of the leg swing和at all times两个状语有效地丰富了信息，体现了规则的具体性和强制性。
2．(赏逻辑之美)But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.
赏析：上文重点说明了竞走运动的好处，本句以转折连词but开头，承接上文，转而指出这项运动的缺点，重点突出。随即用并列连词so指出有过此类受伤史的人在采用这种运动方式时可能要谨慎，入情入理、逻辑清晰，易被读者接受。
[对点练——单句语法填空]
①We just order them to do this or that, hardly are we aware what we can do for them.
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)It usually covers the main events in our school, __by simply turning the pages, I can learn about the important events during the week.
but
so
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（三）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共103张PPT)
UNIT 2 Onwards and upwards
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．debt n． 债务，欠款
2．pace n. 速度；进度
3．rye n. 黑麦
4．beaver n. 河狸，海狸
5．contest n. 比赛，竞赛
6．upset adj. 心烦意乱的，烦恼的
7．worthy adj. 值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的
8．mere adj. 仅仅，只不过
9．probe v. 调查；探究
10．dawn n. 黎明，破晓
11．amid prep. 在……之中
12．haunt n. (某人)常去的地方
13．descend v. 降临；来临
14．mighty adj. 强有力的；雄伟的
15．relish n. 享受，乐趣
16．morsel n. (尤指食物的)一小片，一小块
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．overnight adv. 突然，一下子
2．nevertheless adv. 然而，不过
3．manuscript n. 手稿，底稿
4．best-seller n. 畅销书；畅销产品
5．laureate n. 重要奖项获得者
6．classic n. 名著；经典作品
7．endurance n. (忍)耐力
8．guarantee v. 保证；确保
9．outcome n. 结果，后果
10．worthwhile adj. 重要的；值得做的
11．blanket n. 毯子，毛毯
12．cucumber n. 黄瓜
13．blessing n. 幸事，幸运
14．fingertip n. 指尖
15．outline n. 外形，轮廓
16．intoxicate v. 使兴奋，使陶醉
17．pageant n. 盛大的(露天)演出
18．workaday adj. 平凡的；平淡的
19．permanent adj. 长久的；永久的
20．orchestra n. (大型的)管弦乐队
21．tactile adj. 触觉的
22．perfume n. 香味
23．literary adj. 文学的
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．inform v．通知，告知→ n．信息→ adj.提供有用信息的
2．dread v．畏惧，惧怕→ adj. 可怕的，令人畏惧的
3．rare adj.稀少的；罕有的→ adv.很少，难得
4．reject v．拒绝，拒收，不予考虑→ n．拒绝，否决
information
informative
dreadful
rarely
rejection
5．persevere v. 锲而不舍，坚持不懈→ n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
6．critic n．批评家，批评者→ vt.批评；指责→ n．批评；指责
7．delight n．愉快，使人高兴的事v.高兴，取乐→ adj.愉快的，高兴的→ adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的
perseverance
criticise
criticism
delighted
delightful
8．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→ n．热情；热心
9．elect v．选举，推选→ n．选举，推选→ adj.选举的，可选择的
10．appreciate v．感激，欣赏→ adj.感激的→_____________ n．感激，欣赏
11．gentle adj.和蔼的，温和的→ n．和蔼，温和→ adv.温和地；轻柔地
enthusiasm
election
elective
appreciative
appreciation
gentleness
gently
12．companion n．伙伴，同伴→ n．友谊；友好交往
13．reveal vt.展示，显示→ n．展现，显示
14．embarrass v．使窘迫，使尴尬→ adj.难堪的，尴尬的→ ______________n．尴尬；窘迫；难堪→ adj.令人尴尬的
companionship
revelation
embarrassed
embarrassment
embarrassing
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.相携“-ing”结尾
①blessing 幸事，幸运 ②warning 警告
③feeling 感觉；感情 ④greeting 问候；致意
⑤suffering 痛苦；苦难 ⑥training 训练；锻炼
2.共享“-ive”后缀
①appreciative 感激的
②impressive 使人印象深刻的
③creative 有创造力的
④constructive 建设性的
⑤attractive 有吸引力的
⑥instructive 有教育意义的
3.同在一条“船”上
①companionship 友谊；友好交往
②friendship 友谊
③leadership 领导地位
④relationship 关系
⑤scholarship 奖学金
⑥membership 成员资格
⑦championship 冠军头衔
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 以……为例
2． 有相同的特征(或特点等)
3． 把……粘在……上
4． 沿着
5． 拒绝某人
take ...for example
have ...in common
stick ... on ...
along the lines of
turn sb. down
6． 总共
7． 扮演一个角色；参与
8． 失明与失聪
9． 珍惜；感激
10． 值得……的
a total of
play a part
be stricken blind and deaf
appreciative of
worthy of
11． 探究，详尽调查
12． 习惯于(某种状态或行为方式)
13． (尤指为了进攻)逼近，靠近
14． 突然降临
probe into
go about
close in on
descend upon
[联想串记]
1.“举例”说法多
take ...for example for example
for instance such as
to name only a few
2.“总共；合计”知多少
a total of in total
in all add up to
sum up amount to
3.“调查”表达多
probe into research
investigate survey
look into inquire into
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．with复合结构
教材原句 ... and as we know, Harry Potter became a global success, with over 400 million books sold and translated into more than seventy different languages.
……我们都知道，《哈利·波特》后来在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。
推荐佳句 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Hearing my words, David turned to me tremblingly with tears spilling out of his eyes.
听到我的话，大卫颤抖地转过身来，泪水从眼中溢出。
续表
2．祈使句＋and＋陈述句
教材原句 Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you ...”
坚持下去，你终会收到这样的回复：“我们高兴地通知您……”
推荐佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)In addition, call on people around us to take action and we will have cleaner oceans.
此外，呼吁我们周围的人采取行动，我们将拥有更清洁的海洋。
②(新教材北师大版选择性必修3佳句)Keep doing this, and you can become an expert or a specialist in something one day.
持之以恒，这样有一天你才会成为某个行业的专家或专业人士。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“满意”
I gave her a hopeful smile, wiping my eyes with the back of my hand. “A magical flying truck! I bet it could get there even faster than my canoe！” Inspired by her fancy, I started to tell how my flying truck would go through the sky and arrive there. Content in the sunlight, with my toes in the mud, I listened to Marie and let our imaginations run far, far away.
我给了她一个满怀希望的微笑，用手背擦了擦眼睛。“一辆神奇的飞行卡车！我打赌它到达那里的速度比我的独木舟还快！”在她的想象的启发下，我开始讲述我的飞行卡车将如何穿过天空到达那里。我心满意足地徜徉在阳光下，脚趾踩在泥里，听着玛丽的歌，让我们的想象跑得很远很远。
[点评] 本段中使用了“a hopeful smile, Inspired by her fancy, Content in the sunlight”等词块来描述人物满意的心情，生动形象。常用的表示“满意”的词汇有：satisfy，be satisfied with, content，be content with, be pleased with, be filled with pride等。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)I do expect Youth can publish more (经典) works and have a promising future.
2．After having heard this satisfactory (结果), Steve felt a sense of joy and happiness surging through him.
3．What impresses me most is his friendly and (热心的) attitude towards all the customers.
classic
outcome
enthusiastic
4．Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at (黎明) on my farm，” he said.
5．It looked like a beautiful woven (毯子) spread out upon the ground just for us.
6．We went to the seaside, to our holiday house，which was to be our ___________(永久的) home.
dawn
blanket
permanent
7．I (惧怕) to think what would happen if there really was a fire here.
8．I'm a realist ─ I know you can't change people (一下子)．
9．He found the test difficult but (然而) made a good stab
at it.
10．Despite a number of setbacks, they (坚持不懈) in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon.
dread
overnight
nevertheless
persevered
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I'm now up to my ears debt and dare not borrow any more money.
2．It was considerate of Michael to inform us his delay in case we got worried.
3．Much to her (embarrass), she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.
in
of
embarrassment
4．Show gratitude for small acts of kindness and be___________ (appreciate) of those around you.
5．People should want to treat a cute thing with (gentle) and care.
6．The response of the audience varied from outright (reject) to warm hospitality.
appreciative
gentleness
rejection
7．I was (delight) that my teacher expressed his satisfaction with my performance after hearing what I had done.
8．It is indeed a blessing (be) able to help others by giving things to them.
delighted
to be
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Please don't the stamp ;I like to collect them.
2．Before the boys could flee, the police started to them.
3．Being with friends and family big in experiencing happiness.
close in on， turn ... down， stick ... on， a total of， descend upon， probe into， play a part， go about
stick
on
close in on
plays a
part
4．It's her friend Jack who her when she asked him to help carry her boxes.
5．You got 47 points on the written examination and 18 on the oral, making _________65.
6．Happiness will maybe you like fine weather if you're fortunate enough.
turned
down
a total of
descend upon
7．By getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way, people can their secret mysteries.
8．Despite the threat of war, people their business as usual.
probe into
went about
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)又惊又喜， 托尼站起来领奖。(形容词短语作状语)
,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
2．(完成句子)正因为如此，西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。(强调句型)
Spanish is the main official language of Peru.
Surprised and happy
It is for this reason that
3．(一句多译)随着我们生活的改善，我们可以找到越来越多的时间来娱乐。
① ,we can find more and more time to entertain. (with复合结构)
② ,we can find more and more time to entertain.(as引导时间状语从句)
With our life improving
As our life improves
4．(一句多译)这本参考书值得买，因为它对你的学习很有帮助。
①The reference book ,because it is a great help for your study.(worth)
②The reference book ,because it is a great help for your study.(worthy)
③ the reference book, because it is a great help for your study.(worthwhile)
is worth buying
is worthy to be/of being bought
It is worthwhile buying/to buy
5．If you work hard, you will make progress every day.
→ make progress every day. (祈使句＋and)
→ ,you will make progress every day. (分词短语作状语)
6．When a person is healthy enough, he can afford to overcome all hardships.
→ overcome all hardships. (倒装句)
Work hard and you will
Working hard
Only when a person is healthy enough can he afford to
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．debt n. 债务，欠款
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial independence. On the other hand, it could just put you debt.
in
②I would be if you could take my application into consideration.
如果你能考虑我的申请，我会感激不尽的。
③He guarantees to on time, no matter what happens.
不管发生什么事，他保证按时还清债务。
④We for your help.
对于你的帮助，我们感激不尽。
in your debt
pay off his debts
owe you a debt of gratitude/owe a debt of gratitude to you
系统归纳 in debt 欠债
be in sb.'s debt 受某人的恩惠；感激某人
out of debt 不欠债
pay off one's debts 还清债务
fall/get/run into debt 负债；借债
owe a debt of gratitude to sb.＝owe sb. a debt of gratitude
欠某人的情
2.guarantee v．保证；确保n.保证；担保；保修单
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Mr Black guarantees (attend) the meeting on time, no matter what happens.
②The digital camera in our shop is of high quality. If there should be something wrong with it while it is still guarantee, we would repair it at our expense.
to attend
under
③Can you the work will be finished on time
你能向我保证这项工作会按时完成吗？
系统归纳 (1)guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事
guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事
(2)under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人保证 ……
give me a guarantee that
3.enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①When you are enthusiastic what you do, you feel this positive energy.
②These activities fulfill the students' desire to learn English well and to arouse their enthusiasm (learn).
③His friends ,but he refused.
他的朋友们热心地想帮助他，但他拒绝了。
about
to learn
were enthusiastic to help him out
系统归纳 (1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.
热衷于(做)某事；对(做)某事热心
be enthusiastic to do sth. 热衷于做某事
(2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热心
have an/the enthusiasm to do sth. 有做某事的热情
4.embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He was very embarrassed (hear) people speak so highly of him.
②(2022·全国甲卷)Don't get caught making an (embarrass) mistake at a restaurant.
③She put her hands to her cheeks .
窘迫之中她用双手捂住了脸。
to hear
embarrassing
in embarrassment
系统归纳 (1)be/feel embarrassed about/at ... 对……感到难为情/不知所措
be/feel embarrassed to do sth. 对做某事感到尴尬
(2)embarrass v． 使窘迫，使尴尬
embarrass sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人尴尬
(3)embarrassment n. 尴尬；窘迫；难堪
in embarrassment 窘迫地，尴尬地
to one's embarrassment ... 使某人尴尬的是……
(4)embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
5.play a part 扮演一个角色；参与
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①These ratings are playing increasingly important role/part in customers' purchase decision.
② my own part, success comes from the feeling of satisfaction and joy.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)To make our life colorful, we .
为了使我们的生活丰富多彩，我们参加了一个课外活动。
an
For
took part in an after-class activity
系统归纳 play a role in ... 在……中起作用/扮演角色
take part in 参加；参与
for my part 至于我，对我来说
6.turn sb. down拒绝某人
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He promised to come but hasn't turned yet.
②Some impractical suggestions were turned by the committee.
③The competition turned to be a great success.
up
down
out
④With in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
在这种可怕的情况下，没有人可以求助，她感到非常无助。
⑤(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)This time, she so it cooked nicely.
这次，她把火关小，好让它烧得更香。
no one to turn to
turned down the fire
系统 归纳 turn sth. down 把……调低；关小
turn out 结果是；证明是；生产；制造
turn over 翻身；移交；转变
turn to 求助于；致力于；转向
turn up 出现； 到场； 开大； 调高
微点 提醒 短语turn down除了表示“拒绝”，也表示“把……调低”。
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．动名词作宾语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He regretted (give) his child so much criticism.
②He persevered in (learn) English in the face of difficulties.
③I first considered (phone) him, but then decided to see him.
giving
learning
phoning
④Roger .
罗杰建议开一个讨论会。
⑤My parents .
我父母反对我与他结婚。
suggests having a discussion
objected to my marrying him
2．动词不定式作宾语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I regret (inform) you that you are in deep debt to the bank.
②I am delighted (inform) you that you can come and work for our company now.
to inform
to inform
③He the manuscript no matter what happened.
不管发生什么，他决定出版手稿。
④These courses will teach you your mental endurance.
这些课程将教你如何提高你的心理承受能力。
decided to publish
how to improve
[谨记规则]
(1)动词decide, learn, want, expect, hope, manage, offer, pretend, plan, choose, promise, refuse, afford, agree后一般用不定式作宾语。
(2)动词consider, suggest, admit, avoid, delay, miss, practise, enjoy, mind, finish, imagine, risk, fancy, appreciate后一般用动名词作宾语。
(3)动词begin, start, continue, learn接动名词和不定式皆可。
(4)部分动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时意思有差别，如：forget, stop, remember, regret, try, mean, go on, can't help等。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．inform v．通知，告知
常见考法 (1)inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事
inform sb. that/wh-... 通知某人……
(2)keep sb. informed (of ...) 使某人随时了解(……)
(3)information n．[U] 通知；消息；情报；信息
升维考法 短语inform sb. of sth.中，of不可省略。有类似用法的短语还有：remind sb. of sth.；warn sb. of sth.；convince sb. of sth.；suspect sb. of sth.；persuade sb. of sth.等。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①Any notice for a training partner should include such____________ (inform)．
②They would inform him any progress they had made.
③The news column of Youth can keep me (inform)of what is happening around the world.
information
of
informed
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
④He they are to discuss my proposal.
他已经通知我他们将在什么时候讨论我的建议。
⑤I am writing the email, hoping to .
我正在写这封邮件，希望能告知你一些相关的细节。
has informed me when
inform you of some relevant details
2．delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的
常见考法 (1)be delighted at/with/by ... 对……感到高兴
be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事
be delighted ＋ that从句 很高兴……
(2)delight n．[U] 高兴；快乐
[C] 使人高兴的事；乐事
vt.& vi. (使)高兴
delight sb. with ... 用……让某人高兴
常见考法 have/find/take delight in (doing) sth.
高兴(做)某事；以(做)某事为乐
to one‘s delight/to the delight of sb. 令某人高兴的是
with/in delight 高兴地；乐意地
(3)delightful adj. 令人愉快的；宜人的
升维考法 delight表示“快乐，高兴”时，是不可数名词；表示“令人高兴的事；乐事；乐趣”时，是可数名词。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空/一句多译)
①She was very much (delight) that he returned, safe and sound.
②The boy takes great delight pulling the cat's tail.
③Much her delight, he could read and understand everything.
④(2022·浙江1月高考) heartfelt delight, I'm writing to share my sincere feeling about the China-Ireland Cultural Festival with you.
delighted
in
to
With
⑤让我高兴的是，你被邀请到一位中国朋友家做客。
→ ,you are invited to a Chinese friend's house.(介词短语)
→ is that you are invited to a Chinese friend's house.(what引导的主语从句)
→ you are invited to a Chinese friend's house.(it作形式主语)
To the delight of me/To my delight
What delights me/makes me delighted
It delights me that
?细练升维考法(完成句子)
⑥It is always I have never seen before.
得到一张我从未见过的邮票总是一件很高兴的事。
a delight to get a stamp
3．worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的
升维考法 (1)be worth doing ...主动形式表示被动意义。
(2)worth一般只作表语，可用程度副词well修饰；
而worthy和worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①It's worth (visit) because it's the longest river in China.
②No composer was considered worthy the name until he had written an opera.
③(2021·浙江1月高考写作)Furthermore, our classes are worthy of _______________(attend), because you can appreciate the differences between Chinese and Western teaching methods.
visiting
of
being attended
?细练升维考法
[选词填空(worthy/worth/worthwhile)/一句多译]
④This article is well reading, but it is not of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isn't .
worth
worthy
worthwhile
⑤既然你对中国传统文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日值得你体验。
→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival .(worth)
→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival . (worthy)
→Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think it is ___________________________________this festival.(worthwhile)
is worth experiencing
is worthy to be experienced/of being experienced
worthwhile experiencing/to experience
4．upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的vt.使不安，使心烦；打乱；打翻；使倾覆
常见考法 (1)be/feel upset over/about/at ... 对……感到不安/难过/心烦
be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过
be upset that ... 对……感到不安
(2)It upsets sb. that ... 让某人心烦的是……
What upsets sb. is ... 让某人心烦的是……
升维考法 (1)upset充当形容词时常用作表语，不能作定语。
(2)upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词形式都是upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①The wind (upset) the bird's nest since you left.
②Knowing that you are not accustomed to the life here and are considering returning to your hometown, I feel very upset it.
③She was upset (know) that her application for the position was turned down.
has upset
over/about/at
to know
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/句式升级)
④The other day, all my plans (upset) by the sudden change of the weather.
⑤ (upset) people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting.
were upset
Upsetting
⑥I didn't know how to get along with my roommates and that upset me.
→ (用定语从句升级)
→ (用it作形式主语升级)
→________________________________________________________________
(用主语从句升级)
I didn't know how to get along with my roommates, which upset me.
It upset me that I didn't know how to get along with my roommates.
What upset me was that I didn't know how to get along with my roommates.
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。该句型中的祈使句有时可用if引导的条件状语从句或非谓语动词改写。
(2)“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋否定条件状语从句＋主句”。
(3)“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more, another等词。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①If you lend her a hand, she will be grateful to you.
→
②Working hard, you will succeed.
→
Lend her a hand, and she will be grateful to you.
Work hard, and you will succeed.
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③(如果给我)更多的时间，我会按时完成任务。
④听从老师的建议，否则你会考试不及格。
More time, and I will finish the task on time.
Follow your teacher's advice, or/otherwise you will fail in the exam.
2020·江苏高考·阅读理解C篇
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health.
To find out, British scientists conducted a study. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory, should allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食). On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences. Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand, they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average, during the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found. Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health. These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了早餐前锻炼比早餐后锻炼给身体带来的好处更多。
1．The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”．
A．digest the meal easily
B．manage without breakfast
C．decide wisely what to eat
D．eat whatever is offered
答案：B
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段画线部分后面的内容可知，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃饭再锻炼对健康更有益；另外，结合常识可以判断，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，因此推断该词在本句中意为“忍受”；所以画线词与B项“不吃早餐能应付”意思相近。
2．Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment
A．Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people.
B．Their lack of exercise led to overweight.
C．They could walk at an average speed.
D．They had slow metabolic rates.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“10 overweight and inactive but ... of those of most of us”可知，实验时选择的这十个人的生活方式代表了普通人生活方式的典型特征。
3．What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise
A．They successfully lost weight.
B．They consumed a bit more calories.
C．They burned more fat on average.
D．They displayed higher insulin levels.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句可知，锻炼前吃早餐的人相对而言在锻炼时燃烧的卡路里稍多一些。
4．What could be learned from the research
A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances.
B．Too much workout often slows metabolic rates.
C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise.
D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“to gain the greatest health ... eating first”可知，早饭前的体育锻炼对健康更有益。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
词义猜测题的思维建模(第1题)
B
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. _____________________
②(一词多义)Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast. ________________
除此以外，在其他方面
不做(应做的事等)
③(熟词生义)On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking. _______
油腻的
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①work out _____
②be beneficial for ______
③to find out _____________
④for better and worse ___________________
锻炼
有利于
为了找到答案
不论好坏；不管怎样
⑤in theory ________________
⑥on average ___________________
⑦depend on ______
⑧be associated with _____________
理论上；按理说
平均看来，一般来说
取决于
与……有关系
三、寻结构破长句
1．Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten.
抓标志：从属连词___________
判类型：主句＋时间状语从句＋比较状语从句
试翻译：最明显的是，不吃早餐的人在锻炼开始时血糖水平_________
_________。
when; than
比吃过早
餐的要低
2．Many of these genes produce proteins that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health.
抓标志：并列连词(第二个) ；关系代词_____
判类型：复合句(含有一个定语从句)＋并列连词＋简单句(so放句首的倒装句)
试翻译：这些基因中的多数产生 的血糖调节和胰岛素水平的蛋白质，因此与得到改善的代谢健康有关系。
and
that
可以改善整个身体
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏结构之美)The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
赏析：句子用that引导的表语从句，直接、明确地说明了研究的结果，突出了表达的重点。在从句中，动词不定式短语“to gain ... from exercise”作目的状语。
[对点练——完成句子]
①The worrying thing is .
令人担心的事情是，她如此忙，以至于经常忘记吃饭。
②And nowadays, I'm working hard .
并且现在我正努力提高我的英语口语。
that she is so busy that she often forgets to eat
to improve my spoken English
2．(赏用词之美)Before one of these workouts, the men skipped breakfast, meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast.
赏析：作者不但用workout(锻炼)，skip breakfast等高级表达，而且还运用了completely(完全地)，long(漫长的)等副词和形容词恰当地描述了相关情景，同时借助分词短语meaning ...作状语具体描述了“在其中一项锻炼前，这些人不吃早餐”的情形。用词恰当，表意丰富清晰。
3．(赏意境之美)They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us.
赏析：作者用超重、不爱运动(overweight and inactive)、身体健康(healthy)的十个人作代表，形象描述了我们大多数人无论好坏的生活状态。
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（二）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看(共96张PPT)
选择性必修
UNIT 1 Laugh out loud!
开始
01
02
03
课前——语基自主落实
课堂——能力融会发展
课下——主题素养训练
一、背单词—多多益善
(一)易记词汇“一遍过”
1．mood n． 心情
2．circus n. 马戏团
3．curly adj. 卷曲的
4．wig n. 假发
5．badge n. 徽章
6．ankle n. 脚踝
7．clown n. 小丑
8．grin v. 露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑
9．fame n. 名声，名誉
10．witty adj. 说话风趣的；妙趣横生的
11．barber n. 男理发师
12．shave n. 刮脸，刮胡子
13．fellow n. 男人；家伙
14．brand n. 品牌，牌子
15．spot n. 地点，处所
16．cruel adj. 残忍的
17．roar v. 哄笑，大笑
(二)挑战词汇“三遍熟”
1．essential adj. 极其重要的，必不可少的
2．deserve v. 应得，应受到
3．linguist n. 语言学家
4．medieval adj. 中世纪的，中古时期的
5．emotive adj. 使情绪激动的
6．mischievous adj. 调皮的，淘气的
7．concept n. 概念，观念
8．whisper v. 悄声说，低语
9．illuminate v. 照亮，照明
10．equation n. 等式，方程式
(三)变形词汇“寻规记”
1．amuse v．逗笑；(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐→ n．娱乐，消遣→ ________adj.逗人笑的；好笑的→ adj.被逗乐的，觉得好笑的
2．entertain v．使快乐→ n．娱乐；消遣；款待；娱乐活动→ adj.使人愉快的→ adj.娱乐的，感到愉快的
3．examine v．检查(身体)；审查；考察→ n. 检查；审查；
调查
amusement
amusing
amused
entertainment
entertaining
entertained
examination
4．advertise vt.& vi.做广告；登广告→ n．广告商→ _____________n．广告
5．employ vt.雇用→ n．雇用者，雇主→ n．雇员→ ____________n．雇用；就业→ n．失业
6．impress v．使钦佩，使留下深刻印象→ n．印象→ __________adj.令人敬佩的，给人印象深刻的→ adj.(对……)钦佩，敬仰，有深刻的好印象
7．remark n．言论；意见，评论v.谈论，评论→ adj.非凡的；显著的；引人注目的
advertiser
advertisement
employer
employee
employment
unemployment
impression
impressive
impressed
remarkable
8．interact v．交流，相互影响；相互作用→ n．交流
9．gentle adj.温和的；轻柔的→ adv.温和地；轻柔地→___________ n．和蔼，温和
10．complicate vt.使复杂化→ adj.难处理的；难懂的
11．conclude v．结束，终止；推断出→ n．结论
12．compose v．作(曲)→ n．作曲家→ n．作曲；
创作；作品
interaction
gently
gentleness
complicated
conclusion
composer
composition
(四)联想词汇“一线牵”
1.归纳“-ous”结尾的形容词
①mischievous 调皮的，淘气的
②humorous 有幽默感的
③generous 宽宏大量的
④continuous 连续的
⑤dangerous 危险的
⑥adventurous 冒险的
2.盘点含后缀“-er”的名词
①employer 雇用者，雇主
②swimmer 游泳者
③traveller 旅游者
④farmer 农民
⑤beginner 初学者
二、背词块—丰富表达
1． 在痛苦中；在苦恼中
2． (使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来
3． 往往；通常
4． 奏效，达到预期效果
5． 带来新的启发；使人对……有了新的认识
in pain
cheer up
more often than not
do the trick
throw new light on
6． (故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难堪
7． 思维敏捷，反应迅速
8． 匆匆离开
9． 大笑
10． 斥责，责骂
11． 不能按时完成(工作)
put sb. on the spot
think on one's feet
hurry away
roar with laughter
tell off
fall behind
[联想串记]
1.“in＋n.”短语大比拼
in pain 在痛苦中
in practice 实际上
in reality 实际上
in theory 理论上
in advance 预先，提前
in danger 在危险中
in trouble 陷入困境
in view 在视野范围内
2.“v.＋up”短语全接触
cheer up (使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来
break up 分裂；打碎
build up 逐渐增强
hang up 挂断电话
pick up 捡起
bring up 养育；抚养
三、背好句好段—增分写作
(一)背好句—有“话”好好说
1．do/does/did＋动词原形
教材 原句 And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do the trick.
而我的灵药似乎确实取得了成效。
推荐 佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)It goes without saying that oceans do play a critical role in the world.
不言而喻，海洋确实在世界上发挥着至关重要的作用。
②(新教材译林版必修2佳句)But, I do remember the first time I heard the sweetest voice in the wide world.
但是，我清楚地记得我第一次听到全世界最甜美的声音时的情景。
续表
2.not ... but ...
教材原句 Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn't just about laughter, but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate the world.
幽默不只能带来笑声，它还是一种生活方式，是一种可以用来阐明世界的工具，马克·吐温和林语堂都明白这一点。
推荐佳句 (新教材北师大版选择性必修1佳句)Success is not measured by how much money you have but by how you understand the true meaning of life.
成功不是根据你有多少金钱来衡量的，而是根据你如何理解生活的真正意义。
(二)背好段—有“情”慢慢聊
情感表达之“感激”
As soon as my father appeared, I held him tightly “Thank you, Dad！” I said. I could see a big smile on his wrinkled face. Regardless of the bad weather, my father had gone to work every day to make money. I could not imagine how much effort he had made! I tried to convey my gratitude to him but words failed me. My father kissed me on the cheek, whispering that he had at last earned enough to buy the piano. It was an unbelievable surprise. Only then did I realize that no gift could measure up to a father's love.
我父亲一出现，我就紧紧地抱着他。“谢谢你，爸爸！”我说。我能看到他满是皱纹的脸上挂着灿烂的笑容。不顾恶劣天气，我父亲每天都去上班赚钱。我无法想象他做了多少努力！我试图向他表达我的感激之情，但我却说不出话来。我父亲吻了我的脸颊，低声说他终于挣到了足够买钢琴的钱。这是一个令人难以置信的惊喜。直到那时，我才意识到没有什么礼物能比得上父亲的爱。
[点评] 本段中使用了“held him tight，Regardless of the bad weather，how much effort he had made, tried to convey my gratitude, words failed me, measure up to”等动作或心理描写，充分表达了作者对父亲的感激之情。
四、语基课前自查——摸底训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Sarah is a beautiful girl and she has long (卷曲的) black hair.
2．It reminded everyone of what was (必不可少的) in life: love and company.
3．At the (马戏团), the audience always bursts out laughing when the clowns appear.
curly
essential
circus
4．I was moving some furniture and I twisted my (脚踝) in the process.
5．The doctor (检查) her from head to foot but could find nothing wrong.
6． (名声) is often simply a matter of being in the right place at the right time.
7．In addition to English, the (语言学家) knows other seven languages.
ankle
examined
Fame
linguist
8．It is now firmly established as one of the leading (品牌) in the country.
9．This (概念) has been applied successively to painting, architecture and sculpture.
10．The two boys were (低语) when the head teacher came in from the back door.
brands
concept
whispering
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The scientist made great contributions, so he deserves (give) so many awards.
2．After working all day, he was so tired that he was no mood to go to the party with us.
3．These little bees dance (gentle) around his shoulders and head.
4．Nie Er was a Chinese (compose) best known for The March of the Volunteers.
giving
in
gently
composer
5．If I am accepted, I will cherish the opportunity and work hard to be a good (employ)．
6．Our teacher is good at making (complicate) problems simple to grasp.
7．According to some researchers, a real smile reflects the inner state of cheerfulness or (amuse)．
employee
complicated
amusement
8．While I was looking through the news online, up came an_____________ (advertise) for cars.
9．Maria impressed the interviewers her knowledge and experience, and as a result, she was offered the job.
10．It's bad manners to remark their shortcomings in the absence of other people.
advertisement
with
on/upon
11．We do still need the human touch or the human (interact), particularly when people are depressed.
12．On the way, we spotted a man (hold) a piece of paper that said, “Lost my job. Family to Feed.”
interaction
holding
Ⅲ.选词填空
1．Everyone and I was the joke of the evening.
2．I need to study hard, or I will in next examination.
3．Behind many successful men there is, ,a woman who makes this success possible.
more often than not， cheer up， throw new light on， put sb. on the spot， think on one's feet， roar with laughter， tell off， fall behind，in pain，do the trick
roared with laughter
fall behind
more often than not
4．You've here — I can't answer your question.
5．Don't your boss and co-workers, even if you think they deserve it.
6． !You must believe in yourself and you will get success.
7．He's always a great speaker because he's skilled at .
8．Recent research has the causes of the disease.
9．These pills should . You'll feel much better in no time.
10．A fish bone was stuck in her throat, which made her .
put me on the spot
tell off
Cheer up
thinking on his feet
thrown new light on
do the trick
in pain
Ⅳ.多维表达
1．(完成句子)说实话，你在英语晚会上优雅的举止给我留下了深刻的印象。(强调谓语动词)
To be frank, your graceful manner at the English evening party .
2．(完成句子)现在年轻人所缺乏的不是书本知识，而是实践经验。(not ...but ...)
What the young lack now is .
did impress me deeply
not book knowledge but practical experience
3．(完成句子)与朋友发生冲突时，重要的是要保持冷静，设身处地为他着想。(while＋分词)
,it is important to keep calm and put yourself in his place.
4．(一句多译)你应该在今天下午五点前到达现场。
①You before five this afternoon. (suppose)
②You before five this afternoon.(be to do)
While conflicting with your friend
are supposed to arrive at the spot
are to arrive at the spot
5．(句型转换)The music festival starts at 8 in the morning and it lasts for three hours.
→The music festival starts at 8 in the morning, .
lasting (for) three hours
中档保分词汇—自查自纠无盲点
1．amusement n．[U]娱乐，消遣；[C]娱乐活动，游戏
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)His father frequently amused the boy a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.
with
②We were greatly amused (hear) about him sitting on the wet paint.
③ ,the teacher sang a funny song during class.
老师在课堂上唱了一首有趣的歌，令我们非常开心。
④Taking exercise not only ,but also builds up their strength.
做锻炼不仅能娱乐学生，而且能增强他们的体力。
to hear
To our great amusement
keeps the students amused
系统归纳 (1)to one's amusement 令某人愉快的是
in/with amusement 愉快地
(2)amuse v． 逗笑；(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐
amuse ... with ... 以……逗乐……
(3)be amused at/by/with ... 以……为乐
be amused to do sth. 做某事取乐
微点提醒 amusement表示“娱乐，消遣”时，为抽象名词，是不可数名词；表示“提供娱乐和乐趣的游戏、活动等”时，为抽象名词具体化，是可数名词。
2．entertain v．使快乐；款待
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2022·全国甲卷)It presents live (entertain), including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
②This is actually a very (entertain) book putting over serious health messages.
③He entertained us for hours his stories and jokes last night.
④ ,he promised to entertain us to ice cream.
令我非常高兴的是，他许诺请我们吃冰淇淋。
entertainment
entertaining
with
To my great entertainment
微点提醒 entertainment表示“娱乐”时，为抽象名词，不可数；表示“娱乐人们的活动”时，为抽象名词具体化，可数。
续表
3.deserve v．应得，应受到
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve ________________________(respect)．
②No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore .
无论一件工作有多么平凡，它都在社会中起着作用，因此它应该得到我们的尊重。
respecting/to be respected
deserves our respect
③Peking Opera is a symbol of traditional Chinese culture which .
京剧是中国传统文化的象征，值得一代一代地传承下去。
系统归纳 deserve our respect 值得我们尊敬
deserve to do sth. 值得做；应该做
deserve doing/to be done ……值得(被)做
One good turn deserves another. 善有善报。
微点提醒 deserve后跟动名词作宾语，主动形式表示被动含义。
deserves to be passed down from generation to generation
4．remark n．言论；意见，评论v. 谈论；评论；说起
(单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译)
①(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)After two years, the second group saw___________ (remark) improvements in heart health.
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Mother bit into a sandwich and it was the best she had ever tasted.
母亲咬了一口三明治，说这是她吃过的最好吃的三明治。
remarkable
remarked that
③对别人的外表发表评论是不礼貌的。
→It's bad manners to the appearance of others.(remark v．)
→It's bad manners to the appearance of others.(remark n．)
remark on/upon
make a remark/remarks on/upon
系统归纳 (1)remark that ... 评论……
remark on/upon/about ... 对……发表评论/看法
(2)make a remark/remarks on/upon ...
对……发表评论/看法
(3)remarkable adj. 显著的，非凡的，值得注意的
be remarkable for 以……著称/引人瞩目
5．whisper v．悄声说，低语n.耳语，低语
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Shocked and proud, their mother said a sweet whisper, “Thanks, my kids.”
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)He whispered them with a smile，“Wow, you two really surprised me. Can I join in you？”
in
to
③He leaned across the table and ,“I'm really onto something.”
他从桌上俯过身来在我耳旁小声说道：“我真的就快有重大发现了。”
系统归纳 (1)whisper sth. to sb. 小声告诉某人某事
whisper sth. in one's ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事
(2) in a whisper 耳语地；低声地
whispered to me in my ear
6．in pain 在痛苦中；在苦恼中
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He had no food or water and he was terrible pain.
②I have a pain my throat today, so I have to go to the hospital.
③We should improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.
我们应该通过学习努力改善自己，并为将来做好准备。
in
take pains/spare no pains to
in
系统归纳 No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。
have pains/a pain in ... ……部位疼
spare no pains to do sth. 不遗余力/全力以赴做某事
take pains to do sth. 尽力/费苦心/下苦功做某事
微点提醒 pain指精神上的痛苦时为不可数名词； 指肉体上的疼痛时， 可数、不可数均可； 指“辛苦、刻苦、努力”时， 要用复数形式。
7．think on one's feet思维敏捷，反应迅速
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Professor Wang can think his feet; he always has an answer ready when we ask him questions.
②Every time I watched these photographs, they made me think back my schooldays.
on
to
③(2021·浙江6月高考写作)Most of the students ，which provides a platform for them to explore the beauty of Chinese paintings.
大多数学生对这个展览评价很高，这为他们提供了一个探索国画之美的平台。
think highly of this exhibition
系统归纳 think back to 回想
think about 考虑
think over 仔细考虑
think of 想起；考虑
think twice 再三考虑
think highly of 对……评价高
教材基础语法—再认再现基础牢
1．非限制性定语从句的引导词
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Mr Li is the manager of our company, you saw at the meeting yesterday.
②The house, we bought last month, is very nice.
③Charles Smith, was my former teacher, retired last year.
whom
which
who
④I walk into the waiting area, .
我走进候车区，许多人安静地坐在那里。
⑤The dress on the wall, ,is a gift for me.
墙上那件颜色鲜艳的衣服是给我的礼物。
⑥ ,he is from England.
众所周知，他来自英国。
where many people are sitting quietly
whose color is bright
As is known by everyone here/As is known to all/As everyone knows
2．“介词＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①There are some details in the project, which the manager cares much.
②I introduced some subjects to her, which she may be interested.
about
in
③Last night I took part in a party and lost my key, which I can't open the door of my dormitory.
④There stands a building over there, often go out of order.
那里矗立着一座楼，这座楼的电梯经常出故障。
without
the elevators of which
3．as和 which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(单句语法填空)
①Einstein, we all know, is a famous scientist.
②It rained hard yesterday, prevented me from going to the park.
as
which
[谨记规则]
(1)关系词：①关系代词：who, whom, which, whose(＝of whom/which), as；②关系副词：when, where。
(2)非限制性定语从句由“介词＋关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词只能用 which或whom。常根据介词与动词的搭配关系、介词与形容词的搭配关系、根据介词与先行词的关系以及属于与被属于(或部分与整体)的关系来确定介词。
(3)as引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后，意为“正如”；which引导的从句不能位于主句之前，意为“这，那”。
复杂多变词汇—条分缕析逐点清
1．impress vt.使钦佩，使留下深刻印象
常见考法 (1)impress sb. 给某人留下深刻印象；打动某人
impress sb. with sth. 某事给某人留下印象
impress sth. on/upon sb./one's memory/mind 使某人铭记某事
be impressed with/by ... 对……印象深刻
(2)impression n. 印象；感想
leave/have/make a(n) ... impression on sb. 给某人留下……的印象
(3)impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的；感人的
升维考法 (1)impress sb. with sth.和impress sth. on sth.介词不同，词义亦不同。
(2)形容词impressed意为“对……钦佩的；对……有好印象的”，而形容词impressive意为“给人印象深刻的；令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的”。
续表
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①(2022·全国甲卷)With an (impress) 2,000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff.
②He looked around the room as if he was going to impress everything in the room his mind.
③It is especially important to make a good first (impress) at a job interview.
impressive
on
impression
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空/句式升级)
④I just came back from a trip to China and I was very impressed_________ the long history of that country.
⑤The coming-of-age ceremony will leave a lasting impression on me.
→ is the coming-of-age ceremony. (用主语从句升级)
with/by
What will impress me
⑥I was deeply impressed by the beauty of the Summer Palace and I determined to stay in Beijing for another day.
→ ,I determined to stay in Beijing for another day. (用分词作状语升级)
Deeply impressed by the beauty of the Summer Palace
2．spot n．地点，处所，斑点vt.发现；认出
常见考法 (1)on the spot＝on the scene 当场，到/在现场
in a spot 处于困境
(2)spot that ... 发现……
spot sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
(3)be spotted with 满是……斑点；点缀着
升维考法 spot用作先行词且在从句中作状语时，其后的定语从句通常用where来引导。
?精练常见考法(单句语法填空)
①I was a spot when my car ran out of gas on that lonely road.
②When the man was trying to break into the bank, he was caught by the police the spot.
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Then Jeff spotted steam (shoot) out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.
in
on
shooting
?细练升维考法(单句语法填空)
④A black hole is a spot in space has powerful gravity.
⑤The spot the accident happened is the turning point of the road.
that/which
where
经典增分句式—学通用活表达美
1．“do/does/did＋动词原形”强调谓语动词
“do/does/did＋动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实；的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下两个条件：
(1)句子是肯定句；
(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。
?通过句式变换明晰句式结构
①I really appreciate your help and hope to have a chance to give it in return.
→I really appreciate your help and___________________________________
.
②She told me about the meeting, but I totally forgot about it.
→ ,but I totally forgot about it.
do hope to have a chance to give it in
She did tell me about the meeting
return
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③得知你对中国文化感兴趣，我真的相信你能帮我解决这些困惑。
Knowing you are interested in Chinese culture, ___________________
.
④为了实现他的梦想，他确实在努力工作。
I do believe you can
In order to achieve his dream, he does work hard.
help me solve these puzzles.
2．not ... but ... “不是……而是……”
(1)not ... but ... 中，not后接被否定的内容，but表示转折，后面接被认可的事实。
(2)not ... but ... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词应遵循就近一致原则。类似表达not only ... but also ... 意为“不但……而且……”，表示递进。
?通过题点训练明确规则用法(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do________ (benefit) our work most.
②It is not what you say now that makes a great difference to your life tomorrow.
是你现在做的事情而不是你说的话对你今后的生活有重大影响。
benefits
but what you do
?通过句子仿写做到学通写美
③不是做我们喜欢做的事，而是喜欢我们必须做的事，这才能让生活快乐。
④我们之所以成功不是因为我们机智聪明，而是因为我们坚韧不拔。
It's not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.
We were successful not because we were quick-witted but because we persevered.
2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I？
[真题再做]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，与你一同进食的同伴会影响你的饮食习惯，想要减肥的人应当避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。
1．What is the recent study mainly about
A．Food safety.
B．Movie viewership.
C．Consumer demand.
D．Eating behavior.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究表明，我们的饮食同伴的体型和饮食习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量，而且要避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食，这表明这项最新研究主要是关于饮食行为的。
2．What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Big eaters.
B．Overweight persons.
C．Picky eaters.
D．Tall thin persons.
答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的画线词所在句可知，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people 含义相反。
3．Why did the researchers hire the actor
A．To see how she would affect the participants.
B．To test if the participants could recognize her.
C．To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D．To study why she could keep her weight down.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验；再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知，聘用演员参加实验旨在查看演员对参加实验的人的饮食习惯的影响。
4．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph
A．How hungry we are.
B．How slim we want to be.
C．How we perceive others.
D．How we feel about the food.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If this fellow participant ...his eating habits.”可知，我们对自己饮食的调整是以分析他人的饮食习惯和结果(即如何看待他人)为基础的。
[素养发掘]
一、由典题悟通法
细节理解题的思维建模(第1题)
二、由语篇积词汇
1．因境辨义(写出下列蓝体词在文中的意思)
①(一词多义)To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. ______
②(一词多义)Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.______
③(熟词生义)The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have.__________________________
实施
要求
(扑克牌中)所有同花色的牌
2．词块积累(写出下列词块的汉语意思)
①contrary to ___________
②participate in _____
③help oneself to _____________
④in her natural state ________________
⑤a large amount of _______
与……相反
参加
自便；随便吃
在她的自然状态下
大量的
⑥follow suit _______
⑦be similar to ___________
⑧make decisions _________
⑨hold back a bit _________
⑩keep slim _________
跟着做
与……相似
做出决定
稍作保留
保持苗条
三、寻结构破长句
1．The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.
抓标志：连接词 从属连词_____
判类型：主句＋宾语从句(含有一个时间状语从句)
试翻译：测试表明， 。
that
when
社会环境在我们做决定时具有极大的影响
2．If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.
抓标志：从属连词__________
判类型：条件状语从句＋主句＋原因状语从句
试翻译： ，我会克制一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。
if; because
如果一个超重的人吃了很多
四、赏佳句助写作
1．(赏用词之美)The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have.
赏析：作者使用了followed suit和normally准确描述了实验中共同进餐的人对对方的影响——参与者也照做了，吃了比正常情况下更多的食物。
[对点练——单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Sundays are simple for me. I (normal)go to my grandparents' farm and feed chickens, cows and pigs.
②He has an excellent ability to convince others to .
他有很强的能力说服别人效仿。
normally
follow suit
2.(赏意境之美)If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.
赏析：一位超重的人(an overweight person)，吃着大份的食物，共同进餐的人看到后会考虑自己这样做的后果。这样的画面感、代入感，使读者自然产生联想：如果一起进餐的人是自己，会不会因此而稍加控制(hold back a bit)呢？
3．(赏修辞之美)If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
赏析：作者用反问的修辞手法结束整篇文章，用否定形式反问表示肯定，只问不答，答案暗含在反问句中——想要减肥的人应当避免同食量大的瘦人一起进食。态度鲜明，发人深思，增强了文章的气势和说服力。
反问句是修饰手法中的一种。反问句就是用疑问的句式表达肯定的观点。反问句的作用是加强语气，把本来已确定的思想表达得更加鲜明、强烈。反问句不但比陈述句语气更为有力，而且感彩更为鲜明，更能引起人们的深思与反思。
[对点练——翻译句子]
站在树下的那个人是位优秀的老师，对吗？
The person standing under the tree is an excellent teacher, right
“课时跟踪检测”见“课时跟踪检测（一）”
(单击进入电子文档)
谢
谢
观
看
