福州八中2022—2023学年第二学期期末考试
高一英语
第Ⅰ卷(满分100分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. On a train. B. At a zoo. C. At a bus stop.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Repairman and customer. B. Colleagues. C. Brother and sister.
3. Who probably is the man
A. He is a ticket seller. B. He is a student. C. He is a tourist.
4. What does the woman have for free
A. Steak. B. Eggs. C. Cake.
5. In which place does the woman learn English
A. America. B. Indonesia. C. Romania.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man plan to do this summer vacation
A. Decorate the house. B. Go to the beach. C. Clean the balcony.
7. Why doesn’t the woman agree to build a garden on the balcony
A. It’s too expensive. B. The balcony isn’t big enough. C. The balcony belongs to Mrs. Brown.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is the woman trying to send to the U.S.
A. Chocolate. B. Flowers. C. Books.
9. Who will check the package next
A. Policemen. B. The Customs. C. The man.
10. How much will the woman pay
A. 160 yuan. B. 320 yuan. C. 480 yuan.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. How did the girl get the watch
A. From Mr. Samson. B From her classmate. C. From her grandfather.
12. What can we say about the girl
A. She is warm-hearted. B. She is careless. C. She is hard-working.
13. What will the man do next
A. Go to the dressing room. B. Tidy the shower room. C. Close the door.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14 What do we know about Reginald
A. He is a lawyer. B. He didn’t show up. C. He runs a trucking business.
15. What can Mr. Russell benefit from the partnership deal
A. Reducing transportation costs.
B. Gaining different kinds of vehicles.
C Improving the speed of transportation.
16. What does Mr. Russell want the woman to do
A. Visit his company. B. Write a contract. C. Be his partner.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is Stephanie doing
A. Giving a class. B. Fighting an election. C. Chairing a meeting.
18. What time is it now
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.
19. What is Stephanie’s promise
A. She’ll follow the previous routine.
B. She’ll listen to everyone’s thoughts.
C. She’ll organize many school activities.
20. What is important to a president of the student union according to Stephanie
A. New thoughts. B. Rich experience. C. Good grades.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
New Year’s Day is meant for food. As the new year arrives around the world, there could be special cakes and breads, for example, long noodles representing long life, field peas representing coins, and pigs representing good luck. The particulars vary, but the general theme is the same: Enjoy food and drink to bring in a year of prosperity. Here are some of the New Year’s food traditions around the world.
Hoppin’ John, American South
A major New Year’s food tradition in the American South, Hoppin’ John is a dish of pork-flavored field peas or black-eyed peas—symbolizing coins—and rice, frequently served with cooked greens—as they’re the color of money and cornbread—the color of gold. The dish is said to bring good luck in the new year.
Twelve grapes, Spain
The people of Spain traditionally watch a broadcast from Puerta del Sol in Madrid, where people gather in front of the square’s clock tower to ring in the New Year. Those out in the square and those watching at home take part in an unusual annual tradition: At the stroke of midnight, they eat one grape for every toll of the clock bell. Some even get their grapes ready—peeling and seeding the—to make sure they will be as efficient as possible when mid-night comes.
Tamales, Mexico
Tamales, corn dough filled with meat, cheese and other delicious additions and wrapped in a banana leaf or a corn husk, make appearances at pretty much every special occasion in Mexico. In many families, groups of women gather together to make hundreds of the little packets to hand out to friends, family and neighbors.
Soba noodles, Japan
In Japanese households, families eat buckwheat soba noodles, or toshikoshi soba, at mid-night on New Year’s Eve to say goodbye to the year gone by and welcome the year to come. The tradition dates back to the 17th century, and the long noodles symbolize longevity and prosperity.
1. The common theme of food for New Year’s Day is _______.
A. to show its deliciousness and sell well in market
B. to celebrate new year and wish for blessings from nature
C. to eat and drink well and hope for a fancy new year
D. to say farewell to the old year and welcome the new year
2. Which dish is believed to bring good luck in the new year
A. Twelve grapes. B. Hoppin’John. C. Tamales. D. Soba noodles.
3. Which group of people would share fond with neighbors on New Year’s Day
A. The Americans. B. The Mexicans. C. The Spanish. D. The Japanese.
B
My neighbor Orlando is a paramedic(急救医士). He and his wife are some of the nicest people I have ever met. A few years back we started this sort of “favor war”, where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling (铲) their driveway or helping them build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor.
Yesterday morning there was maybe 2 or 3 feet of snow on the ground and I remembered he shoveled my driveway for me last snowfall. So I took out my shovel and took care of both our sidewalks and driveways because it was my turn to do a favor back. It took a while but I finished and got into my car for work. What I didn’t realize was that Orlando had to work that day too.
Fast forward to this morning I got a knock on my door. It was him. He immediately shook my hand and informed me that because I shoveled his driveway and sidewalk for him, he was able to get to work earlier. As soon as he started his shift, a call came through that a young boy was in a medical emergency. Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes. This kid did not have 10 minutes. He barely had 2 minutes. Because my neighbor got to work sooner, the young boy got to live his life.
This isn’t a humble brag (吹牛). This is to inform others that even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts. It wasn’t too much of trouble to shovel his driveway for him, but because I did, the young kid got to see his family again, go back to school again, talk to his friends again and live his life.
4. What can we know about the writer and Orlando
A. They once had a conflict. B. They signed a favorable agreement.
C. They are always ready to help each other. D. They favor shoveling snow together.
5. Who saved the boy before it was too late
A. Orlando and his partner. B. The boy’s parents.
C. Orlando and his wife. D. The writer.
6. What does the writer intend to tell us
A. Never ask for trouble. B. Don’t lose heart in an emergency.
C. One cannot always be lucky. D. No favor is too small.
7. What’s the best title for the passage
A. An Amazing Snowfall B. Neighborly Favor War Saves Life
C. Neighbors Competes for favors D. Driveway: Dead right for Doctors
C
The Moon is attracting much attention these days as NASA is ready for its Artemis I launch and preparing for more to follow. The mission objectives are clear: develop a sustainable presence on its surface and pave the way to go to Mars.
And then what What’s the next great leap in humans’ quest for the secrets of the universe When it comes to the near future scientific exploration, there are a few areas of the solar system that will be receiving some special attention.
First off there’s Venus, a planet which was a relative paradise (天堂), with oceans and a pleasant atmosphere. Something went terribly wrong there a few billion years ago, and NASA has scheduled a series of missions to explore what exactly is going on there.
At the other end are the gas giants. Several of the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn are covered in thick sheets of ice, and underneath that ice sit oceans of liquid water. NASA has missions planned to investigate those mysterious worlds, hunting for any signs of possible life hidden deep within.
As for us humans Mars is certainly the grand prize in the coming decades. If we have the adequate drive and funds, we can establish a semi-permanent presence on the red planet, keeping crews working and studying in person on the Martian surface. The other planets of our solar system are not so suitable for people to settle on. Mercury is too close to the Sun for comfort and too far away from the Earth.
Over the coming decades humans expect to see a rise of “space hotels”, set up for visiting tourists and scientific explorations. Naturally, turning the space rock into a habitat for humans is not very practical considering our current level of technological maturity, but in my best estimation, it’s the next easiest thing to accomplish, after the Moon and Mars, of course.
8. What does the underlined word “quest” probably mean in the second paragraph
A. Question. B. Explanation. C. Request. D. Search.
9. Which is the least likely to be explored in the next decades according to the passage
A. Mars. B. Mercury. C. Venus. D. Gas giants.
10. What’s the author’s attitude towards the “space hotels”
A. Ambiguous. B. Critical.
C. Hopeful. D. Indifferent.
11. What’s the passage mainly about
A. The launch of Artemis I.
B. The secrets of the solar system.
C. The missions of NASA.
D. The areas of the future universe exploration.
D
Drones (无人机) equipped with hyperspectral and thermal sensors will be applied in Italy to spot trees infected with Xylella fastidiosa, a deadly bacterium that has been destroying the country’s olive crops for almost a decade.
The sensors will be able to detect signs of early infection that cannot be noticed easily, such as slight changes in the color of leaves, allowing farmers to select affected trees and prevent outbreaks. More than 300,000 trees will be examined using the new drone technology in the next few months.
“This technology has the potential to give the Italian government a major advantage in the fight against Xylella,” says Manuela, a researcher of the project. “We tend to realize far too late if a plant is infected - these drone sensors will allow us to spot and prevent outbreaks rather than just react to them.”
Early detection strategies like this are key for controlling Xylella, which is spread by spittlebugs that feed on infected plants, taking in bacteria and passing them to healthy plants nearby. Once the bacteria have infected a plant, they block the xylem vessels that transport water through the plant, cutting off its ability to absorb water and, eventually, killing it.
“Xylella is particularly dangerous because it has many different natural hosts through which it can spread.” says Andrea Maiorano, a plant health expert at the European Food Safety Authority in can spread,” says Andrea Maiorano, a plant health expert at the European Food Safety Authority in Italy. “There are hundreds of different plant species that can host it.”
According to the law, as soon as a tree is found to be infected with Xylella, it must immediately be cut down - along with all species easily affected within a 50-metre radius (半径). A 2.5-kilometre zone around the infected plant is then closely monitored to prevent spread to surrounding trees. The remote-detection drones will ensure that any infected tree in these areas is diagnosed and recognized quicker than ever before.
The hope is that this containment strategy in infected regions can buy time for the rest of the country’s olive plantations until a cure can be found.
12. What is the problem with the olive crops in Italy
A. Bacteria infection. B. Lack of water.
C. Soil pollution. D. Backward technology.
13. How do drones help the farmers
A. By curing the affected trees. B. By changing the color of leaves.
C. By monitoring the quality of trees. D. By discovering the unnoticed infection.
14. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The danger of Xylella. B. The key of the strategies.
C. The cause of the bacteria. D. The feature of the drones.
15. What can we expect of the drones in the future
A. They will prevent trees from being infected.
B. They will ensure the recognition of the plants.
C. They can speed up the diagnosis of diseased trees.
D. They might help increase country’s olive plantations.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. ____16____
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. _____17_____ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. _____18_____ Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
____19____ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
____20____ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. However, I learned a lot about camping later.
E I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
第三部分 课内语言知识运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节 根课文内容及汉语提示完成句子，用适当形式填空(每空填入一个单词，每空1分;满分15分)
21. 人们举行庆祝活动，对这一年收获的食物表达感恩。
People celebrate to show that they are ________ for the year’s ________ of food.
22. 节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)。
Festivals are becoming more and more ________ , ________ business taking advantage of the celebrations.
23. 她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理的医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。
She was more interested in ________ ________, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors.
24. 虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,________ ________ over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
25. 我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
I have to ______ that it ______ feels good to be back in the city again.
26. 这是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，每年接待的游客甚至比金门大桥还多。
It is a very popular ________ ________ that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge.
27. 这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration ________ the huge risks.
28. 最近，为了做好测量和观测，中国已经发射了嫦娥四号去探测月球离我们较远的那一边的表面。
More recently, China has sent Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make ________ and observations.
29. 金钱是善仆，也是恶主。
Money is a good ________ and a bad master.
第二节(共7小题;每小题1分;满分7分)
根据语境，选择下框中单词替换句中划线部分的单词或短语，使之之意思一致。框中有为两个多余的单词。
A. definitely B. tailor C. figure D. feature E. beyond F. indicate G. flexible H. monitor I. material
30. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have changeable schedules to make it easier to care for.
31. Though born into wealth, he finally gave away all the physical, possession he had.
32. A red sky at night fray be a sign of fine weather the following day.
33. “I am without any doubt the best in the world,” she thought.
34. Many festivals present a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports as important elements.
35. NASA has been trying to keep an eye on space junk(垃圾)since 1979, but the small bits can’t be tracked with current technologies.
36. Doctors may specially adapt diets to suit each patient’s case.
第三节(共8小题;每小题1分;满分8分)
根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个为多余的单词或短语。
contain set off spot result in go off lack deliver in case carry out run out
37. Known as “the mother of ten thousand babies”, Dr. Lin Qiaozhi ______ over 50, 000 babies in her lifetime.
38. The smoke alarm ______ all of a sudden, and then a burst of water showered everyone in the room.
39. The doctor shared his phone number with the patients ______ they needed medical assistance.
40. In fact, grouse(松鸡)are hard ______, because they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.
41. Due to bad weather, the singer’s flight was cancelled, ______ the show being put off.
42. The last goal sent the Libyans into wild gaiety(欢乐), as they ______ fireworks in the stadium.
43. For ______ of strong evidence, the accused was allowed to go free.
44. No delay. I’d like to see your plan ______ right away.
第Ⅱ卷(满分50分)
第四部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Thousands of people online are involved in efforts to help an 8-year-old, cancer-stricken(患癌症) boy from the United States to realize his dream.Dorian Murray of Westerly, Rhode Island, has been receiving ____45____ from around the world in recent days.
Dorian has been ____46____ cancer since he was 4. ____47____ the disease had been brought under control after a series of ____48____ treatments, a medical checkup early this month found that cancer cells(细胞) had ____49____ to the boy’s brain. The family decided to ____50____ treatment.
Dorian then told his father that before going to heaven, he wanted to be ____51____ in China because it had the Great Wall, which he called “a bridge for people to walk on”. The ____52____ between the boy and his father was posted on Facebook, where it was ____53____ and commented upon by thousands of Internet users, including many from China.
Some responded with ____54____ taken at the Great Wall in Beijing, in which they held signs with words of ____55____ , reading “D-Strong” and “You are very famous in China.” Some left messages below the post, saying “I hope you will ____56____ soon.” Or “We are delighted to make your dream come true.”
Dorian’s mother wrote that she was ____57____ and deeply moved by the responses to Dorian’s ____58____ . “Dorian has brought so much inspiration to people around the world!I couldn’t be more ____59____ , my son.” she said.
45. A. invitations B. letters C. gifts D. responses
46. A. fighting B. attacking C. treating D. avoiding
47. A. When B. Although C. Once D. Since
48. A. painful B. disappointing C. perfect D. simple
49. A. climbed B. rose C. spread D. rushed
50. A. receive B. change C. check D. stop
51. A. excellent B. successful C. famous D. brave
52. A. conversation B. relationship C. argument D. difference
53. A. questioned B. shared C. copied D. enjoyed
54. A. books B. notes C. photos D. newspapers
55. A. principle B. pattern C. encouragement D. element
56. A. finish B. leave C. return D. recover
57. A. amazed B. upset C. confused D. speechless
58. A. performance B. disease C. imagination D. request
59. A. satisfied with B. proud of C. interested in D. confident about
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With over 1.4 billion people, China has the world’s largest population, but is one of the smallest surname pools. In contrast, the United States ____60____ (report) to have 6.3 million surnames in its 2010 census(人口普查). So what is it that leads ____61____ this vast difference
It’s ____62____ (part) because of the difference in language. You can’t just add a stroke(笔画)to a Chinese character and create a new surname. Technology is also a factor at play. We rely on technology on ____63____ daily basis. The systems that process our information rely on a ____64____ (limit) list of standardized Chinese characters,____65____ means that those with rare characters in their surnames may find using this technology difficult. It causes them ____66____ (change) their last names out of convenience. Meanwhile, the ____67____ (lose) of certain surnames over time is a naturally ____68____ (occur) phenomenon. Given China’s long history, it has lost more names over time, compared to younger countries._____69_____, this phenomenon is still one that Chinese people are struggling within the digital age.
第五部分 写作(满分25分)
70. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tim想要在暑假时到中国旅游，发邮件向你征求建议，请你回复一封邮件，内容包括：1.推荐一个城市;2.给出推荐理由。
注意：1.词数100左右;2.可增加适当细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tim,
Glad to know you’ll spend your coming summer holiday in China.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________福州八中2022—2023学年第二学期期末考试
高一英语
第Ⅰ卷(满分100分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place
A. On a train. B. At a zoo. C. At a bus stop.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Repairman and customer. B. Colleagues. C. Brother and sister.
3. Who probably is the man
A. He is a ticket seller. B. He is a student. C. He is a tourist.
4. What does the woman have for free
A. Steak. B. Eggs. C. Cake.
5. In which place does the woman learn English
A. America. B. Indonesia. C. Romania.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the man plan to do this summer vacation
A. Decorate the house. B. Go to the beach. C. Clean the balcony.
7. Why doesn’t the woman agree to build a garden on the balcony
A. It’s too expensive. B. The balcony isn’t big enough. C. The balcony belongs to Mrs. Brown.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is the woman trying to send to the U.S.
A. Chocolate. B. Flowers. C. Books.
9. Who will check the package next
A. Policemen. B. The Customs. C. The man.
10. How much will the woman pay
A. 160 yuan. B. 320 yuan. C. 480 yuan.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. How did the girl get the watch
A. From Mr. Samson. B From her classmate. C. From her grandfather.
12. What can we say about the girl
A. She is warm-hearted. B. She is careless. C. She is hard-working.
13. What will the man do next
A. Go to the dressing room. B. Tidy the shower room. C. Close the door.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What do we know about Reginald
A. He is a lawyer. B. He didn’t show up. C. He runs a trucking business.
15. What can Mr. Russell benefit from the partnership deal
A. Reducing transportation costs.
B. Gaining different kinds of vehicles.
C. Improving the speed of transportation.
16. What does Mr. Russell want the woman to do
A. Visit his company. B. Write a contract. C. Be his partner.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is Stephanie doing
A. Giving a class. B. Fighting an election. C. Chairing a meeting.
18. What time is it now
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.
19. What is Stephanie’s promise
A. She’ll follow the previous routine.
B. She’ll listen to everyone’s thoughts.
C. She’ll organize many school activities.
20. What is important to a president of the student union according to Stephanie
A. New thoughts. B. Rich experience. C. Good grades.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
New Year’s Day is meant for food. As the new year arrives around the world, there could be special cakes and breads, for example, long noodles representing long life, field peas representing coins, and pigs representing good luck. The particulars vary, but the general theme is the same: Enjoy food and drink to bring in a year of prosperity. Here are some of the New Year’s food traditions around the world.
Hoppin’ John, American South
A major New Year’s food tradition in the American South, Hoppin’ John is a dish of pork-flavored field peas or black-eyed peas—symbolizing coins—and rice, frequently served with cooked greens—as they’re the color of money and cornbread—the color of gold. The dish is said to bring good luck in the new year.
Twelve grapes, Spain
The people of Spain traditionally watch a broadcast from Puerta del Sol in Madrid, where people gather in front of the square’s clock tower to ring in the New Year. Those out in the square and those watching at home take part in an unusual annual tradition: At the stroke of midnight, they eat one grape for every toll of the clock bell. Some even get their grapes ready—peeling and seeding the—to make sure they will be as efficient as possible when mid-night comes.
Tamales, Mexico
Tamales, corn dough filled with meat, cheese and other delicious additions and wrapped in a banana leaf or a corn husk, make appearances at pretty much every special occasion in Mexico. In many families, groups of women gather together to make hundreds of the little packets to hand out to friends, family and neighbors.
Soba noodles, Japan
In Japanese households, families eat buckwheat soba noodles, or toshikoshi soba, at mid-night on New Year’s Eve to say goodbye to the year gone by and welcome the year to come. The tradition dates back to the 17th century, and the long noodles symbolize longevity and prosperity.
1. The common theme of food for New Year’s Day is _______.
A. to show its deliciousness and sell well in market
B. to celebrate new year and wish for blessings from nature
C. to eat and drink well and hope for a fancy new year
D. to say farewell to the old year and welcome the new year
2. Which dish is believed to bring good luck in the new year
A. Twelve grapes. B. Hoppin’John. C. Tamales. D. Soba noodles.
3. Which group of people would share fond with neighbors on New Year’s Day
A. The Americans. B. The Mexicans. C. The Spanish. D. The Japanese.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家过新年时的饮食习俗的不同，以及其代表的含义。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The particulars vary, but the general theme is the same: Enjoy food and drink to bring in a year of prosperity. (具体情况各不相同，但总体主题是一样的：享受美食和饮料，带来一年的繁荣。) ”可知，新年的共同主题是尽情享受美食，畅饮佳肴，期待美好的新年。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hoppin’ John, American South中的“The dish is said to bring good luck in the new year. (据说这道菜能在新的一年里带来好运。)”可知，Hoppin’ John这道菜被认为能在新年带来好运。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tamales, Mexico中的“Tamales, corn dough filled with meat, cheese and other delicious additions and wrapped in a banana leaf or a corn husk, make appearances at pretty much every special occasion in Mexico. In many families, groups of women gather together to make hundreds of the little packets to hand out to friends, family and neighbors. (墨西哥玉米粉蒸肉(Tamales)是一种玉米面团，里面夹着肉、奶酪和其他美味的配料，用香蕉叶或玉米皮包裹着，几乎在墨西哥的每一个特殊场合都会出现。在许多家庭中，成群的妇女聚在一起制作数百个小包裹，分发给朋友、家人和邻居。)”可知墨西哥人会在元旦与邻居分享美食，故选B。
B
My neighbor Orlando is a paramedic(急救医士). He and his wife are some of the nicest people I have ever met. A few years back we started this sort of “favor war”, where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling (铲) their driveway or helping them build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor.
Yesterday morning there was maybe 2 or 3 feet of snow on the ground and I remembered he shoveled my driveway for me last snowfall. So I took out my shovel and took care of both our sidewalks and driveways because it was my turn to do a favor back. It took a while but I finished and got into my car for work. What I didn’t realize was that Orlando had to work that day too.
Fast forward to this morning I got a knock on my door. It was him. He immediately shook my hand and informed me that because I shoveled his driveway and sidewalk for him, he was able to get to work earlier. As soon as he started his shift, a call came through that a young boy was in a medical emergency. Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes. This kid did not have 10 minutes. He barely had 2 minutes. Because my neighbor got to work sooner, the young boy got to live his life.
This isn’t a humble brag (吹牛). This is to inform others that even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts. It wasn’t too much of trouble to shovel his driveway for him, but because I did, the young kid got to see his family again, go back to school again, talk to his friends again and live his life.
4. What can we know about the writer and Orlando
A. They once had a conflict. B. They signed a favorable agreement.
C. They are always ready to help each other. D. They favor shoveling snow together.
5. Who saved the boy before it was too late
A. Orlando and his partner. B. The boy’s parents.
C. Orlando and his wife. D. The writer.
6. What does the writer intend to tell us
A. Never ask for trouble. B. Don’t lose heart in an emergency.
C. One cannot always be lucky. D. No favor is too small.
7. What’s the best title for the passage
A. An Amazing Snowfall B. Neighborly Favor War Saves Life
C. Neighbors Competes for favors D. Driveway: Dead right for Doctors
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者与身为急救医士的邻居奥兰多的关系非常融洽。一次下雪后，作者帮助奥兰多把车道上的雪打扫干净，这节约了奥兰多很多时间，恰巧这些节约的时间，让奥兰多有了抢救一个小男孩的时间。这个故事告诉我们，即使是最小的帮助也会产生很大的影响。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A few years back we started this sort of “favor war”, where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling (铲) their driveway or helping them build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor.(几年前，我们开始了这种“人情战争”，我们中的一个人会为另一个人做一些事情，比如铲他们的车道或帮他们盖一个棚子，下一次另一个人会试图再帮一个忙)”可知，作者和奥兰多总是乐于互相帮助。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes. This kid did not have 10 minutes. He barely had 2 minutes. Because my neighbor got to work sooner, the young boy got to live his life.(幸运的是，他和他的伴侣只有2分钟的路程，但最近的救护车在10分钟后到达。这孩子撑不了十分钟。他只有两分钟的时间。因为我的邻居上班早了，小男孩得以过自己的生活)”可知，奥兰多和他的搭档及时救了那个男孩。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This is to inform others that even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts.(这是为了告诉别人，即使是最小的帮助也能产生最大的影响)”可推知，作者想告诉我们，没有什么恩惠是微不足道的。故选D项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A few years back we started this sort of “favor war”, where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling (铲) their driveway or helping them build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor.(几年前，我们开始了这种“人情战争”，我们中的一个人会为另一个人做一些事情，比如铲他们的车道或帮他们盖一个棚子，下一次另一个人会试图再帮一个忙)”结合文章讲述了作者与身为急救医士的邻居奥兰多的关系非常融洽。一次下雪后，作者帮助奥兰多把车道上的雪打扫干净，这节约了奥兰多很多时间，恰巧这些节约的时间，让奥兰多有了抢救一个小男孩的时间。故B选项“邻里之间的人情战拯救了生命”最符合文章标题。故选B。
C
The Moon is attracting much attention these days as NASA is ready for its Artemis I launch and preparing for more to follow. The mission objectives are clear: develop a sustainable presence on its surface and pave the way to go to Mars.
And then what What’s the next great leap in humans’ quest for the secrets of the universe When it comes to the near future scientific exploration, there are a few areas of the solar system that will be receiving some special attention.
First off there’s Venus, a planet which was a relative paradise (天堂), with oceans and a pleasant atmosphere. Something went terribly wrong there a few billion years ago, and NASA has scheduled a series of missions to explore what exactly is going on there.
At the other end are the gas giants. Several of the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn are covered in thick sheets of ice, and underneath that ice sit oceans of liquid water. NASA has missions planned to investigate those mysterious worlds, hunting for any signs of possible life hidden deep within.
As for us humans, Mars is certainly the grand prize in the coming decades. If we have the adequate drive and funds, we can establish a semi-permanent presence on the red planet, keeping crews working and studying in person on the Martian surface. The other planets of our solar system are not so suitable for people to settle on. Mercury is too close to the Sun for comfort and too far away from the Earth.
Over the coming decades humans expect to see a rise of “space hotels”, set up for visiting tourists and scientific explorations. Naturally, turning the space rock into a habitat for humans is not very practical considering our current level of technological maturity, but in my best estimation, it’s the next easiest thing to accomplish, after the Moon and Mars, of course.
8. What does the underlined word “quest” probably mean in the second paragraph
A. Question. B. Explanation. C. Request. D. Search.
9. Which is the least likely to be explored in the next decades according to the passage
A. Mars. B. Mercury. C. Venus. D. Gas giants.
10. What’s the author’s attitude towards the “space hotels”
A. Ambiguous. B. Critical.
C. Hopeful. D. Indifferent.
11. What’s the passage mainly about
A. The launch of Artemis I.
B. The secrets of the solar system.
C. The missions of NASA.
D. The areas of the future universe exploration.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着美国宇航局准备发射阿尔忒弥斯一号，并为接下来的发射做准备，月球备受关注，任务目标是在月球表面建立可持续的存在，并为前往火星铺平道路。对于不久的将来的科学探索领域时，文章进行了详细介绍。
【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“When it comes to the near future scientific exploration, there are a few areas of the solar system that will be receiving some special attention.(说到不久的将来的科学探索，太阳系有几个领域受到特别关注。)”可知，此处是指对宇宙奥秘的探索，所以quest意为“寻求，探求”。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒第二段最后一句“Mercury is too close to the Sun for comfort and too far away from the Earth.(水星离太阳太近，不会舒适，离地球太远。)”可知，水星是未来几十年最不可能被探测的。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Naturally, turning the space rock into a habitat for humans is not very practical considering our current level of technological maturity, but in my best estimation, it’s the next easiest thing to accomplish, after the Moon and Mars, of course.(当然，考虑到我们目前的技术成熟水平，把太空岩石变成人类的栖息地并不太现实，但据我估计，这是接下来最容易完成的事情，当然，是在月球和火星之后。)”可知，作者对“太空旅馆”的态度是充满希望的。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“And then what What’s the next great leap in humans’ quest for the secrets of the universe When it comes to the near future scientific exploration, there are a few areas of the solar system that will be receiving some special attention.(然后呢？人类探索宇宙秘密的下一个重大飞跃是什么？当谈到不久的将来的科学探索时，太阳系的一些区域将受到一些特别的关注。)”以及下文的对未来要探索的星球的描述可知，文章主要讲未来宇宙探索的领域。故选D。
D
Drones (无人机) equipped with hyperspectral and thermal sensors will be applied in Italy to spot trees infected with Xylella fastidiosa, a deadly bacterium that has been destroying the country’s olive crops for almost a decade.
The sensors will be able to detect signs of early infection that cannot be noticed easily, such as slight changes in the color of leaves, allowing farmers to select affected trees and prevent outbreaks. More than 300,000 trees will be examined using the new drone technology in the next few months.
“This technology has the potential to give the Italian government a major advantage in the fight against Xylella,” says Manuela, a researcher of the project. “We tend to realize far too late if a plant is infected - these drone sensors will allow us to spot and prevent outbreaks rather than just react to them.”
Early detection strategies like this are key for controlling Xylella, which is spread by spittlebugs that feed on infected plants, taking in bacteria and passing them to healthy plants nearby. Once the bacteria have infected a plant, they block the xylem vessels that transport water through the plant, cutting off its ability to absorb water and, eventually, killing it.
“Xylella is particularly dangerous because it has many different natural hosts through which it can spread.” says Andrea Maiorano, a plant health expert at the European Food Safety Authority in can spread,” says Andrea Maiorano, a plant health expert at the European Food Safety Authority in Italy. “There are hundreds of different plant species that can host it.”
According to the law, as soon as a tree is found to be infected with Xylella, it must immediately be cut down - along with all species easily affected within a 50-metre radius (半径). A 2.5-kilometre zone around the infected plant is then closely monitored to prevent spread to surrounding trees. The remote-detection drones will ensure that any infected tree in these areas is diagnosed and recognized quicker than ever before.
The hope is that this containment strategy in infected regions can buy time for the rest of the country’s olive plantations until a cure can be found.
12. What is the problem with the olive crops in Italy
A. Bacteria infection. B. Lack of water.
C. Soil pollution. D. Backward technology.
13. How do drones help the farmers
A. By curing the affected trees. B. By changing the color of leaves.
C. By monitoring the quality of trees. D. By discovering the unnoticed infection.
14. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The danger of Xylella. B. The key of the strategies.
C. The cause of the bacteria. D. The feature of the drones.
15. What can we expect of the drones in the future
A. They will prevent trees from being infected.
B. They will ensure the recognition of the plants.
C They can speed up the diagnosis of diseased trees.
D. They might help increase country’s olive plantations.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了配备高光谱和热传感的无人机将在意大利应用，以发现感染木杆菌的树木。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Drones (无人机) equipped with hyperspectral and thermal sensors will be applied in Italy to spot trees infected with Xylella fastidiosa, a deadly bacterium that has been destroying the country’s olive crops for almost a decade.(配备高光谱和热传感器的无人机将在意大利用于发现感染苛养木杆菌的树木，这种致命细菌已经摧毁了该国的橄榄作物近十年)”可知，意大利的橄榄作物受到的细菌感染。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“The sensors will be able to detect signs of early infection that cannot be noticed easily, such as slight changes in the color of leaves, allowing farmers to select affected trees and prevent outbreaks. (这些传感器将能够检测到不容易被发现的早期感染迹象，比如树叶颜色的细微变化，从而使农民能够选择受影响的树木并防止疾病爆发)”可知，这种无人机通过发现没有被注意到的感染来帮助农民。故选D。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“Early detection strategies like this are key for controlling Xylella, which is spread by spittlebugs that feed on infected plants, taking in bacteria and passing them to healthy plants nearby. Once the bacteria have infected a plant, they block the xylem vessels that transport water through the plant, cutting off its ability to absorb water and, eventually, killing it.(像这样的早期检测策略是控制木杆菌的关键，木杆菌是通过以受感染的植物为食的唾液虫传播的，它们吸收细菌并将其传播给附近的健康植物。一旦细菌感染了植物，它们就会阻塞在植物中运输水分的木质部血管，切断其吸收水分的能力，最终杀死植物)”可知，本段主要介绍了木杆菌的危险——导致植物最终死亡。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The hope is that this containment strategy in infected regions can buy time for the rest of the country’s olive plantations until a cure can be found.(希望这种在受感染地区的遏制策略可以为该国其他橄榄种植园争取时间，直到找到治愈方法)”可知，人们希望这种策略能为橄榄种植园争取时间。由此推知，未来这种无人机可以加快对患病树木的诊断。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. ____16____
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. _____17_____ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. _____18_____ Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.
____19____ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.
____20____ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.
A. This time there was no tent.
B. Things are going to be improved.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D. However, I learned a lot about camping later.
E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者由不喜欢露营到喜欢上露营的过程。作者认为每个人都能找到回归自然的方式，呼吁大家选择与大自然相处的方式。
【16题详解】
根据前文“If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.(如果三年前有人告诉我，我会把大部分周末时间花在露营上，我一定会开怀大笑。在我看来，露营的人喜欢被虫子咬，吃不熟的饭菜，还有不舒服的睡袋。他们和我毫无共同之处。)”可知，作者使用虚拟语气的句式表达了“自己不会成为露营者”，暗示了对于露营的态度的转变。由此推知，作为该段末尾句，应是回归现实，与前文形成转折关系，即“自己成为了一个露营者”。选项D“However, I learned a lot about camping later.”提及作者后来学到了很多关于露营的知识，说明作者成为了一个露营者，符合语境分析。故选D项。
【17题详解】
分析可知，设空句与后文为总分关系，后文“We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.(我们睡在帐篷里，在篝火上做饭，走了很长一段路去洗澡和上厕所。)”详细解释作者的露营条件十分艰苦，因此可推知，设空句应总结出“露营艰苦”。选项C“The trip they took me on was a rough one.”提及这趟旅行很艰难，可用于引出后文，且句中“they”应是与前文“The friends”相呼应。故选C项。
【18题详解】
根据后文“Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.(相反，我们有一个有舒适床和空调的临时帐篷。)”可知，设空句内容应涉及露营装备，且设空句应是与后文形成对比转折关系，选项A“This time there was no tent.”提及这次露营没有帐篷，可用于引出后文“Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.(相反，我们有一个有舒适床和空调的临时帐篷。)”，且与后文形成转折关系。故选A项。
19题详解】
根据后文“We have done a lot of it since.”可知，作者一家从那以后露营了很多次，由此判断，作者一家爱上了露营，设空句应对“since”进行解释。F项“After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.(旅行结束后，我的家人对露营非常感兴趣。)”中“after the trip”解释了“since”为“那次露营之后”，且句中的“became quite interested”与后文“we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set.(我们买了一辆28英尺长的旅行拖车，里面有一间浴室和一台内置电视机。)”相呼应，符合语境分析。故选F项。
【20题详解】
根据后文“It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature.”可知，作者希望每个人都能找到回归自然的方式，对于作者来说，露营就是作者回归自然的方式，由此推知，设空句应是作者对于自身的总结，即：已经爱上露营了。选项E“I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.(我得说，我已经开始享受露营了。)”既是对文章第一段中作者态度转变的总结，也很好地衔接了后文，符合分析。故选E项。
【点睛】七选五技巧之篇章结构很重要
在做七选五题目时，有的题可以利用文章或段落内部的总分结构关系来解决。篇章的基本结构或段落内部结构通常是主题句（总）+支撑句（分），其中支撑句用于分述主题的具体内容，或说明原因或举例证明等。比如文章的第2小题：
_____2_____ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.
C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.
通过阅读分析可知，空2与空后内容应是总分关系，空后内容提及了露营的具体艰苦条件，因此空2应是总结“艰苦”。选项C“The trip they took me on was a rough one.”意为“他们带我去的这趟旅行很艰难。”概括了空后的内容，符合语境，体现了总分的逻辑结构。故选C项。
第三部分 课内语言知识运用(共三节，满分30分)
第一节 根课文内容及汉语提示完成句子，用适当形式填空(每空填入一个单词，每空1分;满分15分)
21. 人们举行庆祝活动，对这一年收获的食物表达感恩。
People celebrate to show that they are ________ for the year’s ________ of food.
【答案】 ①. grateful ②. supply
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和名词。第一空考查短语be grateful for，表示“因……感激”；第二空名词所有格year’s 后接名词形式。表示“供给，供应，补给”，用名词supply，为不可数名词。根据句意，故填grateful; supply。
22. 节日正变得越来越商业化，商家会利用这些庆祝活动(进行促销)。
Festivals are becoming more and more ________ , ________ business taking advantage of the celebrations.
【答案】 ①. commercial ②. with
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词和with的复合结构。第一空表示“商业化”应用形容词commercial，作表语；第二空为with+宾语+宾语补足语的复合结构。故填①commercial；②with。
23. 她更感兴趣的是治病救人、发表妇幼护理的医学研究成果、培养下一代的医生。
She was more interested in ________ ________, publishing medical research on care for women and children, and training the next generation of doctors.
【答案】 ①. tending ②. patients
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。设空处意思为治病救人，也就是照料病人，可译为“tend patients”，接在介词后，应用动名词形式作宾语，故填tending；patients。
24. 虽然林巧稚终身未婚，但是她被称为“万婴之母”，她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,________ ________ over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.
【答案】 ①. having ②. delivered
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“接生”，是deliver，句中谓语是was known as，空格处用非谓语动词，she和deliver之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词表主动，deliver的动作发生在was known之前，因此空格处用现在分词的完成式having done。故填having，delivered。
25. 我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉实在是太棒了。
I have to ______ that it ______ feels good to be back in the city again.
【答案】 ①. admit ②. definitely
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和副词。根据汉语可知，第一空表示“承认”，可用动词admit，且空前有have to，admit应用原形；第二空表示“实在”，表示强调，可理解为“明显地，明确地”，是修饰feels good的状语，可用副词definitely。故依次填admit和definitely。
26. 这是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，每年接待的游客甚至比金门大桥还多。
It is a very popular ________ ________ that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge.
【答案】 ①. tourist ②. draw
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。形容词 popular 后接名词形式。“旅游景点”英文为tourist draw，根据不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。根据句意，故填tourist draw。
27. 这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration ________ the huge risks.
【答案】despite
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。名词the huge risks前用介词形式。表示“哪怕，尽管”之意，用介词despite。根据句意，故填despite。
28. 最近，为了做好测量和观测，中国已经发射了嫦娥四号去探测月球离我们较远的那一边的表面。
More recently, China has sent Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make ________ and observations.
【答案】measurements
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。结合句意表示“测量”以及后文observations可知，空处应用名词的复数形式measurements，和observations并列，作make的宾语。故填measurements。
29. 金钱是善仆，也是恶主。
Money is a good ________ and a bad master.
【答案】servant
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。结合句意表示“仆人”应用名词servant，作表语，结合不定冠词可知用单数。故填servant 。
第二节(共7小题;每小题1分;满分7分)
根据语境，选择下框中的单词替换句中划线部分的单词或短语，使之之意思一致。框中有为两个多余的单词。
A. definitely B. tailor C. figure D. feature E. beyond F. indicate G. flexible H. monitor I. material
30. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have changeable schedules to make it easier to care for.
31. Though born into wealth, he finally gave away all the physical, possession he had.
32. A red sky at night fray be a sign of fine weather the following day.
33. “I am without any doubt the best in the world,” she thought.
34. Many festivals present a parade and a great feast with music, dancing, and sports as important elements.
35. NASA has been trying to keep an eye on space junk(垃圾)since 1979, but the small bits can’t be tracked with current technologies.
36. Doctors may specially adapt diets to suit each patient’s case.
【答案】30. G 31. I
32. F 33. A
34. D 35. H
36. B
【解析】
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在外工作的母亲应该有灵活的日程安排，这样更容易照顾孩子。划线词changeable与G选项“灵活的”意思一致，故选G。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然出身富裕，但他最终放弃了他所有的物质财富。划线词physical与I选项“物质的”意思一致，故选I。
【32题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：夜晚的红色天空可能预示着第二天会有好天气。划线词be a sign of与F选项“表明”意思一致，故选F。
【33题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：“毫无疑问，我是世界上最好的，”她想。划线词without any doubt与A选项“绝对”意思一致，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：许多节日都有游行和以音乐、舞蹈和体育为重要元素盛大宴会。划线词as important elements与D选项“特色”意思一致，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：自1979年以来，美国国家航空航天局一直试图密切关注太空垃圾，但目前的技术无法追踪这些小碎片。划线词keep an eye on与H选项“监视”意思一致，故选H。
【36题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：医生可能会特别调整饮食以适应每个病人的情况。划线词specially adapt与B选项“使适应”意思一致，故选B。
第三节(共8小题;每小题1分;满分8分)
根据语境，选择下框中的单词或短语，必要时用正确的形式填空。框中有两个为多余的单词或短语。
contain set off spot result in go off lack deliver in case carry out run out
37. Known as “the mother of ten thousand babies”, Dr. Lin Qiaozhi ______ over 50, 000 babies in her lifetime.
38. The smoke alarm ______ all of a sudden, and then a burst of water showered everyone in the room.
39. The doctor shared his phone number with the patients ______ they needed medical assistance.
40. In fact grouse(松鸡)are hard ______, because they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.
41. Due to bad weather, the singer’s flight was cancelled, ______ the show being put off.
42. The last goal sent the Libyans into wild gaiety(欢乐), as they ______ fireworks in the stadium.
43. For ______ of strong evidence, the accused was allowed to go free.
44. No delay. I’d like to see your plan ______ right away.
【答案】37. has delivered
38. went off
39. in case
40. to spot
41. resulting in
42. set off
43. lack 44. carried out
【解析】
【37题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：被称为“万婴之母”的林巧稚医生一生接生了5万多名婴儿。结合句意表示“接生”应用动词deliver，根据“ in her lifetime”可知用现在完成时，主语是Dr. Lin Qiaozhi ，助动词用has，故填has delivered。
【38题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：烟雾报警器突然响了，接着一股水柱洒落在房间里的每个人身上。结合句意表示“响铃”短语为go off，根据后文showed可知为一般过去时，故填went off。
【39题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：医生把他的电话号码告诉了病人，以防他们需要医疗救助。结合句意表示“以防”短语为in case，引导目的状语从句，故填in case。
【40题详解】
考查动词和不定式。句意：事实上，松鸡很难被发现，因为它们听到人类靠近时通常会飞走。结合句意表示“发现”应用动词spot，此处为be adj. to do sth.结构。故填to spot。
【41题详解】
考查固定短语和现在分词。句意：由于天气不好，这位歌手的航班被取消了，结果演出被推迟了。结合句意表示“结果”短语为result in，此处作结果状语应用现在分词形式。故填resulting in。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语和时态。句意：最后一个进球让利比亚人欣喜若狂，他们在体育场里燃放烟花。结合句意表示“燃放”短语为set off，根据上文sent可知为一般过去时。故填set off。
【43题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：由于缺乏有力的证据，被告被释放了。结合句意表示“缺乏”短语为lack of，故填lack。
【44题详解】
考查固定短语和过去分词。句意：吧于鏊拖延。我希望看到你的计划马上实施。结合句意表示“实施”短语为carry out，此处为see+宾语+宾补结构，且plan与carry out构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填carried out。
第Ⅱ卷(满分50分)
第四部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分25分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Thousands of people online are involved in efforts to help an 8-year-old, cancer-stricken(患癌症) boy from the United States to realize his dream.Dorian Murray of Westerly, Rhode Island, has been receiving ____45____ from around the world in recent days.
Dorian has been ____46____ cancer since he was 4. ____47____ the disease had been brought under control after a series of ____48____ treatments, a medical checkup early this month found that cancer cells(细胞) had ____49____ to the boy’s brain. The family decided to ____50____ treatment.
Dorian then told his father that before going to heaven, he wanted to be ____51____ in China because it had the Great Wall, which he called “a bridge for people to walk on”. The ____52____ between the boy and his father was posted on Facebook, where it was ____53____ and commented upon by thousands of Internet users, including many from China.
Some responded with ____54____ taken at the Great Wall in Beijing, in which they held signs with words of ____55____ , reading “D-Strong” and “You are very famous in China.” Some left messages below the post, saying “I hope you will ____56____ soon.” Or “We are delighted to make your dream come true.”
Dorian’s mother wrote that she was ____57____ and deeply moved by the responses to Dorian’s ____58____ . “Dorian has brought so much inspiration to people around the world!I couldn’t be more ____59____ , my son.” she said.
45. A. invitations B. letters C. gifts D. responses
46. A. fighting B. attacking C. treating D. avoiding
47. A. When B. Although C. Once D. Since
48. A. painful B. disappointing C. perfect D. simple
49. A. climbed B. rose C. spread D. rushed
50. A. receive B. change C. check D. stop
51. A. excellent B. successful C. famous D. brave
52. A. conversation B. relationship C. argument D. difference
53. A. questioned B. shared C. copied D. enjoyed
54. A. books B. notes C. photos D. newspapers
55. A. principle B. pattern C. encouragement D. element
56. A. finish B. leave C. return D. recover
57. A. amazed B. upset C. confused D. speechless
58. A. performance B. disease C. imagination D. request
59. A. satisfied with B. proud of C. interested in D. confident about
【答案】45. D 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. C 55. C 56. D 57. A 58. D 59. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了身患癌症的Dorian在离世前，通过社交网络平台接收到了广大网友的回复和鼓励，并最终圆梦的故事。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：来自罗德岛州韦斯特利的道林·穆雷最近几天收到了来自世界各地的回复。A. invitations邀请；B. letters信；C. gifts礼物；D. responses回应；回复。由最后一段中“deeply moved by the responses to Dorian’s”可知，response是同词复现，此处指道林收到了来自世界各地的回复，故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：道林从四岁起就开始与癌症抗争。A. fighting斗争；B. attacking攻击；C. treating治疗；对待；D. avoiding避免。由上文“cancer-stricken(患癌症) boy from the United States to realize his dream.Dorian Murray of Westerly,”和下文“since he was 4.”可知，道林患有癌症，他从四岁起就开始与癌症抗争。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然经过一系列痛苦的治疗后，这种疾病已经得到控制，但本月初的一次医学检查发现，癌细胞已经扩散到男孩的大脑。A. When当……时候；B. Although尽管；C. Once一旦；D. Since自从。由下文“the disease had been brought under control”和“a medical checkup early this month found that cancer cells(细胞) had______to the boy’s brain.”可知，前后是转折关系，应用连词although引导让步状语从句，故选B。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然经过一系列痛苦治疗后，这种疾病已经得到控制，但本月初的一次医学检查发现，癌细胞已经扩散到男孩的大脑。A. painful痛苦的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. perfect完美的；D. simple简单的。由下文“treatments”可知，治疗癌症的过程是很痛苦的，故选A。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然经过一系列痛苦的治疗后，这种疾病已经得到控制，但本月初的一次医学检查发现，癌细胞已经扩散到男孩的大脑。A. climbed爬；B. rose升起；C. spread传播；扩散；D. rushed冲。由下文“to the boy’s brain”和下文提到的“Dorian then told his father that before going to heaven”男孩即将离世可知，癌细胞已经扩散到男孩的大脑，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这家人决定停止治疗。A. receive收到；B. change改变；C. check检查；D. stop停止。由下文“Dorian then told his father that before going to heaven”和上文提到的癌细胞已经扩散到男孩的大脑可知，癌细胞已经扩散到男孩的大脑，这说明没有治愈的可能，由此可推知，男孩家人决定停止治疗，故选D。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：道林接着告诉他的父亲，在去天堂之前，他想在中国出名，因为中国有长城，他称之为“一座人们可以走的桥”。A. excellent优秀的；B. successful成功的；C. famous有名的；D. brave勇敢的。由下文“because it had the Great Wall”和“You are very famous in China.”可知，此处famous是同词复现，男孩想在中国出名，因为中国有长城，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩和他父亲之间的对话被发布到 Facebook上，被成千上万的互联网用户分享和评论，其中包括许多来自中国的用户。A. conversation交谈；B. relationship关系；C. argument论据；D. difference差异。由上文“Dorian then told his father that before going to heaven, he wanted to be_______in China because it had the Great Wall, which he called”a bridge for people to walk on.”中的told可知，此处指男孩与父亲的谈话。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩和他父亲之间的对话被发布到 Facebook上，被成千上万的互联网用户分享和评论，其中包括许多来自中国的用户。A. questioned质疑；B. shared分享；C. copied复制；D. enjoyed享受。由下文“commented upon by thousands of Internet users”和“Some responded with___taken at the Great Wall in Beijing,”可知，男孩的事情被发布到了网上，并收到了回复，这说明他与父亲的对话被分享到了网上，故选B。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些人用在北京长城拍摄的照片作为回应，在照片中，他们举着鼓励的标语，上面写着“D-Strong”和“你在中国很有名”。A. books书；B. notes便条；笔记；C. photos照片；D. newspapers报纸。由下文“taken at the Great Wall in Beijing”可知，photos和take搭配，构成短语take photos，意为“照照片”，故选C。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些人用在北京长城拍摄的照片作为回应，在照片中，他们举着鼓励的标语，上面写着“D-Strong”和“你在中国很有名”。A. principle原则；B. pattern类型；C. encouragement鼓励；D. element元素。由下文““D-Strong” and “You are very famous in China.””可知，这是对这个男孩的鼓励，故选C。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些人在帖子下面留言说：“希望你早日康复。”A. finish完成；B. leave离开；C. return返回；D. recover恢复。由上文“Some left messages below the post, saying “I hope you will”可知，人们是在鼓励他，祝福他，希望他能早日康复，故选D。
【57题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：道林的母亲写道，她对道林的请求所得到的回复感到惊讶和深深的感动。A. amazed惊讶的；B. upset心烦的；C. confused困惑的；D. speechless无语的。由下文“and deeply moved by the responses”可知，收到这么多鼓励和祝福的回复，他的母亲感到很惊讶，故选A。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：道林的母亲写道，她对道林的请求所得到的回复感到惊讶和深深的感动。A. performance表演；B. disease疾病；C. imagination想象；D. request请求。上文提到“Dorian then told his father that before going to heaven, he wanted to be____in China because it had the Great Wall, which he called”a bridge for people to walk on.”道林想在离世前，在中国出名，这是他的一个请求。故选D。
【59题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：“我为我的儿子感到无比骄傲。”她说。A. satisfied with对……满意；B. proud of以……为骄傲；C. interested in对……感兴趣；D. confident about对……自信。由上文“Dorian has brought so much inspiration to people around the world!”可知，道林的妈妈为道林为世界上如此多的人带来激励而感到骄傲，故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With over 1.4 billion people, China has the world’s largest population, but is one of the smallest surname pools. In contrast, the United States ____60____ (report) to have 6.3 million surnames in its 2010 census(人口普查). So what is it that leads ____61____ this vast difference
It’s ____62____ (part) because of the difference in language. You can’t just add a stroke(笔画)to a Chinese character and create a new surname. Technology is also a factor at play. We rely on technology on ____63____ daily basis. The systems that process our information rely on a ____64____ (limit) list of standardized Chinese characters,____65____ means that those with rare characters in their surnames may find using this technology difficult. It causes them ____66____ (change) their last names out of convenience. Meanwhile, the ____67____ (lose) of certain surnames over time is a naturally ____68____ (occur) phenomenon. Given China’s long history, it has lost more names over time, compared to younger countries._____69_____, this phenomenon is still one that Chinese people are struggling within the digital age.
【答案】60. was reported
61. that 62. partly
63. a 64. limited
65. which 66. to change
67. loss 68. occuring
69. However
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述中国人口是世界上人口最多的国家，但却是世界上姓氏最少的国家之一以及造成这种现象的原因。
【60题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：相比之下，据报道，美国在2010年的人口普查中有630万个姓氏。设空处为谓语动词，和主语为被动关系，且根据句中的时间状语in its 2010 census (人口普查)，谓语时态为一般过去时，又因主语the United States为单数形式，故填was reported。
【61题详解】
考查强调句。句意：那么是什么导致了如此巨大的差异呢 该句是强调的特殊疑问句型：特殊疑问词+ is/was it that...，强调部分即为特殊疑问词，故填that。
【62题详解】
考查副词。句意：一部分的原因是语言的差异。设空处修饰介词短语，使用副词作状语，故填partly。
【63题详解】
考查冠词。句意：我们每天的日常生活都依赖科技。on a daily basis为固定搭配，符合句意，故填a。
【64题详解】
考查形容词。句意：处理我们的信息的系统依赖于有限的标准化汉字列表，这意味着那些姓氏中有罕见字符的人可能会发现使用这种技术很困难。由空格后的名词list可知，该处应填写形容词，作定语，表示“有限的”，故填limited。
【65题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：同上。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先行词为整个前面主句的内容，应用关系代词which，故填which。
【66题详解】
考查不定式。句意：这导致他们为了方便而改变姓氏。cause sb to do为固定搭配，意为：导致某人做某事，不定式作宾补，故填to change。
【67题详解】
考查名词。句意：同时，随着时间的推移，某些姓氏的消失是一种自然发生的现象。由空格前的定冠词可知，该处应填名词作句子主语，loss“消失”为不可数名词，故填loss。
【68题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：同上。句中已有谓语动词is，occur是不及物动词，没有被动语态，故用现在分词作定语，故填occurring。
【69题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，这一现象仍然是中国人在数字时代苦苦挣扎的问题。结合句意可知，前后为转折关系，且置于句首，首字母大写，故填However。
第五部分 写作(满分25分)
70. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tim想要在暑假时到中国旅游，发邮件向你征求建议，请你回复一封邮件，内容包括：1.推荐一个城市;2.给出推荐理由。
注意：1.词数100左右;2.可增加适当细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tim,
Glad to know you’ll spend your coming summer holiday in China.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Tim,
Glad to know you’ll spend your coming summer holiday in China. I’m glad to recommend a tourist city for you to spend your coming summer holiday. As far as I’m concerned, Beijing is the best choice for you.
To begin with, Beijing, the capital of China, is a very attractive city with a long history. It lies in the north of China and is not too hot at this time of the year. You can find all kinds of delicious food in Beijing, of which the most famous is the roast Beijing duck. I hope you will enjoy it. Besides, there are a great number of tourist attractions worth visiting, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and the Forbidden City. These scenic spots have attracted millions of tourists every year. I promise you will have a wonderful time here in Beijing.
I can act as your guide if you like, and I am ready to offer help whenever you need it. I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible.
Yours，
LiHua
【解析】
【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给英国朋友Tim回复一封邮件，向他推荐一个旅游城市。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴：glad→delighted
首先：to begin with→firstly
位于：lie in→be located in
另外：besides→furthermore
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To begin with, Beijing, the capital of China, is a very attractive city with a long history.
拓展句：Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a very attractive city with a long history.
【点睛】[高分句型1]You can find all kinds of delicious food in Beijing, of which the most famous is the roast Beijing duck.(介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]I can act as your guide if you like, and I am ready to offer help whenever you need it.(if引导的条件状语从句)
