北师大版（2019）必修第三册Unit 7 Art Grammar课件(共50张PPT)

(共50张PPT)
Unit 7　Art
Section Ⅳ　Grammar
指出下列句子中名词性从句的类型
1.I don’t know where the new employee is living now.
2.That is why he has refused to enter the large company.
3.The question is how we can persuade him to give up his plan.
宾语从句　
表语从句　
表语从句　
语法感知
4.What made me angry was that he had failed the exam again.
5.It is reported that the Chinese women volleyball team has won the game.
主语从句　
主语从句
名词性从句
名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句 主语从句 (Subject Clauses)
宾语从句 (Object Clauses)
表语从句 (Predicative Clauses)
同位语从句 (Appositive Clauses)
一、主语从句
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,whose,which,whatever, whoever,whichever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无实义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用,且在从句中充当句子成分。
1.连词that引导的主语从句
that在从句中无意义,不作成分。
That he had made a big mistake really made the boss angry.
他犯了大错,确实让老板很生气。
2.连词whether/if引导的主语从句
whether/if在从句中不作成分,意为“是否”。
Whether he will come to attend the meeting isn’t known yet.
还不知道他是否会来参加会议。
It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
3.连接代词who,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever, whichever和连接副词when,where,how,why引导的主语从句
连接代词或连接副词在从句中有意义,作成分。
Whose coat has been stolen isn’t known.
不知道谁的外套被偷了。
Whoever comes will be welcome.
无论谁来都将受到欢迎。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这是怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。
4.it作形式主语,主语从句后移
有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在后面。
主语从句与形式主语it
基本句型结构 常用词语
It is+过去分词+that从句 常用的过去分词有said,reported,decided,
believed,suggested,ordered等。过去分词为suggested,ordered等表“建议,命令”等词时,主语从句的谓语用“(should+)动词原形”
It+不及物动词、(短语)+that从句 常用的不及物动词(短语)有seem,happen,
turn out等
It is a pity that you have missed such an exciting match.
你错过了如此激动人心的比赛,真是遗憾。
It is very important that we (should) learn English well.
我们学好英语很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
特别提醒　1.whether与if
(1)whether引导的主语从句置于句首时,不可用if来替换。
(2)if引导主语从句时,要用it作形式主语,将if引导的主语从句后置,此时whether与if可互换。
Whether she will go home or not is unknown.
她是否会回家还不得而知。
Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided.
=It remains to be decided whether/if we shall raise ducks or geese.
我们是养鸭还是养鹅仍未决定。
2.主语从句的主谓一致
(1)主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式。
That they will come is certain.
他们会来是确定的。
(2)what引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定。
What he wants is some water.他所想要的是一些水。
What he wants are these books.他所想要的是这些书。
【即学即用】
完成句子
①他丢了自行车这件事让他很难过。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　made him very sad.
②这个人在会上说的话让我们很吃惊。
　　　 　　　　　　　at the meeting made us surprised.
That he had lost his bike
What the man said
③我不知道他是否会把书还回来。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　isn’t known to me.
④据报道,很多人放弃了这个城市。
　　　　　　　　　a lot of people have given up this city.
Whether he will return the book
It is reported that
二、宾语从句
宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
结构为:主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语从句或介词(prep.)+宾语从句。
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的。
Give a reading list to whoever comes.
给所有来的人一份阅读书目。
引导宾语从句的词有连词that(无意义,不作成分); if/whether(是否);连接代词who,whose,what,which等;连接副词when,where,how,why等。宾语从句需要特别注意的问题:引导词、语序和时态。如果主句时态是过去时,从句通常与主句一致,用过去时态;语序为陈述语序。
1.连词that引导的宾语从句
that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中可以省略。
He told me (that) he would go to the college the next year.
他告诉我他明年上大学。
特别提醒　(1)在以下情况中that不能省略:
①动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,其余的that一般都不能省略。
We all think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.
我们都认为她学习非常努力,一定会进一所非常好的大学。
②当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可以省略。
Just then I noticed,for the first time,that our master was wearing his fine green coat.
那时我第一次注意到我们的老师穿着他那件好看的绿色大衣。
③当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可以省略。
I can’t tell him that his mother died.
我不能告诉他他的母亲去世了。
(2)动词+it+形容词或固定搭配+(that)从句。
We think it important (that) every citizen should have good manners.
我们认为每个公民有礼貌是很重要的。
(3)在demand,request,command,order,suggest,insist,desire等表示要求、命令、建议、坚持等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should+)动词原形”。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
(4)动词doubt的否定结构和疑问结构中用that;肯定结构用whether/if。
I don’t doubt that he’ll be against the idea.
我毫不怀疑他会反对这一想法。
I doubt whether he will come on time.
我怀疑他是否会按时来。
2.wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句
由who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why等连接词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句。连接词在宾语从句中担当一定的成分,语序用陈述语序。
In one’s own home one can do what one likes.
一个人在自己家里可以随心所欲。
3.whether/if 引导的宾语从句
由whether/if引导的宾语从句,实际上是由一般疑问句演变而来的,意为“是否”;宾语从句要用陈述语序。一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。
I wonder whether/if they will come to our party.
我想知道他们是否会来参加我们的聚会。
特别提醒　只能用whether,不能用if的情况:
(1)在带to的不定式前
He seemed uncertain whether to go or stay.
他似乎还没有决定去留。
(2)在介词的后面
I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
我正在考虑我们是否该去看电影。
(3)直接与or not连用时
I can’t say whether or not they can come on time.
我也不敢说他们是否能够按时到达。
4.宾语从句的一些注意事项
(1)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句,但but,except,besides等后可接that引导的宾语从句。
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.
除了下雨天外,他每天都去图书馆。
I know nothing about my new neighbour except that he is a teacher.
我只知道我的新邻居是一位老师。
(2)动词find,consider,think,feel,believe,make等后面有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语that从句后置。
I have made it clear that I will not accept this job.
我已表明我不会接受这份工作。
(3)有些(短语)动词,如enjoy,love,like,hate,appreciate,take, hide,see to,insist on,depend on,rely on等接宾语从句时,习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。
I hate it when people ask me for money.
我不喜欢别人向我要钱。
Please see to it that the door is locked.
请务必锁上门。
(4)宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序用陈述语序,即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
I don’t know what they are looking for.
我不知道他们正在找什么。
(5)宾语从句的时态
①主句是一般现在时或一般将来时,从句根据实际情况使用任何适当的时态。
The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
校长希望一切顺利。
②主句是过去时态,从句需用过去时态的某种形式。
She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
她非常抱歉没能按时完成工作。
③当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时态,从句也用一般现在时。
The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
老师告诉学生光的传播速度比声音的传播速度快。
(6)宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider, expect,fancy,guess等,主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时时,从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来,其附加疑问句的主语一般与宾语从句的主语一致。
I don’t think he will come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的聚会。
I don’t believe that task is finished by Jim,is it
我认为那项任务不是吉姆完成的,是不是
【即学即用】
翻译句子
①他问我什么时候去西藏旅行。
②我不知道什么使得他学习更加努力了。
He asked me when I would travel to Tibet.
I don’t know what has made him work harder.
③女孩决定不了是否去看望那些孩子们。
④我讨厌人们嘴里含着饭讲话。
The girl can’t decide whether/if she will go to see the children.
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
三、表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语,放在系动词之后,结构为“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that不可以省略。另外,常用的还有The reason is that...和It is because...等结构。
1.引导词
引导表语从句的词有连词that(无意义,不作成分),whether (是否),as if/though(好像),because(因为);连接代词who,what, which等;连接副词when,where,how,why等。
2.用法
(1)可接表语从句的连系动词有be,remain,look,sound,seem等。
China is no longer what she used to be.
今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题仍然是他们是否会帮我们。
(2)由that引导的表语从句
在表语从句中that不能省略,不作从句的成分,没有意义。
He didn’t attend the party.The reason was that he was ill.
他没有参加聚会,原因是他生病了。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
麻烦的是我把他的地址弄丢了。
(3)由why与because引导的表语从句
I was angry.That was because he didn’t come.
我生气了,那是因为他没来。(强调原因)
He didn’t come.That was why I was angry.
他没来,那就是我生气的原因。(强调结果)
特别提醒　1.表语从句用陈述语序
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
问题是他什么时候可以到达酒店。
The boy still remains where he was two hours ago.
男孩依然在他两小时前在的地方。
2.引导表语从句时,用whether,不用if
The question is whether he can help us.
问题是他是否能够帮我们。
3.as if/as though与because
这两个连词在主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句中不可使用。但是可以用在连系动词后引导表语从句。
It seemed as if Jack didn’t know the news.
好像杰克不知道这个消息。
That’s because he didn’t understand me.
那是因为他不理解我。
【即学即用】
完成句子
①他很懒惰,那就是他考试再次失败的原因。
He is lazy and that is 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　.
②他迟到了,原因是他遭遇了堵车。
He was late.The reason is 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
why he has failed the exam again
that he was caught in the traffic jam
③那就是让他那么失望的事情。
That is 　　　　　 　　.
④问题是他们是否会喜欢那个计划。
The question remains 　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　.
what makes him so disappointed
whether they will like the plan or not
一、选词填空
1.　　　　　　(What/That) he suddenly fell ill wasn’t known to anyone.
答案:That
2.He has heart disease.That is 　　　　　　(why/because) he has been smoking too much.
答案:because
3.The reason why he failed again was
　　　　　　(that/what) he was too careless.
答案:that
4.The problem is 　　　　　　(if/whether) they will regard me as their member.
答案:whether
5.I’m not sure 　　　　　　(if/whether) the old man will agree to the plan or not.
答案:whether
二、翻译句子
1.Who will win the match is still unknown.
答案:谁会赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
2.It is known to us how he became a writer.
答案:我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
3.It’s a great pity that they didn’t get married.
答案:他们没有结婚,真是令人惋惜。
4.He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
答案:他告诉我他明天要去上海。
5.The question is whether we can get in touch with her.
答案:问题是我们是否能联系上她。
6.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
答案:一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
7.The fact is that we have lost the game.
答案:事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
8.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
答案:凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
9.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
答案:我认为每天多喝热水是有必要的。
10.Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting
question.
答案:月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。