2024年高考英语语法填空热点话题终极押题-航空航天
主要内容
1 介绍了周二凌晨,梦天实验舱在天宫空间站成功与天和核心舱和天问实验舱对接的相关情况。
2 介绍了神舟16号发射升空的情况以及三名中国宇航员。
3 介绍了中国商业运载火箭迎来的一个新成员:智能龙3号,或称“捷龙3号”并介绍了这个运载火箭的特点等。
4 讲述宇航员聂海胜、刘伯明和汤洪波这三名宇航员完成航天任务返回地球的事。三位宇航员共同完成了多项科学实验和技术验证任务,同时也是中国首次进行太空生物科学实验。
5 报道了神舟13号宇航员成功返回地球以及他们在太空取得的成就。
6 介绍的是一张中国科学院于2022年6月14日发布的月球地图。
01
(2023·江苏扬州·扬州中学校考模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s space project sets sail for the sea of stars
The Mengtian lab module successfully 1 (join) the Tianhe core module and the Wentian lab module at China’s space station Tiangong on the early morning of Tuesday.
Mengtian is the 2 (two) lab module of the space station and the first one is Wentian that was connected with Tianhe 3 (previous). With the two lab modules now docked (对接) with the core module, the T-shaped structure of the space station has taken shape up to now. The space station has entered its final construction stage as 4 (plan).
This smooth progress should be owed to scientists and engineers and all those 5 devotion and hard work has made the space station 6 reality. China has never abandoned its 7 (ambition) goal of acquiring advanced space capabilities and becoming a pioneer in the exploration of space, so as 8 (help) expand our knowledge of the universe. China’s pride in its space achievements is also an expression of thanks 9 people who have made contributions. The insistence on the space missions being well-prepared, well-organized and well-implemented (有效执行) has been the 10 (found) on which China’s aerospace industry has continually reached new heights.
02
(2023春·陕西咸阳·高二统考期末)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhou-16 spaceship atop the Long March-2F rocket blasted off from Jiuquan Satllite Launch Center in Northwest China 11 9:31 a. m. The spaceship will conduct a fast automated rendezvous once in orbit and dock at the radial port of the Tianhe core module, 12 (form) a combination of three modules and three spaceships.
The Shenzhou-16 mission 13 (crew) by three Chinese astronauts. Jing Haipeng, 14 became the first taikonaut to go into space for a fourth time with this mission, serves as the commander and spacecraft pilot. 15 (previous), the veteran has participated in the Shenzhou-7, Shenzhou-9 and Shenzhou-11 manned missions, and served as commander in the last two missions.
Zhu Yangzhu, 16 former university teacher with a doctoral degree, fufills the role of the space fight engineer. Zhu will be the first flight engineer 17 (enter) China’s space station.
Gui Haichao, a professor at Beihang University, astonished numerous social media 18 (user) when China revealed the crew on Monday as the nation’s pioneering spectacled taikonaut. Gui serves as the payload expert. Upon his arrival, the space station will welcome 19 (it) first payload specialist.
Earlier this month China also 20 (launch) the Tianzhou 6 cargo spacecraft to Tiangong to deliver supplies for the six-month-long Shenzhou-16 mission.
03
(2023·河南开封·统考模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s commercial carrier rockets have welcomed a new member to the family, after the Smart Dragon-3, 21 Jielong-3, made its successful flight from the waters of the Yellow Sea, sending 14 satellites 22 (precise) into their designated orbit.
The vehicle, developed by the state-owned China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology and 23 (weigh) about 140 tons, is a carrier rocket with a total length of about 31 meters. It is capable of sending a 1.5-ton payload to the 50-kilometer orbit, has a even 24 (large) nose cone (锥体) that I provides more space for payloads and diversified launch modes, and 25 (be) more cost-efficient. It is a highly reliable launch vehicle fitted with facilities that support both land-and sea-based launches.
Seaborne launches in China have historically been cold launches, 26 use a booster (助推器) powered by compressed (压缩) air, steam or gas to launch the vehicle to a certain altitude before starting the rocket engine. This time, Smart Dragon-3 pushed 27 (it) out of the launching cell using its own engine.
While the extreme heat during hot launches will cause some damage to 28 (equip) on board the ship, China has developed the ability 29 (reduce) this impact through temperature-resistant treatment for the ship.
Among the 14 satellites sent into orbit during this mission was Torch-1, 30 satellite which will be used to carry out observations on microbial growth in microgravity conditions.
04
(2022秋·广东江门·高三统考阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The three Chinese astronauts living in space for 90 days have returned to Earth, 31 (mark) an end to China’s longest-ever crewed mission.
The astronauts—Nie Haisheng, Liu Borning and Tang Hongbo— 32 (send) in June to the core module (舱) of China’s planned space station, called Tiangong or Heavenly Palace, which is still 33 construction in a low-Earth orbit.
The crew boarded the Shenzhou-12 spacecraft on Thursday and touched down at the Gobi desert in Inner Mongolia on Friday afternoon, state news agency Xinhua reported.
During their three months at 34 space station, the astronauts conducted two spacewalks to test their 35 (equip), new-generation spacesuits and life maintenance systems. Their mission is a major step in China’s plan 36 (complete) the space station by December 2022, 37 it’s expected to be fully crewed and operational
Before then, China plans to send three more manned spacecraft and two laboratory modules to the space station.
It’s an 38 (ambition) target for China’s rapidly expanding space program, which has received 39 (billion) of dollars in government investment and achieved a series of other milestones in recent years - including landing a lunar probe in a 40 (previous) unexplored area of the moon last December, and landing a rover on Mars in May.
05
(2022·广东·统考三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词,或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhou-13 crew have 41 (safe) returned to Earth after their six- month orbital trip, 42 nearly doubled the previous record of China’s longest single- flight space mission of 92 days set by the Shenzhou-12. At 9:06 am on April 16, the ground controlling team 43 (order) the return and the return capsule separated with the Shenzhou-13 successfully. At 9:56 am, the Shenzhou-13 return capsule touched down successfully in Gobi Desert. The Shenzhou-13 crew exited the return capsule one hour and 10 minutes after their touchdown, 44 (fast) than that for Shenzhou-12 crew which took one hour and 40 minutes. Medical team confirmed that the crew are 45 good health, marking the full success of the Shenzhou-13 mission.
Shenzhou-13 mission commander Zhai Zhigang got out of return capsule first, reporting “feeling good”. 46 (follow) him, “Star- picking mom is home,” said Wang Yaping, the first spacewalking Chinese woman. And Ye Guangfu soon joined them with good spirits.
47 (ensure) their safe return, the taikonauts have been taking physical exercises to train their muscles. Meanwhile, the ground support team has evaluated their physical and psychological condition and made targeted 48 (adjust).
Other than the two spacewalks, the crew has also played 49 significant part in many historic moments in China in the past six months, sending their blessings during the Chinese New Year 50 joining the audience of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games from space.
06
(2022·河南濮阳·统考模拟预测)阅读下面短文, 在空白处入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years, there have been many attempts 51 (record) the details of the surface of the Moon. However, none has been as comprehensive as the map released by the Chinese Academy of Sciences on June 14, 2022.
This map 52 (create) using 15 years of data which was collected from the ongoing Chinese Lunar Exploration Program. Chinese geologists (地质学家) also used information from lunar exploration missions (任务) 53 (conduct) by the US, Japan, and India.
The map identifies the precise locations of every known lunar rock, basin, and structure. Geological 54 (discovery) made at the sampling sites of the historic 1969—1972 Apollo mission 55 the landing site of the 2020 Chang’e 5 mission—where the youngest lunar rock known to date was found-are also marked.
The researchers believe the thorough lunar map will contribute 56 (significant) to scientific research. The map will also be 57 reliable tool for finding safe landing places for future lunar missions.
Meanwhile, the European Space Agency focused its efforts 58 creating “the most accurate complete multidimensional map of the Milky Way.” Its information will give astronomers a 59 (far) understanding of the evolution of our galaxy. It will also help 60 (they) better understand the life cycle of stars.
参考答案:
1.joined 2.second 3.previously 4.planned 5.whose 6.a 7.ambitious 8.to help 9.to 10.foundation
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了周二凌晨,梦天实验舱在天宫空间站成功与天和核心舱和天问实验舱对接的相关情况。
1.考查时态。句意:周二凌晨,梦天实验舱在天宫空间站成功与天和核心舱和天问实验舱对接。根据时间状语on the early morning of Tuesday可知,谓语动词join用一般过去时。故填joined。
2.考查数词。句意:梦天是空间站的第二个实验舱,第一个实验舱是此前与天和对接的“问天”。表示“第二”应用序数词second。故填second。
3.考查副词。句意:梦天是空间站的第二个实验舱,第一个实验舱是此前与天河对接的“闻天”。修饰was connected with应用副词previously作状语,故填previously。
4.考查固定句型。句意:空间站已按计划进入最后建设阶段。表示“按计划”短语为as planned。故填planned。
5.考查定语从句。句意:这一顺利的进展应该归功于科学家和工程师以及所有那些为使空间站成为现实而付出奉献和辛勤工作的人。限制性定语从句修饰先行词those,those和devotion and hard work构成所属关系,用关系代词whose替代先行词在从句中作devotion and hard work的定语,故填whose。
6.考查冠词。句意:这一顺利的进展应该归功于科学家和工程师以及所有那些为使空间站成为现实而付出奉献和辛勤工作的人。结合句意表示“成为现实”可知短语为make sth. a reality。故填a。
7.考查形容词。句意:中国从未放弃获得先进空间能力、成为太空探索先锋的宏伟目标,以帮助扩大我们对宇宙的认识。修饰名词goal应用形容词ambitious,作定语。故填ambitious。
8.考查不定式。句意:中国从未放弃获得先进空间能力、成为太空探索先锋的宏伟目标,以帮助扩大我们对宇宙的认识。表示“为了……”短语为so as to do sth.。故填to help。
9.考查介词。句意:中国对其航天成就的自豪也是对做出贡献的人们的感谢。表示“多亏、由于”短语为thanks to,侧重强调感谢的对象。故填to。
10.考查名词。句意:坚持准备好、组织好、实施好航天任务,是中国航天事业不断迈上新台阶的基础。作表语应用名词foundation,不可数。故填foundation。
11.at 12.forming 13.is crewed 14.who 15.Previously 16.a 17.to enter 18.users 19.its 20.launched
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了神舟16号发射升空的情况以及三名中国宇航员。
11.考查介词。句意:上午9点31分,神舟16号飞船搭载长征2F火箭从中国西北部酒泉卫星发射中心发射升空。空后“9:31”是具体的时刻,其前用介词at,故填at。
12.考查非谓语动词。句意:一旦进入轨道,飞船将进行快速自动交会,并停靠在天和核心舱的径向端口,形成三舱和三艘飞船的组合。分析句子成分可知,空处应为非谓语动词,且为自然而然的结果,故用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填forming。
13.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:神舟16号任务由三名中国宇航员组成。分析句子成分可知,空处应为谓语动词。且句子为客观描述,且主语The Shenzhou-16 mission和动词crew之间是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态,主语表示单数意义,be动词用is。故填is crewed。
14.考查定语从句。句意:景海鹏是第一个第四次进入太空的宇航员,他担任指挥官和飞船飞行员。分析句子成分可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Jing Haipeng,指人,且关系词在从句中充当主语,故用关系代词who。故填who。
15.考查副词。句意:此前,这位老兵曾参加过神舟七号、神舟九号和神舟十一号载人飞行任务,并在最近两次任务中担任指挥官。空处应为副词作状语,修饰整个句子,首字母应大写。故填Previously。
16.考查不定冠词。句意:拥有博士学位的前大学教师朱杨柱扮演了太空作战工程师的角色。teacher是发音以辅音音素开头的可数名词,此处用不定冠词a泛指,故填a。
17.考查非谓语动词。句意:朱将成为首位进入中国空间站的飞行工程师。flight engineer前有序数词修饰,故此处应用动词不定式作后置定语,故填to enter。
18.考查名词复数。句意:北京航空航天大学教授崔海超周一公布了中国首批戴眼镜宇航员的消息,震惊了众多社交媒体用户。user用户,可数名词,由“numerous”可知应用复数形式,故填users。
19.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:在它抵达后,空间站将迎来第一位有效载荷专家。空处应填形容词性物主代词,修饰名词specialist,故填its。
20.考查时态。句意:本月早些时候,中国还向天宫发射了天舟6号货运飞船,为为期6个月的神舟16号任务运送物资。根据时间状语“Earlier this month”可知,句子应用一般过去时,故填launched。
21.or 22.precisely 23.weighing 24.larger 25.is 26.which 27.itself 28.equipment 29.to reduce 30.a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国商业运载火箭迎来的一个新成员:智能龙3号,或称“捷龙3号”并介绍了这个运载火箭的特点等。
21.考查连词。句意:中国的商业运载火箭迎来了这个大家庭的新成员,智能龙3号,或称“捷龙3号”,成功地从黄海水域飞行,将14颗卫星精确地送入指定轨道。根据句中的“a new member”和“its”可知,Smart Dragon-3和Jielong-3是一个运载火箭的两个不同的名字,因此之间是选择关系。故填or。
22.考查副词。句意:中国的商业运载火箭迎来了这个大家庭的新成员,智能龙3号,或称“捷龙3号”,成功地从黄海水域飞行,将14颗卫星精确地送入指定轨道。修饰动词sending应该用副词作状语。故填precisely。
23.考查非谓语动词。句意:该运载火箭由国有的中国运载火箭技术研究院研制,重约140吨,是一种总长度约31米的运载火箭。分析句子可知,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰The vehicle,The vehicle 和动词weigh为主动关系,所以为现在分词形式。故填weighing。
24.考查形容词。句意:它能够将1.5吨的有效载荷发送到50公里的轨道,拥有更大的鼻锥,可以为有效载荷提供更多的空间和多样化的发射模式,并且更具成本效益。在句中修饰名词cone判断用形容词,再根据even判断用比较级形式。故填larger。
25.考查谓语动词。句意:它能够将1.5吨的有效载荷发送到50公里的轨道,拥有更大的鼻锥,可以为有效载荷提供更多的空间和多样化的发射模式,并且更具成本效益。根据and判断设空处在句中和is,has作并列谓语,主语是It。故填is
26.考查定语从句。句意:中国的海上发射历史上一直是冷发射,在启动火箭发动机之前,使用压缩空气、蒸汽或气体驱动的助推器将运载工具发射到一定的高度。分析句子结构可知,先行词为cold launches,从句中缺少主语成分,此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句。故填which。
27.考查代词。句意:这一次,智能龙-3利用自己的发动机将自己推出发射单元。根据空后的its判断此处是指Smart Dragon-3用自己的发动机把自己推送出舱,所以为反身代词itself的填入。故填itself。
28.考查名词。句意:虽然热发射期间的极端高温将对船上的设备造成一些损坏,但中国已经发展了通过对船舶进行耐温处理来减少这种影响的能力。本句缺少介词to的宾语,故填名词形式equipment。故填equipment。
29.考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然热发射期间的极端高温将对船上的设备造成一些损坏,但中国已经发展了通过对船舶进行耐温处理来减少这种影响的能力。分析句子可知,此处为固定搭配:the ability to do sth.意为“做某事的能力”。故填to reduce。
30.考查冠词。句意:在这次任务中送入轨道的14颗卫星中有火炬1号卫星,这颗卫星将用于在微重力条件下进行微生物生长的观测。根据句意可知,此处是名词短语作同位语,表示泛指概念,结合satellite为首音节为辅音音素,所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。
31.marking 32.were sent 33.under 34.the 35.equipment 36.to complete 37.when 38.ambitious 39.billions 40.previously
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述宇航员聂海胜、刘伯明和汤洪波这三名宇航员完成航天任务返回地球的事。三位宇航员共同完成了多项科学实验和技术验证任务,同时也是中国首次进行太空生物科学实验。
31.考查非谓语动词。句意:三名中国宇航员在太空生活了90天,于2021年9月17日返回地球,标志着中国有史以来最长载人任务的结束。分析句子可知,此处应用非谓语作结果状语,表自然而然的结果用现在分词。故填marking。
32.考查时态和语态。句意:这些宇航员——聂海胜、刘伯明和汤洪波——于6月被发送前往中国计划中的空间站的核心舱,这个核心舱被称为天宫,天宫目前仍在低地轨道上建设。分析句子可知,send是谓语动词,与主语The astronauts是被动关系,根据语境可知,描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,且主语是复数,故填were sent 。
33.考查介词。句意同上。under construction是固定短语,意为“在建设中”。故填under。
34.考查冠词。句意:句意:在空间站的三个月里,宇航员进行了两次太空行走,以测试他们的设备新一代宇航服和生命维护系统。此处特指上文提到的空间站,用定冠词修饰,故填the。
35.考查名词。句意:在空间站的三个月里,宇航员进行了两次太空行走,以测试他们的设备新一代宇航服和生命维护系统。形容词性物主代词修饰名词,此处应用equipment作宾语,且为不可数名词,故填equipment。
36.考查不定式。句意:他们的任务是中国计划在2022年12月前完成空间站的重要一步,届时空间站将全部载人并投入运行。分析句子可知,用非谓语动词作定语修饰plan,plan后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to complete。
37.考查关系副词。句意:他们的任务是中国计划在2022年12月前完成空间站的重要一步,届时空间站将全部载人并投入运行。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是December, 2022,在定语从句中充当时间状语,用关系副词when引导。故填when。
38.考查形容词。句意:这是中国迅速扩大的太空计划的一个雄心勃勃的目标,该计划已获得数十亿美元的政府投资,近年来还取得了一系列其他里程碑式的成就,包括去年12月将月球探测器降落在月球上一个未经勘探的区域,以及5月将火星车降落在火星上。分析句子可知,target是名词,应用形容词修饰,作定语。故填ambitious。
39.考查固定短语。句意:这是中国迅速扩大的太空计划的一个雄心勃勃的目标,该计划已获得数十亿美元的政府投资,近年来还取得了一系列其他里程碑式的成就,包括去年12月将月球探测器降落在月球上一个未经勘探的区域,以及5月将火星车降落在火星上。billions of“数十亿”,是固定短语。故填billions。
40.考查副词。句意:这是中国迅速扩大的太空计划的一个雄心勃勃的目标,该计划已获得数十亿美元的政府投资,近年来还取得了一系列其他里程碑式的成就,包括去年12月将月球探测器降落在月球上一个未经勘探的区域,以及5月将火星车降落在火星上。分析句子可知,应用precious的副词形式修饰形容词unexplored。故填previously。
1.safely 42.which 43.ordered 44.faster 45.in 46.Following 47.To ensure 48.adjustments/adjustment 49.a 50.and
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道,文章报道了神舟13号宇航员成功返回地球以及他们在太空取得的成就。
41.考查副词。句意:神舟13号机组人员在完成为期6个月的轨道飞行后安全返回地球,这几乎是神舟12号创造的中国最长单次太空飞行记录(92天)的两倍。分析句子可知,空处缺少副词作状语修饰谓语,safe的副词形式为safely。故填safely。
42.考查定语从句。句意:神舟13号机组人员在完成为期6个月的轨道飞行后安全返回地球,这几乎是神舟12号创造的中国最长单次太空飞行记录(92天)的两倍。分析句子可知,空处缺少关系词,引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是空格前的内容,作定语从句的主语,表示事物,用which引导。故填which。
43.考查动词时态。句意:4月16日上午9点06分,地面控制小组命令返回,返回舱与神舟十三号成功分离。分析句子可知,空处缺少动词作谓语,结合separated可知,句子为一般过去时,动词用过去式,order的过去式为ordered。故填ordered。
44.考查副词比较级。句意:神舟13号机组人员在着陆后1小时10分钟离开返回舱,比神舟12号机组人员1小时40分钟的时间要快。分析句子可知,空处缺少副词作状语,根据than可知,空处缺少比较级faster。故填faster。
45.考查介词。句意:医疗小组确认机组人员健康状况良好,标志着神舟十三号任务圆满成功。分析句子可知,空处缺少介词,in good health意思为:身体状况良好。故填in。
46.考查非谓语动词。句意:紧随其后的是“摘星妈妈回家了”,中国首位太空行走女性王亚平说。分析句子可知,空处缺少非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语Wang Yaping与follow构成主动关系,用现在分词。故填Following。
47.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了确保他们的安全返回,宇航员们一直在进行体育锻炼来训练他们的肌肉。分析句子可知,空处缺少非谓语动词。结合句意,表示“宇航员们进行体育锻炼”的目的是“确保安全返回”,用不定式作目的状语。故填To ensure。
48.考查名词。句意:与此同时,地面保障小组对他们的身体和心理状况进行了评估,并进行了有针对性的调整。空处在made的后面,为名词作宾语,adjust对应的名词为adjustment,也可以表示不同种类的评估,用名词复数。故填adjustments/adjustment。
49.考查冠词。句意:除了两次太空行走,在过去的六个月里,宇航员们还在中国的许多历史性时刻发挥了重要作用,在中国新年期间送上了祝福,并从太空作为观众加入北京2022年冬季奥运会。play a significant part in意思为:在……中起重要作用。故填a。
50.考查连词。句意:除了两次太空行走,在过去的六个月里,宇航员们还在中国的许多历史性时刻发挥了重要作用,在中国新年期间送上了祝福,并从太空作为观众加入北京2022年冬季奥运会。分析句子结构可知,sending和joining构成并列关系,用and连接。故填and。
51.to record 52.was created 53.conducted 54.discoveries 55.and 56.Significantly 57.a 58.on 59.further 60.them
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲介绍的是一张中国科学院于2022年6月14日发布的月球地图。
51.考查不定式。句意:近年来,人们进行了许多尝试,试图记录月球表面的细节。attempt意为“尝试”,后跟不定式作后置定语,故填to record。
52.考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:这张地图是用15年的数据绘制的,这些数据是从正在进行的中国月球探测计划中收集的。地图是被绘制,map和create之间是逻辑动宾关系,句子用被动语态,句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态,主语map是单数,因此空格处是was created。故填was created。
53.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国地质学家还使用了美国、日本和印度进行的月球探测任务的信息。句中谓语是used,空格处用非谓语动词,由by可知,空格处用过去分词表被动,故填conducted。
54.考查名词的复数。句意:在历史性的1969-1972年阿波罗任务的采样点和2020年嫦娥五号任务的着陆点(迄今为止已知最年轻的月球岩石的发现地点)的地质发现也被标记出来。由后面的are可知,此处discovery用复数,故填discoveries。
55.考查连词。句意:在历史性的1969-1972年阿波罗任务的采样点和2020年嫦娥五号任务的着陆点(迄今为止已知最年轻的月球岩石的发现地点)的地质发现也被标记出来。“sampling sites of the historic 1969—1972 Apollo mission”和“the landing site of the 2020 Chang’e 5 mission”之间是并列关系,因此空格处用and表并列,故填and。
56.考查副词。句意:研究人员认为,完整的月球地图将对科学研究做出重大贡献。空格处用副词significantly修饰动词contribute,意为“显著地”,故填significantly。
57.考查冠词。句意:该地图还将成为未来月球任务寻找安全着陆点的可靠工具。tool是可数名词的单数形式,表泛指,前面要加不定冠词,reliable是辅音音素开头,因此不定冠词用a,故填a。
58.考查介词。句意:与此同时,欧洲航天局把精力集中在绘制“最精确、最完整的银河系多维地图”上。focus...on是固定短语,意为“把……集中在……上”,因此空格处是介词on,故填on。
59.考查比较级。句意:它的信息将使天文学家进一步了解我们星系的演化。根据语境可知,句子表示“它的信息将使天文学家进一步了解我们星系的演化”,空格处意为“进一步的”,是further。故填further。
60.考查代词。句意:这也将帮助他们更好地了解恒星的生命周期。空格处用宾格them作宾语,故填them。2024年高考英语语法填空热点话题终极押题-中华文化
主要内容
1 介绍了上海博物馆正在开展的宋元珍本精选展活动。
2 介绍了中国的“三伏天”以及相关的习俗。
3 介绍了中国传统服装——汉服亮相威尼斯狂欢节,说明了中外文化交流的不断加深。
4 中国的十二生肖是以12年为一个连续的周期。2023年是兔年,兔年是非常平和的一年,所有人都张开双臂欢迎。
5 介绍了八段锦的起源、特点、在当下中国年轻人群中的火热程度及其原因。
6 报道了北京爱奇科技首席执行官杨章复兴了中国文化中濒临消失的榫卯建筑技术。
01
(2023·浙江·校联考模拟预测)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ancient books from the Song (960 — 1279) and Yuan (1271 — 1368) dynasties are now 1 show at a new exhibition at the Shanghai Museum and about half of the exhibits 2 (list) as “treasured ancient books” in China.
Pages Through the Ages: A Selection of the Song and Yuan Rare Books of the Shanghai Museum is set to run through Aug 13, 3 (feature) 66 precious books from the 10th to the 14th centuries. It is the first large showcase of ancient books from the 4 (collect) of the museum.
There is a saying among the archaeological circles in China 5 goes, “A page from a book of the Song Dynasty is worth a tael of gold”, which refers to the importance 6 high value of these ancient books.
The Song and Yuan dynasties saw 7 peak in the development of Chinese culture, and this coincided with the 8 (gold) age of ancient books in China, says Chu Xiaobo, director of the Shanghai Museum.
This period also saw vast improvements 9 (make) to paper-making, ink manufacturing and block printing techniques, and their rapid development 10 (lead) to the creation of diversified binding formats that ranged from scrolls to butterfly to concertina and wrapped-back bindings.
02
(2022秋·江西南昌·高三校联考期中)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the Chinese lunar calendar, Sanfu, also called the dog days, refers to the three 10-day periods that are predicted to be the 11 (hot) days of the year, which are called Toufu, Zhongfu and Mofu.
Sanfu usually comes between mid-July to mid-August. It is said that 12 (receive) Sanfutie during the hottest summer days is 13 (benefit) for our health. Many people regard it 14 an effective solution for winter ills in summer. The treatment is based on the principle of yin and yang, 15 believes the balance of both elements in the body is vital for good health.
People eat differently in this period of time. When the dog days come, people tend 16 (lose) their appetites, and jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, can refresh people’s feelings toward food. Actually jiaozi is an all-time classic, which people eat at Liqiu, the start of autumn, and Dongzhi, the start of winter. The second phase of Sanfu is 17 (traditional) a time for consuming noodles because it 18 (believe) to help people sweat and 19 (relief) internal heat. As Mofu comes, the weather turns cool, and 20 is easy to get cold if a person keeps eating noodles in sweat. People, especially those living in North China, prefer the Chinese egg pancake by custom.
03
(2023·全国·校联考三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A total of 16 Chinese and Italian volunteers, wearing Hanfu, an ancient clothing 21 (traditional) worn by ethnic-majority Han Chinese, 22 (participate) in a parade launched in Venice on Feb. 17, 2023.
The clothing, transported from the Suzhou Silk Museum, was themed of Han, Tang, Song and Ming 23 (dynasty) respectively and well displayed Jiangnan culture and world-known Suzhou silk.
The show attracted lots of young people, most of 24 decided to participate in this initiative, thinking it could be a way to get even 25 (close) to Chinese culture.
The 24-year-old Irene Di Maio, 26 (major) in Chinese in Venice, went to Suzhou to attend a dragon boat festival five years ago. “The event was amazing, especially the part from Suzhou, a city I loved very much. This time I would like 27 (know) more about Hanfu.”
In addition to the clothing show, visitors can also enjoy a series of Chinese cultural activities, including the performance of guzheng, 28 traditional Chinese musical instrument, Hanfu try-ons and calligraphy demonstrations.
Suzhou, considered by the Italian explorer Marco Polo in the 13th century 29 “the Venice of the East”, became a sister city to Venice in 1980, and since then multiple activities of mutual historical and cultural exchange 30 (carry) forward.
04
(2023·湖南邵阳·统考三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Based on the Chinese zodiac (十二生肖), 2023 is the year of the rabbit. The Chinese zodiac has 31 continuous cycle of 12 years. Each year is represented by a zodiac animal. It 32 (base) on astrology (占星术) and was used as a way to count years in the Chinese lunar calendar in ancient times. The rabbit ranks fourth in this 12-year cycle of Chinese zodiac animals. The 12 zodiac animals are rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog and pig.
According to Chinese astrology, each zodiac year is associated 33 one of the five 34 (element): metal, wood, water, fire or earth. 2023 is the year of the water rabbit. A water rabbit year 35 (arise) every 60 years. The year of the rabbit 2023 is a very peaceful year 36 (welcome) with open arms. We need to retreat to a quiet and peaceful place 37 (heal) our wounds and wind down after all we had to endure in the previous year. It is a time 38 we have to keep ourselves in check and not become lazy.
The Chinese horoscope (星象) tells us that the year of the rabbit will be calm and at peace. In Chinese culture, the rabbit is thought to be the 39 (lucky) animal of the 12 animals of the zodiac. It signifies 40 (forgive), grace and beauty.
05
(2023·河北·校联考三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional Fitness Qigong Wins Hearts of Young Chinese
No one could have expected that slow-moving Qigong 41 (become) popular among Chinese young people in the past several years. Short videos of young Chinese doing traditional fitness Qigong have flooded video websites, among 42 a video of Baduanjin has been played for more than 10 million times and received over 6, 000 comments on a video sharing platform targeting young people.
Baduanjin is one of the oldest fitness 43 (method) to stay healthy in China, originally created over 800 years ago during the Song Dynasty. The name refers 44 how the eight individual movements provide a soft quality for the movement of the body.
Compared with more 45 (physical) demanding sports such as the ball games or swimming, Baduanjin is slow and usually accompanied by restful music, so it used to be considered as the sport 46 (intend) for the elders. However, not requiring much space, equipment or time, it’s perfect for office workers, as they often suffer from back and neck pain caused by 47 (sit) in front of computers for hours.
“I’ve been doing Baduanjin for a couple of months, which makes 48 (I) sleep well and get strong,” 49 young netizen commented below the video. “I owe big thanks to Baduanjin as it offers a much 50 (good) lifestyle.”
06
(2023·福建厦门·厦门一中校考模拟预测)阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chief Executive Officer of Beijing Aiqi Technology Yang Zhang has revived the Chinese cultural practice of using the mortise and tenon(榫卯)technique for construction which is on the edge of extinction.
He used the ancient mortise and tenon technique 51 (construct)the Turret of Palace Museum at a 1:81 miniscale. The choice of “Turret of Palace Museum” 52 the theme for the mini building block project 53 (base)on several factors.
54 (situate)in the Forbidden City of Beijing, this architectural treasure boasts the 55 (delicate)design and elegant shape among Chinese royal buildings. It was historically responsible for protecting the palace. The complex layout of the turret posed 56 unprecedented (史无前例的) technical challenge for Zhang and his team of designers and 57 (develop). Unlike conventional building block toys, Zhang aimed to create a model made 58 (entire)of authentic mortise and tenon components. The entire process of design took nearly five years, with hundreds of design iterations and continuous adjustments.
The mortise and tenon technique, 59 is the primary construction method used in ancient Chinese architecture and represents the core of traditional Chinese woodworking, is gaining increasing 60 (recognize)among the public.
参考答案:
1.on 2.are listed 3.featuring 4.collection 5.that/which 6.and 7.a 8.golden 9.made 10.led
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了上海博物馆正在开展的宋元珍本精选展活动。
1.考查介词。句意:目前,上海博物馆的新展览展出了宋朝(960年—1279年)和元朝(1271年—1368年)的古籍,其中约有一半的展品被列为中国的“珍贵古籍”。根据“show”和文章在介绍上海博物馆的展览可推知,此处用固定短语on show,意为“在展出”,作句子的表语,空处应用介词on构成该短语。故填on。
2.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:目前,上海博物馆的新展览展出了宋朝(960年—1279年)和元朝(1271年—1368年)的古籍,其中约有一半的展品被列为中国的“珍贵古籍”。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,and连接前后两个并列句,前面句子时态为一般现在时,此处时态应保持一致,list“列举”和主语about half of the exhibits之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,且主语是复数,be动词应用are。故填are listed。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:上海博物馆宋元珍本精选展将持续至8月13日,特色是66本10世纪至14世纪的珍贵书籍。分析句子可知,句子主干成分完整,空处作句子的伴随状语,feature“以……为特色”和Pages Through the Ages: A Selection of the Song and Yuan Rare Books of the Shanghai Museum逻辑上是主动关系,应用feature的现在分词形式featuring。故填featuring。
4.考查名词。句意:这是该博物馆馆藏古籍的首次大规模展示。分析句子可知,空前有定冠词the,空处作from的宾语,结合句意可知,collect的名词形式collection符合题意,意为“收藏品”,特指上海博物馆的馆藏,应用collection的单数形式。故填collection。
5.考查定语从句。句意:中国考古界有一句俗语,“一页宋版,一两黄金”,指的是这些古籍的重要性和很高的价值。分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词saying,先行词指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
6.考查连词。句意:中国考古界有一句俗语,“一页宋版,一两黄金”,指的是这些古籍的重要性和很高的价值。分析句子可知,空处连接前后两个名词短语the importance和high value of these ancient books,作refers to的宾语,两者之间是并列的关系,表示些古籍的重要性和很高的价值,应用并列连词and。故填and。
7.考查冠词。句意:上海博物馆馆长褚晓波表示,宋元时期是中国文化发展的一个巅峰时期,与此同时,也是中国古籍的黄金时期。结合句意和常识可知,空处表示泛指,意为“一个”,应用不定冠词,且peak以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。
8.考查形容词。句意:上海博物馆馆长褚晓波表示,宋元时期是中国文化发展的一个巅峰时期,与此同时,也是中国古籍的黄金时期。分析句子可知,空处是修饰age的定语,gold的形容词形式golden符合题意,意为“幸福繁荣的”,和age搭配表示“黄金时期”。故填golden。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:这一时期,造纸、油墨制造和雕版印刷技术也有了巨大的进步,它们的迅速发展导致了多种装帧形式的出现,包括卷子装、蝴蝶装、经折装、包背装等。分析句子可知,空处作improvements的后置定语,是非谓语动词,make“进行,做出”和improvements逻辑上是被动关系,且结合句意可知,动作当时已完成,应用make的过去分词形式made。故填made。
10.考查时态。句意:这一时期,造纸、油墨制造和雕版印刷技术也有了巨大的进步,它们的迅速发展导致了多种装帧形式的出现,包括卷子装、蝴蝶装、经折装、包背装等。分析句子可知,空处作句子的谓语,and连接前后两个并列句,前面句子时态为一般过去时,此处时态应保持一致,应用lead的过去式led。故填led。
11.hottest 12.receiving 13.beneficial 14.as 15.which 16.to lose 17.traditionally 18.is believed 19.relieve 20.it
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“三伏天”以及相关的习俗。
11.考查最高级。句意:在中国农历中,三伏天,也被称为 the dog days,指的是预计一年中最热的三个10天,分别被称为“头伏天”、“中伏天”和“末伏天”。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最热的”可知应用最高级hottest。故填hottest。
12.考查非谓语动词。句意:据说在最热的夏天用三伏帖对我们的健康有益。作从句的主语,应用动名词形式。故填receiving。
13.考查形容词。句意:据说在最热的夏天用三伏帖对我们的健康有益。作表语,应用形容词beneficial。故填beneficial。
14.考查介词。句意:许多人认为这是夏季治疗冬病的有效方法。短语regard as表示“把......视为”。故填as。
15.考查定语从句。句意:这种疗法基于阴阳原理,认为身体中两种元素的平衡对身体健康至关重要。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the principle of yin and yang,在从句中作主语,指物,故填which。
16.考查非谓语动词。句意:当三伏天到来时,人们往往会失去食欲,而饺子或煮熟的饺子可以刷新人们对食物的感觉。此处为短语tend to表示“往往……”。故填to lose。
17.考查副词。句意:传统上,三伏年的第二阶段是吃面条的时间,因为人们认为面条可以帮助人们排汗和解暑。修饰句子应用副词traditionally,作状语。故填traditionally。
18.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:传统上,三伏年的第二阶段是吃面条的时间,因为人们认为面条可以帮助人们排汗和解暑。表示“据信”短语为it be believed to,陈述客观事实用一般现在时,谓语用单数。故填is believed。
19.考查固定短语。句意:传统上,三伏年的第二阶段是吃面条的时间,因为人们认为面条可以帮助人们排汗和解暑。此处为短语help sb. do sth.短语,表示“帮助某人做某事”。故填relieve。
20.考查代词。句意:末伏来了,天气变凉了,如果一个人一直冒着汗吃面条,很容易感冒。此处为it be adj.to do sth.句型,it作形式主语,不定式为真正主语,故填it。
21.traditionally 22.participated 23.dynasties 24.whom 25.closer 26.majoring 27.to know 28.a 29.as 30.have been carried
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统服装——汉服亮相威尼斯狂欢节,说明了中外文化交流的不断加深。
21.考查副词。句意:2023年2月17日,共有16名中国和意大利志愿者身穿汉服参加了在威尼斯举行的游行,汉服是中国占多数的汉族的传统服饰。空处修饰动词worn,应该用副词作状语,故填traditionally。
22.考查动词时态。句意同上。空处是句子的谓语部分,根据时间状语“on Feb. 17, 2023”判断应该填动词过去式。故填participated。
23.考查名词复数。句意:这些服装来自苏州丝绸博物馆,分别以汉、唐、宋、明为主题,很好地展示了江南文化和闻名世界的苏州丝绸。dynasty朝代,是可名词,该空表示“四个朝代”,故填名词复数。故填dynasties。
24.考查定语从句。句意:这个节目吸引了很多年轻人,他们中的大多数人决定参加这个活动,认为这可能是一种更接近中国文化的方式。分析结构可知,此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词是people,指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词whom,故填whom。
25.考查形容词的比较级。句意同上。get close to是固定短语,结合句意以及前面的even可知,此处应用形容词比较级closer。故填closer。
26.考查非谓语动词。句意:24岁的Irene Di Maio在威尼斯学习中文,五年前她去苏州参加了一个端午节。went是句子的谓语,判断设空处应该用非谓语形式,动词major和逻辑主语Irene Di Maio之间是主谓关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。故填majoring。
27.考查非谓语动词。句意:这次我想多了解一下汉服。would like to do sth想要做某事,故此处用不定式作宾语,故填to know。
28.考查不定冠词。句意:除了服装表演,游客们还可以欣赏到一系列的中国文化活动,包括中国传统乐器古筝表演、汉服试穿和书法示范。instrument是可数名词,此处是名词短语作同位语,泛指“一种中国传统乐器”,故填a。
29.考查介词。句意:苏州,13世纪被意大利探险家马可波罗誉为“东方威尼斯”的苏州,于1980年与威尼斯成为友好城市,此后开展了多项历史文化交流活动。固定搭配consider... as意为“认为……是”。故填as。
30.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。根据句意以及时间状语since then判断题空处应该用现在完成时的被动语态,又因主语是activities,故填have been carried。
31.a 32.was based 33.with 34.elements 35.arises 36.welcomed 37.to heal 38.when 39.luckiest 40.forgiveness
【导语】本文为说明文。中国的十二生肖是以12年为一个连续的周期。2023年是兔年,兔年是非常平和的一年,所有人都张开双臂欢迎。
31.考查冠词。句意:中国的十二生肖以12年为一个连续的周期。此处泛指一个连续的周期,所以用不定冠词,且continuous发音是以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。
32.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:它基于占星术,在古代被用作一种计算中国农历年和小时的方法。be based on意为“以……为基础”,句子缺少谓语动词,it与base之间为被动关系,主语单数,谓语单数形式;同时句子时间为 ancient times这一过去的事实,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was based。
33.考查介词。句意:根据中国占星术,每个生肖年都与五种元素中的一种有关:金、木、水、火或土。固定短语:be associated with表示“与……有关”。故填with。
34.考查名词复数。句意:根据中国占星术,每个生肖年都与五种元素中的一种有关:金、木、水、火或土。根据设空前five,应用可数名词element的复数的形式。故填elements。
35.考查时态。句意:水兔年每60年出现一次。陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,arise是不及物动词,主语为A water rabbit year,谓语用三单形式。故填arises。
36.考查非谓语动词。句意:2023年兔年是非常平和的一年,所有人都张开双臂迎接兔年。分析句子结构可知welcome与逻辑主语year构成被动关系,故应用过去分词表被动含义。故填welcomed。
37.考查非谓语动词。句意:我们需要退到一个安静祥和的地方来抚平我们的创伤,在经历了前一年的种种之后放松一下。分析句子结合句意可知,此处表示目的,应用不定式to heal作目的状语。故填to heal。
38.考查定语从句。句意:这是一个我们必须自我约束的时期,不要变得懒惰。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是限定性定语从句,先行词为a time,关系词在从句中作状语,应用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。
39.考查形容词最高级。句意:在中国文化中,兔子被认为是十二生肖中最幸运的动物。根据空前the和后面12种动物范围可知,此处表示最幸运的动物,应用形容词最高级作定语。故填luckiest。
40.考查名词。句意:它象征着宽恕、优雅和美丽。根据后面and并列结构可知应用forgive的名词形式作宾语,为不可数名词。故填forgiveness。
41.has become 42.which 43.methods 44.to 45.physically 46.intended 47.sitting 48.me 49.a 50.better
【导语】这是一篇说明文,介绍了八段锦的起源、特点、在当下中国年轻人群中的火热程度及其原因。
41.考查时态。句意:在过去的几年里,没有人会想到动作缓慢的气功会在中国年轻人中流行起来。空处为句子谓语动词,根据时间状语in the past several years可知应用现在完成时,主语slow-moving Qigong表示单数概念,且与 become 是主谓关系,故填 has become。
42.考查定语从句。句意:中国年轻人做传统健身气功的短视频充斥着视频网站,其中八段锦的视频已经被播放了1000多万次,在一个针对年轻人的视频共享平台上获得了6000多条评论。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为 Short videos,关系词在从句中作介词 among 的宾语,应用关系代词which和among构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,故填which。
43.考查名词的数。句意:八段锦是中国最古老的健身方法之一,始于800多年前的宋代。此处为“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,表示“最……的……之一”,故填methods。
44.考查介词。句意:这个名字指的是八个单独的动作如何为身体的运动提供柔和的技能。refer to“指的是”是固定短语。故填to。
45.考查副词。句意:与球赛或游泳等体力要求更高的运动相比,八段锦运动速度较慢,通常伴随着宁静的音乐,因此它过去被认为是老年人的运动。空处应用副词作状语修饰后面的形容词demanding,故填 physically。
46.考查非谓语动词。句意:与球赛或游泳等体力要求更高的运动相比,八段锦运动速度较慢,通常伴随着宁静的音乐,因此它过去被认为是老年人的运动。be intended for“特意为……而准备”是固定短语,此处是非谓语形式作定语修饰名词sport,sport和动词intend之间相当于是被动关系,所以应该用过去分词作后置定语,修饰名词sport。故填intended。
47.考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,它不需要太多的空间、设备或时间,非常适合上班族,因为他们经常因坐在电脑前数小时而感到背部和颈部疼痛。空处在介词by后,应用动名词形式作宾语,故填sitting。
48.考查代词。句意:一位年轻的网友在视频下面评论道:“我已经做了几个月的八段锦了,这让我睡得很好,变得很强壮。”动词makes后应用人称代词宾格形式。故填me。
49.考查冠词。句意:一位年轻的网友在视频下面评论道:“我已经做了几个月的八段锦了,这让我睡得很好,变得很强壮。”netizen“网民”是可数名词,此处泛指“一位年轻的网民”,且young的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
50.考查比较级。句意:“我非常感谢八段锦,因为它提供了更好的生活方式。”此处应填形容词作定语,结合语境和副词much可知,此处应用比较级。故填better。
51.to construct 52.as 53.was based 54.Situated 55.most delicate 56.an 57.developers 58.entirely 59.which 60.recognition
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了北京爱奇科技首席执行官杨章复兴了中国文化中濒临消失的榫卯建筑技术。
51.考查非谓语动词。句意:他采用古代的榫卯技术,按1:81的比例建造了故宫的角楼。use...to do...是固定搭配,意为“用……做……”。故填to construct。
52.考查介词。句意:选择“故宫角楼”作为迷你积木项目的主题是基于几个因素。表示“作为”,后跟名词作宾语,应用介词as。故填as。
53.考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:选择“故宫角楼”作为迷你积木项目的主题是基于几个因素。表示“基于……”短语为be based on,描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时,主语为The choice of “Turret of Palace Museum” as the theme for the mini building block project,谓语用单数形式。故填was based。
54.考查非谓语动词。句意:这座建筑瑰宝位于北京紫禁城,拥有中国皇家建筑中最精致的设计和最优雅的造型。分析句子结构可知situate与逻辑主语this architectural treasure构成被动关系,故用过去分词作状语,首字母大写。故填Situated。
55.考查最高级。句意:这座建筑瑰宝位于北京紫禁城,拥有中国皇家建筑中最精致的设计和最优雅的造型。根据上文定冠词以及句意“最精致”可知应用最高级,在delicate前加most。故填most delicate。
56.考查冠词。句意:炮塔的复杂布局对张和他的设计和开发团队提出了前所未有的技术挑战。可数名词challenge在句中表示“一个挑战”,泛指,空格后单词unprecedented发音以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
57.考查名词。句意:炮塔的复杂布局对张和他的设计和开发团队提出了前所未有的技术挑战。根据上文designers and可知应用复数名词developers,作宾语。故填developers。
58.考查副词。句意:与传统的积木玩具不同,张的目标是创造一个完全由真实的榫卯组件组成的模型。修饰动词made,用副词entirely作状语,意为“完全地”。故填entirely。
59.考查定语从句。句意:榫卯技术是中国古代建筑的主要施工方法,代表了中国传统木工的核心,越来越受到公众的认可。分析句子可知,空格处为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词The mortise and tenon technique,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
60.考查名词。句意:榫卯技术是中国古代建筑的主要施工方法,代表了中国传统木工的核心,越来越受到公众的认可。提示词作宾语,用名词recognition,意为“认可”,不可数名词。故填recognition。