中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit1 A New Start
(二)Grammar
Sentence components & Sentence pattern
Common sentence components and their functions
1.主语：动作发出者
2.谓语：主语发出的动作
3.宾语：动作的承受者
4.定语：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征
5.补语：补充说明主语或宾语
6.状语：表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、程度、比较和伴随成分
Sentence pattern classification
S1： “主语＋谓语(不及物动词)”“主语＋系动词＋表语”结构 They left.
S2： “主语＋系动词＋表语”结构 My name is Amy.
S3： “主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语” They bought a house.
S4： “主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语” My mum brought me a new dictionary.
S5： “主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语” The teacher found the classroom empty.
主+谓
特点: 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面不用接宾语。但是可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 e.g. Time flies. They have gone.
S（主语） 1. The moon 2. The man 3. We all 4. Everybody 5. I 6. They 7. He 8. He 9. They V（谓语：不及物动词） rises. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday. is playing. (!) have gone. (!)
练习1：分析句子成分
1. Your father is standing there. 主谓
2. His teacher came in with a book in his hand.主谓+补
3. The bus started and arrived there at 8 a.m.主谓+状
4. Flowers come out in spring.主谓+状
5. The plane has already left.主谓
6. Is the baby dog sleeping 主谓
练习2：中译英
昨天发生了事故。An accident happened yesterday.
你唱的好。You sing well.
她正在哭。She is crying.
主＋系＋表
特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。 e.g. Mr. Brown is an English teacher. 系动词六类 1)状态类：be（am, is, are, was, were） 2)感官类：look, feel, smell, taste, sound 3)变化类：get, grow, become, turn, go 4)持续类：keep, remain, stay, stand 5)表象类：seem, appear, look 6)终止类：prove, turn out
S主语 V(系动词) P表语
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The weather 7. His face is 是 tastes 尝起来 feels 感觉 looks 看起来 is 是 becomes 变得 turns 转变 an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. warmer. red.
练习1：分析句子结构
1) His parents are in the kitchen now.
2) You looked happy yesterday.
3) This song doesn’t sound beautiful.
4) Did your father get angry
练习2：找出下列句子中的表语
1.The old man was feeling very tired.
2.Why is he worried
3.The leaves have turned yellow.
4.They all became interested in the subject.
5.She was the first to learn about it.
3. 主＋谓＋宾
特点：谓语动词都具有实义，通常是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，所以必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。 e.g. My brother didn’t do his homework.
S主语 V实义动词 O宾语
1. Who 2. She 3. He knows (know) laughed (laugh) at understands the answer her yesterday. English.
练习1：分析句子结构
People all over the world/ speak/ English.
How many new words（宾语） did you(主语) learn(谓语) last class
They/ don't know/ who "Father Christmas" is.
Some of the students in the school/ want/ to go swimming.
The old man/ said/ he was ill.
You/ will find/ it/ when you get home.
4. 主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 （不详细展开）
特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。 这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 e.g. She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me. 间接宾语放后面时要在其前加“to”或“for”
5. 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。可以用做补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。 e.g. Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）
主语 及物动词 宾语 宾补
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We keep painted call found makes saw the table the door supper the house him him clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad out.
拓展1：形式宾语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时，为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子末尾。此时it只起引导作用，无意义。
1）I still find it hard to make good friends with her.
2）We thought it no use doing that.
3）Didn't I make it clear to you that I would not come here again
练习1：中译英。
我发现戒烟很困难。I find it difficult to give up smoking.
她认为担心他没用。She thinks it no use worrying about him.
练习2：完成结构图
（总表）
主语+谓语动词+it + adj np + to do doing
（细分表）
find possible 主语+ think + it + necessary + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause feel important
a rule 主语+ 谓语动词 + it + one’s duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause an honour
no good 主语 + 谓语动词 + it + + doing sth. no use
拓展2：形式主语
由于主语从句过长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。
常用结构1）It is + adj + (for sb.) + to do sth. (e.g. It is necessary for us to keep healthy.)
2）It is + n. + that从句 (e.g. It is a pity that he can’t come.)
巩固练习：分析句子结构
1.They work hard. 主谓宾
2.The flower becomes beautiful.主系表
3.Plants need water.主谓宾
4.He gives me some seeds.主谓间宾直宾
5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主谓宾宾补
6.He made it clear that he would leave the city．主谓宾宾补
7.He kept me a dictionary. 主谓间宾直宾
8.We find the book very interesting. 主谓宾宾补
9.You must listen to her.主谓宾
10.Learning new words is very useful .主系表
11.The boy in the classroom sat there quietly. 主谓
12.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation/ took/ firm action/ to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl.
13.It/ highlights/ the whole adventure and offers/ a place where you can sit down to rest yourself.（并列）
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit1 A New Start
(二)Grammar
Sentence components & Sentence pattern
Common sentence components and their functions(概念定义见P7)
1.__________：动作发出者
2.__________：主语发出的动作
3.__________：动作的承受者
4.__________：用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征
5.__________：补充说明主语或宾语
6.__________：表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目的、程度、比较和伴随成分
Sentence pattern classification
S1： _________________ They left.
S2： _________________ My name is Amy.
S3： _________________ They bought a house.
S4： _________________ My mum brought me a new dictionary.
S5： _________________ The teacher found the classroom empty.
主+谓
特点: 句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做_____________，后面不用接__________。但是可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 e.g. Time flies. They have gone.
S（主语） 1. The moon 2. The man 3. We all 4. Everybody 5. I 6. They 7. He 8. He 9. They V（谓语：不及物动词） rises. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday. is playing. (!) have gone. (!)
练习1：分析句子成分
1. Your father is standing there.
2. His teacher came in with a book in his hand.
3. The bus started and arrived there at 8 a.m.
4. Flowers come out in spring.
5. The plane has already left.
6. Is the baby dog sleeping
练习2：中译英
昨天发生了事故。________________________________________
你唱的很优美。________________________________________
她正在哭。_________________________________________
主＋系＋表
特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明_________________的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做__________。 e.g. Mr. Brown is an English teacher. 系动词六类 1)____类：be（am, is, are, was, were） 2)____类：look, feel, smell, taste, sound 3)____类：get, grow, become, turn, go 4)____类：keep, remain, stay, stand 5)____类：seem, appear, look 6)____类：prove, turn out
S主语 V(系动词) P表语
1. This 2. The dinner 3. He 4. Everything 5. He 6. The weather 7. His face _____ 是 _____ 尝起来 _____ 感觉 _____ 看起来 _____ 是 _____ 变得 _____ 转变 an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. warmer. red.
练习1：分析句子结构
1) His parents are in the kitchen now.
2) You looked happy yesterday.
3) This song doesn’t sound beautiful.
4) Did your father get angry
练习2：找出下列句子中的表语
1.The old man was feeling very tired.
2.Why is he worried
3.The leaves have turned yellow.
4.They all became interested in the subject.
5.She was the first to learn about it.
3. 主＋谓＋宾
特点：谓语动词都具有实义，通常是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，所以必须跟有一个_____，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做___________。 e.g. My brother didn’t do his homework.
S主语 V实义动词 O宾语
1. Who 2. She 3. He ________ (know) ________ (laugh) at ________ (understand) the answer her yesterday. English.
练习1：分析句子结构
People all over the world speak English.
How many new words did you learn last class
They don't know who "Father Christmas" is.
Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.
The old man said he was ill.
You will find it when you get home.
4. 主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 （不详细展开）
特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。 这两个宾语一个是动作的__________，另一个是动作的___________。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。 e.g. She gave me her telephone number. She gave her telephone number to me. 间接宾语放后面时要在其前加“to”或“for”
5. 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。可以用做补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语等。 e.g. Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）
主语 及物动词 宾语 宾补
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We keep painted call found makes saw the table the door supper the house him him clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad out.
拓展1：形式宾语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句子中作宾语时，为保持平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在_______。此时it只起引导作用，无意义。
1）I still find it hard to make good friends with her.
2）We thought it no use doing that.
3）Didn't I make it clear to you that I would not come here again
练习1：中译英。
我发现戒烟很困难。__________________________________
她认为担心他没用。__________________________________
练习2：完成结构图
（总表）
主语+谓语动词+it + +
（细分表）
find possible 主语+ think + it + necessary + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause feel important
a rule 主语+ 谓语动词 + it + one’s duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause an honour
no good 主语 + 谓语动词 + it + + doing sth. no use
拓展2：形式主语
由于主语从句过长，为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末。
常用结构1）It is + adj + (for sb.) + to do sth. (e.g. It is necessary for us to keep healthy.)
2）It is + n. + that从句 (e.g. It is a pity that he can’t come.)
巩固练习：分析句子结构
1.They work hard.
2.The flower becomes beautiful.
3.Plants need water.
4.He gives me some seeds.
5.We should keep the plants in the shade.
6.He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7.He kept me a dictionary.
8.We find the book very interesting.
9.You must listen to her.
10.Learning new words is very useful .
11.The boy in the classroom sat there quietly .
12.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl.
13.It highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest yourself.
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