2023年牛津译林版英语八年级上册暑假预习讲义Unit 4 Do it yourself

暑假预习——8A Unit 4 Do it yourself
知识点
Welcome to the unit
1、Here are clear instructions. 这里有清楚的说明。
instruction 可数名词，意为“指示，说明”，通常用复数形式instructions.
Always read the instructions before you start.
2、You'd better get some tools. 你最好去拿些工具来。
'd better是 had better 的缩略形式。had better意为“最好”，后面必须跟动词原形。用于表示对别人的劝告、建议。
You had better read the book.
3、No problem!没问题!
no problem 意为“没问题”，可用来表示同意或愉快地答应对方的请求。
--- Could you post the letter for me ---No problem.
[拓展] No problem.还可以用于以下情境:
①回答感谢，意为“不用谢，别客气”。
---Thank you very much. ---No problem.
②回答道歉，意为“没关系;没什么”。
---I' m sorry to keep you waiting too long. ---No problem.
③表示有能力做某事，意为“没问题;不在话下”
---Can you finish the work in an hour ---No problem.
4. What's DIY exactly, Suzy DIY确切地说是什么，苏西
exactly 副词，意为“确切地，精确地”。其形容词为exact,意为“确切的，精确的”。
His answer is exactly right.
It was difficult to tell her exact age.
5. It stands for “do-it-yourself” . 它代表“自己动手做”。
stand for 意为“代表，象征”。
The dove stands for peace. 鸽子象征着和平。
6. you make, repair or decorate things yourself instead of paying someone to do it.....你自己制作、修补或装饰东西，而不是付钱让某人做这些(事情)
【辨析】repair, fix, mend三个词都含有“修理、修补”的意思，有时可以通用，但也有些区别。
1）repair的对象范围很广，从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定损坏或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。
2）mend的意思是恢复某物原来的样子（包括用针、线来缝补），一般指较小之物。
3）fix用于需要重新“调”物体的结构,把松散的部件固定结实，将分离的物体各部分装配起来。用于美国口语中，与repair无多大区别。
【举一反三】
China will spend about 52 billion yuan______ new airports and______ old ones in the west of China in the next Five-Year Plan period(时期）.
A. repairing ; building B. to build; repair C. building; repairing D. to repairs; build
decorate此处作及物动词，意为“装饰”。
decorate sth.with...意为“用...装饰某物”。
We usually decorate our walls and windows with paper cutting at the Spring Festival.
[辨析] instead of与instead
instead of 介词短语，意为“而不 是,代替” 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，一般置于句首或句中，否定of后的内容。
instead 副词，意为“反而，代替” 常用于句首或句末，位于句首时其后常用逗号，肯定instead所在句的内容。
[注意]instead of与instead可进行同义句转换。
She went swimming instead of playing basketball. =She didn't play basketball. She went swimming instead.
7. I enjoy making something new.我喜欢制作新东西。
形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置something new意为“新的事物”，其中something 是不定代词，new是形容词，形容词修饰something,anything，nothing等不定代词时要后置。
There is something new in today s newspaper.
I have something important to tell you.
[中考链接]
1）---Would you like ______ to eat ---Yes, please.
A. anything delicious B. delicious anything C. something delicious
8. It says,"Do it yourself”. 说明上写着"自己动手做”。
本句中的“it says”意思是“那上面说或'写着”，这是一种特殊的语言表达方式。
It may be necessary to put up a notice saying “Keep off".
【拓展】say和告示、通告搭配使用也表示文字材料“说或写着”，另外，read除了用人作主语，表示“阅读”之外，还可以用有文字的东西做主语，表示“被阅读”读起来“写着”“内容是”。
Look, On the top of the car is a sign that reads：student driver.
【举一反三】
--What should I do first
--The instructions_______ that you should mix milk with water carefully first.
A. speak B. tell C. write D. say
Reading
1、My cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY.我的表兄安德鲁对DIY着迷。
crazy此处用作形容词，意为“着迷的，狂热的，发疯的”。
be crazy about意为“对...着迷”，其中about是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。
Tom is crazy about music.
2、He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom, but he made a mistake.他曾经试图在他的卧室里安装一盏更亮的灯，但是他犯了个错误。
（1）once此处用作副词，意为“曾经，一度”，常与过去时连用，位于连系动词be、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。
This film was once very popular, but nobody see sit now.
[拓展] once作副词，还可意为“一次;一回”。
We go to see my grandparents once a week.
（2）put in意为“安装”
They will put in new windows.
[中考链接]
Andrew once tried to ______ a brighter light in his bedroom, but he failed in the end.
A. put in B. put on C. put out D. put up
（3）make a mistake意为 “犯错误;弄错”，还可表示为make mistakes。
mistake是可数名词，意为“错误，失误”。表示“....方面犯错误”用make mistakes/a mistake in...
He made many mistakes in his spelling.
by mistake意为“错误地，无意地”。
Sorry, I took your bag by mistake.
3、Another time, he wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall, but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water.还有一次，他想在他的卧室的墙上挂幅画，但是他敲裂了水管，弄得房间里到处都是水。
（1）put up动词短语，意为“挂起，张贴，举起，搭建”。此短语为“动词+副词”结构，当名词作宾语时，名词可位于put与up之间，也可位于up之后;当人称代词作宾语时，人称代词只能位于put与up之间。
[拓展] put 的常见短语：
put on穿上，戴上，上演
put out伸出，扑灭
put away收起来，收好
put off推迟，拖延
（2）fill..with... 意为“用...填充...”。其中fill用作及物动词，意为“使充满”。
He filled the glass with water.
[拓展] be filled with相当于be full of，意为“装满...充满...”
The schoolbag is filled with books.=The schoolbag is full of books.
【举一反三】
There should be something________ your stocking _______.
A. to fill ;/ B. to fill;with C. full;of D. to fill; of
4、Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor.现在客厅里不仅墙壁是蓝色的，连天花板和地板也是蓝色的。
not only...but also... 用于连接两个并列成分，着重强调后者，其中的also通常可省略，意为“不但...而且...，不仅...还...”。
Jim is good at not only singing but also dancing.
[拓展]
①not only...but also...连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的形式与其靠近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。
Not only you but also he has to leave now.
②not only...but also..变为否定句时，应将not only...but also...换成neither...no... (既不... 也不...) ,谓语动词的形式仍然遵循“就近原则”。
Neither you nor I am interested in playing computer games.
5、When I wanted a shelf above my bed, he said, ' No problem!"当我想要在我的床上方安装一个架子时,他说:“没问题!"
[辨析] above, over与on
三个词都可意为“在...之上”。
Above 两物体不接触，多用于不垂直的“上方”，反义词是below
Over 两物体不接触，多用于垂直的“正上方”，与under互为反义词
On 一物体在另一物体的表面上，与物体表面接触
6、They couldn't stay there because one end of the shelf was much higher than the other!它们无法摆在上面，因为架子的一端比另一端高得多!
（1）one...the other..意为“ (两者中的)一个 ...另一个 ...”.
I have two brothers. One is a teacher and the other is doctor.
（2）shelf 可数名词，意为“(橱柜或书架等的)架子，搁板”,其复数形式为shelves。
7、I bought some books about DIY for him and I also advised him to take a course in DIY.我给他买了些关于DIY的书，我也建议他学习DIY课程。
advise 及物动词，意为“建议”
①advise doing sth.“建议做某事”
He advised leaving early.
②advise sb. ( not ) to do sth. “建议某人(不要)做某事”
He advised me to buy a computer.
③advise sb. against doing sth. “劝告某人不要做某事”
He advised her against going out at night.
[拓展] advice 不可数名词，意为“建议:劝告，
Please give me some advice.
8、But this just made him angry ----he says he already knows everything about it但这只能使他生气 他说他对DIY已经无所不知了。
already 副词，意为“已经”，一般用于肯定句中，用于疑问句时表示惊讶的语气。
They continued working, though it was already midnight.
[拓展] yet 副词，意为“尚，还”,常用于否定句或疑问句中。
It isn't time to go yet.还没到走的时候。
9、So instead,l am reading all the books myself and attending lessons every Saturday. 因此，反倒是我自己在读所有的这些书，并且每周六去去上课。
attend此处用作及物动间意为“经常去，定期”(某处)”。
We'd like as many people as possible to attend.
Grammar
1. begin your work without reading them. 没有阅读就开始你的工作。
without 介词，意为“没有，无”，后可接名词、代词或动名词，其反义词是with。
Man can’t live without water.
She entered the room without knocking on/at the door.
2. Sometimes it’ll take time to do a DIY job. 有时做一项DIY工作会花费时间。
辨析：sometimes，some times，sometime与some time
sometimes 有时，不时 副词，表示动作发生的频率，相当于at times 用how often提问
some times 几次，几倍 time是可数名词，意为“次数，倍” 用how many times提问
sometime 在某一时候 副词，表示过去或将来一个不确切的时间 用when提问
some time 一段时间 其中time为不可数名词，意为“时间” 用how long提问
Sometimes I go to school by bike.
We have met some times before.
Maybe we’ll meet sometime next year.
3. We add do not/don’t in front of a verb when we want to tell people not to do something.当我们想告诉人们不要做某事时，我们在动词前面加do not或don’t。
tell sb. to do sth. 意为“告诉某人做某事”.
其否定形式是tell sb. not to do sth. 意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。
Tell him not to come tomorrow.
①tell后常跟双宾语，即tell sb. sth.=tell sth. to sb. 意为“告诉某人某事”。
Did you tell her the news = Did you tell the news to her
②有关tell的常用短语：
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
tell a story 讲故事 tell a joke 讲笑话 tell a lie 说谎 tell the truth 说实话
Integrated skills &Study skills
1. Mix them together. 把它们混合在一起。
mix此处用作及物动词，意为“混合”。mix...together“把……混合在一起”，mix up“混合在一起；弄乱”，mix...with...“把……和……混合”。
Mix the butter and sugar together.
Someone mixed up all the forms.
We can’t mix oil with water.
2. For example, mixing red apples, green pears, purple grapes and oranges together will make the salad look very colourful. 例如，把红色的苹果，绿色的梨，紫色的葡萄和橘子混合在一起，这样会使沙拉看起来非常鲜艳。
辨析：for example与such as
两者都意为“例如”，但用法上有区别。
for example 常只列举同类人或事物中的一个例子，在句中作插入语 可置于句首，句中或句末
such as 常用于列举同类人或事物中的几个例子 置于被列举的事物与前面的 名词之间
He, for example, is a good student.
He knows four languages, such as Chinese and English.
3. Prepare the fruit salad just before you are going to eat it. 在你打算吃之前准备水果沙拉。
prepare此处为及物动词，意为“准备”，后接名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。prepare还可作不及物动词，主要有以下用法：
①prepare sth. 准备某事
Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office.
②prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
She prepared a nice breakfast for us.
③prepare to do sth. 准备做某事，相当于get ready to do sth.
They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.
④prepare for sth. 为某事做准备，相当于get ready for
The students are preparing for the exam.
4. Can we stop cleaning the house and make some food 我们可以停止打扫房子去做些食物吗
辨析：stop doing sth.与stop to do sth.
stop doing sth “停止做某事” 表示停止正在做的事情
stop to do sth. “停下来去做某事” 表示停止正在做的事情而去做动词不定式所表示的事情
Stop talking, please. Let’s sing an English song.
We are tired. Let’s stop to have a rest.
5. Do you know how to fix the bicycle, Andy 你知道怎样修理自行车吗，安迪
fix 及物动词，意为“修理，修补”。
The workers are fixing the machine.
辨析：fix与repair
侧重于“安装”，有时用来指“修补”或“整理”东西
fix 侧重于“安装”，有时用来指“修补”或“整理”东西
repair 侧重于修理大件或较复杂的东西，如房屋、车辆、桥梁等
My watch is broken. Can you fix it
The man is repairing a car.
Task
1. so I decided to make her a birthday card by myself.因此我决定自己为她制作一张生日卡片。
decide此处用作及物动词，意为“决定”，后跟名词、代词、动词不定式或从句等。其名词形式为decision.
She decided to live in London.
decide与make up one’s mind辨析
①decide指经过思考、询问或讨论后做出判断或决定去做某事。
She decided to catch up with others.
②make up one’s mind意为“下定决心做某事”，表示不再犹豫不决。
She made up her mind to work hard.
2. When I completed the card, there was paint on everything.当我完成这张卡片时，在所有的东西上都有颜料。
complete 及物动词，意为“完成”，与finish同义。
The pupil completed his homework early in the morning.
【拓展】complete还可用作形容词，意为“完整的；整个的”。
Please tell me your complete address.
3. Putting together a piece of furniture. 组装一件家具。
furniture不可数名词，意为“家具”。其数量的表达可借助于piece.
The furniture is too old.
4. I also cut out a picture of colourful balloon and stuck it on the cover.我还剪了一张彩色的气球图画，把它粘贴在封面上。
(1)cut out 意为“剪出”，常表示剪出某种形状，该短语是“动词+副词”结构，当名词作宾语时，名词放于cut与out之间或out后都可以；但当人称代词作宾语时，人称代词只能放于cut与out之间。
The children are cutting out some squares.
【拓展】cut的常见短语：
cut up 切碎 cut...into... 把……切成…… cut down 减少
cut in 插嘴 cut off 切掉
(2) stick 此处用作动词，意为“粘住，粘贴”，过去式为stuck.
stick sth.on/to sth.把某物粘到某物上。
Please stick the stamp on the envelope.
【拓展】stick作动词时，还意为“刺，戳，插”。
Tom is sticking a pin into a board.
(3) cover 此处用作可数名词，意为“封面；盖子，罩”。
The book needs a new cover.
5. Keep trying , and you will find you can remember things better. 继续努力，你会发现你可以更好地记住事物。
本句中有“Keep trying and you will..”这个句式结构，用并列连同and连接祈使句和will句式，表示“做某事后你就会怎样”。
Leave it with him and he will see what I can do.
Think hard and you'll find a way.
【拓展】祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词and来连 接：如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词or来连接。
Hurry up, or we'll be late for school.
【举一反三】
Lily,_______ the door or someone will come in.
A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing
6. I am certain that I can fix it myself .我确信我自己能够修理 我的自行车。
be certain that…意思是“对做某事确信或 有把握”。
I can be certain that his health will recover.
You may be certain that he is honest.
【拓展】be certain to do肯定有把握做…
be certain( uncertain)of/about 对…有把握（无把握）
be certain+从句 确信…
make certain (of)把… 弄清楚
It is certain that...确信 …
语法点
祈使句
祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议或叮嘱的句子。
Be quiet，please!
Don’t be late again!
1．祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。
2．祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头，祈使句的末尾用句号或感叹号。
Be careful，or you’ll make mistakes．
Put on your coat，my dear son!
3．祈使句的否定形式一般是在动词原形前加don’t，构成“Don’t+动词原形+其他”结构。
Don’t be late for the meeting!
Don’t open the window．It’s too cold outside．
4．为了显得更为客气和礼貌，常在祈使句中加please。当please放在句末时，须用逗号与其余部分隔开。
Please pass me the ball．
Open the window，please．
5. 基本结构：
肯定句式主要有三种形式：
①Do型 (行为动词原形+其他)
Sit down!
②Be型 (Be+表语，如名词、形容词)
Be quiet!
③Let型 (Let+人称代词宾格+动词原形+其他成分)
Let me help you.
用should和had better提建议
should和had better都是情态动词，都可以用于给他人提建议，表示“应该”或“最好”做某事。
1．should表“建议”
(1)should意为“应该”，后跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，由时间状语或上下文来决定现在、过去或将来。
You should do your homework more carefully．
He should be back in three days．
(2)should的否定形式是should not或shouldn’t；疑问式是将should提到句子开头；反意疑问部分应为“should／shouldn’t+主语”。
一You shouldn’t come here alone again．
一 Should we discuss it at once
一Yes，you should．
You shouldn’t make noise in class，should you
2．had better表“建议”
(1)had better可缩写为’d better，后跟动词原形，表示现在或将来，没有人称和数的变化。
You’d better clean your room every day．
(2)had better的否定形式是had better not；疑问式是将had放在主语之前；在反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分用“had／hadn’t+主语”。
We’d better riot stay at home．
You’d better come to see me，hadn’t you