2023年牛津译林版英语八年级上册暑假预习讲义 Unit 1 Friends（无答案）

暑假预习——8A Unit 1 Friends
知识点
Welcome to the unit
1. Do you want some
Can I have something to drink
some/something 为不定代词，一般用于肯定句中，变为否定句时要将some/something改为any/anything。
但some/something 亦可用于表达请求、建议或希望得到对方肯定回答的一般疑问句中。
any也同样可以用于肯定句中，表示“任何”的含义。
【举一反三】
1）--- Is there _________ in today's newspaper --- Yes, there is.
A. something interesting B. interesting something
C. anything interesting D. interesting anything
2）I think ______ can make Andy change his mind. He is such a person who never gives up easily.
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
3.）---The story is amazing! It's the most interesting story I've ever read.
--- But I'm afraid it won't be liked by ________.
A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody.
4）---The story is terrible! It's the most disgusting(恶心的) story I've ever read.
--- I agree with you. It won't be liked by __________.
A. somebody B. everybody C. anybody D. nobody
2. Can I have some more food 我能吃更多食物吗？
more: 更多，much,many的比较级形式。
数词+ more+可数名词 = another+数词+可数名词
We need two more chairs.=We need another two chairs.
3. There's nothing in the fridge.
nothing 为不定代词，表否定。
nothing = not anything
形容词要放在不定代词之后，即：something/anything/nothing +adj.
something important/ anything else/ nothing interesting/ something to drink
【举一反三】
① —Can I have _________ — Of course you can. Here you are
A. anything eat B. something eating C. anything to eat D. something to eat
②她打开盒子，发现空空如也。
4. Maybe we can share it．或许我们可以分享它。
maybe adv．大概，或许
辨析：maybe与may be
maybe是副词，位于句首作状语，意思是“或许，大概”。
Maybe he is wrong, but I'm not sure.
may be是“情态动词+be动词”组成，用在句中作谓语，意思是“可能是”。
He may be wrong，but I’m not sure．
share sth with sb
【举一反三】
He ______ the small income（收入）_______ his father _____ his brother .
A. shared; with; with B. took; from; with C. shared; from; with D. took; with; with
5. What makes your friend so special 什么使你的朋友这么特别？
make v. 做，制造; 使成为; 使产生;
make sb+ adj使某人怎样
make sb do sth使某人做某事
The round glasses make him funny.
What he says makes us laugh happily.
【举一反三】
1. Mr. Lee made Tom ________ his homework after school. This made Tom _________.
A. to do; sad B. do; sadly C. do; unhappy D. did; unhappy
2. We must do everything we can _________ our earth cleaner and safer.
A. made B. to making C. make D. to make
3. Mr. Brown always makes his class __________ and keeps his students __________ in class.
A. alive, interesting B. lively, interesting C. alive, interested D. lively, interested
6. Does he/she care about you when you are sad 当你伤心的时候他、她在乎你吗？
care n. 关怀；照料；谨慎；忧虑 vi. 照顾；关心,在意
take care 注意；小心 take care of 照顾；注意；=look after
Parents should take care of their children.
care about 担心，在乎，关心 care for 关心，照顾；喜欢
Share your happiness with anyone you care about.
7. Is he/she ready to help when you have problems
be ready to do = be willing to do 乐意做某事
be/get ready for 为某事做好准备
1. 当我有困难的时候凯蒂总是准备帮我。
2. So if you come , dance.(ready)
8. Well, good friends should be honest.
honest ：adj. 诚实的 反义词 dishonest
前面加冠词an
honesty ：n. 诚实
【举一反三】
1.What ________ honest boy!
A. an B. a C. / D. the
2. We don't like Jim, because he often tells lies. He is d__________.
3. Tom has ________ honest face, and, in fact, he never tells lies or plays tricks on others.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
4. We believe ________, because he is _________ honest boy.
A. the words he says; a B. what he says; an
C. he says what; the D. what does he says;. an
9. You can trust them because they never tell lies.你可以相信他们，因为他们从来不说慌。
1）trust n/v. 信任，相信；信赖 = believe in
You can’t trust the English weather
I have no trust in you.
tell lies 说谎
辨析：tell, speak, say, talk
tell: 告诉，辨别； tell lies说谎；tell jokes说笑话；tell the difference 辨别不同之处
speak:说话，演讲；speak English说英语
say: 说，讲；后面跟说话的具体内容。
talk: 谈话，讨论talk with/to sb about sth跟某人讨论某事
10. polite adj. 有礼貌的，文雅的，客气的, 上流的
Jim is a very quiet and polite person. 吉姆是一个非常安静而礼貌的人。
adv. politely
反义词：impolite adj. 无礼的，粗鲁的，不客气的
【举一反三】
1. It is very ____________ of you to stare at a girl's face. (polite)
2. Another thing you should do is to ____________ tell them what to do next. (polite)
3. Please make clear that he should never act so ____________ again. (polite)
Reading
1. Betty is one of my best friends.
one of的用法
1）one of 后接名词复数
one of the students
2）one of 后接形容词最高级
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
3）注意one of句型中的谓语动词要用单数形式
One of the students comes from Australia.
【举一反三】
1. Amy is one of the best _____________ (swim) at the school.
2. This bag is one of those _____________.(visit)
3. I think Shanghai is one of _____________ (modern) cities in the world.
2. She helps me with my homework.
help sb (to) do/help sb with
注意：to可以省略，另外，如果后面接名词，应该用with连接。
玛丽经常帮妈妈做家务。
Mary often helps her mother do housework.
Mary often helps her mother with housework.
can't help doing 情不自禁地做某事
He couldn't help taking photos when he saw the beautiful fireworks.
【举一反三】
1. She is also very helpful and is ready (help) people any time.
2. I would like to help people (solve) problems.
3. I try my best (help) them.
4. ---What is he like
---He is . (help)
5. 当你有困难时，可以向怀特先生求助。
3. Betty has a good voice.
sound、voice、noise辨析
1) sound作“声音”，“响声”讲时，可以指人或动物发出的声音，或物体碰撞的声言。这个词的使用范围很大。可以说，大自然的任何“声音”都可以用sound。
Light travels much faster than sound.
2) noise意为“噪音”、“喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。
The noise of traffic made him awake.
3) voice一般指人的声音，说话、唱歌都可用voice。sound和noise不仅能指人的声音，还可以表示别的动物发出的声音;而voice除了有时可指鸟的声音外，很少表示其它动物的声音。
The girl has a beautiful voice
4) sound作系动词，“听起来”，后面接形容词
How nice the piece of music sounds!
【举一反三】
用sound, noise, voice, sound like 填空：
1. Don't make any , children.
2. There is so much in this room that I can't hear you talking.
3. They were shouting at the top of their .
4. This sentence strange
5. I can hear the of the bells outside.
4. He wears small, round glasses.
wear、put on、dress、in、on辨析
1) wear：“穿着，戴着”，表示“状态”；脸上挂着...表情
She always wears a smile on her face.
2) put on:“穿上，戴上”，强调动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等
Put on your coat or you will catch a cold.
注意：put on的反义词为“take off”，而不是“put off”
3) dress：作动词，“给...穿衣服”dress sb
“给自己穿衣服”dress oneself / get dressed
Jack is old enough to dress himself.
4) in+颜色，表示穿着某个颜色衣服
穿红衣的女孩 the girl in red
5) on+某人，表示衣服穿在某人身上
You look wonderful on this pink dress.
【举一反三】
1. ---Was Kate at the party last night
---Yes, she ______ a really nice dress.
A. is wearing B. was wearing C. would wear D. has worn
2. According to the new traffic law, everyone in a car must the seat belt. (穿戴）
3. ---Allen, your bedroom is in a mess.
---Sorry, Mum. I'll _____ my things at once.
A. put on B. put away C. put out D. put up
4. You'd better _____ your coat. It's too hot here.
A. put on B. put off C. take off D. put out
5. Max has a good sense of humor.麦克斯很有幽默感。
1)sense n. 感觉，官能；观念；
v. 感觉到，觉察到
常见短语： sense of direction 方向感 common senses常识
make sense 有道理；合乎情理 come to one's senses 苏醒过来
humor n. 幽默
humorous adj. 幽默的
She loved everything about him，especially his humor.
What a humorous story!
6. I never feel bored with him.跟他在一起我从来不觉得无聊。
bore v . 使厌烦
bored adj. 无聊的 feel/be bored with对...感到厌倦
boring adj. 无聊的
His speech bored us.
I never feel bored when he is with me.
I don’t want to do the boring job.
7. They do not fit well under his desk.
fit、match、suit辨析
1) fit：大小合适
2) match：与...相配或相称
3) suit：花色、款式，风格等与皮肤、气质、身材或身份相称
从fit、match、suit挑出合适的词
1）Try the new key and see if it the keyhole(钥匙孔)
2）Carpets should the curtains.
3）Does the coat you
4）这条新裙子她穿着真漂亮。This new dress .
5）这条裤子太小，不适合你穿。These pair of trousers are .
8. He often knocks our books and pens onto the floor.
敲 knock on/ at
碰掉 knock sth. off sth.
撞倒 knock sb. down
打翻 knock over sth.
撞到 knock onto
9. She smiles often and never says a bad word about anyone. 她经常微笑，从来不说别人的坏话。
smile v. 微笑 , 常用短语 smile at 朝...微笑
n. 微笑,笑容 常用短语 wear a big smile面带微笑
smiling adj.微笑的
He smiled at me and then asked me if he could sit near me.
The smile on her face warms me.
Grammar
1. worse 更差
worse 此处用作形容词，意为“更差，更糟，更坏”，是bad的比较级，用于两者之间进行比较，可加much进行强调。
Your homework is bad, but Lily’s is much worse.
【拓展】
①worse还可用作副词，意为“更坏地，更糟地”，是badly的比较级。
He did worse this time.
②worst是bad/badly的最高级，意为“最差，最糟，最坏”。
He is the worst of the three.
I sing the worst in our class.
2. height (身)高
height 既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，意为“高，高度”，指人或物的高度。
the height of... 意为“……的高度”，in height意为“在高度上”。
height的形容词为high (高的)。
What’s your height
3. weight (体)重
weight 此处用作不可数名词，意为“重量”。the weight of 意为“…的重量”。
weight的动词形式为weigh (称…的重量；重量为…)。
---What’s your weight
---My weight is 50kg.
4. Among the six students... 在六个学生中……
辨析：among与between
among 强调在三者或三者以上之间 There’s a house among the green trees.
between 强调在两者之间；后接三者或三者以上的人或事物时，指每两者之间。固定结构：between…and…在…和…之间 There is a door between the windows.
Integrated skills &Study skills
1. Today Amy and I talked about our future plans. 今天我和埃米谈论了我们将来的计划。
plan还可用作及物动词，意为“计划”，后面跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语。plan的现在分词是planning.
I plan to visit the Great Wall.
The students are planning a day out.
2. I want to travel around the world and learn more about art some day.我想有一天周游世界并更多地了解艺术。
辨析：some day与one day
两者都可意为“有一天”，但用法有别。
some day 表示将来的某一天 常用于一般将来时
one day 表示过去的某一天，也可以表示将来的某一天。当表示将来的某一天时可与some day换用 可用于一般过去时或一般将来时
①I will go to climb Mount Tai some day/one day in the future.
②One day, he went to a small village. 一天，他去了一个小村庄。
3. What’s he like 他是个什么样的人
辨析：What’s sb. like What does sb. like 与What does sb. look like
What’s sb. like 意为“某人是个什么样的人” 常用于询问某人的性格、品质等，也可以问外貌
What does sb. like 意为“某人喜欢什么？” 用于询问某人的喜好
What does sb. look like 意为“某人长什么样？” 用于询问某人的外貌
4. She’s a small girl with a ponytail. 她个子不高，扎着马尾辫。
with用作介词的其他用法：
①with意为“和某人一起”。
I often go to school with my friend. 我经常跟朋友一起上学。
②with意为“用”，表示用工具、身体部位等。
Can you open the box with a knife 你能用刀子把盒子打开吗？
③with+名词+介词短语/形容词/现在分词，表示伴随状态。
He left the room with a cake in his hand. 他手里拿着一个蛋糕离开了房间。
Task
1. square作可数名词，意为“广场，平方”。
There is a square in the centre of the city.
Four is the square of two.
2. fat作不可数名词，意为“脂肪，肥肉”。
There is too much fat in the food.
3. patient作可数名词，意为“病人”。
The nurses are looking after the patients very well.
语法点
形容词比较级和最高级
形容词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。
一、原级的用法
1．句中出现了人或物，没有比较对象时，要用原级。
We moved to a new fiat last week．
2．as+形容词原级+as… “和…一样”；
not so/as+形容词原级+as…“不及…；不如…，比不上…”。
Physics is as difficult as Maths．
His eyes are not as/so big as mine．
二、比较级和最高级的用法
当我们将两个对象进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级，表示“较…”，“更…一些”，“比…更…”。My cousin is taller than I am．
当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时，我们会用形容词的最高级，表示“最…”，最高级前通常要加定冠词the。
This is the most interesting story in the book．
三、形容词比较级常见于以下句式
1．比较级+than
A computer is more expensive than a TV set．
2．Which／Who…+比较级，…or… ”
Who is taller，Tom or Jim
3．在比较级前加上a little、much、even、still等词来表示程度
China is much larger than Japan．
4．比较级+and+比较级
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger．
5．the+比较级(+主+谓)，the+比较级(+主+谓) 表示“越…，越…”
The busier I am，the happier I shall feel．
6．比较级+than any other+单数名词表示“比任何其他的…都…”
This camera is more expensive than any other camera in the shop．
7．the+比较级+of the two表示“两者中较…的那个”
She is the taller of the two．
四、形容词最高级常见于以下句式
1．用“形容词性物主代词+最高级”的结构来表示某人或某物的“最…”。
Peter is his oldest son．
注意：此时形容词的最高级前不需要定冠词the。
2．用“the+最高级+比较范围”的结构来表示在某一范围内“最…”，当句子的主语与介词后的部分属于同一概念或类别时，常用介词of或among,而当主语属于介词后的某一范围、场所时，常用in。
The World Cup is the most exciting game of all．
Jay Chou is the most popular singer in Taiwan．
3．用“one of the+最高级+名词复数”的结构来表示“最…之一”。
Miss Gao is one of the best teachers in our school．
4．用“the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+in+范围”的结构来表示“第…最…”。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country．
5．用“Which／Who is the+最高级，A，B or C ”的结构来表示“三者或三者以上之中，哪个或谁是最… ”。
Which is the biggest，the moon，the earth or the sun
注意：
(1) 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时不用the：He is my best friend.
(2) 同类事物才能够相比较：The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing.
◆形容词比较级和最高级的构成方法：
情况 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级
一般情况 加-er或-est new long newer longer newest longest
以e 结尾的词 加-r或-st fine late finer later finest latest
以“辅音+y” 结尾的词 变y为i再加-er或-est early happy earlier happier earliest happiest
重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est hot thin fat hotter thinner fatter hottest thinnest fattest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在其前面加more或 most useful more useful most useful
◆不规则变化
原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级
good（好的）adj well（健康的）adv better best
bad（坏的） ill（有病的） worse worst
old（老的） older/ elder oldest / eldest
much／many（多的） more most
little（少的） less least
far（远的） farther/ further farthest / furthest
【举一反三】
1. The kids learn to be independent, the it is for their future.
A. early; good B. early; better C. earlier; better D. earlier; good
2. - -What do you think of Maths, John - For me. Maths is . than any other subject. A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. the most difficult
3.The maths problem is ______ that one. Few of us can work it out.
A. so easy as B. as difficult as C. much difficult than D. less easier than
4.People who eat a balanced diet live than who only eat hamburgers.
A.more healthy;the ones B.more healthily;ones
C.much more healthily;those D.much healthier;that
5.--The music in the movie is so wonderful,-- . I just think it's too noisy.
A.I can't agree more B. It's a pleasure C. Never mind D. I don't agree with you
6. you practice , you will be at Maths .
A. The more ; the better B. The more ; the best C. The most ; the better D The most ;the best
7. —I think it’s necessary to learn how to work in groups.
—I quite agree. Sometimes it’s even ________ than grades.
A. less important B. more important
C. the least important D. the most important
8. —His handwriting is very careful.
—Yeah. With the help of him, his sister writes as ________ as him.
A. care B. careful C. more carefully D. carefully
9. The safety of food has become one of the 　 　 　 problems in our daily life.
A. more expensive B. most important C. less expensive　 D. more important
10.—What do you think of the film So Young directed by Zhao Wei？
—Wonderful. I think it's 　 　 than the other films about youth in recent years.
A. the best B. the worst C. much better D. much worse