(共56张PPT)
How can we describe the following foods
appearance
history / background / culture
flavor
ingredients
popularity
...
Sichuan hot pot
Nanjing salted duck
Cantonese dim sum
Skim the three blogs and then finish the following table.
7 March, Sichuan hot pot ________ experience
________
________ for his favor
12 August, _________________ ________ experience
_______ to make salted duck
________
8 December, ________________ _________
_____ the Cantonese have their breakfast
Dishes
Personal
Nanjing salted duck
History
Reasons
Personal
Ways
Cantonese dim sum
History
History
Ways
Reading
Write a summary of each of the three traditional Chinese foods
Sichuan hot pot is famous all over the world, dating back to the Qing Dynasty. People enjoy Sichuan hot pot all year round because it is easily made by boiling all
Sichuan hot pot
kinds of foods in soup and also offers a good chance to socialize with friends.
Write a summary of each of the three traditional Chinese foods
Nanjing salted duck
Nanjing salted duck is the representative food of Nanjing, dating from the late Qing Dynasty. Its special flavor and complicated process attract people all year round, especially in the hot summer.
Write a summary of each of the three traditional Chinese foods
Cantonese dim sum
Cantonese dim sum plays an essential role in morning tea for the Cantonese daily routine, dating from the mid-19th century. The locals often talk about any topic
over breakfast, making dim sum and their lifestyle famous all over the world.
Language points
1 ...to let loose rivers of sweat on a summer afternoon....
……在夏日的午后让人汗流如注。
loose adj. 不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的； 疏松的；不确切的（→ loosely adv. 宽松地，疏松地；不精确地）
（1）He cut himself loose from his family. 他摆脱了家庭的束缚。
The radio wasn’t working because of a loose connection in the wires.
这台收音机坏了，是电线接头不牢的原因。
Frank emptied a handful of loose change on the table. 弗兰克将一把零钱全部放在了桌子上。
Loose shirts are good for summer wear. 夏季适合穿宽松的衬衣。
If a tooth feels very loose，your dentist may recommend that it should be taken out.
如果有颗牙齿非常松动，你的牙医可能会建议拔掉它。
That word has many loose meanings. 那个词有很多不确切的含义。
（2）Those dark clouds are going to let loose at any minute. 那些乌云随时都会下大雨的。
He was at last let loose in the kitchen. 终于放手让他干厨房里的活儿了。
I set loose the bird，and it immediately flew away. 我松开那只鸟，它便立刻飞走了。
（3）His shirt hung loosely over his thin shoulders. 他的衬衣松松垮垮地挂在他瘦削的双肩上。
Sometimes the terms are used rather loosely. 有时使用的术语很不严谨。
◆语块积累
（1） loose clothing 宽松的衣服 loose life 散漫的生活
loose thinker 思想不严密的人 loose tongue 随口乱讲
（2） break loose 挣脱 let sth. loose 释放；放任
set loose 松手；让……自由
◆单句语法填空
The play is （loose）based on his childhood in Russia.
loosely
loosely
2 Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp，foggy climate in which they were invented. 四川火锅非常适合其发源地潮湿多雾的气候。
damp adj. 潮湿的，湿气重的n. 潮气，湿气
（1）The plants grow best in cool，damp conditions.
这种植物最适合在阴凉、潮湿的环境下生长。
Try to make a hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity.
尽力在潮湿的地方挖一个洞， 以增加集水器的生产力。
My clothes are damp from the rain. 我的衣服被雨水打湿了。
（2） There was damp everywhere and the entire building was in need of rewiring.
到处是潮气，整座建筑需要安装新电线。
◆语块积累
damp clothes/air/climate 潮湿的衣服/ 空气/ 气候
be damp from 因……而潮湿
◆完成句子
① If you （穿着潮湿的衣服），you will probably catch a cold.
② The roads （因……而潮湿） the early rain，but the sun was drying them rapidly.
③ The （潮湿的空气）makes my old bones hurt.
wear damp clothes
were damp from
damp air
wear damp clothes
were damp from
damp air
foggy adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的（→ fog n. 雾）
He left Beijing on a foggy morning. 他在一个有雾的早上离开了北京。
We were running a little late and the weather was cold and foggy.
我们有点儿晚了，天气很冷且雾蒙蒙的。
I was really in a fog after the exam. 考完试后，我真的感到稀里糊涂。
◆语块积累
in a fog 感到困惑；糊里糊涂
◆单句语法填空
（4）It’s pretty （fog）outside，so be careful while driving home.
（5）Every animal sleeps，but the reason for this has remained （fog）.
（6）He went through the day with his mind a fog.
foggy
foggy
in
foggy
foggy
in
3 Over time，it has expanded to include multiple options of soups，vegetables，meats and sauces，appealing to people of different tastes. 后来，火锅的内容逐渐扩大，包括各式汤底以及品种多样的蔬菜、肉和调料，满足了人们不同的口味。
expand vt. & vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展（业务）；详谈，详述（→ expansion n. 膨胀；扩展，扩充）
（1）Our foreign trade has expanded during recent years. 近年来我们的对外贸易有所增加。
The pupils of your eyes expand when you enter a darkroom. 当你走进暗室时，你眼睛的瞳孔就会放大。
The shipbuilding industry is rapidly expanding. 造船工业正在迅速发展。
Our country steadily expanded its electronic industry. 我们国家稳步发展自己的电子工业。
All the details are in the book，and I need not expand on it. 情节都在书上呢，我无须详述。
The factory expands to the foot of the mountain. 这个工厂的地界扩展到了山脚下。
The director plans to expand the firm into an international company. 经理计划把这个公司扩展成为跨国公司。
（2）Heat causes the expansion of gases. 热使气体膨胀。
This book is an expansion of the play he wrote before. 这本书是他以前写的剧本的扩充。
◆词语辨析：expand 与spread
· expand 指扩大面积或体积，也指把合拢的东西放开 （即三维）
·spread 指向四面八方扩大范围。
This county has expanded its area under cultivation by more than 50，000 mu.
该县增加了50 000 多亩耕地。
Fire spread rapidly after a chemical truck exploded. 一辆装有化学品的卡车爆炸后火势迅速蔓延开来。
◆语块积累
expand to 扩展到…… expand into sth. 扩展成…… expand on sth. 进一步阐述，详谈，充分叙述
◆单句语法填空
① The society expanded a worldwide organization.
② The town has now expanded twice its original size.
③ For example，people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness，____________ （expand） their range of experiences，and to strengthen social relationships.
④ In his lecture the teacher expanded the uses of the English subjunctive mood.
⑤ The future （expand）of the business calls for two new factories.
into
to
to expand
on
expansion
into
to
to expand
on
expansion
multiple adj. 数量多的，多样的
A multiple crash can often be seen on that motorway. 那条高速公路上的连环撞车事故很多。
The driver of the car received multiple injuries. 汽车的司机多处受伤。
Multiple genes behaved differently，depending on whether someone had eaten or not before walking.
多种基因表现不同，这取决于一个人在走路前是否吃过东西。［2020·江苏卷阅读］
◆语块积累
multiple formats 多种格式
multiple challenges 多重挑战
multiple models 多型号
multiple-choice questions 多项选择题
◆说明
multi- 是常用前缀，表示“多个、多种、多方面”。
multiculture n. 多元文化 multichannel adj. 多渠道的
multimedia n. 多媒体 multination n. 多国
multiply v. 繁殖，增加；乘
◆完成句子
（6）The government performed competently in the face of （多重挑战）.
（7）［2019·北京卷阅读］In a world that warms up by 3℃，it
found that （多次变化）to the colour of the oceans would occur.
（8）This digital audio player supports （多种格式）.
（9） The （多项选择题） must be answered within a strict time limit.
multiple challenges
multiple changes
multiple formats
multiple-choice questions
multiple challenges
multiple changes
multiple formats
multiple-choice questions
4 Served plain in thin，white slices，the meat is juicy and salty. 鸭肉简单地切成白白的薄片，多汁带咸。
plain adj. 朴素的，简单的；清楚的；坦白的 n. 平原（→ plainly adv. 朴素地；清晰地，明显地；直截了当地）
（1）Her dress is severely plain. 她的连衣裙很朴素。
The restaurant serves plain home-made meals. 那个餐馆供应简单的家常菜。
Whatever you say，the facts are plain enough. 不管你说什么，事实再清楚不过了。
（2）I will be plain with you and tell you the truth. 我跟你开门见山地说实话。
It’s quite plain that you haven’t been paying attention. 你显然一直都没好好地留意。
（3）Once there were 70 million buffalo on the plains. 在这片平原上曾经生活着7 000 万头水牛。
（4）Most of the people were plainly dressed. 大部分的人都穿得朴素。
You are plainly unwilling to cooperate. 你显然不愿合作。
Say what you have to say plainly. Don’t go all round the circle to get here.
你该说的就直说吧，不用转弯抹角。
◆语块积累
（1） be plain with sb. 对某人直言不讳 be plain about sth. 对某事直言不讳
It is quite plain that... ……是很明显的。
（2）plain English 简明英语 plain living 简朴的生活
plain sailing 十分顺利；一帆风顺 plain speaking 打开天窗说亮话 in plain sight 一目了然
◆单句语法填空
① He was quite plain his feeling on the matter.
② I’ll be plain you. I don’t like the idea.
③ How could you not notice that girl She was plain sight all night.
④ She was （plain）dressed and wore no make-up.
about
with
in
plainly
about
with
in
plainly
5 A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck in particular， saying it was without equal. 一本清末的地方志尤其盛赞盐水鸭，称其无与伦比。
be without equal 无与伦比，无敌
Her paintings are without equal. 她的画无与伦比。
◆语块积累
have no equal in 在……方面没有对手
equal sb. in 在……方面比得上某人
be equal to 与……相等；胜任；相当于
on equal terms 平等；条件相同
He has no equal in music. 他在音乐方面没有对手。
None of us can equal him in mathematics. 我们当中没有人在数学方面能比得上他。
Twenty-five added to ten is equal to thirty-five. 10 加25 等于35。
Bill is quite equal to running the office. 比尔完全能够胜任这个部门的管理工作。
This is equal to saying that he is not a fool. 这样就等于说他不是傻子。
They refused to treat with us on equal terms. 他们拒绝在平等的基础上与我们谈判。
In China，women have the right to elect and to be elected on equal terms with men.
在中国，妇女有与男子平等的选举权和被选举权。
◆单句语法填空
① They receive an income equal the value of the goods they produce.
② Simon is younger but he equals his brother all sports.
③ We were all impressed by his outstanding performance. He is a player equal.
④ One horse is not equal pulling the heavy cart.
⑤ Now that she has been promoted she is equal terms with her ex-boss.
◆完成句子
⑥ He （无敌）in intelligence in the team.
⑦ If we are to treat with you，it must be （平等）.
to
in
without
to
on
is without equal/has no equal
on equal terms
to
in
without
to
on
is without equal/has no equal
on equal terms
6 Traditionally，duck is considered to have cooling properties，so it is appropriate for the hot summer months. 传统上鸭肉被认为性凉，所以适宜在炎热的夏季食用。
property n. 性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产，房地产
Oil has the property of floating on water. 油有浮在水上的特性。
These plants have medicinal properties. 这些植物具有药物效用。
That car is my property；you mustn’t use it without my permission.
那辆汽车是我的财产，没有我的允许你不能使用。
His carelessness resulted in damage to personal property. 他的粗心导致个人财产的损失。
Mike inherited a family property. 迈克继承了一处家族房产。
◆语块积累
have the property of 有……特性 family property 家族房产
common/personal/private property 公共/ 个人/ 私有财产
intellectual/literary property rights 知识产权/ 著作权
property management/market 物业管理/ 市场
property right 产权 lost property office 失物招领处
◆完成句子
① The jewels were her （私人财产）.
②［2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读］The （ 失物招领处）is open Monday to Friday 7：30am to 5：00pm and is located（位于）at Roma Street station.
③ It’s high time for us to take action to protect （知识产权）.
④ This plant （有……特性） healing burns.
personal property
lost property office
intellectual property rights
has the property of
personal property
lost property office
intellectual property rights
has the property of
appropriate adj. 合适的（→ appropriately adv. 适当地；合适地）
（1） His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion.
他郑重其事的讲话方式适合于那个场合。
The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children. 这本书的文体适合儿童。
Plain and simple clothes are appropriate for school wear. 朴素的服装适合在学校里穿。
It wouldn’t be appropriate for me to comment on it. 我不宜对此加以评论。
It is appropriate that he should get the post. 由他担任这一职务是恰当的。
（2） He has good taste in clothing；he always dresses appropriately.
他的衣着很有品位，他总是穿着得体。
◆语块积累
appropriate temperature/form/manner/means 适当的温度/ 形式/ 方式/ 途径
be appropriate to/for 对……适合，适合于
It is appropriate（for sb.）to do sth.（某人）做某事是合适的。
It is appropriate that... ……是恰当的。
7 Nowadays，people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计南京人每天要吃掉数万只鸭子！
It is + 过去分词 + that...
It is reported that the film is well received outside China. 据报道，这部电影在国外很受欢迎。
It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents，compared with 16% in 1991.
据说，25-34 岁的人中大约有20% 和父母住在一起，而1991 年这一比例为16%。
It is supposed that many lives have been lost in the train crash.
据推测，在这次火车相撞事故中有许多人丧生。
◆语块积累
It is hoped that... 人们希望…… It is well-known that... 众所周知……
It is expected that... 预计…… It is thought that... 有人认为……
It is supposed that... 据推测…… It is considered that... 有人认为……
It is announced that... 据宣布…… It is suggested/advised that... 有人建议……
◆说明
“It is + 过去分词 + that...”有时可以变为“Sb. /Sth. is + 过去分词 + to do...”结构。
It is considered that his situation is dangerous.
= His situation is considered to be dangerous. 他的处境被认为是很危险的。
◆单句语法填空
① It （say）that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.
② is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
◆单句写作
③ 预计房价会下跌。 ______________________________________
④ 希望该申请人这次能够通过笔试。
__________________________________________________________________
⑤ 建议调整课程。 _____________________________________________
is said
It
It is expected that house prices will drop off.
It is hoped that the applicant can pass the written examination this time.
The courses are suggested to be adjusted.
is said
It
It is expected that house prices will drop off.
It is hoped that the applicant can pass the written examination this time.
The courses are suggested to be adjusted.
estimate vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本（→ estimation n. 判断；估计；尊重 underestimate v. 低估 overestimate v. 过高估计；过高出价）
（1）I estimate it will take three months to build the bridge. 我估计建造这座桥得用3 个月时间。
The repairing cost is estimated to be fifty dollars. 修理费用估计为50 美元。
It’s impossible to estimate his abilities yet. 目前评价他的能力是不可能的。
The firm estimated the cost of the new house at ￡3，000. 公司估计新房子的成本为3 000 英镑。
It is estimated that total investment in the country will continue to increase this year.
据估计国内投资总额今年将继续增加。
（2）We need to make accurate estimation beforehand. 我们需要事先作出准确的估计。
Never underestimate the power of a woman. 决不要低估妇女的力量。
While girls usually lack confidence，boys often overestimate their abilities.
女孩通常缺乏自信，而男孩则往往会高估自己的能力。
◆语块积累
estimate sth. at sth. 估计……为……，猜测……为……
estimate for 对……估价 It is estimated that... 据估计……
◆单句语法填空
（6）I know him well enough to form estimate of his abilities.
（7）The cost of building railways （estimate）at over one hundred thousand pounds.
（8）The man estimated the repair of the car.
（9） It is estimated up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio broadcasts.
（10） The police estimated the number of tourists about 20，000.
◆完成句子
（11） Without specific information，it’s hard （估算成本）and benefits of making different choices.
（12）［2020·天津二考阅读］Sorry，madam，I （低估了你）as I didn’t know your background.
an
was estimated
for
that
at
to estimate the costs
have underestimated you
an
that
at
to estimate the costs
have underestimated you
was estimated
for
consume vt. 吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）；毁灭（→ consumer n. 消费者 consumption n. 消费；消耗）
（1） I’m sure that Chinese people consume the largest amount of rice in the world.
我敢肯定，世界上中国人吃掉的大米最多。
His old car consumed much gasoline. 他的旧汽车耗油很多。
Each year Americans consume a high percentage of the world’s energy.
每年美国人消耗掉的能源都占世界能源的很大比例。
The fire soon consumed the wooden buildings. 大火很快就把那些木制建筑物烧毁了。
（2） A fall in unemployment will help to restore consumer confidence.
失业人数的下降会有助于恢复消费者的信心。
There has been a slight increase in the consumption of meat. 肉类消费略微增加。
◆语块积累
consume time 消耗时间
consume all the hamburgers 吃光所有的汉堡
consume the whole city 吞噬整个城市
◆单句语法填空
（13） Health-conscious （consume）want more information about the food they buy.
（14） Gas and oil （consume）always increases in cold weather.
（15） The children （consume）all the hamburgers at yesterday’s party.
（16） The laws have led to a reduction in fuel （consume）in the U. S.
consumers
consumption
consumed
consumption
consumers
consumption
consumed
consumption
8 It definitely hit the spot when I tried it，and it has become one of my personal favourites. 我一尝，它正对我胃口，盐水鸭已经成了我最钟爱的美食之一。
hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要
Thanks for the candy bar. It really hit the spot! 谢谢你的这块糖。它特合我的口味！
Taking a nice hot bath would really hit the spot. 洗一个舒服的热水澡会正合我意。
◆语块积累
hit the taste of 适合/ 符合……的口味 hit the target 射中靶子，达到目的
hit the road 出发，动身 hit the bottle 开始酗酒
hit the headlines 成为头条新闻 Sth. hits sb. 某人忽然想到某事。
It hits sb. that... 某人突然意识到…… a hit 轰动一时；成功而风靡一时的事物
A writer must hit the taste of the reading public. 作者必须符合读者的口味。
The factory has already hit the year’s target. 工厂已完成了全年的目标。
An idea hit me suddenly at the last moment. 在最后时刻，我突然想出一个主意。
It hit me that this foreigner was the one I saw in the supermarket!
我突然想到这个外国人就是我在超市看到的那个人！
The record was a big hit and sold a million copies. 这张唱片非常成功，卖了100 万张。
◆说明
hit 可引申出“偶然碰见，遇见”“找到，想到”“袭击，使遭受”“抨击，批评”“猜对，戳穿真相”“适合，投合”“要求，请求”“达到，完成”等含义。
◆单句语法填空
① Mother’s apple pie always hits spot with boys.
② The novelist turned out to be hit.
③ hit me that arguing with him was a waste of time.
the
a
It
9 In Guangzhou，morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that... 在广州，早茶在日常生活中的地位是如此重要，以至于……
such...that... 如此……以至于……（that 引导结果状语从句）
such + a（n）+ adj. + 可数名词单数 +that...
such + adj. + 可数名词复数+that...
such + adj. + 不可数名词 +that...
It is such a little dog that it can’t run fast. 这是一只小狗，它跑不快。
It is such an expensive car that we can’t afford it. 这车太贵了，我们买不起。
They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.
这些苹果是如此好，以至于我们想要吃它们。
It was such fine weather that they all went swimming. 天气这么好，他们都去游泳了。
◆说明
（1） so...that... 也表示“如此……以至于……”，但so 后跟形容词或副词。
so + adj./adv. +that... so + adj. + a（n）+ 可数名词单数+that...
so + many/few + 可数名词复数 +that... so + much/little（少）+ 不可数名词 +that...
This teacher is so kind that we all like him. 这个老师非常和蔼，我们都喜欢他。
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
I’ve had so many falls that I have pains here and there. 我摔了很多跤，到处都疼。
There is so little water in the glass that I can’t drink any more. 杯子里的水太少了，我不能再喝了。
（2） such + a（n）+ adj. + 可数名词单数 = so + adj. + a（n）+ 可数名词单数
such a difficult problem = so difficult a problem
such a good teacher = so good a teacher
（3） 在so/such...that... 结构中，so/such... 置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
光速如此之快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。
So excited was Mike that he forgot to bring me the gift. 迈克是如此兴奋，竟然忘记给我带礼物了。
Such a big mistake did he make that the teacher criticized him. 他犯了一个大错，老师批评了他。
◆单句语法填空
① Miss Gao asked so difficult question that nobody could answer it.
② They are interesting films that we all enjoy seeing them.
③ We have little money that we can’t lend you any.
④ He spends much time on computer games that he falls behind his classmates in his study.
⑤ He seems such a nice man we all believe him.
⑥ They are interesting books that I want to read them once more.
⑦ well did our group do in the experiment that we were praised by our teacher.
⑧ Such a precious gift did he give me I was deeply touched.
a
such
so
so
that
such
So
that
such
So
that
a
such
so
so
that
essential adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的；本质的，基本的n. 必需品；要点，要素（→ essence n. 精髓；本质；要素）
（1） We can live without clothes，but food and water are essential.
没有衣服我们可以生存，但是食物和水是必不可少的。
There are essential differences between the two. 这两者之间有本质的区别。
Money is not essential to happiness. 金钱对于幸福并非必不可少。
Experience is essential for this job. 对于这份工作，经验是非常重要的。
A good diet is essential for everyone. 良好的饮食对于每个人都极为重要。
（2）It is essential for us to know all the facts. 对我们来说，了解所有的事实是必要的。
It is essential that you have some experience. 你必须得有些经验。
（3） The room was furnished with the simplest essentials：a bed，a chair and a table.
房间里陈设了最简单的必需品：一张床、一把椅子和一张桌子。
What are the essentials of good teaching 成功教学的要素是什么？
（4） In the above chapter，we have learned what the essence of translation is.
在上一章中，我们学习了翻译的本质。
The two arguments are in essence the same. 这两个论点的本质相同。
◆语块积累
be essential for/to 对……是必不可少的
It is essential for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是必要的。
It is essential that... ……是必不可少的。 in essence 本质上
◆说明
句式“It is + adj. + that...”中的形容词是essential，important， necessary，natural 等时，从句应使用虚拟语气，即从句中谓语应使用“（should +）动词原形”的形式。
It is essential that you（should）come home early. 你有必要早点回家。
It is important that he（should）attend the conference next week. 重要的是他应该参加下周的会议。
It is necessary that he（should）read English aloud every day. 他每天大声读英语是很有必要的。
◆单句语法填空
（9） Concentration is （essence）if you want to do a good job.
（10） The possession of a passport is essential foreign travels.
（11） It is essential that he （send）there at once.
（12）［2019·天津二考阅读］History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past. It is essential part of who we are today and who we will become.
（13） essence，all computers are the same.
essential
for/to
（should）be sent
an
In
essential
for/to
（should）be sent
an
In
10 ...the Cantonese innovation of the mid-19th century was to serve tea together with a variety of light dishes，or dim sum. ……19 世纪中叶广东人的创新在于将茶佐以各种小菜或点心。
innovation n. 创造，创新；新思想，新方法（→ innovate v. 改革；创新）
（1） In the age of fierce global competition，design innovation is vital.
在全球激烈竞争的时代，设计创新至关重要。
After being led by him，one innovation after another showed.
被他领导后，一个又一个革新项目出现了。
Farmers are introducing innovations which increase the productivity.
农民们正引进提高生产力的新方法。
They often make innovations in old machines and equipment.
他们经常对旧机器和旧设备进行革新。
（2） Some people like to innovate the old systems and traditions；others like to preserve them.
有些人喜欢改革旧的制度及传统，有些人却喜欢保留它们。
The company has successfully innovated new products and services.
公司成功地创造出了新产品和服务。
◆语块积累
make innovations in 在……方面进行革新 Technical/technological innovation 技术革新
innovate on/upon 在……方面革新
◆单句语法填空
① We must encourage （innovate）if the company is to remain competitive.
②［2020·江苏卷单选］Technological （innovation）， combined with good marketing，will promote the sales of these products.
③ Only by making innovations education can we cultivate people with high quality.
④ You can innovate how to show those products and how to market them to your users.
innovation
innovations
on/upon
in
innovation
innovations
on/upon
in
11 The concept took o，and today Guangzhou’s restaurants stimulate customers’ appetite with over a thousand offerings，each more delicate and delicious than the last. 这种观念时兴起来，如今广州的餐厅用一千多道点心刺激着食客的食欲，一道比一道精致、可口。
concept n. 概念，观念
You may have just read the text，but the ideas，concepts and images may fly right out of your head.
你可能刚刚阅读了文章，但是其中的想法、概念和图像可能会从你的脑海中飞出来。
He presented a new concept of the origins of the universe. 他提出了一种宇宙起源的新概念。
We had no concept that this tiny mistake would ruin the whole plan.
我们完全没有想到这个小小的失误会毁掉整个计划。
A small baby has no concept of right and wrong. 婴儿没有是非概念。
◆语块积累
new/basic concept 新/ 基本概念 have no concept of 不知道
◆单句语法填空
① Some kids need extra help besides schoolwork to grasp a few
（concept）.
② It tells that you have no concept time management.
③ The book explains the basic concept economy.
concepts
of
of
take off 拿下，脱下；起飞；突然成功
He came in and took off his coat. 他走了进来，脱掉大衣。
The plane took off despite the fog. 尽管有雾，飞机仍照常起飞。
In 1944，his career took off. 1944 年，他的事业飞黄腾达。
◆语块积累
take on 承担；呈现；雇用 take up 拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方）
take down 记下；拿下 take apart 拆开
take in 吸收；领会；欺骗 take over 接管；接收 take back 拿回；撤销
Some insects take on the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
有些昆虫会呈现出周围环境的颜色以保护自己。
She took up a pen and wrote down her name and address. 她拿起钢笔写下了她的名字和地址。
After he graduated，he took up the study of space. 他毕业后就开始从事太空研究。
Writing the paper took up most of my weekend. 写论文占去了我周末的大部分时间。
The plants have taken in abundant nutrition from under the ground. 这些植物从地下吸收了丰富的营养。
When taking in the meaning of a new word，you’d better mark it out.
理解新单词的意思时，你最好标注一下。
stimulate vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋（→ stimulation n. 刺激；激励；鼓舞 stimulating adj. 刺激的，令人兴奋的，趣味盎然的）
（1）These businesses stimulate the creation of local jobs. 这些企业促进了当地就业机会的产生。
The medicine will help stimulate the function of the patient’s organs. 这种药有助于促进病人的器官功能。
Better wages have stimulated them to work harder. 工资的增加激励他们更加努力工作。
The crisis finally stimulated the government into acting. 危机最终促使政府采取行动。
The workers must be stimulated to greater effort by an offer to share in the firm’s profits.
靠公司分红的政策一定能激励工人更加努力工作。
（2）Lazy people need stimulation to work hard. 懒人需要激励才能努力工作。
The playgroup provides plenty of stimulation for the children. 幼儿游戏班给孩子很多启发。
（3）I think she should look for a more stimulating job. 我认为她应该找一份更刺激的工作。
◆语块积累
stimulate economic growth 拉动经济增长
stimulate consumption/employment/domestic demand 刺激消费/ 就业/ 国内需求
stimulate sb. /sth. into/to sth. 刺激某人/ 某物……
stimulate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
◆单句语法填空
（12） Many people enjoy the mental （stimulate） of a challenging job.
（13） We had a （stimulate）discussion yesterday.
（14） Your encouragement will stimulate us new efforts.
（15） I’m trying to stimulate him （study）harder.
（16） It’s quite plain that Bill （stimulate）by the challenge.
stimulation
stimulating
into/to
to study
was stimulated
stimulation
stimulating
into/to
to study
was stimulated
appetite n. 食欲，胃口；强烈欲望；爱好，嗜好
The smell ruined my appetite，and I pushed the dish away.
那气味破坏了我的食欲，我把菜推开了。
I have to make an effort to work up an appetite for reading. 我得努力使自己产生读书的欲望。
It seems that Jazz is not really a part of the American appetite.
爵士乐似乎并不是美国人真正喜欢的。
He has an appetite for classical music. 他很喜欢古典音乐。
At the moment she had no appetite for gossip. 此刻她对流言蜚语没有兴趣。
◆语块积累
have a bad appetite 没有食欲
lose/lack/spoil one’s appetite 失去/ 缺乏/ 影响食欲
satisfy/stimulate/promote/pick up the appetite 满足/ 促进/ 增进/ 激起食欲
have an appetite for 喜欢，爱好
have no appetite for 对……没有兴趣
◆单句语法填空
（17） He has appetite for writing.
（18） Our appetite new products also contributes to the problem.
◆完成句子
（19） Oranges have even been found to （刺激食欲）in humans.
an
for
stimulate the appetite
an
for
stimulate the appetite
delicate adj. 精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的；微妙的；柔和的（→ delicately adv. 微妙地；优美地；精致地；谨慎地；巧妙地）
（1）The international situation is very delicate at present. 目前的国际形势极其微妙。
Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.
它们大多非常脆弱，轻轻一碰就会被损坏。
She wears a dress with delicate lace. 她穿了一件带有精致花边的裙子。
The scientist needs some delicate instruments. 这位科学家需要一些精密的仪器。
（2） She was a shy，delicately pretty girl with enormous blue eyes.
她是个羞怯纤美的姑娘，长着一双蓝色的大眼睛。
I think you handled the situation very delicately. 我认为你很巧妙地处理了这个局面。
She picked her way delicately over the rough ground. 她小心翼翼地在高低不平的地面上行走。
◆单句语法填空
（20） The mountains and rivers here are famous for being （delicate）beautiful.
（21） The cover of this desk lamp is （delicate） made.
delicately
delicately
delicately
delicately
12 The emphasis is rather on conversation about business，family or pleasure，and locals can spend hours together chatting，drinking tea and working their way through the menu. 重点是谈生意、话家常、说乐子，当地人可以花上几小时一起谈天、饮茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。
emphasis n.（pl. emphases）强调，重视；重读（→ emphasize vt. 强调；着重；使突出）
（1） The emphasis is on developing fitness through exercise and training.
重点放在通过运动和锻炼来促进健康上。
The emphasis is on the first syllable of the last word. 重音是在最后一个单词的第一个音节上。
（2） He placed great emphasis on the importance of family life and ties.
他非常重视家庭生活和家庭纽带。
They put emphasis on developing nuclear power. 他们把重点放在发展核动力上。
The government gave much emphasis to the problem of traffic jams. 政府非常重视交通堵塞问题。
（3） We cannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.
我们再怎样强调学英语的重要性也不为过。
He only emphasized his own interests to us at the conference. 他在会上只向我们强调了他自己的利益。
◆语块积累
lay/put/place emphasis on/upon 强调，着重 give emphasis to 强调，着重
emphasize the importance of sth. 强调某事的重要性 emphasize sth. to sb. 向某人强调某事
◆单句语法填空
① In recent years，the （emphasize）has moved away from punishing drug addicts towards helping them.
② We provide all types of information，with emphasis on legal advice.
③ They are divided as how much emphasis to give the issue.
④ Our English course places great emphasis conversational skills.
⑤ We cannot （emphasis）the importance of protecting the environment too much because we have only one Earth.
emphasis
an
to
on/upon
emphasize
emphasis
an
to
on/upon
emphasize
work one’s way through 自始至终做……
The workaholic will work his way through his paperwork as soon as he enters the office.
这个工作狂一进办公室就从头至尾处理他的文书工作。
She worked her way through the pile of documents. 她从头至尾处理了那一堆文件。
◆语块积累
find one’s way through 通过……找到出路 force one’s way through 强行通过
push one’s way through 挤出一条路 weave one’s way through 迂回前进
shoulder one’s way through 用肩膀开路
She forced her way through the crowd of reporters. 她从记者群中强行通过。
He pushed his way through the crowd. 他在人群中往前挤。
He had to weave his way through the milling crowd. 他不得不在来回乱转的人群中迂回前进。
He shouldered his way through the crowd and went after her. 他侧身从人群中挤了过去，跟在她后面。
13 Fill the dumpling wrappers with the mixture. 在饺子皮中包入这些混合物。
mixture n. 混合物；混合，结合（→ mix v. 混合；掺入）
（1）Air is a mixture，not a compound of gases. 空气是气体的混合物，不是化合物。
This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements. 这个作品因为融合了现代和传统的中国元素而引起了很大的关注。
There was a curious mixture of people in the audience. 观众中有各色人等，显得很怪。
（2）Please don’t mix up my papers. 请不要把我的文件弄混了。
His explanation mixed me up even more. 他的解释使我更糊涂了。
People often mix me up with other actors. 人们常常把我和其他演员弄混。
If you mix blue with yellow，you’ll get green. 蓝色和黄色混合在一起就成了绿色。
We hope you won’t get mixed up with such matters. 我们希望你不要卷入这样的事。
◆语块积累
mix up 混淆；把（某人）搞糊涂；分不清
mix...with... 把……和……混合
mix...up with 误以为……是；弄错；搞错
◆单句语法填空
① The city is a （mix）of old and new buildings.
② Her son’s return made her mix joy sorrow.
③ She put the sugar into the coffee and mixed them with a spoon.
④ Sometimes he （mix）up with his brother； they’re twin brothers.
⑤ Oil does not mix water.
⑥ We listened to the news with mixture of surprise and horror.
mixture
with
up
is mixed
with
a
mixture
with
up
is mixed
with
a
14 Stick the edges of the dumpling wrappers together. 把饺子皮的边缘粘在一起。
edge n. 边，边缘；刀口；（微弱的）优势
On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth that gives off light in the dark. 在夹克的边缘，有一块布在黑暗中发光。［2019·浙江二考语法填空］
They have lost the edge. 他们已经失去了优势。
She was always on edge before an interview. 她在面试前总是紧张不安。
We all know that the panda is a species that is on the edge of extinction.
我们都知道熊猫是一种濒临灭绝的物种。
At the edge of the desert，he came across a deserted church.
在沙漠的边缘地带，他碰巧发现了一座被遗弃的教堂。
◆语块积累
on edge 紧张不安；急切 on the edge of 在……的边缘；濒于；快要，将近
at the edge of 在……的边缘
◆误区警示
at the edge of 和on the edge of 表示“在……的边缘”时， 一般可以互换使用。但是at the edge of 强调所处的位置是一个点，而on the edge of 强调所处的位置是一条线或一个平面，并且还有“濒于；快要，将近”的抽象含义。
He is standing at the edge of the cliff. 他站在悬崖的边上。（强调在某一地点）
There is a knife on the edge of the table. 桌边有把刀。（强调在某一平面上）
◆完成句子
① The hotel is situated （在……边缘）the town.
② They have driven the rhino to （灭绝的边缘）.
③ Just the sound of her voice sets my teeth （紧张不安）.
at the edge of
the edge of extinction
on edge
at the edge of
the edge of extinction
on edge
15 Don’t overfill the dumplings，or they will fall apart when you boil them. 饺子不要装得太满，否则煮的时候它们会散掉。
apart adv. 成碎片；分开；相隔；除外
Cheap clothes tend to fall apart when you wash them. 便宜衣物洗涤时容易破碎。
These toys aren’t well made—they come apart far too easily. 这些玩具做得不好——太容易散架了。
You must set apart some money for the future. 你必须留出一些钱来以备将来之用。
The child took apart the toys but he didn’t know how to put them together.
这个小孩把玩具拆开了，却不知道如何组装起来。
It’s easy to tell my pills apart because they’re all different colours.
我的药片很容易区分，因为它们的颜色不一样。
◆语块积累
fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃 come apart 破碎；崩溃；瓦解
set apart 留出……；使分离 take apart 拆开 tell apart 区分，区别
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