2023-2024学年译林版英语八年级上册Unit 4 Do it yourself Period 3 Grammar课件(共60张PPT)

(共60张PPT)
Period 3
Grammar
课前自主预习
单词闯关 1. 剪下，切下，割下 vt. ________　　　 　　
2. 句子n. ________
cut　
sentence
短语互译 1.放弃 ____________
2.剪出 ____________
3.take time ____________
4.on the other side of the card ________________
在卡片的另一面
give up　
cut out　
花费时间
句型在线 1.在墙上贴一张图片。
__________________ a picture on the wall.
2.别给猫涂色。
__________________ the cat.
Don′t paint
Put up
句型在线 3. 在卡片的另一面画一张有关单词或句子的图画。
Draw a picture about the words or sentence
_______________________ the card.
4. 你应该懂点关于“自己动手做”的知识。
You should ______________________DIY.
know a little about
on the other side of
语法聚焦 1. 祈使句
2. should的用法
课文呈现
A Giving instructions
We start a sentence with the base form of a verb when we want to tell people what to do.
当我们想告诉别人做什么的时候，我们用动词的基本形式开始一个句子。
Put up a picture on the wall . 把一幅画挂在墙上。
Paint the walls blue. 把墙漆成蓝色。
We add do not/don′t in front of a verb when we want to tell people not to do something.
Don′t paint the cat. 不要画猫。
当我们想告诉别人不要做某事时，我们会在动词前加上 do not/don′t。
We often add please in a sentence to make an instruction more polite.
Please fix the shelf for me. 请帮我把架子修好.
Don′t touch the wet paint，please.
请不要碰未干的油漆.
我们经常在句子中加上“请”，使指示更有礼貌。
How to make cards

Millie is teaching her classmates how to make cards to help them remember things better. Look at the pictures and help Millie complete the instructions.
cut draw give keep look try write
(1)__________out pieces of card with a pair of scissors.
Cut
cut draw give keep look try write
(2)_________some words or a sentence on each card.
Write
cut draw give keep look try write
(3)_________a picture about the words or sentence on the other side of the card.
Draw
cut draw give keep look try write
(4)___________at the picture and (5)___________to say what is on the other side.
Look
try
cut draw give keep look try write
Please (6)__________(not) up. (7)_________trying and you will find you can remember things better.
don′t give
Keep
B Using should and had better
The modal verbs should and had better do not change their forms.
情态动词 should 和 had better 的形式是不变的。
We use should and had better when giving advice and telling people what we think is the best or right thing to do. The tone of had better is stronger than should.
当给出建议并告诉人们我们认为要做的最好的事情或正确的事情时，我们用should和had better。had better 的语气比should 强.
You should know a little about DIY.
You should not put so many books on the shelf.
关于DIY你应该了解一点.
你不应该在书架上放如此多的书.
Your watch is broken . You had better buy a new one.
You had better not be late for school.
你的手表坏了。你最好买一块新的(手表).
你最好上学不要迟到.
DIY advice

Suzy is giving DIY advice to her classmates. Read the advice below. Help Suzy make sentences with should (not) or had better (not).
a begin your work without reading them
b join a DIY club to learn more about it
c be patient
d buy some to learn more about it
e play with them when you do DIY jobs
1 There are many useful books about DIY.
2 DIY is not easy.
You should/had better buy some to learn more about it.
You should/had better join a DIY club to learn more about it.
3 Instructions are important.
4 Scissors can be dangerous.
5 Sometimes it′ll take time to do a DIY job.
You should not/had better not begin your work without reading them
You should not/had better not play with them when you do DIY jobs.
You should/had better be patient.
考点精讲
cut vt. 剪下，切下，割下
[观察]
Cut the cake into two exact halves.
把蛋糕切成同样大小的两半。
[搭配]
______________剪出　 ______________砍倒　
cut up 切碎　　 cut one′s hair 理发　
cut in line 插队　 cut…short把……缩短
[探究]
cut 为___________动词，其过去式和过去分词均为________，现在分词为___________。
cut down
cut out　
及物
cut
cutting
活学活用
(1) 约翰拉锯的时候差点切掉自己的手指。
John almost ________ his fingers while sawing.
cut out　
(2) We should not ________ trees in order to make our
environment more beautiful.
A．write down　 B．cut down
C．turn down D．go down
B
【解析】考查短语动词辨析。
write down 意为“写下，记录”；
cut down 意为“砍伐，砍倒”；
turn down 意为“减少，拒绝”；
go down 意为“下降，平静下来”。
句意为“为了使我们的环境变得更加好，我们不应该________树木”。故答案为B。
句型透视
1 Draw a picture about the words or sentence on the other side of the card.
在卡片的另一面画一张有关单词或句子的图画。
[探究]
___________________意为“在……的另一边”。
on the other side of
词条 含义及用法 例句
other 可作________或________。作形容词时，意为“别的，其他的”，表示泛指。 Do you have any ________ questions
你还有其他问题吗？
形容词
代词
other
词条 含义及用法 例句
the other 指“两个人或物中的另一个”时，只能用________，不能用________，此时的other用作________。 He has two daughters. ________ is a nurse, and ________ is a worker.
他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。
代词
the other
another
One
the other
词条 含义及用法 例句
others others相当于“_______＋_______复数”，泛指“另外几个；其余的人或物”。others在句中可作______和______。 ______ of us like singing and dancing， and ______ go in for sports.我们中的一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的喜欢体育活动。
other
名词
主语
宾语
Some
others
词条 含义及用法 例句
the others 意为“其他东西，其余的人”，________某一范围内除去一部分后“其他的(人或物)”。 Two boys will go to the zoo， and ___________ will stay at home.
两个男孩将去动物园，其余的待在家里。
特指
the others
词条 含义及用法 例句
another 既可作限定词，又可作代词，只能用于_____或更多的人或物中，______同类事物中的三者或三者以上中的“_________”，只能代替或修饰___________名词。 I don′t like this one. Please show me another.
我不喜欢这个，请给我看看另一个。
单数可数
三者
泛指
另一个
活学活用
(1)—In some countries， people eat with chopsticks，
but in ________， knives and forks.
—You see. People around the world have different
eating habits.
A．others　 　B．other C．another D．all
A
【解析】考查代词的用法辨析。句意：“在一些国家，人们用筷子吃东西，但是在其他国家，用刀和叉子。” “你瞧。世界各地的人们用餐的习惯是不一样的。” others相当于“other＋可数名词的复数”。由“In some countries”可知空格处代指“其他一些国家”用 others 代替 other countries 。故选A。
(2) There are fifty students in Class One. Twenty of them
are boys， ________ are girls.
A．the other B．the others
C．others D．another
B
【解析】考查不定代词。句意：在一班有五十名学生，二十名是男生，________是女生。空格处表示(两部分中的)另一部分，表示剩余的全部。the others意为“其余的”。故选B。
(3) Li Hua′s parents hold different opinions on whether
they should have________ child.
A．another B．other
C．others D．the other
A
【解析】考查代词的用法。another表示“三个或三个以上或不定数量中的另一个”，后接单数名词；other意为“其他的”，其后常接名词复数；others意为“其他的”，相当于“other＋名词复数”；the other表示“两者当中的另一个”。
句意：李华的父母对于他们是否应该再要一个孩子，持不同的观点。故答案为A。
语法聚焦
[[祈使句和 should 的用法]]
教材典句
1．Put up a picture on the wall.
2．Paint the walls blue.
3．Don′t paint the cat.
4．Please fix the shelf for me.
5．Don′t touch the wet paint， please.
6．You should know a little about DIY.
7．You should not put so many books on the shelf.
语法探究
● 1　祈使句
祈使句是表示请求、给予命令或指示的句子。祈使句的主语是________(听话者)，常________，把后面的动词置于________，并且谓语动词一律用________。
原形
you
省略
句首
(1) 祈使句的________形式
动词原形＋其他。
如：Pass it to me. 把它递给我。
Be quiet. 安静。
肯定
(2) 祈使句的________形式
Do not/Don′t＋动词原形＋其他。
如：Don′t open the door，please. 请不要开门。
Don′t be late again. 不要再迟到了。
注意： please放在句首或句尾时不影响动词和整个句子。
否定
(3) 祈使句的________________
a．若陈述部分为祈使句，反意疑问部分通常用____________(无论句首是什么动词，是肯定句还是否定句，都用will you)。
will you
反意疑问句
b．若祈使句以let′s 开头，反意疑问部分用___________。
如：Open the window， will you？打开窗户，好吗？
Don′t open the window, will you？不要开窗，好吗？
Let′s play with snow， shall we
我们去玩雪吧，好吗？
(Let's是表示第一人称的祈使句，包括对方，所以主语是we)
shall we
Let us play with snow， will you
让我们去玩雪吧，好吗？(Let us中的us不包括对方，主语仍是you)
注意：let′s引导的祈使句，其否定形式为__________。
如：Let's not have a rest. 我们不要休息了。
let′s not
● 2　should 的用法
should 意为“________，________”。
(1) 在各种句式中要遵守情态动词的一般规则。
________：主语＋should＋动词原形(与人称和时态无关)。
________：主语＋should＋not＋动词原形。
________：Should＋主语＋动词原形？
应当
应该
肯定句
否定句
疑问句
(2) should用于________人称的疑问句，表示征询建议，语气委婉。
第一
活学活用
1．________ for me at the bus station across from the
post office. I can find you easily.
A．Wait B．To wait C．Waiting D．Waits
A
【解析】考查祈使句。句意为“在汽车站对面的邮局等我。我能容易地找到你。”此句为肯定祈使句，应由动词原形开头，故选A。
【解析】考查情态动词用法辨析。can意为“能，会”；may意为“可能”；should意为“应该”；will意为“将”。句意：“我不在乎人们怎么想。”“呃，你________。在这个世界上你并不是孤立的一个人。”故答案为C。
2．—I don′t care what people think.
—Well，you ________. You′re not alone in this world.
A．can　 B．may C．should D．will
C
3. Dogs ________ run through soccer games at the park.
It′s dangerous!
A．should　 B．shouldn't
C．need D．needn't
B
【解析】考查情态动词的辨析。should意为“应该”；shouldn′t意为“不应该”；need 意为“需要”；needn′t意为“没有必要”。上句句意为“狗________在公园里的足球比赛中跑来跑去”。故答案为B。
4．This warning sign tells us not to pick flowers.
(改为同义句)
This warning sign says “_____________ flowers.”
Don′t pick