牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修第一册课件 unit2The Universal Language Grammar and usage课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
Grammar and usage
Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects
Unit 2 The universal language
By Gu Wenwen
Explore the rules
The story of Boya and Zhong Ziqi
It belongs to the classical Chinese music.
Many foreigners enjoy and understand it.
High mountains and flowing water
主语
代词
总结：____词和____词可以做主语、宾语
宾语
名词
主语
名词
宾语
代词
名
代
The universal language
Showing qin in front of the foreigners made us very proud.
Many foreigners are interested in playing qin.
High mountains and flowing water
总结：_________________可以做主语和宾语
主语
宾语
v-ing（动名词）
Before Boya met Ziqi
1.v-ing做主语，谓语动词用单数.
2.v-ing在剧中作主语时，有时可以用形式主语it代替
3.v-ing 跟在动词，介词和介词短语之后做宾语
4.名词所有格+v-ing是动名词的复合结构,此时的动名词有自己的逻辑主语
5.v-ing的否定为not+v-ing
6.v-ing的被动语态为being done，被动否定为 not being done
Explore the rules
After Ziqi’s death
When Boya met Ziqi
总结：
Fill the blanks
1.Listening to Boya's music __________(be) a kind of enjoyment.
2.Playing qin _________(be) his life.
3.__________(listen) to Boya’s music was worthwhile.
was
Listening
was
It is worthwhile doing... 做......是值得的
It is ________/_________ doing... 做......无用的
It is __________ doing ... 做......是没有好处的
It is __________________ ... 做......是浪费时间的
There is no point (in) doing... ________________
Before Boya met Ziqi
Explore the rules
It was worthwhile listening to Boya’s music.
1.v-ing做主语，谓语动词用___数.
2.v-ing在句中做主语时，有时可以用形式主语____代替
单
it
no use useless
no good
a waste of time
做......没有意义
1.Boya didn’t say anything before playing the qin, yet ...
2.When Boya continued playing, Zhong Ziqi said ...
3.In fact, Boya had intended to call the piece …
4.From then on, Boya never got tired of sharing his music.
confidant(知己)
动词：like, enjoy, avoid,consider,advise,suggest,mind,keep等
介词：by, after等
短语：be capable of doing， get down to doing， have trouble in doing， be used to doing, be busy doing等
Work in pairs
一名外国友人想了解中国的传统音乐，请你给他提供一些建议。
For example：
1. You can enjoy doing... by...
2. I suggest doing ... after...
3. You might have trouble (in) doing...
4. People in China were used to doing ...
When Boya met Ziqi
Explore the rules
总结：
v-ing 跟在____，_____和_________之后做宾语，如continue，before，get tired of等
动词
介词
短语
Some classical Chinese musics
White Snow In Sunny Spring《阳春白雪》
High Mountains And Flowing Water 《高山流水》
A Music From Guangling 《广陵散》
Erhu
Chinese zither
lute
Chinese bamboo flute
1. Boya was curious about ___________________ as expected.
2. _________________________made Boya very sad.
3. _____________________ with sorrow made him destroy his qin.
4. People was shocked by ___________________his qin.
Boya’s being overcome
总结：
his destroying ; Zhong ziqi’s passing away;
Ziqi’s not showing up; Boya’s being overcome;
Ziqi’s not showing up
his destroying
Zhong ziqi’s passing away
2.v-ing的否定为_____________
3.v-ing的被动语态为______________，被动否定为 __________
I’m looking forward to _________________
(play) the piano. However, ______________ (succeed) in watching the concert made me upset because of _______________(delay) by the traffic.
After Ziqi’s death
Explore the rules
1._______________是动名词的复合结构,此时的动名词有自己的逻辑主语
one’s doing
not doing
being done
not being done
Lang lang’s playing
not succeeding
my being delayed
Having a discussion
For example:
1.Holding music festival will give the public more chances to appreciate traditional Chinese music.
2.We can make more foreigners know traditional Chinese music by...
3. ...
How can we make our traditional Chinese music known by more foreigners
competition
media
education
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
一、概述
”动词-ing形式“ 细分的话就是动名词和现在分词。实际上，这是两种不同性质的非谓语形式，有着不同的语法特征和作用。
不同：
动名词
现在分词
V-ing
具有名词特点和作用，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
具有动词特点和作用，可有自己的宾语和状语，有时态和语态的变化。
与 be动词连用构成进行时态，表明现在分词具有“进行意义”的基本功能。
在句中充当各种状语、宾补以及定语，相当于状语从句或定语从句。
区别？
现在分词
动名词
具有名词特点和作用，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
具有动词特点和作用，可有自己的宾语和状语，有时态和语态的变化。
与 be动词连用构成进行时态，表明现在分词具有“进行意义”的基本功能。
在句中充当各种状语、宾补以及定语，相当于状语从句或定语从句。
动名词和现在分词作定语的区别标志是什么？
请观察下列两组短语，尝试总结动名词和现在分词作定语的区别。
a swimming pool 游泳池
a walking sticking 手杖
a waiting room 候车室
a writing desk写字台
a barking dog一只正在叫的狗
flying birds正在飞的鸟
falling leaves正在下落的叶子
the rising sun冉冉升起的太阳
动名词
现在分词
与被修饰词之间是目的或用途关系。
与被修饰词之间是主动关系，扩展为定语从句，从句能够用进行时态。
总结：这两种不同的修饰关系，是区分作定语的现在分词和动名词的标志！
请区分下列名词短语中动词-ing是动名词还是现在分词。
a sleeping car
a sleeping boy
drinking water
boiling water
一节卧铺车厢
一个正在睡觉的男孩
饮用水
正在沸腾的水
现在分词，表水发出的动作且正在进行。
动名词，表车厢的用途
现在分词，表表男孩主动发出睡觉动作且正在睡觉。
动名词，表水的用途。
二、动名词的各种形式和语法作用
1、动名词的一般式
动名词的一般式主要表示抽象的、习惯性的动作，没有明确的发生时间。
如果是一次性动作或时间，一般为发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，偶尔在之后。
Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.
Thank you for giving us so much help yesterday.
I remember seeing her somewhere before.
He suggested spending the evening with my family.
(没有明确的发生时间)
(give发生在thank之前)
(see发生在remember之前)
(spend发生在suggest之后)
2.动名词的完成式
动名词的完成式主要用来强调动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Later she scolded her daughter for having talked to her father like that.
You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.
He regretted having said such rude words to her.
3.动名词的被动式
当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者时，动名词要用被动形式。
Little Lily was afraid of being left alone at home.
Sophia likes helping others and being helped.
Jack escaped being hit by a car.
We are all excited for having been praised.
4.动名词的被动式
动名词的否定式由“not+动名词”组成。
Trying without success is better than not trying at all.
I have no excuse for not going with you.
PART 01
动词-ing 形式作主语
动词-ing 形式作主语
表示经常的, 习惯性的动作或状态,谓语动词通常用单数。
Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.
坐火车去杭州大约需要 16 个小时。
Asking a woman's age is impolite in his country.
在他的国家，询问女士的年龄是不礼貌的
Lorem Ipsum
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing. Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing.
动词-ing 形式作主语
>1.动词 -ing 形式直接置于句首主语的位置上
Saying is easier than doing.
说比做容易。
2.动词-ing形式作主语时常后置，此时须用it 作形式主语，用形容词或名词(短语)作表语。
no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard/difficult job , a waste of time 等。
It's no use making an excuse for this.
为这件事找借口是没有用的。
常见的形容词有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless, useful 等。
归纳:常用动词 -ing 形式作主语的句型有:
It is/was a waste of time doing.. 做.....是浪费时间的。
It is/was no good/use doing.. 做.....是没好处/用的。
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing... 做.....是不值得的。
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing... 做......是值得的。
There is no doing.. 无法.....; 不允许....
It is worthwhile discussing the question.这个问题值得讨论。
It's worth making the effort. 做出努力是值得的。
It's a waste of time playing computer games.玩电脑游戏是浪费时间的。
动词-ing 形式作主语
动词-ing 形式作主语
There be no... 结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于 It is impossible to do....
There is no sense in doing... 做.....没有道理。
There is/was no use good (in) doing... 做.....没用/好处。
There is/was nothing worse than doing...没有比......更糟的。
There is/was no point (in) doing... 做.....无意义。
There is/was no way doing.. 无法做....
注意:There is no need to do... 做.....没必要。在此句式中 to do 不可换为 doing
There is no need to wait for him any longer. 没必要再等他了。
动词-ing 形式作主语
动词-ing形式作主语 VS 不定式(短语)作主语
动词-ing形式作主语表示泛指的行为,
不定式(短语)作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
作宾语时的情况也是如此。
Playing with fire is dangerous.
玩火危险。(泛指)
Be careful! To play with fire is dangerous.
小心点,玩火是危险的。（指具体动作）
PART 02
动词-ing 形式作宾语
动词-ing 形式作宾语
两种情况
1.只能后接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的动词：
avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, enjoy, deny ( 否定), delay(延期), escape(逃避), excuse, keep, finish, fancy (梦想), suggest, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk(冒险)等。
口诀:
避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, delay) 建议完成多练习(advise, finish, practise)
喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine , can't help) 承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse) 忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind)
People can't help laughing at that foolish man.
人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
need, demand, want, require, 在表示“需要”时,用动词-ing形式的主动形式表被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。
Need/demand/want/require + doing
=need/demand/want/require + to be done
The car needs repairing= The car needs to be repaired.
有一些动词短语也常跟动词-ing形式作宾语,如:
insist on (坚持), object to (反对), be good at, lead to, leave off (停止), put off (推迟), give up, look forward to , feel like(想要), devote to (把......奉献给),get used to (习惯于), pay attention to, can't help (禁不住), can't stand (受不了)等。
动词-ing 形式作宾语
2.既可接动词-ing形式又可接不定式(短语)作宾语的动词：
begin, start, continue, like, dislike, love, prefer, mean , forget , remember , hate , regret 等。
(1)在 like, love, hate, prefer 等动词之后,用动词 -ing
形式或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同,动词-ing形式表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
(2)在 begin, start, continue 之后,用动词 -ing 形式和不定式,意义无区别,尤其是当主语是人的时候。
(3)在动词 forget, remember, regret 之后,用动词 -ing形式与不定式意义不同。
动词 -ing形式表示动作已经发生;不定式表示动作还没发生。
I remember to post the letter. 我会记得去寄出这封信。
I remember posting the letter. 我记得这封信已经寄出去了。
动词-ing 形式作宾语
try to do sth. 设法做某事 try doing sth. 试试做某事
mean to do sth. 打算/有意要做某事 mean doing sth.意思是/意味着做某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 can't help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事
go on doing sth.继续做一直在做的事 go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去做另一件事.
He remembered being introduced to the girl at a party.
他记得在一次聚会上被介绍给了那个女孩
I don’t regret telling her what I thought。我不后悔给她讲过我的想法。
I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遣憾必须这样去做，我实在没办法。
动词-ing 形式作宾语
>在 allow, permit, forbid, advise, consider 后直接跟动词 -ing 形式作宾语;
如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
在 allow/permit/forbid/advise/consider+
His parents permitted him to join the army when he was seventeen.
在他17岁的时候。父母允许他去从军。

Sb to do sth
Doing sth
Exercises
1.Scientists have responded by _________ ( note ) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlement.
2. A 90-year-old woman has been awarded The Year” for _________ (be) Austrian's oldest full-time employee still working 40 hours a week.
3. She just kept _________ ( whisper) “1 can't believe you're here!”
4. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _________ (die) early by cycling
5. I still remember _________( visit ) a Cantonese friend who'd lived here for five years.
6. ___________________(travel) along the old Silk Road is a pleasant and rewarding experience.
noting
being
whispering
dying
visiting
Travelling/To travel
7. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term _________ (consume).
8. My ambassadorial duties will include__ _________( introduce ) Austrian visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
9. In addition to their plain beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without_________(use) electric equipment.
10. One morning, the native was waiting at the bus stop, worried about_________(be) late for the meeting
11. The boy kept_________( ride ) . He was carrying something sour over his shoulder and shouting.
consuming
introducing
using
being
riding
BUSINESS TEMPLATE
12. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_________ (cycle) with students.
13. It's quite foggy today. Do you feel like_________(stay) at home with me
14. He stopped___________( smoke) , have a rest, and eat dessert.
根据汉语意思完成句子
1.看电视新闻已经成为那位主厨的例行公事。
____________________on TV has become a routine for the chef.
2.领悟创新对我来说非常重要。
________________innovation is very important to me
3.有雾的天气在海里游泳是危险的。
__________________in the sea on foggy days is dangerous
4.跟那位作曲家在一起工作是令人愉快的。
It is a pleasure________________with the composer.
cycling
staying
to smoke
Digesting
Watching news
Swimming
working
cycling
staying
to smoke
Digesting
Watching news
Swimming
working
5.那样发展毫无意义。
There is no point______________________so.
6.吃完甜食后你想和我一起散步吗
Do you feel like_______________with me after having dessert
7.我永远忘不了曾见到那位著名作家。
I shall not forget______________________the famous writer forever.
8.很遗憾,我不能接受你的观念。
I regret ________________ I can't take your concept
9. 我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。
I apologise for_____________ angry with you.
(in) doing
Having a walk
seeing
to say
being so
10.离开几年之后再回到家乡，他感觉有点儿奇怪。
_________________________ for several years, it is a strange experience for him to return to the hometown.
After being away
Do you like ________(travel) _______(stay) healthy while _______ (travel) can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one. Here are the tips you need ______(make)your trip much easier. Make sure you have got a ____ (sign)passport and visa. Also, before you go, fill in the emergency information page of your passport! Make two copies of your passport identification page. This will help a lot if your passport is 6_____( steal) . Leave one copy at home with friends or relatives. Carry the other with you in a separate place from your passport. Read the public announcements or travel warnings for the countries you plan ______( visit) . Get yourself _____ ( inform) of local laws and customs of the countries to which you are travelling. Leave a copy of your itinerary (行程) with family or friends at home so that you can be 9________ (contact) in case of an emergency. Do not accept packages 10 ______(give) from strangers. Do not carry too much money or unnecessary credit cards. lf you make enough preparations, you will succeed. Have a good time!
to make
signed
stolen
to visit
informed
contacted
given
travelling
Staying
travelling
to make
signed
stolen
1. __________ (return) to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. (2020全国卷I ·阅读理解B)
2. In the future, the team hopes __________ (develop) a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. (2020·全国卷I·阅读理解D)
Returning
实战高考实战高考
1. __________ (return) to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old
friend. (2020全国卷I ·阅读理解B)
2. In the future, the team hopes __________ (develop) a version of the technology that
can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime.
(2020·全国卷I·阅读理解D)
Returning
to develop
3. ______ (use) emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. (2020全国卷II)
4. ________(take) pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. (2020浙江·读后续写)
5. But some students didn't want ________ (wear) the uniform. (2019·浙江卷·语法填空)
实战高考实战高考
3. ______ (use) emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.
(2020全国卷II)
4. ________(take) pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous.
(2020浙江·读后续写)
5. But some students didn't want ________ (wear) the uniform.
(2019·浙江卷·语法填空)
Using
Taking
to wear
THANKS