第五营 Unit 5 What are the shirts made of？——2023年人教版九年级全一册英语暑假培训营（含答案）

第五营 Unit 5 What are the shirts made of ——2023年人教版九年级全一册英语暑假培训营
重点用法
1.be made from"由…制成的"，指从成品中看不出原材料
Paper is made from wood.
纸是由木头制成的。
be made of "由…制成的"，指从成品中可以看出原材料
The bridge is made of stone.
桥是石头造的。
be made in"在…制造的",in后常接表示地点的名词。
The computer is made in America.
这台电脑是在美国制造的。
be made by "由…制造的"，by 用来强调动作的执行者。
The TV set is made by the workers in the factory.
这台电视机是由这个工厂的工人生产的。
2.be famous for…因...而出名=be known for后接表示人或事物某方面特点、特长的词。
Xi'an is famous for its long history.
西安因历史悠久而著名。
be famous as…作为…而出名相当于be known as后接表示职位，名称的词。
Lu Xun is famous as a great writer.
鲁迅作为一名伟大的作家而出名。
3. avoid v. 避免，回避；
①表示"避免""回避""躲避",本身为及物动词,后接宾语不要想当然误加介词.
I think she is avoiding me.
我想她是在躲着我。
②后接动词时要用动名词,不能用不定式。
You should avoid mentioning his divorce.
你要避免提及他离婚的事。
4. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries.
无论你买什么，你都可能认为那些产品是在那些国家生产的。
此句为由no matter +特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。意为"无论…."，相当于whatever.
no matter常用作连词词组，作"不管"、"无论"解，后接what / who / when等词，引导让步状语从句，主要用于"no matter what / which / who / whose / where / when / how…+主句"句型中。
No matter who knocks, don't open the door= Whoever knocks don't open the door
重点语法
一般现在时的被动语态
语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词。
许多人都踢足球。
Many people play football. Football is played by many people.
被动语态的构成
由"助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词"构成，助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则, be 作为连系动词时完全一样。如果需要强调动作或行为的执行者时，在其后接"by..."，意为"被…"
主动语态变被动语态的方法
1.将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语
2.谓语动词变为"be+过去分词"，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态
3.主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by可省略）
为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。
主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分
如：Many people speak English.
被动语态 English is spoken by many people. 被动语态中by短语的省略
主语（动作接受者）+is/am/are + 动词的过去分词+（by+动作执行者）
被动语态的句型总结如下：
肯定句： 主语+be+过去分词+（by ~）
否定句：主语+be not+过去分词+（by ~）
一般疑问句：Be + 主语+ 过去分词+（by ~）
特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+ be + 主语+ 过去分词+（by ~）
被动语态中的"by+宾语"表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者。但是在遇到以下情况时，表示动作执行者的by短语常常被省略。
1.动作执行者不确定时 Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year.
2.不必表明动作执行者时 These trees were planted last year.
3.动作执行者为一般大众时 Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.
4.下面这些动词短语本身已经是被动形式，不需要再加by短语
be interested in对…感兴趣 be made of/from由…制成
be covered with用…覆盖 be surprised at 对…感到惊奇
被动语态的基本用法
需要强调动作的承受者时 Water is needed very much by the crops here.
不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时 Sandy was invited to a party after school.
当说话人需要强调客观时 It is said that the temperature tomorrow will be fine.
find out 查出,找到指有目的,经过一定努力才找到。
区别find, find out与look for
find，find out和look for都含有"寻找、找到"的意思,但其含义和用法却不同。
① find意为"找到、发现",通常指找到或发现具体的东西,也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况,强调的是找的结果。
He didn't find his bike.
他没找到他的自行车。
② look for意为"寻找",是有目的地找，强调"寻找"这一动作。
He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。
③ find out意为"找出、发现、查明",多指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后"搞清楚、弄明白",通常含有"经过困难曲折"的含义,指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。
Read this passage, and find out the answer to this question.
读短文,找出这个问题的答案。
1.Mobile phones __________for communicating(交流) with others.
A. is used B. uses C. was used D. are used
2.Hangzhou _______ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A. knows B. is known C. was known D. will be known
3.—I didn't see Molly last week.
—________ I know, she has gone to Singapore.
A. As far as B. As long as C. As soon as D. As often as
4.Look at the picture. The top five TV plays ________ in it.
A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed
5.Each year quite a lot of food ________ around the world. It's really time for us to do something.
A. was wasted B. is wasted C. wasted D. will be wasted
6.Many students ______ chances to show themselves in class because the class size is too big.
A. don't give B. aren't given C. haven't given D. won't give
7.Mr. Brown always makes his class _______ and keeps his students ______ in his class.
A.alive; interesting B.lively; interesting
C.alive; interested D.lively; interested
8.China's hot words, like tuhao, dama and lianghui, _____ in the Western media(媒体).
A. use widely B. is widely used C. uses widely D. are widely used
9.The latest mobile phone in China.
A. will make B. has made
C. is making D. is made
10.Every day， too much water in the world. People should save it.
A. wastes B. wasted
C. is wasted D. was wasted
答案以及解析
1.答案：D
解析：主语是mobile phones,它和use之间是被动关系,要用被动语态,再结合语境可知要用一般现在时。故选D。
2.答案：B
解析：本题考查时态和被动语态。此处表示"杭州作为丝绸之城而为人所知"，是在陈述事实，且know和主语存在被动关系，故is known符合题意。故选B。
3.答案：A
解析：—上周我没有看到莫莉。—据我所知, 她已经去了新加坡。as far as I know意为"据我所知", 符合语境。故选A。
4.答案：B
解析：本题考查动词的时态和语态。The top five TV plays与list之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态；又由题干中的"Look at the picture"可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
5.答案：B
解析：根据Each year可知用一般现在时,又因为是大量食物做主语,和后面动词存在被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。
6.答案：B
解析：句意:因为班容量太大,在课上,许多学生没有被给机会来展示自己。根据because the class size is too big.可知此处用一般现在时,又主语many students与位于give之间表示被动关系,故用被动语态。故选B。
7.答案：D
解析：句意:布朗先生总是让他的课堂生动活泼,并使学生对他的课堂感兴趣。 考查形容词辨析。alive活着的; lively生动的, 活泼的。此处是修饰class, 应该用lively, 排除AC。interesting有趣的, 一般修饰物; interested感兴趣的, 一般修饰人。be interested in"对......感兴趣", 此处interested修饰students。故选D。
8.答案：D
解析：考查被动语态的用法。句意: 中国的热点词汇, 像"土豪"、"大妈"以及"两会", 被西方媒体广泛使用。主语是hot words, 谓语动词用复数形式, 排除选项B和C; 主语hot words和动词use之间是动宾关系, 故要用被动语态。故选D。
9.答案：D
解析：考查被动语态。句意:最新的手机是在中国制造的。这 句话的主语The latest mobile phone与谓语动词make之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态。故选D。
10.答案：C
解析：考查时态和语态。主语water是谓语动词waste的 承受者，应用被动语态;every day提示时态为一般现在时。故选C。
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